Fossa (animal) - Knowledge

1346: 1698:(9%), lizards (9%), and birds (2%). Seeds, which comprised 5% of the diet, may have been in the stomachs of the lemurs eaten, or may have been consumed with fruit taken for water, as seeds were more common in the stomach in the dry season. The average prey size varies geographically; it is only 40 grams (1.4 oz) in the high mountains of Andringitra, in contrast to 480 grams (17 oz) in humid forests and over 1,000 grams (35 oz) in dry deciduous forests. In a study of fossa diet in the dry deciduous forest of western Madagascar, more than 90% of prey items were vertebrates, and more than 50% were lemurs. The primary diet consisted of approximately six lemur species and two or three spiny tenrec species, along with snakes and small mammals. Generally, the fossa preys upon larger lemurs and rodents in preference to smaller ones. 1761:, which may be enforced by the male's spiny penis. The tie is difficult to break if the mating session is interrupted. Copulation with a single male may be repeated several times, with a total mating time of up to fourteen hours, while the male may remain with the female for up to an hour after the mating. A single female may occupy the tree for up to a week, mating with multiple males over that time. Also, other females may take her place, mating with some of the same males as well as others. This mating strategy, whereby the females monopolize a site and maximize the available number of mates, seems to be unique among carnivores. Recent research suggests that this system helps the fossa overcome factors which would normally impede mate-finding, such as low population density and lack of den use. 1643: 257: 1271:, with adult males (weighing 6.2–8.6 kg or 14–19 lb) being larger than females (5.5–6.8 kg or 12–15 lb). Smaller individuals are typically found north and east on Madagascar, larger ones to the south and west. Unusually large individuals weighing up to 20 kg (44 lb) have been reported, but there is some doubt as to the reliability of the measurements. The fossa can smell, hear, and see well. It is a robust animal and illnesses are rare in captive fossas. 9672: 126: 1654: 1252: 1754:

resting his body on her slightly off-center, a position requiring delicate balance; if the female were to stand, the male would have significant difficulty continuing. He places his paws on her shoulders or grasps her around the waist and often licks her neck. Mating may last for nearly three hours. This unusually lengthy mating is due to the physical nature of the male's erect penis, which has backwards-pointing spines along most of its length.

1275: 424:-like features. Adults have a head-body length of 70–80 cm (28–31 in) and weigh between 5.5 and 8.6 kg (12 and 19 lb), with the males larger than the females. It has semi-retractable claws (meaning it can extend but not retract its claws fully) and flexible ankles that allow it to climb up and down trees head-first, and also support jumping from tree to tree. A larger relative of the species, 84: 679: 57: 9684: 1776:

open, they become more active, and their fur darkens to a pearl gray. The cubs do not take solid food until three months old, and do not leave the den until they are 4.5 months old; they are weaned shortly after that. After the first year, the juveniles are independent of their mother. Permanent teeth appear at 18 to 20 months. Physical maturity is reached by about two years of age, but

1555: 1876:), the fossa has traditionally been hated and feared as a dangerous animal. It has been described as "greedy and aggressive", known for taking fowl and piglets, and believed to "take little children who walk alone into the forest". Some do not eat it for fear that it will transfer its undesirable qualities to anyone who consumes it. However, the animal is also taken for 1858:. If this is correct, the extinction of the fossa may take as much as 100 years to occur as the species gradually declines. In order for the species to survive, it is estimated that at least 555 km (214 sq mi) is needed to maintain smaller, short-term viable populations, and at least 2,000 km (770 sq mi) for populations of 500 adults. 1724: 1678:, which resemble gray cylinders with twisted ends and measure 10–14 cm (3.9–5.5 in) long by 1.5–2.5 cm (0.6–1.0 in) thick. Scat collected and analyzed from both Andohahela and Andringitra contained lemur matter and rodents. Eastern populations in Andringitra incorporate the widest recorded variety of prey, including both vertebrates and 1630:, the largest of which can weigh as much as 90 percent of the weight of the average fossa. Although it is the predominant predator of lemurs, reports of its dietary habits demonstrate a wide variety of prey selectivity and specialization depending on habitat and season; diet does not vary by sex. While the fossa is thought to be a lemur specialist in 9696: 1314:). The soles of its paws are nearly bare and covered with strong pads. The fossa has very flexible ankles that allow it to readily grasp tree trunks so as to climb up or down trees head first or to leap to another tree. Captive juveniles have been known to swing upside down by their hindfeet from knotted ropes. 1612:

on rocks, trees, and the ground using glands in the anal region and on the chest. They also communicate using face and body expression, but the significance of these signals is uncertain. The animal is aggressive only during mating, and males in particular fight boldly. After a short fight, the loser

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Prey is obtained by hunting either on the ground or in the trees. During the non-breeding season the fossa hunts individually, but during the breeding season hunting parties may be seen, and these may be pairs or later on mothers and young. One member of the group scales a tree and chases the lemurs

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and antagonistic interactions. The female may choose to mate with several of the males, and her choice of mate does not seem to have any correlation to the physical appearance of the males. To stimulate the male to mount her, she gives a series of mewling vocalizations. The male mounts from behind,

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are up to 26 km (10 sq mi) large, compared to 13 km (5.0 sq mi) for females. These ranges overlap—by about 30 percent according to data from the eastern forests—but females usually have separated ranges. Home ranges grow during the dry season, perhaps because less

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The fossa has the most widespread geographical range of the Malagasy carnivores, and is generally found in low numbers throughout the island in remaining tracts of forest, preferring pristine undisturbed forest habitat. It is also encountered in some degraded forests, but in lower numbers. Although

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usually occurs in trees on horizontal limbs about 20 m (66 ft) off the ground. Frequently the same tree is used year after year, with remarkable precision as to the date the season commences. Trees are often near a water source, and have limbs strong enough and wide enough to support the

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This wide variety of prey items taken in various rainforest habitats is similar to the varied dietary composition noted occurring in the dry forests of western Madagascar, as well. As the largest endemic predator on Madagascar, this dietary flexibility combined with a flexible activity pattern has

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increase the risk. For its size, the fossa has a lower than predicted population density, which is further threatened by Madagascar's rapidly disappearing forests and dwindling populations of lemurs, which make up a high proportion of its diet. The loss of the fossa, either locally or completely,

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mating system. Most of the details of reproduction in wild populations are from the western dry deciduous forests; determining whether certain of these details are applicable to eastern populations will require further field research. Mating typically occurs during September and October, although

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Except for mothers with young and occasional observations of pairs of males, animals are usually found alone, so that the species is considered solitary. A 2009 publication, however, reported a detailed observation of cooperative hunting, wherein three male fossas hunted a 3 kg (6.6 lb)

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90 days, with the late mating reports indicating a gestational period of about six to seven weeks. The newborns are blind and toothless and weigh no more than 100 g (3.5 oz). The fur is thin and has been described as gray-brown or nearly white. After about two weeks the cubs' eyes

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suggest that the fossa hunts in a subsection of their range until prey density is decreased, then moves on. The fossa has been reported to prey on domestic animals, such as goats and small calves, and especially chickens. Food taken in captivity includes amphibians, birds, insects, reptiles, and

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from tree to tree, forcing them down to the ground where the other is easily able to capture them. The fossa is known to eviscerate its larger lemur prey, a trait that, along with its distinct scat, helps identify its kills. Long-term observations of the fossa's predation patterns on rainforest

1411:) do not seem to play a part in this transient masculinization, as those levels are the same in masculinized juveniles and non-masculinized adults. It is speculated that the transient masculinization either reduces sexual harassment of juvenile females by adult males, or reduces aggression from 498:. Its classification, along with that of the other Malagasy carnivores, influenced hypotheses about how many times mammalian carnivores have colonized Madagascar. With genetic studies demonstrating that the fossa and all other Malagasy carnivores are most closely related to each other forming a 1607:

Fossas communicate using sounds, scents, and visual signals. Vocalizations include purring, a threatening call, and a call of fear, consisting of "repeated loud, coarse inhalations and gasps of breath". A long, high yelp may function to attract other fossas. Females mew during mating and males

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The fossa has been found across several different elevational gradients in undisturbed portions of protected areas throughout Madagascar. In the Réserve Naturelle Intégrale d'Andringitra, evidence of the fossa has been reported at four different sites ranging from 810 to 1,625 m (2,657 to

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Overall, the fossa has features in common with three different carnivoran families, leading researchers to place it and other members of Eupleridae alternatively in Herpestidae, Viverridae, and Felidae. Felid features are primarily those associated with eating and

1263:-like head, relatively longer than that of a cat, although with a muzzle that is broad and short, and with large but rounded ears. It has medium brown eyes set relatively wide apart with pupils that contract to slits. Like many carnivorans that hunt at night, its 1533:

in dry forests provides less shade, and also because the fossa seems to travel more easily in humid forests. It is absent from areas with the heaviest habitat disturbance and, like most of Madagascar's fauna, from the central high plateau of the country.

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could significantly impact ecosystem dynamics, possibly leading to over-grazing by some of its prey species. The total population of the fossa living within protected areas is estimated at less than 2,500 adults, but this may be an overestimate.

