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measuring one to two feet (30–60 cm) in length. Color patterns are generally a dark brown base with pale or white horizontal striping, but vary slightly among subspecies. It has the odd distinction of being named last as a new species, as there is no mistaking the clear cut ridge that follows
504:
lasts about four to five months. Females give birth to two to 9 (average five) young in late July or August. Both sexes appear to reach reproductive maturity around 400 mm (16 in) in body (snout to vent) length. Although captive snakes have reproduced annually, wild females probably
405:(v3.1, 2001). Species are listed as such due to their wide distribution, presumed large population, or because they are unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. The population trend was stable when assessed in 2007.
385:
is rarely found outside habitats at high elevation. Wooded mountain ranges, primarily in the southwest, are where this reclusive species is found. Each subspecies’ range is limited to select mountain ranges, making human encounters rare events.
521:
venom is not as life-threatening as that of other rattlesnakes. No documented deaths have been caused by ridge-nosed rattlesnakes, but pain and discomfort can still result from a rare
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Rattlesnakes are primarily ambush hunters; they coil and lie waiting for prey to approach within striking distance. The diet of
1310:
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302:" region. The IUCN reports this snake's conservation status as being of Least Concern. It is the official state reptile of
425:
1298:
1593:
575:
1521:
1320:
603:
87:
1202:(1905). "An annotated list of a collection of reptiles from southern California and northern Lower California".
551:
873:
Beltz, Ellin (2006). Biographies of People
Honored in the Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America
399:
339:
1112:
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is the cause of declining numbers, but critical habitat designations (recovery measures) have been proposed.
1057:
581:
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322:, is in honor of its discoverer, "Professor" Frank Cottle Willard, a businessman from Tombstone, Arizona.
1390:
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1116:
417:
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1005:
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807:. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes). (7th printing, 1985,
1275:. The Peterson Field Guide Series ®. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. xiii + 533 pp.
1090:
796:
743:
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animals, the young still develop within an egg inside the female snake until their time of birth.
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Brennan, Thomas (2008). "RIDGE-NOSED RATTLESNAKE Crotalus willardi". Retrieved 16 May 2019.
717:
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the countour of its snout, a ridge formed by turning up the scales on the end of its nose.
240:
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1040:. 2 volumes. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 870 pp., 1500 plates.
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699:
489:
402:
351:
291:
72:
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1064:. Second Edition. (2 volumes). (Reprint, Berkeley: University of California Press.
334:
is the most recent rattlesnake species to be discovered in the United States. Five
1417:
1503:
1451:
1384:
1127:(2002). "Foraging ecology of the threatened New Mexico Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake (
1375:
627:
493:
469:
465:
429:
421:
409:
370:
335:
299:
284:
1182:
A Guide to the
Rattlesnakes and other Venomous Serpents of the United States
1166:(2001). "Reproduction in northern populations of the ridgenose rattlesnake,
595:
522:
518:
501:
99:
756:
Snake
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1
1534:
1369:
1095:
The
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians
169:
139:
119:
1304:
872:
1443:
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spp.) and lizards, whereas adults feed primarily on mammals and birds.
457:
453:
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303:
287:
129:
1062:
Rattlesnakes: Their
Habitats, Life Histories, and Influence on Mankind
1456:
652:
631:
350:
is commonly known as the
Arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake, and is the
295:
109:
1346:
758:. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp.
630:, Mexico in extreme northwestern Chihuahua and extreme northeastern
461:
159:
149:
492:, meaning it gives birth and does not lay eggs. Contrasting with
270:
ridge-nosed rattlesnake, Willard's rattlesnake, Willard's rattler
1430:
1350:
1273:
A Field Guide to
Western Reptiles and Amphibians, Third Edition
698:
Hammerson, G.A.; Vazquez DĂaz, J.; Quintero DĂaz, G.E. (2007).
693:
691:
689:
830:
http://www.reptilesofaz.org/Snakes-Subpages/h-c-willardi.html
887:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UNiversity Press. xiii + 296 pp.
1152:. Eagle Mountain, Utah: Eagle Mountain Publishing. 596 pp.
