1040:
1016:
1028:
1000:
1052:
520:
928:
58:
199:
512:
311:
267:(a single logical port for each of the latter two). It is up to the manufacturer of the M.2 host or module to select which interfaces are to be supported, depending on the desired level of host support and the module type. Different M.2 connector keying notches denote various purposes and capabilities of both the M.2 hosts and modules, and also prevent the M.2 modules from being inserted into incompatible host connectors.
596:. Different host-side connectors are used for single- and double-sided M.2 modules, providing different amounts of space between the M.2 expansion card and the host's PCB. Circuit boards on the hosts are usually designed to accept multiple lengths of M.2 modules, which means that the sockets capable of accepting longer M.2 modules usually also accept shorter ones by providing different positions for the mounting screw.
2621:
940:
host; as of April 2014, host-side connectors are available with only one mating key position populated (either B or M). Furthermore, M.2 sockets keyed for SATA or two PCI Express lanes (PCIe ×2) are referred to as "socket 2 configuration" or "socket 2", while the sockets keyed for four PCI Express lanes (PCIe ×4) are referred to as "socket 3 configuration" or "socket 3".
533:
1075:
939:
The PCB of an M.2 module provides a 75-position edge connector; depending on the type of module, certain pin positions are removed to present one or more keying notches. Host-side M.2 connectors (sockets) may populate one or more mating key positions, determining the type of modules accepted by the
947:
Various types of M.2 modules are denoted using the "WWLL-HH-K-K" or "WWLL-HH-K" naming schemes, in which "WW" and "LL" specify the module width and length in millimeters, respectively. The "HH" part specifies, in an encoded form, whether a module is single- or double-sided, and the maximum allowed
587:
The M.2 standard allows module widths of 12, 16, 22 and 30 mm, and lengths of 16, 26, 30, 38, 42, 60, 80 and 110 mm. Initial line-up of the commercially available M.2 expansion cards is 22 mm wide, with varying lengths of 30, 42, 60, 80 and 110 mm. The codes for the M.2 module
591:
An M.2 module is installed into a mating connector provided by the host's circuit board, and a single mounting screw secures the module into place. Components may be mounted on either side of the module, with the actual module type limiting how thick the components can be; the maximum allowable
943:
For example, M.2 modules with two notches in B and M positions use up to two PCI Express lanes and provide broader compatibility at the same time, while the M.2 modules with only one notch in the M position use up to four PCI Express lanes; both examples may also provide SATA storage devices.
397:(6 Gbit/s) port, and exposes them through the same connector so both PCI Express and SATA storage devices may exist in the form of M.2 modules. Exposed PCI Express lanes provide a pure PCI Express connection between the host and storage device, with no additional layers of
948:
thickness of mounted components; possible values are listed in the right table above. Module keying is specified by the "K-K" part, in an encoded form using the key IDs from the left table above; it can also be specified as "K" only, if a module has only one keying notch.
980:(XFM) for XFM Embedded and Removable Memory Devices (XFMD). It targets to replace the M.2 form factor with a significantly smaller one (also called XT2), so that it can also be designed as an alternative to soldered memory. XFM Express utilizes a
473:
driver and provided PCI Express lanes, as a high-performance and scalable host controller interface designed and optimized especially for interfacing with PCI Express SSDs. NVMe has been designed from the ground up, capitalizing on the low
536:
Size examples of M.2 SSDs. The first two digits of the size number are the width and the remaining digits the length in millimeters; a 2242-sized M.2 SSD is 22mm x 42mm. M.2 slots on motherboards and other devices may not support all SSD
588:
sizes contain both the width and length of a particular module; for example, "2242" as a module code means that the module is 22 mm wide and 42 mm long, while "2280" denotes a module 22 mm wide and 80 mm long.
