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following completion of the Big Bend Dam flooded much of this bottomland. It also forced relocation of Fort
Thompson and other settlements. Loss of the most productive, fertile bottomlands worsened the economic conditions for the Mdewakanton and other Native Americans. Allotment and land sales since
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was the oldest member of the Crow Creek Sioux Tribe at his death at age 99 in
November 2015; he had been inducted into the South Dakota Hall of Fame in 1991. He had extensive knowledge of Native American laws and treaties, as well as the Dakota Sioux language. Ashley helped in developing the 1948
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Site has revealed evidence of fierce conflict between Native
American cultures about 1325 CE, likely when they were competing for resources at a time of climate and habitat change. They are believed to have been Siouan-speaking and Caddoan-speaking indigenous peoples who were ancestral to known
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is an archeological site consisting of six miles of burial mounds along the river, constructed from c. 800 CE. They have yielded evidence of some of the first pottery makers on the plains. During salvage excavation of one site, some older materials were radiocarbon dated to c. 2450 BCE, showing
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The land was poorly suited for people accustomed to their former woodland terrain, as it was dry and lacked game for hunting. For six weeks after their arrival at Crow Creek, three or four expelled people died every day from starvation or disease. This caused the Santee and Ho-Chunk to flee the
594:(1915–1983), Yanktonai, modernist painter. Howe was born and grew up on the Crow Creek Reservation. He received many honors, including being chosen as Artist Laureate of South Dakota. More than 20 Oscar Howe originals are on display at the Oscar Howe Art Center in
452:, originally part of the Great Sioux Reservation, is located on the west bank of the Missouri River. It is directly across from the Crow Creek Reservation. Its people also lost fertile bottomlands in the flooding that accompanied the construction of the dam.
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The tribe operates the Lode Star Casino and Hotel on its reservation, attracting tourists and area residents. The archeological sites are also featured for heritage tourism. Recreational travelers use Lake Sharpe's fishing and boating.
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The reservation and the Crow Creek Sioux Tribe is organized into three districts. The tribe runs its own school, the Crow Creek Tribal
Schools system, with an elementary school at Fort Thompson and a K-12 boarding and day school at
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In 2002 a monument was dedicated at Big Bend Dam. The Spirit of the Circle
Monument honors the more than 1,300 people who died of malnutrition and exposure over a three-year period in the 1860s at the reservation after the
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the late nineteenth century had reduced the amount of land in both tribal and Indian ownership, and the size of the
Reservation was reduced by governmental action between its establishment in 1862 and modern times.
441:, approximately 10 miles (16 km) north of Fort Thompson. The tribe leases most of its land for grazing to a few large ranching families, as it is not suitable for subsistence farming. Unemployment is high.
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constitution and by-laws (red book), which the Crow Creek Sioux Tribe has used since it established elected government. In his state position, he worked on leadership and training for tribal councils.
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observed a "day of reconciliation". He repudiated his predecessor's encouragement of vigilante violence against innocent people, and offered condolences to descendants who had lost ancestors in the
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and other infectious disease epidemics in the 18th century. Surviving Mandan, Hidatsa and
Arikara moved northwest and formed the Affiliated Tribes, whose descendants have occupied the
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by all districts. Council members are elected two each from three districts. The Tribal
Council elects from within a vice-chairman, Treasurer and Secretary.
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an international Native
American studies journal. She is also a traditional dancer on the powwow circuit. Cook-Lynn grew up on the Crow Creek Reservation.
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in North Dakota. Today several former Mandan and
Arikara villages within the Crow Creek Reservation are preserved as archaeological sites.
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Some Yankton and lower Yanktonai Dakota also reside on the reservation. Although some writers consider this to have been part of the
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for 20 years before becoming a full-time writer. She is the author of two novels and a collection of short stories. She edits the
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Election of all six council members and the chair are held every two years on the third Tuesday in April. The chairman is elected
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Bamforth, Douglas and Curtis Nepstad-Thornberry, 2007. "Reconsidering the Occupational History of the Crow Creek Site (39BF11)",
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Indiana University Bloomington, American Indian Studies Research Institute, English-Dakota Dictionary, "Crow Creek people "
85:
376:, which was established west of the Missouri River, the Crow Creek Reservation, founded in 1862, has always been separate.