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that hunts small to medium-sized animals. One of eight carnivorous species endemic to Madagascar, the fossa is the island's largest surviving endemic terrestrial mammal and the only predator capable of preying upon adults of all extant

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As many as eight males will be at a mating site, staying in close vicinity to the receptive female. The female seems to choose the male she mates with, and the males compete for the attention of the female with a significant amount of

1570:; activity peaks may occur early in the morning, late in the afternoon, and late in the night. The animal generally does not reuse sleeping sites, but females with young do return to the same den. The home ranges of male fossas in 1801:" (2000) and "Insufficiently Known" (1988, 1990, 1994). The species is dependent on forest and thus threatened by the widespread destruction of Madagascar's native forest but is also able to persist in disturbed areas. A suite of 1694:, and lemurs. Invertebrates eaten by the fossa in the high mountain zone of Andringitra include insects and crabs. One study found that vertebrates comprised 94% of the diet of fossas, with lemurs comprising over 50%, followed by 1764:

The birthing of the litter of one to six (typically two to four) takes place in a concealed location, such as an underground den, a termite mound, a rock crevice, or in the hollow of a large tree (particularly those of the genus

1880:; a study published in 2009 reported that 57 percent of villages (8 of 14 sampled) in the Makira forest consume fossa meat. The animals were typically hunted using slingshots, with dogs, or most commonly, by placing 1613:

flees and is followed by the winner for a short distance. In captivity, fossas are usually not aggressive and sometimes even allow themselves to be stroked by a zookeeper, but adult males in particular may try to bite.

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in Germany acquired one; this zoo later started a successful breeding program, and most zoo fossas now descend from the Duisburg population. Research on the Duisburg fossas has provided much data about their biology.

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is not attained for another year or two, and the young may stay with their mother until they are fully mature. Lifespan in captivity is up to or past 20 years of age, possibly due to the slow juvenile development.

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Several of the animal's physical features are adaptions to climbing through trees. It uses its tail to assist balance and has semi-retractable claws that it uses to climb trees in its search for prey. It has

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fossas travel between 2 and 5 kilometres (1.2 and 3.1 mi) per day, although in one reported case a fossa was observed moving a straight-line distance of 7 km (4.3 mi) in 16 hours.

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Both males and females have short, straight fur that is relatively dense and without spots or patterns. Both sexes are generally a reddish-brown dorsally and colored a dirty cream ventrally. When in

453:, lizards, birds, and other animals are also documented as prey. Mating usually occurs in trees on horizontal limbs and can last for several hours. Litters range from one to six pups, which are born 751:, in 1935. This species was larger than the living fossa (with a body mass estimate roughly twice as great), but otherwise similar. Across Madagascar, people distinguish two kinds of fossa—a large 1508:

vibrissae as well. Its claws are retractile, but unlike those of Felidae species, they are not hidden in skin sheaths. It has three pairs of nipples (one inguinal, one ventral, and one pectoral).

1396:, which decreases in size as the animal grows. The females do not have a pseudo-scrotum, but they do secrete an orange substance that colors their underparts, much like the secretions of males. 1586:, where it is thought to be common, its density has been estimated at one animal per 4 km (1.5 sq mi) in 1998. Another study in the same forest between 1994 and 1996 using the 1900:. However, if they wander into villages in search of domestic fowl, they may be killed or trapped. Small carnivore traps have been observed near chicken runs in the village of Vohiparara. 3427:

Vogler, B.R.; Bailey, C.A.; Shore, G.D.; McGuire, S.M.; Engberg, S.E.; Fickel, J.; Louis, E.E.; Brenneman, R.A. (2009). "Characterization of 26 microsatellite marker loci in the fossa (

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was subsequently confirmed in 1996. Similarly, evidence has been reported of the fossa at the elevational extremes of 440 m (1,440 ft) and 1,875 m (6,152 ft) in the

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Irwin, M.T.; Raharison, J.L.; Wright, P.C. (2009). "Spatial and temporal variability in predation on rainforest primates: do forest fragmentation and predation act synergistically?".

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One of the more peculiar physical features of this species is its external genitalia. The fossa is unique within its family for the shape of its genitalia, which share traits with

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has been controversial. Bennett originally placed the fossa as a type of civet in the family Viverridae, a classification that long remained popular among taxonomists. Its compact

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The fossa appears as a diminutive form of a large felid, such as a cougar, but with a slender body and muscular limbs, and a tail nearly as long as the rest of the body. It has a

759:("reddish fossa")—and a white form has been reported in the southwest. It is unclear whether this is purely folklore or individual variation—related to sex, age or instances of 1546:. The presence of the fossa at these locations indicates its ability to adapt to various elevations, consistent with its reported distribution in all Madagascar forest types. 1329:

which surrounds the anus like a pocket. The pocket opens to the exterior with a horizontal slit below the tail. Other glands are located near the penis or vagina, with the

3733: 1896:), are known to "scavenge on the bodies of ancestors", which are buried in shallow graves in the forest. For this reason, eating these animals is strictly prohibited by 1294:, but this has not been consistently observed by all researchers. The tail tends to be lighter in coloration than the sides. Juveniles are either gray or nearly white. 3595: 9525: 2701: 1267:; the reflected light is orange in hue. Its head-body length is 70–80 cm (28–31 in) and its tail is 65–70 cm (26–28 in) long. There is some 9590: 2844:"Exposure to naturally circulating androgens during foetal life incurs direct reproductive costs in female spotted hyenas, but is prerequisite for male mating" 722:) and are most closely related to Asian and African Herpestidae. To reflect these relationships, all Malagasy carnivorans are now placed in a single family, 1600:) for 45 minutes, and subsequently shared the prey. This behavior may be a vestige of cooperative hunting that would have been required to take down larger 9716: 3474:

Corpa, J.M.; García-Quirós, M.; Casares, M.; Gerique, A.C.; Carbonell, M.D.; Gómez-Muñoz, M.T.; Uzal, F.A.; Ortega, J. (2013). "Encephalomyelitis by

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Although the species is widely distributed, it is locally rare in all regions, making fossas particularly vulnerable to extinction. The effects of

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since 2008, as its population size has probably declined by at least 30 percent between 1987 and 2008; previous assessments have included "

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method indicated a population density of one animal per 3.8 km (1.5 sq mi) and one adult per 5.6 km (2.2 sq mi).

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similar to that of viverrids, but has comparatively larger, round ears, almost as large as those of a similarly sized felid. Its facial

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and colleagues showed that all native Malagasy carnivorans share a common ancestry that excludes other carnivores (meaning they form a

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Golden, C.D. (2009). "Bushmeat hunting and use in the Makira Forest, north-eastern Madagascar: a conservation and livelihoods issue".

3150: 502:, recognized as the family Eupleridae, carnivorans are now thought to have colonized the island once, around 18–20 million years ago. 5282: 3286: 1642: 437:

are usually low. It is found solely in forested habitat, and actively hunts both by day and night. Over 50% of its diet consists of

368: 334: 2212: 9564: 3363:"Polyandrous mating in treetops: how male competition and female choice interact to determine an unusual carnivore mating system" 1583: 1518: 3869: 5626: 3753: 2146: 9741: 9726: 9582: 3882: 3860: 9543: 3609: 7844: 1851: 1850:, although these are also thought to be overestimated. Too little population information has been collected for a formal 1450:, while the general body structure is most similar to that of various members of Herpestidae. The permanent dentition is 675:

placed it back in Viverridae in 1945, still within its own subfamily, yet conceded it had many cat-like characteristics.

1847: 1283: 1368:(penis bone), reaching to between his forelegs when erect, with an average thickness of 20 mm (0.79 in). The 125: 9751: 9577: 5038: 3795: 461:

occurs around three to four years of age, and life expectancy in captivity is 20 years. The fossa is listed as a

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5,331 ft). Its highest known occurrence was reported at 2,000 m (6,600 ft); its presence high on the

9662: 9300: 8956: 7322: 1522: 511: 9595: 6161: 1802: 1526: 1444:, typical of its exclusively carnivorous diet. The remainder of the skull most closely resembles skulls of genus 652: 487: 9219: 9114: 7853: 6143: 5838: 4887: 1885: 1631: 1543: 286: 5871: 5814: 5635: 3834:

Yoder, A. D.; Flynn, J. J. (2003). "Origin of Malagasy Carnivora". In Goodman, S. M.; Benstead, J. P. (eds.).

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Dollar, L.; Ganzhorn, J.U.; Goodman, S.M. (2007). "Primates and other prey in the seasonally variable diet of

9465: 2523: 1771:). Contrary to older research, litters are of mixed sexes. Young are born in December or January, making the 9761: 8881: 7862: 7593: 7286: 7221: 6603: 6179: 5652: 5174: 3905: 2961:

Goodman, S.M.; Pidgeon, M. (1999). "Carnivora of the Reserve Naturelle Integrale d'Andohahela, Madagascar".

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there are reports of its occurring as late as December, and can be highly conspicuous. In captivity in the

9400: 9105: 8857: 8670: 8546: 8158: 8140: 7968: 7662: 7653: 7295: 6033: 4825: 3009: 2454: 2220:. Eleventh International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics (11 ICAL). Aussois, France. pp. 1–31. 1924: 1492:(whiskers) are long, with the longest being longer than its head. Like some mongoose genera, particularly 672: 561: 39: 2397: 2214:

Faunal names in Malagasy: their etymologies and implications for the prehistory of the East African coast

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mating pair, about 20 cm (7.9 in) wide. Some mating has been reported on the ground as well.

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Hawkins, Clare E.; Racey, Paul A. (2009). "A novel mating system in a solitary carnivore: the fossa".

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Hawkins, Clare E.; Dallas, John F.; Fowler, Paul A.; Woodroffe, Rosie; Racey, Paul A. (1 March 2002).

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allowed it to exploit a wide variety of niches available throughout the island, making it a potential

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Goodman, S.M. (1996). "The carnivores of the Reserve Naturelle Integrale d'Andringitra, Madagascar".

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Veron, Géraldine; Colyn, Marc; Dunham, Amy E.; Taylor, Peter; Gaubert, Philippe (18 November 2002).

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is short and spiny, while that of viverrids is smooth and long. The female fossa exhibits transient

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9th International BIOECON Conference on "Economics and Institutions for Biodiversity Conservation"

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Drea, C.M.; Place, N.J.; Weldele, M.L.; Coscia, E.M.; Licht, P.; Glickman, S.E. (7 October 2002).