1039:
523:
An M.2 2230 SSD, 22 mm wide and 30 mm long, with the key in the M position, and with a microSD card on top for scale. The large chip on the M.2 module is a single-chip SSD conforming to the M.2 1620
1787:
999:
413:
Three options are available for the logical device interfaces and command sets used for interfacing with M.2 storage devices, which may be used depending on the type of M.2 storage device and available
1724:
2551:
935:, visible in the upper-left portion of the picture. The socket is keyed in the M position and provides two positions for the mounting screw, accepting 2260 and 2280 sizes of M.2 modules.
1027:
1015:
494:
relate to NVMe's ability to exploit parallelism in host hardware and software, based on its design advantages that include data transfers with fewer stages, greater depth of
1323:
1585:
1943:
1493:
1384:
1051:
2652:
2045:
1088:
1800:
233:) standard. Employing a more flexible physical specification, M.2 allows different module widths and lengths, which, paired with the availability of more advanced
568:
on one side and a semicircular mounting hole at the center of the opposite edge. The edge connector has 75 positions with up to 67 pins, employing a 0.5 mm
2253:
580:, while the connector itself is specified to endure 60 mating cycles. However, many M.2 slots (Socket 1, 2 and 3) found on motherboards only provide up to 3.3
1826:
1737:
2084:
2035:
2667:
1762:
366:
specification, in its gold revision as of August 2013, standardizes M.2 as a new format for storage devices and specifies its hardware layout.
1634:
2586:
2561:
2416:
2039:
1281:
1181:
1890:
2625:
2576:
2013:
2662:
2432:
1353:
279:
1399:
1795:
1856:
1912:
2077:
519:
445:
with widespread SATA support in operating systems at the cost of lower performance. AHCI was developed when the purpose of a
2591:
2112:
1935:
1501:
572:
and offsetting the pins on opposing sides of the PCB from each other. Each pin on the connector is rated for up to 50
1647:
2657:
515:
M.2 keying notches in B and M positions; the offsetting of the pins on different sides of an M.2 module is also visible.
2581:
2243:
1936:"Move over M.2, here comes the XFM memory specification - And it might displace soldered storage, too, with some luck"
1094:
702:
318:
software architecture, which also applies to M.2. It supports both legacy SATA and PCI Express storage devices, with
1699:
294:, NVM Express is designed to fully utilize the capability of high-speed PCI Express storage devices to perform many
2070:
1173:
1612:
449:(HBA) in a system was to connect the CPU/memory subsystem with a much slower storage subsystem based on rotating
1635:
https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-specifications/ssd-530-m2-specification.pdf
1428:
2381:
2137:
343:
927:
2513:
2132:
487:
483:
479:
299:
2371:
1966:
2571:
442:
283:
2672:
554:
546:
475:
234:
1292:
405:
M.2 specification, in its revision 1.0 as of
December 2013, provides detailed M.2 specifications.
2467:
1882:
1523:
1459:
653:
550:
458:
339:
2677:
2319:
2213:
2192:
2177:
2172:
2162:
1172:
Handy, Jim; Tanguy, Jon; May, Jaren; Akerson, David; Kim, Eden; Coughlin, Tom (20 September 2014).
383:
238:
57:
31:
2366:
2324:
1080:
198:
2314:
2208:
2117:
2093:
1105:
359:
275:
63:
2303:(bankrupt, assets sold to Toshiba, which later spun off its SSD and flash business to Kioxia)
1725:"SMBus interface for SSD Socket 2 and Socket 3 (PCI-SIG engineering change notice)"
1130:
2182:
2157:
2127:
1241:
450:
446:
415:
390:
291:
256:
1623:
1242:"What Is M.2? New Interface and Form Factor For Compact SSD Drives in Laptops and Desktops"
2490:
2350:
2268:
2233:
951:
Beside socketed modules, the M.2 standard also includes the option for having permanently
557:(PCBs), allowing longer modules and double-sided component population. Consequently, M.2
525:
511:
398:
367:
282:(AHCI) at the logical interface level. While the support for AHCI ensures software-level
252:
246:
561:
modules can provide double the storage capacity within the footprint of an mSATA device.