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nation, who had also been forced to relocate to Crow Creek by an act of Congress—even though they were uninvolved in the
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population of 2,225 persons. The major town and capital of the federally recognized Crow Creek Sioux Tribe is
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had called for the extermination or removal of the Dakota people from Minnesota, his modern-day successor
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The reservation originally included bottomlands along the Missouri, which had been farmed previously by
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after all reservations in the southern part of that state were abolished in December 1862 following the
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Within the reservation are two pre-contact archeological sites that have been designated as
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Environmental Assessment, Crow Creek Tribal School, Nathan A. Barton, Wasteline, Inc. 2004.
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598:. One of his works was adapted as a tapestry that hangs behind the altar at the chapel at
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in the United States. It has a land area of 421.658 square miles (1,092.09 km) and a
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Dates of Constitutional amendments: February 25, 1963, June 23, 1980, February 4, 1986
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Bands: Mdewakanton (People of Spirit Lake), Ihanktonwan (People of the End)
667:(2nd ed.). Bloomington, IN: Lakota Language Consortium. p. 900.
1713:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
1529:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
1295:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
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968:
Crow Creek Sioux Tribe Infrastructure Development Trust Fund Act of 1996
962:"Crow Creek: Stolen Lands, Wind Farms and Taking a Stand for the People"
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Monuments and Commemorations of the Dakota War of 1862 and its Aftermath
505:
Reservation: Crow Creek Reservation; Buffalo, Hyde, and Hughes counties
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The people of the Crow Creek Sioux Tribe are mostly descendants of the
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469:. Deaths in early years at Crow Creek included many members of the
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of south and central present-day Minnesota. They were expelled from
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in north-central Nebraska and the Ho-Chunk settling on part of the
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Crow Creek Sioux Tribe of the Crow Creek Reservation, South Dakota
369:, northeast Nebraska, later purchasing that part from the Omaha.
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South Dakota Tribal Government Relations: Crow Creek Sioux Tribe
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626:, world-rated professional boxer, has some roots at Crow Creek.
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reservation downriver, the Santee settling at what is now the
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No reservation in the state, trust lands or legal status only
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893:"Dayton repudiates Ramsey's call to exterminate Dakota"
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Name of Governing Body: Crow Creek Sioux Tribal Council
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321:Mainstem reservoirs constructed by the US Army
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828:University of South Dakota Press: Vermillion.
526:Enrolled members living on reservation: 1,230
412:nearly 5,000 years of indigenous settlement.
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1783:American Indian reservations in South Dakota
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539:Charter: None; Constitution and Bylaws: Yes
105:Location of Crow Creek Indian Reservation,
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788:National Historic Landmark summary listing
554:Number of Executive Officers: (1) Chairman
548:Number of members: six (6) council members
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30:Reservation in South Dakota, United States
1763:Geography of Buffalo County, South Dakota
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514:Land Area: 125,591 acres (508.25 km)
173:196.235 sq mi (508.248 km)
1768:Geography of Hughes County, South Dakota
824:Gregg, John B. and Pauline Gregg, 1987.
915:"Champion of Excellence: Vernon Ashley"
790:. National Park Service. Archived from
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578:Regular meetings are held once a month.
480:On May 10, 2013, about 150 years after
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1773:Geography of Hyde County, South Dakota
826:Dry Bones: Dakota Territory Reflected.
517:Tribal Headquarters: Fort Thompson, SD
759:"Thompson, Clark Wallace (1825–1885)"
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1753:Archaeological sites in South Dakota
943:Crow Creek Reservation, South Dakota
870:"Ho-Chunk and Blue Earth, 1855–1863"
305:The town is located adjacent to the
1589:Municipalities and communities of
1355:Municipalities and communities of
1156:Municipalities and communities of
25:
286:counties on the east bank of the
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917:. South Dakota Hall of Fame. n.d
732:"Crow Creek Sioux Tribe History"
428:The 20th-century development of
393:Fort Berthold Indian Reservation
157: • Governing body
99:
84:
838:Melmer, David (June 19, 2002).
160:Crow Creek Sioux Tribal Council
618:Wicazo Sa (Red Pencil) Review,
450:Lower Brule Indian Reservation
1:
1699:Crow Creek Indian Reservation
1469:Crow Creek Indian Reservation
1281:Crow Creek Indian Reservation
542:Date Approved: April 26, 1949
242:Crow Creek Indian Reservation
37:Crow Creek Indian Reservation
1159:Buffalo County, South Dakota
964:, NDN News, 19 December 2009
523:Traditional Language: Dakota
1358:Hughes County, South Dakota
945:United States Census Bureau
891:Stubbe, Glen (2 May 2013).
708:Steil, Mark (26 Sep 2002).
529:Major industry: Agriculture
405:National Historic Landmarks
1804:
840:"Dakota sacrifice honored"
663:Ullrich, Jan, ed. (2011).