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Yoder, A.D.; Burns, M.M.; Zehr, S.; Delefosse, T.; Veron, G.; Goodman, S.M.; Flynn, J.J. (2003).

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produce a sigh when they have found a female. Throughout the year, animals produce long-lasting

9530: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 1971: 1868:, offers protection for the fossa and other carnivores. In the Marolambo District (part of the 256: 9616: 9473: 9057: 8974: 8754: 8250: 8217: 7141: 6648: 6370: 6152: 6006: 5880: 5764: 5117: 4947: 4905: 4852: 4632: 4614: 4372: 3839: 3822: 3803: 3781: 3743: 3714: 3695: 3664: 3643: 3499: 3227: 2966: 2924: 2873: 2799: 2745: 2446: 2381: 2158: 1987: 1977: 1929:, being referred to as the "foosa", and accurately shown as the lemurs' most feared predator. 1911:, France. The next year, at a time when there were only eight fossas in the world's zoos, the 1827: 1268: 1251: 707: 687: 557: 552: 381: 3682:

in the dry deciduous forest of Western Madagascar". In Gursky, S.L.; Nekaris, K.A.I. (eds.).

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the fossa is found in all known forest habitats throughout Madagascar, including the western

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and Milo Hellman placed the fossa in its own subfamily within Felidae, the Cryptoproctinae.

457:(blind and toothless). Infants wean after 4.5 months and are independent after a year. 345: 311: 65: 9452: 3876: 3185: 1529:, it is seen more frequently in humid than in dry forests. This may be because the reduced 9688: 9603: 9556: 9354: 9345: 9273: 9228: 8890: 8840: 8831: 8706: 8652: 8596: 8465: 8438: 8331: 8149: 8108: 8073: 7818: 6881: 6561: 6552: 6059: 5797: 5246: 4696: 4623: 4317: 4122: 4056: 4033: 3536: 1777: 1664: 1601: 1576: 1478: 1441: 1404: 1385: 1264: 660: 628: 470: 458: 6594: 4581: 3870:

Watch more fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) video clips from the BBC archive on Wildlife Finder

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Wright, P.C.; Heckscher, S.K.; Dunham, A.E. (1997). "Predation on Milne Edward's sifaka (

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Barycka, Ewa (3 September 2007). "Evolution and systematics of the feliform Carnivora".

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Primate Anti-Predator Strategies (Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects)

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This article is about the animal with the common name fossa. For the taxonomic genus

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Rasoloarison, R.M.; Rasolonandrasana, B.P.N.; Ganzhorn, J.U.; Goodman, S.M. (1995).

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Cranium (dorsal, ventral, and lateral views) and mandible (lateral and dorsal views)

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The diet of the fossa in the wild has been studied by analyzing their distinctive

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Goodman, S. (2009). "Family Eupleridae (Madagascar Carnivores)". In Wilson, D.;

1908: 1687: 1369: 1357: 1318: 1307: 1299: 875: 703: 691: 9683: 2794: 2773: 9141: 8387: 8318: 8305: 8272: 8058: 7796: 7556: 7104: 7081: 6967: 6958: 6907: 6872: 6848: 6612: 6511: 6460: 6406: 6388: 6361: 6268: 6218: 5617: 5590: 5518: 5501: 5264: 5237: 5083: 4987: 4971: 4807: 4687: 4527: 4363: 4230: 4022: 3990: 3974: 3691: 3580: 3538:

Taboos, social norms and conservation in the eastern rainforests of Madagascar

3452: 3378: 3086: 3069: 3053: 3032: 1881: 1869: 1767: 1683: 1609: 1567: 1559: 1554: 1334: 1321:, although the glands are less developed in females. Like herpestids it has a 1143: 977: 821: 787: 727: 723: 715: 711: 690:

study suggesting that the fossa was more closely related to mongooses (family

499: 495: 402: 394: 197: 187: 9423: 2970: 2928: 9072: 9007: 8620: 8560: 8346: 8167: 7782: 7774: 7723: 7573: 7459: 7441: 7155: 6989: 6822: 6664: 6630: 6442: 6134: 5408: 4878: 4354: 3922: 3270: 3249: 1991: 1622: 1500: 1489: 1485: 1433: 852: 742: 719: 664: 656: 584: 454: 409: 398: 177: 137: 3890: 3503: 2877: 2859: 2803: 2450: 2385: 1723: 3535:

Jones, Julia P.G.; Andriamarovolona, Mijasoa A.; Hockley, Neal J. (2007).

3231: 1888:, the fossa, along with several of its smaller cousins and the introduced 1842:

Only two protected areas are thought to contain 500 or more adult fossas:

1456: 1453: 639:), but they are different species. Because of shared physical traits with 9608: 9417: 8769: 8232: 8049: 8025: 7386: 7236: 7182: 7118: 7113: 7066: 6998: 6916: 6786: 6535: 6526: 6424: 6379: 6259: 6092: 5916: 5829: 5738: 5728: 5707: 5667: 5554: 5486: 5394: 5385: 4705: 4501: 4254: 4137: 4104: 3953: 3941: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 1877: 1814: 1470: 1389: 1326: 1322: 1303: 1260: 1167: 1092: 760: 731: 667:

have also led some taxonomists to associate it with the felids. In 1939,

644: 640: 157: 2377: 1566:

The fossa is active during both the day and the night and is considered

1392:

that resembles a male's penis. The enlarged clitoris is supported by an

9504: 9151: 8998: 8872: 8587: 8099: 7429: 6895: 6451: 6415: 6282: 6250: 6234: 5747: 5450: 5029: 4510: 4417: 4335: 4263: 4205: 4182: 4075: 3826: 3647: 3173: 2175: 1818: 1494: 1462: 1446: 1365: 1287: 825: 764: 738:) and Malagasy civet, but its exact relationships are poorly resolved. 648: 491: 442: 390: 3223: 2522:

Goodman, Steven M.; Rasoloarison, Rodin M.; Ganzhorn, Jörg U. (2004).

1481:

formula being similar but lacking the fourth premolar and the molar.

9517: 9460: 9255: 9202: 8947: 8635: 8369: 7089: 6750: 6585: 6342: 5779: 4551: 4477: 4426: 4408: 4381: 4302: 4164: 3947: 3935: 1703: 1695: 1691: 1505: 1437: 576: 490:

has been controversial because its physical traits resemble those of

450: 446: 413: 386: 167: 147: 9394: 3287:"Predation on vertebrates in the Kirindy Forest, western Madagascar" 2167: 1388:, starting at about 1–2 years of age, developing an enlarged, spiny 1854:, but estimates suggest that none of the protected areas support a 1809:) have been developed to help aid in studies of genetic health and 767:—or whether there is indeed more than one species of living fossa. 611:

for cats in Borneo, while in Madagascar the word could have become

564:, and some authors have adopted the Malagasy spelling in English. 9695: 9642: 9237: 9096: 9039: 8912: 8715: 8572: 8199: 8181: 7804: 7474: 6723: 6708: 5369: 4660: 4155: 3875: 3642:(in French). Vol. 36 Mammifères. Carnivores. pp. 1–206. 2991:"Preliminary report on the status, activity cycle, and ranging of 2327: 2325: 2323: 1976:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 559–561. 1861: 1740:, fossas instead mate in the northern spring, from March to July. 1675: 1553: 1381: 1361: 1291: 1273: 1250: 677: 544:

adjective "fierce" or "wild". Its common name comes from the word

541: 438: 110: 104: 2700:

Mueller, Jenni; Sironen, Alan; Lukas, Kristen E. (October 2007).

2668:"Neueste Erkenntnisse zur Biologie, Haltung und Zucht der Fossa ( 1973:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

8611: 7507: 6832: 6768: 4441: 4173: 3070:"An unusual case of cooperative hunting in a solitary carnivore" 631:

in 1833. The common name is the same as the generic name of the

518: 9491: 9398: 8303: 7760: 7064: 6216: 5351: 4792: 3972: 3894: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2245:"Notice of a new genus of Viverridous Mammalia from Madagascar" 682:

The fossa has a cat-like appearance, resembling a small cougar.

6741: 6350: 4678: 2351:"Single origin of Malagasy Carnivora from an African ancestor" 2288: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 1904: 1825:, are thought to have been transmitted by feral dogs or cats. 421: 1423:, no other is known to diminish in size as the animal grows. 354: 1415:

females. While females of other mammal species (such as the

741:

An extinct relative of the fossa was described in 1902 from

686:

In 1993, Géraldine Veron and François Catzeflis published a

1634:, its diet is more variable in other rain forest habitats. 360: 326: 3735:

Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 1: Carnivores

2995:

in the Malagasy rainforest, implications for conservation"

1817:

have been isolated from the fossa, some of which, such as

726:. Within Eupleridae, the fossa is placed in the subfamily 320: 1498:(which is now in the fossa's own family, Eupleridae) and 1477:

on each side of both the upper and lower jaws), with the

3033:"Low population density of a tropical forest carnivore, 1333:

emitting a strong odor. Like the herpestids, it has no

3515: 3513: 3248:

Hawkins, Clare E.; Racey, Paul A. (19 February 2008).