2508:
2396:
944:
Similar keying applies to M.2 modules that utilize provided USB 3.0 connectivity.
565:
310:
260:
222:
132:
99:
330:
M.2 modules can integrate multiple functions, including the following device classes:
17:
2641:
2601:
2438:
2187:
1920:
495:
426:
347:
287:
37:"NGFF" redirects here. For the Next Generation Small Form Factor (aka NF1/M.3), see
2682:
2647:
2606:
2456:
2167:
2152:
2122:
2059: – US patent 20130294023, November 7, 2013, assigned to Raphael Gay
2018:
532:
491:
454:
355:
315:
2055:
255:
interfaces provided through the M.2 connector are PCI Express x4 (up to four
592:
thickness of components is 1.5 mm per side, and the thickness of the PCB is
2566:
2505:
2450:
2444:
1354:"SATA-IO FAQ: What is the M.2 card and what is the status of the specification?"
1099:
985:
981:
932:
635:
371:
271:
93:
87:
81:
75:
1074:
2461:
2391:
2107:
1613:
https://media.digikey.com/pdf/Data%20Sheets/Viking%20PDFs/PSFNP5xxxx5xxx_C.pdf
1070:
375:
2329:
2278:
1827:"NVM Express Based Solid-State Drives: Crossing the Chasm, Going Mainstream"
1672:
952:
569:
499:
335:
242:
1545:
2336:
2306:
2218:
2147:
2049:
394:
363:
136:
2345:'s NAND flash SSD business including controllers and renamed it Solidigm
2376:
2273:
2029:
1732:
1464:
1435:
1395:
1361:
1331:
1213:
1208:
402:
264:
146:
128:
124:
104:
1648:"Intel SSD 530 Series Arriving Next Week – Feature NGFF M.2 Interface"
1045:
A Samsung 980 PRO PCIe 4.0 NVMe SSD with 1 TB of storage capacity
2386:
2295:
2237:
2062:
577:
429:
SATA 3.0 (6 Gbit/s) port exposed through the M.2 connector.
120:
202:
A size comparison of an mSATA SSD (left) and an M.2 2242 SSD (right)
2556:
2535:
2518:
2495:
2342:
2224:
2025:
926:
665:
542:
531:
518:
510:
351:
331:
309:
230:
226:
116:
42:
38:
2014:
Understanding M.2, the interface that will speed up your next SSD
1324:"AHCI and NVMe as Interfaces for SATA Express Devices – Overview"
2596:
2288:
2283:
2142:
1058:
728:
714:
706:
661:
657:
649:
627:
581:
573:
470:
438:
323:
319:
2066:
2036:
PCIe SSD 101: An
Overview of Standards, Markets and Performance
425:
Used for SATA SSDs, and interfaced through the AHCI driver and
41:. For the Enterprise and Data Center Standard Form Factor, see
2530:
2525:
2473:
2300:
1110:
1006:
970:
710:
698:
631:
558:
379:
295:
2042:, August 2013, archived from the original on February 2, 2014
1857:"Understanding M.2 NGFF SSD standardization (or the lack of)"
237:
features, makes M.2 more suitable than mSATA in general for
274:(NVMe) as the logical device interface for M.2 PCI Express
1995:
752:
Reserved for custom use (unused in the M.2 specification)
2005:
457:
when applied to SSD devices, which behave much more like
2006:
Peripheral
Component Interconnect Special Interest Group
1624:
https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/application-note/AN13049.pdf
490:, platforms and applications. At a high level, primary
225:
and associated connectors. M.2 replaces the Mini SATA (
1967:"Toshiba Unveils XFMEXPRESS Form Factor for NVMe SSDs"
1763:"How to distinguish the differences between M.2 cards"
241:
applications, particularly in smaller devices such as
221:), is a specification for internally mounted computer
1487:
1485:
1483:
969:(NGSFF), also known as NF1 or M.3, which may replace
469:
Used for PCI Express SSDs and interfaced through the
437:
Used for PCI Express SSDs and interfaced through the
2026:
LFCS: Preparing Linux for nonvolatile memory devices
1454:
1452:
2544:
2483:
2425:
2409:
2359:
2261:
2252:
2201:
2100:
1673:"M2P4S M.2 (NGFF) PCIe base SSD to PCIe ×4 Adapter"
553:and connector. M.2 adds the possibility of larger
170:
152:
142:
112:
71:
2227:'s NAND flash SSD business and renamed it Solidigm
1398:. 7 August 2013. pp. 194–209. Archived from
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
441:driver and provided PCI Express lanes, providing
1881:Hensel, Martin; Graefen, Rainer (27 July 2018).
