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324:. By the 1820s he was in his 60s and very rich, but rather than retiring from property development he decided to undertake a major speculative project on the East Sussex coast west of the ancient town of Hastings. Although it is not known for certain why he chose this location, Hastings had grown rapidly in popularity in the early 19th century—prompted in part by the beauty of its undeveloped surroundings—and Burton is known to have visited the area in 1815, the year in which an influential guidebook to "watering-places" was republished.
387:, 21-gun salute, public addresses, banquets and other festivities. The visit, which was "an outstanding success", concluded on 29 January 1835 when the princesses returned to London. "Such royal patronage was exactly what Burton had hoped for, as it assured the success of his new town as a fashionable watering place on the coast." Burton renamed the building Victoria House after this visit, but the name was changed back to Crown House after Victoria became Queen in 1837. Burton died in March of that year and was buried at the nearby
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339:. The transaction was completed on 27 February 1828 at a cost of ÂŁ7,800. The site included a steep, wooded valley and a flat sea-facing swathe of fields; it lay across the boundary of St Leonard's and St Mary Magdalene's parishes. The former was named after one of Hastings' ancient parish churches which disappeared several centuries previously, while the medieval
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445:
The central seafront of St
Leonards-on-Sea is dominated by tall Regency-style terraces built between the early 1830s and the mid-1850s, all designed by James Burton. Crown House forms an "atypical break in the overall composition" through its shorter height and "architectural expressiveness". "Much
346:
Work began on the new town in early 1828, when proposals for a crescent of "commodious residences for large respectable families" were announced, as well as a new road which would reduce the length of the journey from London to the coast by 2 miles (3.2 km). By April 1828, though, work on
379:
to lay the foundation stone of a new school designed by
Decimus Burton. At the ceremony he described "the delights of his father's new town" and encouraged them to spend the winter in St Leonards-on-Sea; and James Burton followed this up with an invitation for them to stay at Crown House.
367:, who had opposed his father's elaborate plans for the new town and was concerned that he had overspent—potentially bringing ruin upon the family—decided that "a royal visit would give the town the push it needed" to thrive. In August 1834 the Duchess of Kent
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structure of the building was assembled in London, at Burton's own workshops; because of the poor condition of the roads locally, the completed framework and the other materials required to finish the building were transported by sea on a
430:
as Grade II* on 19 January 1951. This defines it as a "particularly important" building of "more than special interest". As of
February 2001, it was one of 13 Grade II* listed buildings, and 535 listed buildings of all grades, in the
394:
The building was damaged during World War II in a bombing raid which also destroyed the neighbouring hotel. Demolition was proposed in 1950 because of its poor condition: Hastings
Borough Council voted against it being statutorily
1422:
458:; the ground floor has a series of recessed painted panels flanking the windows, which are also set in recessed panels with segmental-headed arches. The central entrance door is also set back. At first-floor level, fluted
989:
269:, and he used it as his own house. Intended as "a high-class watering place by the sea, along the best lines for the best people", St Leonards-on-Sea was overshadowed by its larger neighbour
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and was merged into that town before the end of the 19th century, but Burton's venture was initially successful—particularly after a Royal visit in 1834–35 when the
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on the coast of East Sussex, England. It was the first building completed in the town, which was planned and laid out by architect and property developer
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James Burton was one of the most successful builders and property developers of the late 18th and early 19th centuries: he built extensively in the
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524:"Proposed change of use of Crown House, 57 Marina, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex: Design and Access Statement with Statement of Significance"
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as Grade II* for its architectural and historical importance, and lies within one of
Hastings Borough Council's designated conservation areas.
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406:, the government department responsible for heritage assets at that time. By 1952 Crown House had been restored and ownership passed to the
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to
Hastings and were then conveyed to the site on horse-drawn wagons. The building contractor was "Yorky" Smith, who had built several
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on the East Sussex coast before moving to
Hastings and "play an important part in the physical development" of the area.
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418:. The premises included a function room and a restaurant. This closed by 2013 and residential conversion followed.
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smaller and more elegant" than the adjacent terraces and the "crass" postwar block immediately to its west, it is a
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Burton's own house had taken precedence after plans for the seafront crescent were altered. The
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of St Mary
Magdalene gave its name to the latter, first described in the mid-17th century.
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Land belonging to the former manor of
Gensing, between Hastings and the former
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The building is part of the St
Leonards West Conservation Area, one of 18
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804:"Crown House, 57 Marina, St Leonards-on-Sea (Grade II*) (1043436)"
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335:, became available in 1827, and Burton purchased a large site from the
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983:"St Leonards-on-Sea: Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan"
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1124:. Vol. 9. Folkestone: Dawsons of Pall Mall (originally Oxford:
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They arrived on 4 November 1834 to much public acclaim, with a
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531:
Hastings Borough Council planning application HS/LB/12/00938
988:. Drury McPherson Partnership. October 2018. p. 29.