1582:

The animal's population density appears to be low: in

1302:

feet, switching between a plantigrade-like gait (when

9660: 3254:, in the dry deciduous forests of western Madagascar" 2897: 1907:. They first bred in captivity in 1974 in the zoo of 494:, yet other traits suggest a close relationship with 369: 357: 351: 335: 323: 317: 1919:

The fossa was depicted as an antagonist in the 2005

1805:

markers (short segments of DNA that have a repeated

694:) than to cats or civets. However, in 1995, Veron's 9407: 9200: 9149: 9140: 9094: 9070: 9037: 8996: 8945: 8911: 8870: 8829: 8812: 8767: 8741: 8732: 8633: 8609: 8585: 8559: 8482: 8427: 8385: 8368: 8344: 8316: 8271: 8230: 8197: 8180: 8121: 8071: 8038: 8012: 7949: 7908: 7875: 7816: 7795: 7773: 7675: 7634: 7606: 7572: 7555: 7505: 7472: 7428: 7385: 7366: 7275: 7234: 7180: 7154: 7130: 7102: 7080: 7024: 6997: 6988: 6929: 6894: 6870: 6846: 6831: 6820: 6721: 6662: 6647: 6574: 6524: 6492: 6477: 6340: 6307: 6281: 6248: 6232: 6132: 6090: 5950: 5915: 5860: 5827: 5777: 5736: 5727: 5706: 5665: 5615: 5589: 5552: 5517: 5500: 5484: 5448: 5407: 5383: 5368: 5315: 5130: 5091: 5082: 5027: 4986: 4968: 4918: 4865: 4816: 4805: 4756: 4658: 4594: 4568: 4540: 4499: 4490: 4439: 4352: 4315: 4289: 4252: 4228: 4219: 4203: 4135: 4102: 4093: 4073: 4031: 4020: 3988: 3838:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 1253–1256. 3780:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 1360–1363. 698:study once again grouped it with Felidae. In 2003, 627:on the basis of a specimen from Madagascar sent by 348: 314: 3656: 27:Cat-like, carnivorous mammal endemic to Madagascar 3361:Lührs, Mia-Lana; Kappeler, Peter M. (June 2014). 3210:) in the rainforest of southeastern Madagascar". 3155:Edwardsi in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar" 2206: 2204: 1364:. The male fossa has an unusually long penis and 663:, retractable claws, and specialized carnivorous 587:suggests a link to another word that comes from 2702:"Infant development and behaviour in the Fossa 2249:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 967:Phylogeny of Malagasy carnivorans (Eupleridae) 412:on Madagascar and has been compared to a small 3819:Taboo: A Study of Malagasy Customs and Beliefs 3776:". In Goodman, S. M.; Benstead, J. P. (eds.). 3243: 3241: 3026: 3024: 3022: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2517: 2515: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 1286:, they may have an orange coloration to their 745:remains and recognized as a separate species, 3906: 3151:"Demography and life history of free ranging 3037:: implications for protected area management" 2984: 2982: 2980: 2524:"On the specific identification of subfossil 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2037:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T5760A45197189.en 1903:Fossas are occasionally held in captivity in 1290:from a reddish substance secreted by a chest 769: 8: 3659:Dictionary of Word Roots and Combining Forms 3594:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 ( 3530: 3528: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 2645:, Family Eupleridae (Madagascar Carnivores). 2344: 2342: 2340: 3068:Lührs, Mia-Lana; Dammhahn, Melanie (2009). 1440:portions of the skull, the tongue, and the 479:taboo. The greatest threat to the fossa is 9395: 9146: 8925: 8826: 8747: 8738: 8565: 8382: 8324: 8313: 8300: 8194: 8018: 7813: 7770: 7757: 7689: 7586: 7569: 7434: 7399: 7382: 7160: 7127: 7077: 7061: 6994: 6900: 6843: 6828: 6659: 6504: 6489: 6287: 6245: 6229: 6213: 5921: 5733: 5724: 5595: 5523: 5514: 5497: 5419: 5380: 5365: 5361: 5348: 5312: 5088: 4998: 4983: 4965: 4871: 4813: 4802: 4789: 4574: 4496: 4295: 4225: 4216: 4099: 4090: 4086: 4070: 4028: 4017: 3996: 3985: 3969: 3913: 3899: 3891: 3031:Hawkins, Clare E.; Racey, Paul A. (2005). 2331: 777:Phylogeny of Eupleridae within Feliformia 255: 82: 55: 46: 3579: 3269: 3250:"Food habits of an endangered carnivore, 3085: 3052: 2867: 2829: 2793: 2774:"Transient Masculinization in the Fossa, 2035: 1831:was reported in a captive fossa in 2013. 1813:of both captive and wild fossas. Several 1686:and ground birds, and mammals, including 1575:food and water is available. In general, 2941: 2211:Blench, Roger M.; Walsh, Martin (2009). 2058:Croke, Vicki; Toft, Roy (1 April 2000). 1722: 1344: 583:from the 1600s. However, an alternative 9667: 3821:(2nd ed.). Oslo University Press. 3711:Mammals of Madagascar, A Complete Guide 2642: 2314: 2230: 1942: 430:, probably became extinct before 1400. 3587: 2528:(Mammalia, Carnivora) from Madagascar" 2195: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1380:except at the tip. In comparison, the 521:is hidden by its anal pouch, from the 385:) is a slender, long-tailed, cat-like 3800:The Princeton Encyclopedia of Mammals 2431:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 1558:Fossa are active both day and night ( 575:(another Austronesian language) from 551: 380: 7: 3519: 3162:International Journal of Primatology 623:The fossa was formally described by 433:The species is widespread, although 5283:South African small-spotted genet ( 3610:"The Complete Guide To: Madagascar" 3367:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2898:Dollar, Ganzhorn & Goodman 2007 2145:Köhncke, M.; Leonhardt, K. (1986). 2023:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1427:Comparison with related carnivorans 1159: 1135: 1108: 1003: 991: 984: 973: 891: 868: 845: 814: 794: 783: 408:The fossa is the largest mammalian 2848:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 1659:The fossa's diet includes small- ( 25: 5627:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose ( 3863:– images and movies of the Fossa 3836:The Natural History of Madagascar 3778:The Natural History of Madagascar 1484:The fossa has a large, prominent 579:, and both terms may derive from 9717:IUCN Red List vulnerable species 9694: 9682: 9670: 3414:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00517.x 3340:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00243.x 1789:The fossa has been assessed as " 1707:small- to medium-sized mammals. 1652: 1641: 755:("black fossa") and the smaller 473:and is often protected by their 469:. It is generally feared by the 344: 310: 124: 3663:. Mayfield Publishing Company. 1715:for the Madagascar ecosystems. 1372:extends about halfway down the 3883:New International Encyclopedia 3802:. Princeton University Press. 1: 5039:Malabar large-spotted civet ( 2443:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00229-X 1852:population viability analysis 1727:Fossa illustration circa 1927 9301:Indonesian mountain weasel ( 8957:North American river otter ( 7845:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk ( 4899:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii 3713:. A&C Black Publishers. 3686:. Springer. pp. 63–76. 3496:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.11.018 3204:Propithecus diadema edwardsi 3002:Small Carnivore Conservation 2744:. Cornell University Press. 2713:Small Carnivore Conservation 2506:10.1016/j.mambio.2006.10.011 1436:, including tooth shape and 9732:Endemic fauna of Madagascar 6162:Somalian slender mongoose ( 517:refers to how the animal's 9778: 9757:Vulnerable biota of Africa 9115:Asian small-clawed otter ( 7854:American hog-nosed skunk ( 7836:Molina's hog-nosed skunk ( 6144:Angolan slender mongoose ( 5839:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose ( 4888:Small-toothed palm civet ( 2795:10.1095/biolreprod66.3.610 1663:, above) to medium-sized ( 29: 9747:Mammals described in 1833 9020: 8928: 8882:Saharan striped polecat ( 8853: 8750: 8568: 8327: 8312: 8299: 8021: 7863:Striped hog-nosed skunk ( 7769: 7756: 7692: 7594:Mediterranean monk seal ( 7589: 7437: 7402: 7323:Juan Fernández fur seal ( 7287:South American fur seal ( 7258: 7222:South American sea lion ( 7217: 7163: 7076: 7060: 6903: 6695: 6604:South American gray fox ( 6548: 6507: 6290: 6228: 6212: 6180:Common slender mongoose ( 6046: 5924: 5810: 5760: 5653:Narrow-striped mongoose ( 5648: 5598: 5526: 5422: 5364: 5360: 5347: 5311: 5175:Crested servaline genet ( 5001: 4964: 4874: 4801: 4788: 4577: 4523: 4298: 4089: 4069: 4016: 3999: 3984: 3968: 3930: 3692:10.1007/978-0-387-34810-0 3581:10.1017/S0030605309000131 3453:10.1007/s10592-008-9758-z 3379:10.1007/s00265-014-1701-3 3110:"Silky Sifaka predation ( 3087:10.1007/s10164-009-0190-8 3054:10.1017/S0030605305000074 2060:"The Deadliest Carnivore" 1864:, known in Madagascar as 1848:Midongy-Sud National Park 1504:(of Herpestidae), it has 1181: 1164: 1157: 1140: 1133: 1113: 1106: 1089: 1060: 1030: 1008: 1001: 989: 982: 896: 889: 873: 866: 850: 843: 819: 812: 799: 792: 279: 272: 263: 254: 236: 229: 121:Scientific classification 119: 102: 80: 71: 63: 54: 49: 9238:Stoat/Beringian ermine ( 9106:African clawless otter ( 8858:African striped weasel ( 8671:Yellow-throated marten ( 8547:Formosan ferret-badger ( 8251:Western mountain coati ( 8242:Eastern mountain coati ( 8159:Western lowland olingo ( 8141:Eastern lowland olingo ( 7969:Southern spotted skunk ( 7663:Southern elephant seal ( 7654:Northern elephant seal ( 7444:Pagophilus groenlandicus 6221:("dog-like" carnivorans) 6034:Stripe-necked mongoose ( 5655:Mungotictis decemlineata 4530:Herpailurus yagouaroundi 3977:("cat-like" carnivorans) 3768:Hawkins, C. E. (2003). " 2778:(Carnivora, Viverridae)" 1970:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). 