1494:"Buying an M.2 SSD? How to tell which is which?"
1089:Enterprise and Data Center Standard Form Factor
27:Standard for miniature computer expansion cards
1422:
1420:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
976:JEDEC JESD233 is another specification called
2078:
2048:, January 28, 2020, an application note from
2046:M.2 Pinout Descriptions and Reference Designs
1799:. 1 November 2013. p. 23. Archived from
1788:"PCI Express M.2 Specification, Revision 1.0"
1700:"2015 Guide: The Best M.2 Solid-State Drives"
1235:
1233:
1231:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1009: 3.0 adapter and connected to a computer
652:, PCIe ×2, USB 2.0 and 3.0, audio,
8:
1460:"PCI Express M.2 Specification Revision 1.0"
965:Samsung introduced a new form factor called
50:
1736:. 11 August 2014. p. 2. Archived from
1317:
1315:
1313:
816:Maximum component thickness on M.2 modules
482:of PCI Express SSDs, and complementing the
2258:
2085:
2071:
2063:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1033:The connection slot of the docking station
600:M.2 module keying and provided interfaces
389:The M.2 specification provides up to four
370:exposed through the M.2 connector include
1889:(in German). Vogel Communications Group.
1385:"Serial ATA Revision 3.2 (Gold Revision)"
2022:, February 9, 2015, by Andrew Cunningham
1825:Zhang, Jack; Liang, Mark (4 July 2015).
814:
598:
197:
2417:List of solid-state drive manufacturers
1121:
1106:Solid-state drive § Configurations
995:
2653:Computer-related introductions in 2013
1913:"NF1 SSD | Samsung Semiconductor"
453:; as a result, AHCI has some inherent
49:
2232:Flash Forward (joint venture between
1996:Serial ATA International Organization
564:M.2 modules are rectangular, with an
7:
2032:, April 19, 2013, by Jonathan Corbet
727:2 of PCIe ×1, USB 2.0 and
1526:. Gaming Console 101. 29 March 2023
1524:"Which SSD is Compatible with PS5?"
1429:"SATA Express: PCIe Client Storage"
1282:"M.2 Connector (NGFF) Introduction"
382: 3.0; all these standards are
278:, in addition to supporting legacy
2433:Advanced Host Controller Interface
1586:"M.2 (NGFF) Quick Reference Guide"
1174:"SNIA Webcast: All About M.2 SSDs"
1129:Gillis, Alexander S. (July 2021).
545:standard, which uses the existing
280:Advanced Host Controller Interface
25:
2668:Peripheral Component Interconnect
1946:from the original on 10 July 2022
1893:from the original on 10 July 2022
1427:Wassenberg, Paul (19 June 2013).
1021:A docking station for M.2 modules
1005:An M.2 2242 SSD connected into a
967:Next Generation Small Form Factor
697:2 of PCIe ×1, USB 2.0,
541:The M.2 standard is based on the
326:as the logical device interfaces.
2620:
2619:
1546:"M.2 Frequently Asked Questions"
1322:Landsman, Dave (9 August 2013).