895:"Images of England — Statistics by County (East Sussex)"
567:"Oxford DNB article: Burton [Haliburton], James"
228:
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Despite this, it was listed the following year by the
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Church of St Thomas of Canterbury and English Martyrs
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490:railing" runs across the width of the first floor.
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1122:The Victoria Histories of the Counties of England
450:building of two storeys with a symmetrical three-
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474:in the middle. There are three windows: a tall
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257:) is a residential building on the seafront of
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281:stayed at Crown House throughout the winter.
8:
576:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
19:For other buildings with the same name, see
1955:James Burton (property developer) buildings
1669:St Leonards Warrior Square railway station
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187:Crown House, 57 Marina, St Leonards-on-Sea
27:
1935:Grade II* listed buildings in East Sussex
931:"Conservation Area 04 – St Leonards West"
618:
616:
533:. Hastings Borough Council. November 2012
369:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
1463:St Leonards-on-Sea Congregational Church
1167:. Hastings: The Hastings Publishing Co.
779:
726:
714:
1694:Hastings and District Electric Tramways
1674:St Leonards West Marina railway station
1443:Robertson Street United Reformed Church
681:
679:
573:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
515:
1151:
1141:
755:
702:
622:
500:Grade II* listed buildings in Hastings
236:Location of Crown House in East Sussex
316:areas of London and worked alongside
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190:
182:
172:
7:
1930:Buildings and structures in Hastings
1715:Hastings & St. Leonards Observer
911:from the original on 23 October 2012
1098:. Chichester: Phillimore & Co.
1041:Sussex: East with Brighton and Hove
1428:Ebenezer Particular Baptist Chapel
1066:. St Leonards-on-Sea: Ken Brooks.
959:. Hastings Borough Council. 2020.
933:. Hastings Borough Council. 2020.
809:National Heritage List for England
454:façade. The walls are of painted
14:
1843:Old Roar Gill and Coronation Wood
1047:. London: Yale University Press.
564:Bowdler, Roger (8 January 2009).
49:Crown House pictured in June 2015
1684:West St Leonards railway station
1493:Wellington Square Baptist Church
1189:
995:from the original on 29 May 2020
963:from the original on 29 May 2020
937:from the original on 29 May 2020
845:from the original on 28 May 2024
227:
220:
43:
1960:Regency architecture in England
1448:St John the Evangelist's Church
1314:Hastings Museum and Art Gallery
1196:Crown House, St Leonards-on-Sea
1570:Hastings Open Bowls Tournament
1478:St Mary Star of the Sea Church
1453:St Leonard's Church (Anglican)
1081:Manwaring Baines, J. (1990) .
371:and her then teenage daughter
284:The house, an "elegant" three-
129:Private house for James Burton
1:
1458:St Leonard's Church (Baptist)
1354:Priory Meadow Shopping Centre
835:WhatPub national pub database
293:
1889:International Chess Congress
1064:Around Hastings Then and Now
607:UK public library membership
470:whose parapet has a shallow
442:in the borough of Hastings.
1639:Bulverhythe railway station
1580:Horntye Park Sports Complex
1339:Observer Building, Hastings
1309:Hastings Fishermen's Museum
462:columns rise to support an
16:House in the United Kingdom
1976:
1654:Hastings Miniature Railway
1555:East Sussex Cricket Ground
1534:University Centre Hastings
1473:St Mary Magdalene's Church
1402:All Souls Church, Hastings
1165:Hastings: a Living History
1085:(2nd ed.). Hastings:
486:to each side. A "delicate
478:in the centre, flanked by
18:
1550:Central Recreation Ground
1433:Hastings Unitarian Church
1019:Antram & Pevsner 2013
422:Architecture and heritage
408:National Assistance Board
261:, a 19th-century planned
215:
211:
207:
169:
42:
35:
1950:Houses completed in 1828
1699:Trolleybuses in Hastings
1690:Trams & Trolleybuses
1659:Hastings railway station
1590:South Saxons Hockey Club
1163:Thornton, David (1987).
1045:The Buildings of England
1940:Grade II* listed houses
1879:Beer and Music Festival
1679:West Hill Cliff Railway
1644:East Hill Cliff Railway
1126:Oxford University Press
1560:Hastings Half Marathon
1524:Hastings School of Art
1324:Hastings Power Station
1094:Marchant, Rex (1997).
871:. 2012. Archived from
582:10.1093/ref:odnb/50182
160:Architectural style(s)
1945:Houses in East Sussex
1909:Open Bowls Tournament
1833:Hastings Country Park
1509:Ark Alexandra Academy
1304:Hastings Contemporary
839:Campaign for Real Ale
768:Manwaring Baines 1990
739:Manwaring Baines 1990
686:Manwaring Baines 1990
671:Manwaring Baines 1990
647:Manwaring Baines 1990
635:Manwaring Baines 1990
552:Manwaring Baines 1990
377:Royal Tunbridge Wells
1838:Marline Valley Woods
1198:at Wikimedia Commons
1083:Burton's St Leonards
1062:Brooks, Ken (2004).