1886:Ranomafana National Park 1757:Fossa mating includes a 1632:Ranomafana National Park 1544:Andohahela National Park 1512:Habitat and distribution 488:taxonomic classification 397:. It is a member of the 9283:Yellow-bellied weasel ( 8538:Burmese ferret-badger ( 8520:Chinese ferret-badger ( 8511:Bornean ferret badger ( 8502:Vietnam ferret-badger ( 7987:Eastern spotted skunk ( 7978:Western spotted skunk ( 7708:Leptonychotes weddellii 7350:Subantarctic fur seal ( 7296:Australasian fur seal ( 6120:Black-footed mongoose ( 6102:Bushy-tailed mongoose ( 6051:White-tailed mongoose ( 5989:Indian brown mongoose ( 5971:Short-tailed mongoose ( 5962:Small Indian mongoose ( 5899:Flat-headed kusimanse ( 5872:Alexander's kusimanse ( 5848:Common dwarf mongoose ( 5815:Pousargues's mongoose ( 5677:Brown-tailed mongoose ( 5636:Grandidier's mongoose ( 4890:Arctogalidia trivirgata 4114:Sunda clouded leopard ( 3484:Veterinary Parasitology 3271:10.1644/06-MAMM-A-366.1 3131:: 25–27. Archived from 3108:Patel, Erik R. (2005). 2782:Biology of Reproduction 1602:recently extinct lemurs 1188:narrow-striped mongoose 832:, and their relatives) 615:to refer to the fossa. 571:(meaning "cat") in the 567:The word is similar to 549:Malagasy pronunciation: 9124:Congo clawless otter ( 9027:Hydrictis maculicollis 9025:Spotted-necked otter ( 8984:Southern river otter ( 8935:Pteronura brasiliensis 8698:European pine marten ( 8209:South American coati ( 7937:Palawan stink badger ( 7263:New Zealand sea lion ( 6328:Japanese raccoon dog ( 6025:Crab-eating mongoose ( 5980:Indian grey mongoose ( 5603:Ring-tailed vontsira ( 5414:(bone-crushing hyenas) 5109:Central African oyan ( 4670:Chinese mountain cat ( 3655:Borror, D. J. (1960). 3584:(inactive 2024-07-26). 3008:: 7–10. Archived from 2860:10.1098/rspb.2002.2109 2676:Der Zoologische Garten 2332:Yoder & Flynn 2003 2243:Bennett, E.T. (1833). 1884:on animal paths. Near 1728: 1563: 1353: 1349:External genitalia of 1317:The fossa has several 1279: 1256: 901:(Malagasy carnivores) 700:molecular phylogenetic 683: 673:George Gaylord Simpson 40:Fossa (disambiguation) 38:. For other uses, see 9742:Mammals of Madagascar 9727:Carnivorans of Africa 9630:Paleobiology Database 9364:Back-striped weasel ( 9310:Black-footed ferret ( 9082:Smooth-coated otter ( 8860:Poecilogale albinucha 8529:Javan ferret-badger ( 8415:Sumatran hog badger ( 8397:Northern hog badger ( 8091:Crab-eating raccoon ( 7996:Pygmy spotted skunk ( 7717:Lobodon carcinophagus 7453:Histriophoca fasciata 7246:Australian sea lion ( 7192:California sea lion ( 6941:American black bear ( 6683:Black-backed jackal ( 6674:Side-striped jackal ( 6514:Chrysocyon brachyurus 5938:Long-nosed mongoose ( 5211:Rusty-spotted genet ( 5048:Large-spotted civet ( 4897:Sulawesi palm civet ( 4826:Owston's palm civet ( 4400:Andean mountain cat ( 3638:Albignac, R. (1973). 3433:Conservation Genetics 3149:Wright, P.C. (1995). 2334:, pp. 1253–1256. 2317:, pp. 1360–1363. 1844:Masoala National Park 1836:habitat fragmentation 1726: 1597:Propithecus verreauxi 1557: 1519:dry deciduous forests 1348: 1325:skin gland inside an 1277: 1254: 681: 625:Edward Turner Bennett 562:Austronesian language 445:found on the island; 9179:Long-tailed weasel ( 8757:Lyncodon patagonicus 8406:Greater hog badger ( 7928:Sunda stink badger ( 7618:Hawaiian monk seal ( 7341:Guadalupe fur seal ( 7314:Antarctic fur seal ( 7305:Galápagos fur seal ( 7201:Galápagos sea lion ( 6319:Common raccoon dog ( 6171:Cape gray mongoose ( 6111:Jackson's mongoose ( 6071:Paracynictis selousi 6062:Cynictis penicillata 5686:Durrell's vontsira ( 5274:Giant forest genet ( 5066:Large Indian civet ( 5006:Small Indian civet ( 4615:Sunda leopard cat ( 4391:Southern tiger cat ( 4327:African golden cat ( 4004:African palm civet ( 3865:(Cryptoprocta ferox) 3709:Garbutt, N. (2007). 3478:in a captive fossa ( 3258:Journal of Mammalogy 3112:Propithecus candidus 2738:Ewer, R. F. (1998). 2666:Winkler, A. (2003). 2030:: e.T5760A45197189. 2012:Hawkins, F. (2016). 1120:ring-tailed mongoose 669:William King Gregory 435:population densities 418:convergently evolved 9222:M. aistoodonnivalis 9058:Hairy-nosed otter ( 8975:Neotropical otter ( 8755:Patagonian weasel ( 8218:White-nosed coati ( 7418:Cystophora cristata 7409:Erignathus barbatus 7142:Northern fur seal ( 6919:Helarctos malayanus 6555:Atelocynus microtis 6262:U. cinereoargenteus 6153:Egyptian mongoose ( 6080:Rhynchogale melleri 6078:Meller's mongoose ( 6069:Selous's mongoose ( 6053:Ichneumia albicauda 6007:Collared mongoose ( 5881:Angolan kusimanse ( 5765:Liberian mongoose ( 5118:West African oyan ( 5017:Civettictis civetta 4948:Golden palm civet ( 4906:Masked palm civet ( 4881:Arctictis binturong 4855:Hemigalus derbyanus 4853:Banded palm civet ( 4844:Hose's palm civet ( 4633:Rusty-spotted cat ( 3640:Faune de Madagascar 3445:2009ConG...10.1449V 3332:2009AnCon..12..220I 3320:Animal Conservation 3212:Folia Primatologica 3153:Propithecus diadema 3074:Journal of Ethology 2989:Dollar, L. (1999). 2854:(1504): 1981–1987. 2832:, pp. 668–669. 2498:2007MamBi..72..257B 2378:10.1038/nature01303 2370:2003Natur.421..734Y 2233:, pp. 211–214. 1811:population dynamics 1738:Northern Hemisphere 1525:, and the southern 1523:eastern rainforests 1409:dihydrotestosterone 748:Cryptoprocta spelea 708:mitochondrial genes 481:habitat destruction 427:Cryptoprocta spelea 74:Conservation status 9752:Vulnerable animals 9466:cryptoprocta-ferox 9453:Cryptoprocta_ferox 9439:Cryptoprocta ferox 9409:Cryptoprocta ferox 9337:European polecat ( 9170:Colombian weasel ( 8820:(African polecats) 8448:Caucasian badger ( 8376:(Eurasian badgers) 7826:(hog-nosed skunks) 7563:("southern seals") 7462:Halichoerus grypus 7393:("northern seals") 7265:Phocarctos hookeri 7170:Eumetopias jubatus 7168:Steller sea lion ( 6950:Asian black bear ( 6700:African wild dog ( 6654:(wolf-like canids) 5931:Atilax paludinosus 5890:Common kusimanse ( 5817:Dologale dybowskii 5789:Gambian mongoose ( 5573:Western falanouc ( 5564:Eastern falanouc ( 5533:Cryptoprocta ferox 5438:Parahyaena brunnea 5193:Johnston's genet ( 5148:Abyssinian genet ( 5100:(African linsangs) 5008:Viverricula indica 4939:Brown palm civet ( 4930:Asian palm civet ( 4837:Cynogale bennettii 4828:Chrotogale owstoni 4724:European wildcat ( 4715:Black-footed cat ( 4305:Leptailurus serval 4273:Asian golden cat ( 4039:(Asiatic linsangs) 3770:Cryptoprocta ferox 3680:Cryptoprocta ferox 3480:Cryptoprocta ferox 3429:Cryptoprocta ferox 3402:Journal of Zoology 3252:Cryptoprocta ferox 3208:Cryptoprocta ferox 3174:10.1007/BF02735722 3116:Cryptoprocta ferox 3035:Cryptoprocta ferox 2993:Cryptoprocta ferox 2776:Cryptoprocta ferox 2704:Cryptoprocta ferox 2670:Cryptoprocta ferox 2149:Cryptoprocta ferox 2016:Cryptoprocta ferox 1962:Cryptoprocta ferox 1894:Viverricula indica 1890:small Indian civet 1874:Toamasina Province 1785:Human interactions 1729: 1588:mark and recapture 1564: 1540:Andringitra Massif 1354: 1351:Cryptoprocta ferox 1341:External genitalia 1280: 1265:eyes reflect light 1257: 801:(other feliforms) 684: 607:could have become 603:). The Malay word 463:vulnerable species 305:Cryptoprocta ferox 268:(red-shaded area) 266:Cryptoprocta ferox 240:Cryptoprocta ferox 18:Cryptoprocta ferox 9658: 9657: 9617:Open Tree of Life 9401:Taxon identifiers 9392: 9391: 9388: 9387: 9384: 9383: 9380: 9379: 9376: 9375: 9355:Siberian weasel ( 9346:American ermine ( 9274:Japanese weasel ( 9229:Mountain weasel ( 9213: 9136: 9135: 8922: 8907: 8906: 8903: 8902: 8891:Striped polecat ( 8841:Marbled polecat ( 8823: 8808: 8807: 8780: 8728: 8727: 8707:Japanese marten ( 8653:American marten ( 8646: 8504:M. cucphuongensis 8495: 8478: 8477: 8466:European badger ( 8439:Japanese badger ( 8379: 8332:American badger ( 8295: 8294: 8291: 8290: 8267: 8266: 8263: 8262: 8191: 8150:Northern olingo ( 8134: 8109:Cozumel raccoon ( 8084: 8008: 8007: 7962: 7921: 7829: 7810: 7752: 7751: 