532:
1324:
1243:
Reptiles of North
America: A Guide to Field Identification
1337:
883:
Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
1314:
819:, pp. 1034-1037, Figures 294-295 + Map 67 on p. 951).
1225:
Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada
517:, venom discharge yields are low; thus, the largely
412:
are secure, the New Mexico ridge-nosed rattlesnake (
1359:
1311:
Taxonomy of the New
Mexican Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake
805:Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada
787:". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
428:. Remaining populations are scattered throughout
1331:US Fish & Wildlife Service Species Profile:
1038:The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere
1321:International Biopark: Ridge-nosed Rattelsnake
8:
972:2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)
943:Campbell, Sheldon; Shaw, Charles E. (1974).
723:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T62253A12584209.en
1213:, new species, pp. 18–19 + Plate III).
500:occurs from late summer to early fall, and
1347:
1184:. Tempe, Arizona: Tricolor Books. 129 pp.
673:Southeastern Arizona, and northern Sonora
217:
61:
42:
31:
1227:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp. (
1012:. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp.
721:
1204:Field Columbian Museum Zoölogical Series
338:are currently recognized, including the
1180:Hubbs, Brian; O'Connor Brendan (2012).
923:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
850:Arizona Rattlesnakes: Rattlesnake Facts
685:
369:is a rather small rattlesnake with all
909:
907:
905:
505:reproduce every second or third year.
398:is classified as Least Concern on the
1097:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp.
468:. The young feed primarily on large
298:. This snake is found mainly in the "
7:
1604:Fauna of the Sierra Madre Occidental
1287:, p. 418 + Plate 52 + Map 188).
1584:IUCN Red List least concern species
1010:Living Snakes of the World in Color
709:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
648:Chihuahuan ridge-nosed rattlesnake
619:New Mexico ridge-nosed rattlesnake
513:Due to the generally small size of
1245:. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp.
25:
885:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
587:Southern ridge-nosed rattlesnake
563:Del Nido ridge-nosed rattlesnake
436:and the northern part of Mexico.
1338:U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
1109:, pp. 695–696 + Plate 643).
855:Arizona Game and Fish Department
670:Arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake
86:
996:Holycross & Goldberg, 2001.
622:The US in extreme southeastern
544:
541:
538:
535:
651:Western Chihuahua and eastern
403:Red List of Threatened Species
330:Originally described in 1905,
1:
1305:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
978:. Accessed 13 September 2007.
1340:. Accessed 12 December 2007.
1327:. Accessed 12 December 2007.
1317:. Accessed 12 December 2007.
1307:. Accessed 12 December 2007.
426:US Fish and Wildlife Service
1231:, p. 311, Figure 103).
1209:(1): 1-19 + Plates I-III. (
945:Snakes of The American West
1620:
1599:Reptiles described in 1905
1129:Crotalus willardi obscurus
408:Although four of the five
344:Crotalus willardi willardi
290:found in the southwestern
248:Crotalus willardi willardi
18:Crotalus willardi willardi
1170:(Serpentes: Viperidae)".
626:and extreme southwestern
484:Like other rattlesnakes,
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191:
83:Scientific classification
81:
59:
50:
41:
34:
566:Mexico in north-central
987:Holycross et al., 2002.
1131:)". pp. 243–251.
1150:Biology of the Vipers
716:: e.T62253A12584209.
418:endangered subspecies
1265:, pp. 206–207).
590:Mexico in southern
438:Habitat destruction
390:Conservation status
340:nominate subspecies
53:Conservation status
1594:Symbols of Arizona
1196:, pp. 58–61).
1148:(editors) (2002).
917:Crotalus willardi
835:2016-08-11 at the
576:C. w. meridionalis
346:, described here.