957:"Conservation Areas"
1795:Parks & Gardens
1729:Areas & Suburbs
1720:More Radio Hastings
1664:Ore railway station
1529:St Leonards Academy
1514:East Sussex College
1483:St Matthew's Church
1438:Holy Trinity Church
1388:Religious Buildings
1118:A History of Sussex
1114:Salzman (ed.), L.F.
841:. 24 October 2013.
729:, pp. 254–255.
433:borough of Hastings
389:St Leonard's Church
337:Eversfield baronets
249:(formerly known as
88: /
1781:St Leonards-on-Sea
1565:Hastings Priory CC
1418:Church in the Wood
1374:White Rock Theatre
1329:Hastings Town Hall
1258:MP: Sally-Ann Hart
1154:has generic name (
1035:Antram, Nicholas;
875:on 26 January 2013
865:"Listed Buildings"
659:Salzman (ed.) 1973
440:conservation areas
259:St Leonards-on-Sea
200:Reference no.
92:50.8509°N 0.5525°E
60:St Leonards-on-Sea
1917:
1916:
1863:Summerfields Wood
1595:St. Leonards F.C.
1488:St Peter's Church
1396:Places of Worship
1289:Conquest Hospital
1284:Brassey Institute
1194:Media related to
1054:978-0-300-18473-0
1037:Pevsner, Nikolaus
900:Images of England
741:, pp. 38–41.
717:, pp. 63–64.
637:, pp. 10–11.
605:(Subscription or
591:978-0-19-861412-8
482:, and pilastered
404:Ministry of Works
373:Princess Victoria
322:Regency architect
244:
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1967:
1899:Musical Festival
1519:Hastings Academy
1468:St Luke's Church
1359:St Leonards Pier
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277:and the future
275:Duchess of Kent
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195:19 January 1951
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365:Decimus Burton
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279:Queen Victoria
263:seaside resort
255:Victoria House
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831:"Crown House"
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782:, p. 64.
781:
780:Marchant 1997
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711:
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296:2013. It is
291:
288:villa in the
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1848:Robsack Wood
1394:
1369:Summerfields
1334:Marine Court
1293:
1274:Baston Lodge
1248:Constituency
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1028:Bibliography
997:. Retrieved
977:
965:. Retrieved
951:
939:. Retrieved
925:
913:. Retrieved
898:
889:
877:. Retrieved
873:the original
859:
847:. Retrieved
834:
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813:. Retrieved
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666:
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595:. Retrieved
571:
559:
554:, p. 9.
547:
535:. Retrieved
530:
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488:wrought iron
444:
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345:
326:
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283:
267:James Burton
254:
250:
246:
245:
154:James Burton
126:Original use
112:James Burton
25:
1894:May Day Run
1818:Church Wood
1771:Rock-a-Nore
1746:Bulverhythe
1585:Pilot Field
1412:St Leonards
1294:Crown House
1232:Borough of
1152:|last=
915:27 December
756:Brooks 2004
703:Brooks 2004
623:Brooks 2004
484:bay windows
464:entablature
416:Crown House
333:Bulverhythe
329:Cinque Port
247:Crown House
178:– Grade II*
142:Current use
95: /
71:Coordinates
64:East Sussex
58:57 Marina,
31:Crown House
21:Crown House
1924:Categories
1776:Silverhill
1756:Hollington
1379:Windycroft
879:24 January
609:required.)
506:References
310:Bloomsbury
251:West Villa
192:Designated
80:50°51′03″N
36:West Villa
1786:The Stade
1604:Transport
1502:Education
1344:Ore Place
1267:Buildings
1144:cite book
1116:(1973) .
849:1 January
815:1 January
597:1 January
537:1 January
511:Citations
480:pilasters
318:John Nash
164:Classical
150:Architect
83:0°33′09″E
1761:Old Town
1741:Baldslow
1364:Stag Inn
1234:Hastings
1039:(2013).
990:Archived
961:Archived
935:Archived
909:Archived
907:. 2007.
843:Archived
494:See also
472:pediment
375:were in
341:Hospital
271:Hastings
134:Restored
66:TN38 0BE
55:Location
1751:Gensing
468:cornice
304:History
203:1043436
137:1951–52
108:Founder
1872:Events
1171:
1132:
1102:
1070:
1051:
999:29 May
967:29 May
941:29 May
603:
588:
456:stucco
428:listed
397:listed
298:listed
1708:Media
1629:A2100
1610:Roads
1543:Sport
993:(PDF)
986:(PDF)
758:, §7.
705:, §6.
625:, §3.
527:(PDF)
460:Ionic
354:sloop
118:Built
1635:Rail
1624:A259
1169:ISBN
1156:help
1130:ISBN
1100:ISBN
1068:ISBN
1049:ISBN
1001:2020
969:2020
943:2020
917:2012
881:2013
851:2019
817:2019
599:2019
586:ISBN
539:2019
476:sash
466:and
435:.
312:and
253:and
121:1828
1766:Ore
1619:A28
1614:A21
1408:Ore
1128:).
578:doi
452:bay
412:pub
331:of
286:bay
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580::
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23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