7748: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7740: 7739: 7736: 7735: 7726:Ommatophoca rossi 7699:Hydrurga leptonyx 7686: 7683:(Antarctic seals) 7656:M. angustirostris 7647: 7630: 7629: 7596:Monachus monachus 7583: 7566: 7551: 7550: 7547: 7546: 7396: 7379: 7362: 7361: 7224:Otaria flavescens 7213: 7212: 7124: 7092:Odobenus rosmarus 7056: 7055: 7052: 7051: 7048: 7047: 7044: 7043: 7007: 6984: 6983: 6980: 6979: 6882:Spectacled bear ( 6840: 6816: 6815: 6812: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6656: 6643: 6642: 6562:Crab-eating fox ( 6553:Short-eared dog ( 6501: 6486: 6473: 6472: 6355: 6297:Otocyon megalotis 6241: 6208: 6207: 6204: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6196: 6195: 6192: 6191: 6060:Yellow mongoose ( 5911: 5910: 5798:Banded mongoose ( 5767:Liberiictus kuhni 5721: 5702: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5585: 5584: 5511: 5480: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5472: 5471: 5416: 5377: 5343: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5307: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5299: 5298: 5295: 5294: 5247:Servaline genet ( 5166:Bourlon's genet ( 5141: 5102: 5078: 5077: 4960: 4959: 4932:P. hermaphroditus 4784: 4783: 4780: 4779: 4776: 4775: 4752: 4751: 4748: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4697:African wildcat ( 4654: 4653: 4624:Flat-headed cat ( 4564: 4563: 4348: 4347: 4285: 4284: 4199: 4198: 4195: 4194: 4123:Clouded leopard ( 4082: 4057:Spotted linsang ( 4041: 4006:Nandinia binotata 3845:978-0-226-30306-2 3817:Ruud, J. (1970). 3809:978-0-691-14069-8 3787:978-0-226-30306-2 3749:978-84-96553-49-1 3720:978-0-300-12550-4 3701:978-0-387-34807-0 3670:978-0-87484-053-7 3476:Toxoplasma gondii 3224:10.1159/000157230 2963:Fieldiana Zoology 2944:, pp. 1–206. 2921:Fieldiana Zoology 2900:, pp. 63–76. 2751:978-0-8014-8493-3 2486:Mammalian Biology 2460:on 31 August 2021 2364:(6924): 734–737. 2159:Mammalian Species 1983:978-0-8018-8221-0 1956:Wozencraft, W. C. 1856:viable population 1828:Toxoplasma gondii 1667:, below) mammals. 1269:sexual dimorphism 1244: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1235: 1234: 1226: 1225: 1217: 1216: 1208: 1207: 1199: 1198: 1078: 1077: 1049: 1048: 960: 959: 955: 954: 946: 945: 937: 936: 928: 927: 919: 918: 910: 909: 688:DNA hybridization 296: 295: 290: 114: 97: 16:(Redirected from 9769: 9699: 9698: 9687: 9686: 9675: 9674: 9673: 9666: 9651: 9650: 9638: 9637: 9625: 9624: 9612: 9611: 9599: 9598: 9586: 9585: 9573: 9572: 9560: 9559: 9547: 9546: 9534: 9533: 9521: 9520: 9508: 9507: 9495: 9494: 9482: 9481: 9469: 9468: 9456: 9455: 9443: 9442: 9441: 9428: 9427: 9426: 9396: 9328:Malayan weasel ( 9247:Steppe polecat ( 9220:Sichuan weasel ( 9212: 9211: 9207: 9147: 9084:L. perspicillata 9049:Eurasian otter ( 8926: 8921: 8920: 8916: 8827: 8822: 8821: 8817: 8796:Greater grison ( 8779: 8778: 8774: 8748: 8739: 8689:Nilgiri marten ( 8662:Pacific marten ( 8645: 8644: 8640: 8566: 8549:M. subaurantiaca 8494: 8493: 8492:(ferret-badgers) 8489: 8383: 8378: 8377: 8373: 8325: 8314: 8301: 8195: 8190: 8189: 8185: 8133: 8132: 8128: 8083: 8082: 8078: 8019: 7961: 7960: 7959:(spotted skunks) 7956: 7920: 7919: 7915: 7828: 7827: 7823: 7814: 7809: 7808: 7800: 7771: 7758: 7715:Crabeater seal ( 7690: 7685: 7684: 7680: 7646: 7645: 7644:(elephant seals) 7641: 7620:N. schauinslandi 7587: 7582: 7581: 7577: 7570: 7565: 7564: 7560: 7435: 7400: 7395: 7394: 7390: 7383: 7378: 7377: 7371: 7332:Brown fur seal ( 7307:A. galapagoensis 7194:Z. californianus 7161: 7128: 7123: 7122: 7108: 7078: 7070: 7062: 7006: 7005: 7001: 6995: 6910:Melursus ursinus 6901: 6844: 6839: 6836: 6829: 6796:Ethiopian wolf ( 6660: 6655: 6652: 6505: 6500: 6497: 6490: 6485: 6482: 6371:Blanford's fox ( 6354: 6347: 6288: 6246: 6240: 6237: 6230: 6222: 6214: 6016:Ruddy mongoose ( 5998:Javan mongoose ( 5929:Marsh mongoose ( 5922: 5901:C. platycephalus 5734: 5725: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5596: 5540:Malagasy civet ( 5524: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5498: 5493: 5420: 5415: 5412: 5381: 5376: 5373: 5366: 5362: 5349: 5313: 5140: 5137: 5101: 5098: 5089: 4999: 4995: 4984: 4979: 4966: 4872: 4814: 4803: 4790: 4584:Otocolobus manul 4575: 4497: 4373:Geoffroy's cat ( 4296: 4226: 4217: 4212: 4100: 4091: 4087: 4081: 4078: 4071: 4048:Banded linsang ( 4040: 4037: 4029: 4018: 3997: 3986: 3978: 3970: 3915: 3908: 3901: 3892: 3887: 3879: 3849: 3830: 3813: 3796:Macdonald, D. W. 3791: 3764: 3762: 3761: 3752:. Archived from 3724: 3705: 3674: 3662: 3651: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3621: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3593: 3585: 3583: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3543: 3532: 3523: 3517: 3508: 3507: 3490:(1–3): 281–283. 3471: 3465: 3464: 3439:(5): 1449–1453. 3424: 3418: 3417: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3305: 3291: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3245: 3236: 3235: 3206:) by the fossa ( 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3184:. Archived from 3159: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3138:on 1 April 2011. 3137: 3122: 3105: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3065: 3059: 3058: 3056: 3028: 3017: 3016: 3015:on 28 July 2011. 3014: 2999: 2986: 2975: 2974: 2958: 2945: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2916: 2901: 2895: 2882: 2881: 2871: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2808: 2807: 2797: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2735: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2710: 2697: 2684: 2683: 2663: 2646: 2640: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2532: 2519: 2510: 2509: 2481: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2459: 2453:. Archived from 2428: 2419: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2402: 2396:. Archived from 2355: 2346: 2335: 2329: 2318: 2312: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2240: 2234: 2228: 2222: 2221: 2219: 2208: 2199: 2193: 2187: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2155: 2142: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2055: 2049: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2039: 2009: 1996: 1995: 1952: 1823:canine distemper 1773:gestation period 1713:keystone species 1661:gray mouse lemur 1656: 1645: 1469:, three or four 1460: 1459: 1458: 1455: 1399:Hormone levels ( 1310:-like one (when 1255:Skull of a fossa 1160: 1136: 1109: 1004: 992: 985: 974: 964: 963: 892: 869: 846: 815: 795: 784: 774: 773: 770: 736:Eupleres goudoti 555: 553:[ˈfusə̥] 550: 384: 382:[ˈfusə̥] 379: 372: 367: 366: 363: 362: 359: 356: 353: 350: 338: 333: 332: 329: 328: 325: 322: 319: 316: 285: 264:Distribution of 259: 242: 129: 128: 108: 91: 86: 85: 66:Valencia Bioparc 59: 47: 21: 9777: 9776: 9772: 9771: 9770: 9768: 9767: 9766: 9707: 9706: 9705: 9693: 9681: 9671: 9669: 9661: 9659: 9654: 9646: 9641: 9633: 9628: 9620: 9615: 9607: 9604:Observation.org 9602: 9594: 9589: 9581: 9576: 9568: 9563: 9555: 9550: 9542: 9537: 9529: 9524: 9516: 9511: 9503: 9498: 9490: 9485: 9477: 9472: 9464: 9459: 9451: 9446: 9437: 9436: 9431: 9422: 9421: 9416: 9403: 9393: 9372: 9348:M. richardsonii 9292:European mink ( 9209: 9208: 9206: 9196: 9188:American mink ( 9161:Amazon weasel ( 9132: 9090: 9066: 9033: 9016: 8992: 8941: 8918: 8917: 8915: 8899: 8866: 8849: 8819: 8818: 8816: 8804: 8787:Lesser grison ( 8776: 8775: 8773: 8763: 8724: 8642: 8641: 8639: 8629: 8605: 8581: 8555: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8474: 8423: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8364: 8340: 8321: 8308: 8287: 8259: 8226: 8187: 8186: 8184: 8176: 8130: 8129: 8127: 8117: 8080: 8079: 8077: 8067: 8034: 8004: 7971:S. angustifrons 7958: 7957: 7955: 7945: 7918:(stink badgers) 7917: 7916: 7914: 7904: 7896:Striped skunk ( 7871: 7865:C. semistriatus 7825: 7824: 7822: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7791: 7785:Ailurus fulgens 7765: 7732: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7671: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7626: 7602: 7579: 7578: 7576: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7543: 7501: 7468: 7424: 7392: 7391: 7389: 7375: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7358: 7271: 7254: 7230: 7209: 7176: 7150: 7117: 7112: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7103: 7098: 7072: 7068: 7040: 7020: 7003: 7002: 6976: 6925: 6890: 6866: 6837: 6835: 6825: 6804: 6733:Golden jackal ( 6717: 6691: 6653: 6651: 6639: 6570: 6564:Cerdocyon thous 6544: 6520: 6498: 6496: 6483: 6481: 6469: 6434:Rüppell's fox ( 6348: 6346: 6336: 6321:N. procyonoides 6303: 6295:Bat-eared fox ( 6277: 6242: 6238: 6224: 6220: 6188: 6173:H. pulverulenta 