1073:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1014:
998:
66:(SSD), 22 mm wide and 80 mm long
56:
1934:Lee, Matthew (28 August 2021).
1855:Tokar, Les (24 November 2013).
1646:Mujtaba, Hassan (2 July 2013).
270:The M.2 specification supports
1883:"Was sind NF1, M.3 und NGSFF?"
809:SATA, PCIe ×2, and SMBus
798:SATA, PCIe ×4, and SMBus
741:Future Memory Interface (FMI)
229:) standard and the Mini PCIe (
1:
1698:Burek, John (14 April 2015).
1057:M.2 2230 (left) and M.2 1630
314:A high-level overview of the
1965:Liu, Zhiye (6 August 2019).
1492:Marshall R. (7 April 2014).
492:advantages of NVMe over AHCI
1095:List of interface bit rates
374:(PCIe) 3.0 and newer,
215:Next Generation Form Factor
2699:
2663:Motherboard expansion slot
2010:(PCI-SIG) official website
2000:(SATA-IO) official website
1365:. 8 August 2013. p. 2
213:and formerly known as the
36:
29:
2615:
984:logical interface over a
762:
677:
461:than like spinning media.
55:
973:in server applications.
763:Reserved for future use
678:Reserved for future use
630: ×1, USB 2.0,
344:near field communication
290:SATA devices and legacy
189:22 mm × 110 mm
2133:Flash memory controller
507:Form factors and keying
186:22 mm × 80 mm
183:22 mm × 60 mm
180:22 mm × 42 mm
177:22 mm × 30 mm
78: via one of:
2557:JEDEC / JC-42, JC-64.8
1500:. ASUS. Archived from
978:Crossover Flash Memory
955:single-sided modules.
936:
555:printed circuit boards
538:
529:
516:
466:PCI Express using NVMe
443:backward compatibility
434:PCI Express using AHCI
327:
284:backward compatibility
203:
158:; 10 years ago
18:Crossover Flash Memory
2545:Related organizations
1246:compreviews.about.com
1131:"Definition: M.2 SSD"
961:Alternative standards
930:
547:PCI Express Mini Card
535:
522:
514:
498:, and more efficient
313:
201:
156:November 1, 2013
2474:Universal Serial Bus
2468:Serial attached SCSI
2056:Interface card mount
988:physical interface.
615:Provided interfaces
378:(SATA) 3.0 and
340:satellite navigation
113:Common manufacturers
30:For other uses, see
2658:Computer connectors
2202:Flash manufacturers
2193:Write amplification
2178:Solid-state storage
1550:Kingston Technology
931:An M.2 socket on a
817:
601:
384:backward compatible
261:Serial ATA 3.0
239:solid-state storage
100:Serial ATA 3.0
52:
2367:Greenliant Systems
2138:Garbage collection
2094:Solid-state drives
1923:on 2 October 2020.
1806:on 18 January 2021
1679:. 14 February 2014
1498:Republic of Gamers
1298:on 3 February 2014
1081:Electronics portal
937:
815:
599:
539:
530:
528:(BGA) form factor.