1571:
1570:
1543:Open Tree of Life
1405:Crotalus_willardi
1391:Crotalus willardi
1361:Crotalus willardi
1353:Taxon identifiers
1333:Crotalus willardi
1300:Crotalus willardi
1285:Crotalus willardi
1281:978-0-395-98272-3
1263:Crotalus willardi
1229:Crotalus willardi
1211:Crotalus willardi
1194:Crotalus willardi
1190:978-0-9754641-3-7
1168:Crotalus willardi
1107:Crotalus willardi
958:978-0-394-48882-0
897:Crotalus willardi
893:978-1-4214-0135-5
817:Crotalus willardi
785:Crotalus willardi
702:Crotalus willardi
677:
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594:and southwestern
545:Geographic range
444:Behavior and diet
367:Crotalus willardi
332:Crotalus willardi
277:Crotalus willardi
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202:Crotalus willardi
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329:
319:
313:
276:
275:
274:
267:
266:
247:
235:
201:
199:
183:
182:
170:
35:
29:
1504:NatureServe
1452:iNaturalist
1385:Wikispecies
1269:Stebbins RC
1164:Goldberg SR
1030:Campbell JA
1006:Mehrtens JM
748:Campbell JA
729:19 November
640:C. w. silus
536:Subspecies
515:C. willardi
486:C. willardi
474:Scolopendra
450:C. willardi
396:C. willardi
383:C. willardi
362:Description
1578:Categories
1217:Schmidt KP
1177:: 473-481.
1138:Schuett GW
1125:Douglas ME
1117:Painter CW
1058:Klauber LM
899:, p. 286).
860:2019-05-16
766:(series).
680:References
628:New Mexico
529:Subspecies
498:Copulation
494:viviparous
470:centipedes
466:centipedes
430:New Mexico
422:threatened
410:subspecies
371:subspecies
336:subspecies
300:sky island
146:Suborder:
1146:Greene HW
1142:Höggren M
1121:Barker DG
1087:Behler JL
801:Wright AA
797:Wright AH
774:(volume).
596:Zacatecas
568:Chihuahua
519:hemotoxic
502:gestation
310:Etymology
285:pit viper
178:Species:
160:Viperidae
150:Serpentes
106:Kingdom:
100:Eukaryota
1589:Crotalus
1561:willardi
1509:2.102294
1470:10803183
1376:Q1517877
1370:Wikidata
1271:(2003).
1241:(1982).
1235:Smith HM
1223:(1941).
1221:Davis DD
1093:(1979).
1060:(1997).
1036:(2004).
1034:Lamar WW
1008:(1987).
833:Archived
803:(1957).
754:(1999).
558:Anderson
416:) is an
326:Taxonomy
320:willardi
282:venomous
227:Synonyms
171:Crotalus
156:Family:
140:Squamata
130:Reptilia
120:Chordata
116:Phylum:
110:Animalia
96:Domain:
73:IUCN 3.1
1444:2444415
1325:Biopark
1303:at the
1200:Meek SE
1091:King FW
974:at the
752:Touré T
667:, 1905
624:Arizona
616:, 1974
614:Simmons
592:Durango
584:, 1949
582:Klauber
560:, 1962
458:lizards
454:mammals
434:Arizona
424:by the
378:Habitat
356:Arizona
304:Arizona
288:species
254:Klauber
166:Genus:
136:Order:
126:Class:
71: (
1548:899047
1522:125876
1483:174320
1431:455016
1279:
1257:
1249:
1188:
1172:Copeia
1156:
1101:
1068:
1044:
1016:
955:
928:16 May
891:
811:
770:
762:
653:Sonora
632:Sonora
612:&
610:Harris
296:Mexico
256:, 1949
243:, 1905
211:, 1905
1535:98430
1496:62253
1465:IRMNG
1457:30705
509:Venom
462:birds
280:is a
1517:NCBI
1491:IUCN
1478:ITIS
1439:GBIF
1418:ZPDR
1277:ISBN
1255:ISBN
1247:ISBN
1186:ISBN
1175:2001
1154:ISBN
1099:ISBN
1066:ISBN
1042:ISBN
1014:ISBN
953:ISBN
930:2007
889:ISBN
815:). (
809:ISBN
768:ISBN
760:ISBN
731:2021
714:2007
665:Meek
523:bite
400:IUCN
314:The
294:and
241:Meek
209:Meek
1426:EoL
1413:CoL
1400:ADW
1336:at
1323:at
1313:at
1283:. (
1192:. (
1134:In:
1105:. (
895:. (
718:doi
488:is
354:of
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915:"
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