6128: 6086: 6042: 6009:U. semitorquata 5964:U. auropunctata 5946: 5907: 5856: 5823: 5806: 5773: 5756: 5718: 5716: 5711: 5710: 5694: 5661: 5644: 5611: 5605:Galidia elegans 5581: 5548: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5494: 5489: 5468: 5460:Spotted hyena ( 5444: 5427:Striped hyena ( 5413: 5411: 5403: 5374: 5372: 5356: 5331: 5291: 5229:Aquatic genet ( 5220:Pardine genet ( 5157:Angolan genet ( 5138: 5136: 5126: 5111:P. richardsonii 5099: 5097: 5074: 5057:Malayan civet ( 5023: 5015:African civet ( 4991: 4990: 4980: 4975: 4974: 4970: 4956: 4914: 4861: 4846:Diplogale hosei 4810: 4797: 4772: 4732: 4650: 4590: 4570: 4560: 4536: 4519: 4492: 4486: 4460:Eurasian lynx ( 4435: 4344: 4311: 4291: 4281: 4248: 4221: 4213: 4208: 4191: 4131: 4083: 4079: 4065: 4038: 4025: 4012: 3993: 3980: 3976: 3964: 3926: 3919: 3874: 3857: 3852: 3846: 3833: 3816: 3810: 3794: 3788: 3767: 3759: 3757: 3750: 3730:Mittermeier, R. 3727: 3721: 3708: 3702: 3677: 3671: 3654: 3637: 3633: 3628: 3619: 3617: 3614:The Independent 3608: 3607: 3603: 3586: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3550: 3548: 3541: 3534: 3533: 3526: 3518: 3511: 3473: 3472: 3468: 3426: 3425: 3421: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3303: 3301: 3289: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3247: 3246: 3239: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3188: 3157: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3135: 3120: 3107: 3106: 3095: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3030: 3029: 3020: 3012: 2997: 2988: 2987: 2978: 2965:(94): 259–268. 2960: 2959: 2948: 2940: 2936: 2923:(85): 289–292. 2918: 2917: 2904: 2896: 2885: 2841: 2840: 2836: 2828: 2811: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2737: 2736: 2732: 2722: 2720: 2708: 2699: 2698: 2687: 2665: 2664: 2649: 2641: 2554: 2544: 2542: 2530: 2521: 2520: 2513: 2483: 2482: 2473: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2426: 2421: 2420: 2416: 2406: 2404: 2403:on 19 June 2010 2400: 2353: 2348: 2347: 2338: 2330: 2321: 2313: 2268: 2258: 2256: 2242: 2241: 2237: 2229: 2225: 2217: 2210: 2209: 2202: 2194: 2190: 2180: 2178: 2168:10.2307/3503919 2153: 2144: 2143: 2078: 2068: 2066: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2042: 2040: 2011: 2010: 1999: 1984: 1954: 1953: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1787: 1778:sexual maturity 1721: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1669: 1668: 1665:diademed sifaka 1657: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1621:The fossa is a 1619: 1552: 1514: 1452: 1451: 1442:digestive tract 1429: 1405:androstenedione 1386:masculinization 1382:glans of felids 1343: 1300:semiplantigrade 1249: 1236: 1227: 1218: 1209: 1200: 1079: 1050: 956: 947: 938: 929: 920: 911: 730:along with the 629:Charles Telfair 621: 601:Mustela nudipes 581:trade languages 548: 508: 471:Malagasy people 459:Sexual maturity 377: 370: 347: 343: 336: 313: 309: 250: 244: 238: 225: 123: 115: 98: 87: 83: 76: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9775: 9773: 9765: 9764: 9762:Apex predators 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9709: 9708: 9704: 9703: 9691: 9679: 9656: 9655: 9653: 9652: 9639: 9626: 9613: 9600: 9587: 9574: 9561: 9548: 9535: 9522: 9509: 9496: 9483: 9470: 9457: 9444: 9429: 9413: 9411: 9405: 9404: 9399: 9390: 9389: 9386: 9385: 9382: 9381: 9378: 9377: 9374: 9373: 9371: 9370: 9366:M. strigidorsa 9361: 9352: 9343: 9334: 9325: 9319:Least weasel ( 9316: 9307: 9298: 9289: 9280: 9271: 9265:Haida ermine ( 9262: 9253: 9249:M. eversmannii 9244: 9235: 9226: 9216: 9214: 9198: 9197: 9195: 9194: 9185: 9176: 9167: 9157: 9155: 9144: 9138: 9137: 9134: 9133: 9131: 9130: 9121: 9112: 9102: 9100: 9092: 9091: 9089: 9088: 9078: 9076: 9068: 9067: 9065: 9064: 9055: 9045: 9043: 9035: 9034: 9032: 9031: 9021: 9018: 9017: 9015: 9014: 9004: 9002: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8990: 8981: 8977:L. longicaudis 8972: 8966:Marine otter ( 8963: 8953: 8951: 8943: 8942: 8940: 8939: 8929: 8923: 8909: 8908: 8905: 8904: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8897: 8888: 8878: 8876: 8868: 8867: 8865: 8864: 8854: 8851: 8850: 8848: 8847: 8837: 8835: 8824: 8810: 8809: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8802: 8793: 8783: 8781: 8765: 8764: 8762: 8761: 8751: 8745: 8736: 8730: 8729: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8722: 8713: 8704: 8695: 8686: 8680:Beech marten ( 8677: 8668: 8659: 8649: 8647: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8627: 8617: 8615: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8603: 8593: 8591: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8579: 8569: 8563: 8557: 8556: 8554: 8553: 8544: 8535: 8526: 8517: 8508: 8498: 8496: 8480: 8479: 8476: 8475: 8473: 8472: 8463: 8457:Asian badger ( 8454: 8445: 8435: 8433: 8425: 8424: 8422: 8421: 8412: 8403: 8399:A. albogularis 8393: 8391: 8380: 8366: 8365: 8363: 8362: 8356:Honey badger ( 8352: 8350: 8342: 8341: 8339: 8338: 8328: 8322: 8317: 8310: 8309: 8304: 8297: 8296: 8293: 8292: 8289: 8288: 8286: 8285: 8284: 8283: 8277: 8275: 8269: 8268: 8265: 8264: 8261: 8260: 8258: 8257: 8248: 8238: 8236: 8228: 8227: 8225: 8224: 8215: 8205: 8203: 8192: 8178: 8177: 8175: 8174: 8165: 8156: 8147: 8137: 8135: 8119: 8118: 8116: 8115: 8106: 8097: 8093:P. cancrivorus 8087: 8085: 8069: 8068: 8066: 8065: 8061:B. sumichrasti 8056: 8046: 8044: 8036: 8035: 8033: 8032: 8022: 8016: 8010: 8009: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8002: 7993: 7984: 7975: 7965: 7963: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7943: 7934: 7924: 7922: 7906: 7905: 7903: 7902: 7893: 7887:Hooded skunk ( 7883: 7881: 7873: 7872: 7870: 7869: 7860: 7851: 7842: 7832: 7830: 7811: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7789: 7779: 7777: 7767: 7766: 7761: 7754: 7753: 7750: 7749: 7746: 7745: 7742: 7741: 7738: 7737: 7734: 7733: 7731: 7730: 7721: 7712: 7706:Weddell seal ( 7703: 7697:Leopard seal ( 7693: 7687: 7673: 7672: 7670: 7669: 7660: 7650: 7648: 7632: 7631: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7624: 7614: 7612: 7604: 7603: 7601: 7600: 7590: 7584: 7567: 7553: 7552: 7549: 7548: 7545: 7544: 7542: 7541: 7532: 7523: 7517:Caspian seal ( 7513: 7511: 7503: 7502: 7500: 7499: 7490: 7484:Spotted seal ( 7480: 7478: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7466: 7457: 7448: 7438: 7432: 7426: 7425: 7423: 7422: 7413: 7407:Bearded seal ( 7403: 7397: 7380: 7376:or true seals) 7374:(earless seals 7364: 7363: 7360: 7359: 7357: 7356: 7347: 7338: 7329: 7320: 7311: 7302: 7293: 7283: 7281: 7273: 7272: 7270: 7269: 7259: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7252: 7242: 7240: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7228: 7218: 7215: 7214: 7211: 7210: 7208: 7207: 7198: 7188: 7186: 7178: 7177: 7175: 7174: 7164: 7158: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7148: 7138: 7136: 7125: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7096: 7086: 7084: 7074: 7073: 7065: 7058: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7050: 7049: 7046: 7045: 7042: 7041: 7039: 7038: 7037: 7036: 7030: 7028: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7018: 7017: 7016: 7010: 7008: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6982: 6981: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6974: 6965: 6956: 6947: 6937: 6935: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6923: 6914: 6904: 6898: 6892: 6891: 6889: 6888: 6878: 6876: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6864: 6860:A. melanoleuca 6854: 6852: 6841: 6826: 6821: 6818: 6817: 6814: 6813: 6810: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6793: 6784: 6778:Eastern wolf ( 6775: 6766: 6760:African wolf ( 6757: 6748: 6742:Domestic dog ( 6739: 6729: 6727: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6706: 6696: 6693: 6692: 6690: 6689: 6680: 6670: 6668: 6657: 6645: 6644: 6641: 6640: 6638: 6637: 6628: 6622:Sechuran fox ( 6619: 6615:L. gymnocercus 6610: 6601: 6595:Darwin's fox ( 6592: 6582: 6580: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6568: 6559: 6549: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6542: 6532: 6530: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6518: 6508: 6502: 6487: 6475: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6467: 6458: 6449: 6440: 6431: 6422: 6413: 6404: 6395: 6386: 6377: 6368: 6364:V. bengalensis 6358: 6356: 6338: 6337: 6335: 6334: 6325: 6315: 6313: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6301: 6291: 6285: 6279: 6278: 6276: 6275: 6266: 6256: 6254: 6243: 6233: 6226: 6225: 6217: 6210: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6202: 6201: 6198: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6186: 