517:
409:Storage interfaces
360:solid-state drives
328:
204:
2635:
2634:
2567:NVMHCI Work Group
2410:SSD manufacturers
2405:
2404:
2163:Over-provisioning
2118:Flash file system
925:
924:
813:
812:
391:PCI Express lanes
364:SATA revision 3.2
292:operating systems
196:
195:
64:solid-state drive
16:(Redirected from
2690:
2623:
2622:
2491:HDD form factors
2259:
2158:Open-channel SSD
2087:
2080:
2073:
2064:
2058:
2009:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1919:. Archived from
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1831:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1805:
1792:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1742:
1729:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1704:Computer Shopper
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1643:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1593:Tyco Electronics
1590:
1582:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1504:on 27 April 2014
1489:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1433:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1405:on 27 March 2014
1404:
1389:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1358:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1328:
1319:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1297:
1291:. Archived from
1286:
1278:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1237:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1205:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1178:
1169:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1126:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1054:
1042:
1030:
1018:
1002:
818:
806:12-19 and 59–66
602:
595:
486:of contemporary
447:host bus adapter
416:operating system
393:and one logical
166:
164:
159:
60:
53:
21:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2611:
2540:
2479:
2421:
2401:
2355:
2309:(bought by OCZ)
2269:Western Digital
2248:
2234:Western Digital
2197:
2101:Key terminology
2096:
2091:
2054:
2004:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1743:on 14 July 2015
1740:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
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1517:
1507:
1505:
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1490:
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1471:
1469:
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1426:
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1418:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1239:
1238:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1209:"SATA M.2 Card"
1207:
1206:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1046:
1043:
1034:
1031:
1022:
1019:
1010:
1003:
994:
963:
832:
827:
822:
803:B+M (Socket 2)
724:8–15 and 24–31
721:A+E (Socket 1)
611:
606:
593:
526:ball grid array
509:
411:
308:
223:expansion cards
192:
162:
160:
157:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
67:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2696:
2694:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2640:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2511:
2509:expansion card
2503:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2484:Configurations
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2407:
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2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2363:
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2357:
2356:
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2348:
2347:
2346:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2304:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2265:
2263:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2052:
2043:
2033:
2023:
2011:
2001:
1989:
1988:External links
1986:
1984:
1983:
1971:Tom's Hardware
1957:
1926:
1904:
1887:StorageInsider
1873:
1861:The SSD Review
1847:
1817:
1779:
1754:
1716:
1690:
1664:
1638:
1627:
1616:
1605:
1562:
1537:
1515:
1479:
1448:
1416:
1376:
1345:
1309:
1258:
1240:Kyrnin, Mark.
1227:
1195:
1147:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1092:
1085:
1084:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1037:
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1032:
1025:
1023:
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1013:
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1004:
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990:
962:
959:
923:
922:
919:
916:
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911:
908:
905:
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897:
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886:
883:
879:
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872:
868:
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864:
861:
857:
856:
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850:
846:
845:
842:
839:
835:
834:
829:
824:
811:
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804:
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799:
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793:
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769:
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754:
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747:
743:
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736:
732:
731:
725:
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695:
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688:
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676:
673:
669:
668:
647:
644:
640:
639:
624:
621:
617:
616:
613:
608:
566:edge connector
508:
505:
504:
503:
496:command queues
467:
463:
462:
455:inefficiencies
451:magnetic media
435:
431:
430:
423:
410:
407:
307:
304:
194:
193:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
174:
172:
168:
167:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
133:Silicon Motion
114:
110:
109:
108:
107:
102:
97:
91:
85:
73:
69:
68:
61:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2695:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
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2669:
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2661:
2659:
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2649:
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2628:
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2618:
2617:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2582:SFF Committee
2580:
2578:
2575:
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2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
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2524:
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2517:
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2515:
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2510:
2507:
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2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2439:Fibre Channel
2437:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2398:
2395:
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2365:
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2331:
2328:
2327:
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2323:
2321:
2318:
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2308:
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2299:
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2277:
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2255:
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2245:
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2239:
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2231:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2188:Wear leveling
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1958:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1874:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1848:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1691:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1594:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1577:
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1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1364:
1363:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1247:
1243:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1184:
1183:
1175:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1053:
1048:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1024:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1001:
996:
991:
989:
987:
983:
979:
974:
972:
968:
960:
958:
956:
954:
949:
945:
941:
934:
929:
921:1.50 mm
920:
917:
914:
913:
910:0.70 mm
909:
906:
903:
902:
899:1.35 mm
898:
895:
892:
891:
888:1.35 mm
887:
884:
881:
880:
877:1.35 mm
876:
873:
870:
869:
865:
862:
859:
858:
854:
851:
848:
847:
843:
840:
837:
836:
830:
825:
820:
819:
808:
805:
802:
801:
797:
794:
792:M (Socket 3)
791:
790:
786:
783:
782:
778:
775:
774:
770:
767:
766:
759:
756:
755:
751:
748:
745:
744:
740:
737:
734:
733:
730:
726:
723:
720:
719:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
693:
691:E (Socket 1)
690:
689:
685:
682:
681:
674:
671:
670:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
648:
645:
643:B (Socket 2)
642:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
622:
620:A (Socket 1)
619:
618:
614:
609:
604:
603:
597:
589:
585:
583:
579:
576:and 0.5
575:
571:
567:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
534:
527:
521:
513:
506:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
478:and enhanced
477:
472:
468:
465:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
433:
432:
428:
424:
421:
420:
419:
417:
408:
406:
404:
401:abstraction.