600:St. Joseph's Indian School
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1592:Hyde County, South Dakota
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604:Chamberlain, South Dakota
508:Division: Santee, Yankton
363:Santee Indian Reservation
274:) is located in parts of
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738:. Crow Creek Sioux Tribe
581:Quorum number: 4 members
367:Omaha Indian Reservation
339:Mdewakanton Dakota Tribe
614:Native American Studies
465:had been expelled from
424:20th century to present
374:Great Sioux Reservation
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1788:Crow Creek Sioux Tribe
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956:Crow Creek Reservation
784:"Fort Thompson Mounds"
736:Crow Creek Connections
710:"Exiled at Crow Creek"
596:Mitchell, South Dakota
586:Notable tribal members
264:Crow Creek Sioux Tribe
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991:44.12889°N 99.47389°W
813:Plains Anthropologist
665:New Lakota Dictionary
209: • Summer (
1731:United States portal
1547:United States portal
1313:United States portal
844:Indian Country Today
409:Fort Thompson Mounds
1724:South Dakota portal
1540:South Dakota portal
1306:South Dakota portal
1043:Indian reservations
996:44.12889; -99.47389
987: /
850:on December 2, 2008
644:Crow Creek massacre
610:Elizabeth Cook-Lynn
417:Crow Creek Massacre
347:Santee Dakota Tribe
317:), one of the four
309:, which holds back
259:Kȟaŋğí Wakpá Oyáŋke
56:Kȟaŋğí Wakpá Oyáŋke
1778:Dakota War of 1862
1691:Indian reservation
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1461:Indian reservation
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1273:Indian reservation
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958:, official website
520:Time Zone: Central
500:Tribal information
494:Dakota War of 1862
484:'s State Governor
475:Dakota War of 1862
323:Corps of Engineers
311:Big Bend Reservoir
250:Khąǧí wakpá okášpe
183: • Total
170: • Total
42:Khąǧí Wakpá Okášpe
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1498:Other communities
1416:Hughes County map
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1263:Southeast Buffalo
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1083:Northern Cheyenne
815:52 (202:153-173).
674:978-0-9761082-9-0
420:historic tribes.
345:, along with the
272:Khąǧí wakpá oyáte
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919:. Retrieved
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128:South Dakota
107:South Dakota
1607:County seat
1373:County seat
1245:territories
1243:Unorganized
1204:Gann Valley
1181:Gann Valley
1174:County seat
1078:Lower Brule
994: /
490:Mark Dayton
430:Lake Sharpe
315:Lake Sharpe
296:2000 census
290:in central
262:), home to
74:Reservation
1747:Categories
1488:Oahe Acres
1253:Crow Creek
1088:Pine Ridge
1063:Crow Creek
982:99°28′26″W
979:44°07′44″N
934:References
899:29 October
876:29 October
872:. MNopedia
854:2008-09-27
798:2008-06-22
768:28 October
742:28 October
716:29 October
683:2008922508
624:Shawn Hawk
592:Oscar Howe
534:Government
355:Dakota War
178:Population
152:Government
1709:Footnotes
1673:community
1525:Footnotes
1516:Joe Creek
1291:Footnotes
1068:Flandreau
559:Elections
482:Minnesota
467:Minnesota
343:Minnesota
192:Time zone
1681:Holabird
1632:Highmore
1614:Highmore
1443:Township
1225:Township
763:MNopedia
638:See also
566:at-large
471:Ho-Chunk
389:smallpox
319:Missouri
134:Counties
1661:Stephan
1511:De Grey
1506:Canning
1433:Harrold
1108:Yankton
1093:Rosebud
921:28 June
612:taught
439:Stephan
385:Arikara
333:History
325:in the
276:Buffalo
229:Website
138:Buffalo
114:Country
1403:Pierre
1390:Cities
1380:Pierre
1233:Elvira
681:
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381:Mandan
282:, and
280:Hughes
268:Dakota
255:Lakota
246:Dakota
142:Hughes
63:Lakota
59:
49:Dakota
45:
1671:Other
1398:Blunt
712:. MPR
650:Notes
218:UTC-5
197:UTC-6
186:1,230
124:State
1624:City
1425:Town
1191:CDPs
923:2021
901:2021
878:2021
770:2021
744:2021
718:2021
697:Link
679:LCCN
669:ISBN
448:The
415:The
383:and
349:and
284:Hyde
240:The
165:Area
146:Hyde
90:Flag
1653:CDP
1480:CDP
1045:in
602:in
222:CDT
211:DST
201:CST
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