400:
396:
395:SATA 3.0
392:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
362:(SSDs). The
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:digital radio
345:
341:
337:
333:
325:
321:
317:
312:
305:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
209:, pronounced
208:
200:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
173:
169:
155:
151:
148:
145:
141:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
111:
106:
103:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
77:
74:
70:
65:
59:
54:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2673:SATA Express
2624:
2500:
2457:SATA Express
2183:Trim command
2173:Secure erase
2168:Read disturb
2123:Flash memory
2019:Ars Technica
2017:
1974:. Retrieved
1970:
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1939:
1929:
1921:the original
1916:
1907:
1895:. Retrieved
1886:
1876:
1864:. Retrieved
1860:
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1836:. p. 39
1833:
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1801:the original
1794:
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1766:
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1738:the original
1731:
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1703:
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1676:
1667:
1657:14 September
1655:. Retrieved
1651:
1641:
1630:
1619:
1608:
1596:. Retrieved
1592:
1553:. Retrieved
1549:
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1502:the original
1497:
1470:. Retrieved
1463:
1439:. Retrieved
1407:. Retrieved
1400:the original
1392:KnowledgeTek
1391:
1379:
1367:. Retrieved
1360:
1348:
1336:. Retrieved
1330:
1300:. Retrieved
1293:the original
1288:
1249:. Retrieved
1245:
1220:14 September
1218:. Retrieved
1212:
1186:. Retrieved
1180:
1138:. Retrieved
1134:
1124:
977:
975:
966:
964:
957:
950:
946:
942:
938:
918:1.50 mm
907:1.50 mm
896:1.50 mm
885:1.35 mm
874:1.20 mm
863:1.50 mm
852:1.35 mm
841:1.20 mm
594:0.8 mm ± 10%
590:
586:
563:
549:(Mini PCIe)
540:
412:
388:
358:(WWAN), and
356:wireless WAN
329:
316:SATA Express
269:
265:USB 3.0
253:Computer bus
251:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:
105:USB 3.0
62:An M.2 2280
47:
2514:Thunderbolt
2506:PCI Express
2451:PCI Express
2445:NVM Express
2360:Independent
2254:Controllers
2153:Memory wear
1598:16 November
1472:14 December
1140:24 February
1100:NVM Express
986:PCI Express
933:motherboard
551:form factor
502:processing.
484:parallelism
480:parallelism
422:Legacy SATA
372:PCI Express
300:in parallel
298:operations
272:NVM Express
235:interfacing
143:Design firm
76:Motherboard
72:Connects to
2678:Serial ATA
2642:Categories
2519:USB Type-C
2462:Serial ATA
2426:Interfaces
2392:PMC-Sierra
2108:Encryption
1302:17 January
1135:TechTarget
1117:References
376:Serial ATA
243:ultrabooks
171:Dimensions
163:2013-11-01
153:Introduced
2330:SandForce
2279:Fusion-io
1840:27 August
1441:2 October
664:, IC and
638: ×4
500:interrupt
418:support:
336:Bluetooth
211:m dot two
2626:Category
2597:T10/SCSI
2377:Maxiotek
2337:SK Hynix
2307:Indilinx
2219:SK Hynix
2050:Congatec
1944:Archived
1940:TechSpot
1891:Archived
1866:28 April
1772:24 March
1747:5 August
1677:HW Tools
1652:Wccftech
1508:28 April
1067:See also
953:soldered
866:—
855:—
844:—
306:Features
137:SK Hynix
94:PCIe 5.0
88:PCIe 4.0
82:PCIe 3.0
2607:T13/ATA
2577:SATA-IO
2382:Marvell
2341:Bought
2325:Seagate
2320:Samsung
2274:SanDisk
2262:Captive
2223:Bought
2214:Samsung
2128:SLC/MLC
2030:LWN.net
1976:10 July
1950:10 July
1917:Samsung
1897:10 July
1810:13 June
1796:PCI-SIG
1733:PCI-SIG
1709:15 July
1683:22 June
1555:15 July
1530:2 April
1465:PCI-SIG
1436:SATA-IO
1409:15 July
1396:SATA-IO
1369:15 July
1362:SATA-IO
1338:15 July
1332:SATA-IO
1251:15 July
1214:SATA-IO
1188:15 July
1091:(EDSFF)
992:Gallery
831:Bottom
610:Notched
584:power.
476:latency
403:PCI-SIG
346:(NFC),
247:tablets
161: (
147:PCI-SIG
129:Samsung
125:Realtek
2602:T11/FC
2572:USB-IF
2552:INCITS
2464:(SATA)
2453:(PCIe)
2447:(NVMe)
2435:(AHCI)
2387:Phison
2315:Micron
2296:Kioxia
2238:Kioxia
2209:Micron
1468:. 2013
1289:ATTEND
1102:(NVMe)
795:59–66
787:55–62
779:51–58
771:47–54
760:43–50
749:39–46
738:28–35
694:24–31
686:20–27
675:16–23
646:12–19
537:sizes.
427:legacy
288:legacy
263:, and
121:Phison
2536:EDSFF
2496:mSATA
2476:(USB)
2470:(SAS)
2343:Intel
2225:Intel
1834:Intel
1830:(PDF)
1804:(PDF)
1791:(PDF)
1741:(PDF)
1728:(PDF)
1589:(PDF)
1432:(PDF)
1403:(PDF)
1388:(PDF)
1357:(PDF)
1327:(PDF)
1296:(PDF)
1285:(PDF)
1177:(PDF)
1061:cards
833:side
828:side
666:SMBus
626:2 of
623:8–15
612:pins
570:pitch
543:mSATA
368:Buses
352:WiGig
332:Wi-Fi
286:with
257:lanes
231:mPCIe
227:mSATA
117:Intel
43:EDSFF
39:NGSFF
2592:SSSI
2587:SNIA
2562:ONFI
2441:(FC)
2372:Goke
2351:FADU
2289:sTec
2284:HGST
2244:YMTC
2236:and
2148:MB/s
2143:IOPS
2040:SNIA
1978:2022
1952:2022
1899:2022
1868:2014
1842:2015
1812:2020
1774:2020
1767:Dell
1749:2015
1711:2015
1685:2014
1659:2013
1600:2013
1557:2015
1532:2023
1510:2014
1474:2013
1443:2013
1411:2015
1371:2015
1340:2015
1304:2014
1253:2015
1222:2013
1190:2015
1182:SNIA
1142:2022
1059:WiFi
982:NVMe
826:Top
821:Type
729:CNVi
715:CNVi
713:and
707:UART
703:SDIO
662:SSIC
658:HSIC
650:SATA
634:and
628:PCIe
488:CPUs
471:NVMe
439:AHCI
324:NVMe
322:and
320:AHCI
276:SSDs
245:and
219:NGFF
2683:USB
2648:M.2
2531:U.3
2526:U.2
2501:M.2
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