6177: 6168: 6159: 6150: 6140: 6138: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6126: 6117: 6108: 6104:B. crassicauda 6098: 6096: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6084: 6075: 6066: 6057: 6047: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6040: 6031: 6022: 6013: 6004: 5995: 5986: 5977: 5968: 5958: 5956: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5944: 5935: 5925: 5919: 5913: 5912: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5905: 5896: 5887: 5878: 5868: 5866: 5858: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5845: 5835: 5833: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5821: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5804: 5795: 5785: 5783: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5754: 5744: 5742: 5731: 5722: 5704: 5703: 5700: 5699: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5692: 5683: 5673: 5671: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5659: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5642: 5638:G. grandidieri 5633: 5623: 5621: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5609: 5599: 5593: 5587: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5579: 5570: 5560: 5558: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5546: 5537: 5527: 5521: 5512: 5495: 5485: 5482: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5466: 5456: 5454: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5442: 5433: 5423: 5417: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5391: 5389: 5378: 5358: 5357: 5352: 5345: 5344: 5341: 5340: 5337: 5336: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5329: 5328: 5327: 5321: 5319: 5309: 5308: 5305: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5289: 5280: 5271: 5262: 5253: 5244: 5235: 5226: 5217: 5208: 5202:Letaba genet ( 5199: 5190: 5184:Common genet ( 5181: 5172: 5163: 5154: 5144: 5142: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5124: 5115: 5105: 5103: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5072: 5063: 5054: 5045: 5035: 5033: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5021: 5012: 5002: 4996: 4981: 4969: 4962: 4961: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4954: 4950:P. zeylonensis 4945: 4936: 4926: 4924: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4912: 4908:Paguma larvata 4903: 4894: 4885: 4875: 4869: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4850: 4841: 4832: 4822: 4820: 4811: 4806: 4799: 4798: 4793: 4786: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4778: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4770: 4769: 4768: 4762: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4746: 4745: 4742: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4730: 4721: 4712: 4703: 4694: 4685: 4679:Domestic cat ( 4676: 4666: 4664: 4656: 4655: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4648: 4639: 4635:P. rubiginosus 4630: 4621: 4612: 4608:P. bengalensis 4602: 4600: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4582:Pallas's cat ( 4578: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4548: 4546: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4524: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4517: 4507: 4505: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4484: 4475: 4469:Iberian lynx ( 4466: 4457: 4447: 4445: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4433: 4424: 4415: 4406: 4397: 4388: 4379: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4350: 4349: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4342: 4333: 4323: 4321: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4309: 4299: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4279: 4270: 4260: 4258: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4246: 4236: 4234: 4223: 4214: 4204: 4201: 4200: 4197: 4196: 4193: 4192: 4190: 4189: 4180: 4171: 4162: 4153: 4147:Snow leopard ( 4143: 4141: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4129: 4120: 4110: 4108: 4097: 4084: 4074: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4063: 4054: 4044: 4042: 4026: 4021: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4010: 4000: 3994: 3989: 3982: 3981: 3973: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3962: 3960:Laurasiatheria 3956: 3950: 3944: 3938: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3920: 3918: 3917: 3910: 3903: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3872: 3867: 3856: 3855:External links 3853: 3851: 3850: 3844: 3831: 3814: 3808: 3798:, ed. (2009). 3792: 3786: 3765: 3748: 3725: 3719: 3706: 3700: 3675: 3669: 3652: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3626: 3601: 3574:(3): 386–392. 3558: 3524: 3522:, p. 101. 3509: 3466: 3419: 3408:(3): 196–204. 3392: 3373:(6): 879–889. 3353: 3326:(3): 220–230. 3310: 3277: 3237: 3194: 3191:on 2011-07-19. 3168:(5): 835–854. 3141: 3114:) by a Fossa ( 3093: 3080:(2): 379–383. 3060: 3018: 2976: 2946: 2934: 2902: 2883: 2834: 2830:Macdonald 2009 2809: 2788:(3): 610–615. 2764: 2750: 2741:The Carnivores 2730: 2685: 2647: 2552: 2511: 2492:(5): 257–282. 2471: 2437:(3): 582–598. 2414: 2336: 2319: 2266: 2235: 2223: 2200: 2188: 2076: 2050: 1997: 1982: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1923:animated film 1803:microsatellite 1786: 1783: 1759:copulatory tie 1731:Fossas have a 1720: 1717: 1658: 1651: 1650: 1649: 1640: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1618: 1615: 1584:Kirindy Forest 1577:radio-collared 1572:Kirindy Forest 1551: 1548: 1513: 1510: 1428: 1425: 1342: 1339: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1237: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1206: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1139: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1067:Malagasy civet 1059: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1007: 1002: 1000: 990: 988: 983: 981: 972: 969: 968: 961: 958: 957: 953: 952: 949: 948: 944: 943: 940: 939: 935: 934: 931: 930: 926: 925: 922: 921: 917: 916: 913: 912: 908: 907: 904: 903: 895: 890: 888: 885: 884: 881: 880: 872: 867: 865: 862: 861: 858: 857: 849: 844: 842: 839: 838: 835: 834: 818: 813: 811: 808: 807: 804: 803: 798: 793: 791: 782: 779: 778: 718:, making them 702:studies using 653:classification 633:Malagasy civet 620: 617: 597:Malayan weasel 595:refers to the 529:"hidden", and 507: 504: 441:, the endemic 294: 293: 292: 291: 277: 276: 270: 269: 261: 260: 252: 251: 245: 234: 233: 227: 226: 219: 217: 213: 212: 205: 201: 200: 195: 191: 190: 185: 181: 180: 175: 171: 170: 165: 161: 160: 155: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 135: 131: 130: 117: 116: 103: 100: 99: 81: 78: 77: 72: 69: 68: 61: 60: 52: 51: 36:Malagasy civet 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9774: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9714: 9712: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9678: 9668: 9664: 9649: 9644: 9640: 9636: 9631: 9627: 9623: 9618: 9614: 9610: 9605: 9601: 9597: 9592: 9588: 9584: 9579: 9575: 9571: 9566: 9562: 9558: 9553: 9549: 9545: 9540: 9536: 9532: 9527: 9523: 9519: 9514: 9510: 9506: 9501: 9497: 9493: 9488: 9484: 9480: 9475: 9471: 9467: 9462: 9458: 9454: 9449: 9445: 9440: 9434: 9430: 9425: 9419: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9410: 9406: 9402: 9397: 9369: 9367: 9362: 9360: 9358: 9353: 9351: 9349: 9344: 9342: 9340: 9335: 9333: 9331: 9326: 9324: 9322: 9317: 9315: 9313: 9308: 9306: 9304: 9303:M. lutreolina 9299: 9297: 9295: 9290: 9288: 9286: 9281: 9279: 9277: 9272: 9270: 9268: 9263: 9261: 9259: 9254: 9252: 9250: 9245: 9243: 9241: 9236: 9234: 9232: 9227: 9225: 9223: 9218: 9217: 9215: 9205: 9204: 9199: 9193: 9191: 9186: 9184: 9182: 9177: 9175: 9173: 9168: 9166: 9164: 9159: 9158: 9156: 9154: 9153: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9139: 9129: 9127: 9122: 9120: 9118: 9113: 9111: 9109: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9099: 9098: 9093: 9087: 9085: 9080: 9079: 9077: 9075: 9074: 9069: 9063: 9061: 9056: 9054: 9052: 9047: 9046: 9044: 9042: 9041: 9036: 9030: 9028: 9023: 9022: 9019: 9013: 9011: 9006: 9005: 9003: 9001: 9000: 8995: 8989: 8987: 8982: 8980: 8978: 8973: 8971: 8969: 8964: 8962: 8960: 8959:L. canadensis 8955: 8954: 8952: 8950: 8949: 8944: 8938: 8936: 8933:Giant otter ( 8931: 8930: 8927: 8924: 8914: 8910: 8896: 8894: 8889: 8887: 8885: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8875: 8874: 8869: 8863: 8861: 8856: 8855: 8852: 8846: 8844: 8839: 8838: 8836: 8834: 8833: 8828: 8825: 8815: 8811: 8801: 8799: 8794: 8792: 8790: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8772: 8771: 8766: 8760: 8758: 8753: 8752: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8731: 8721: 8719: 8714: 8712: 8710: 8705: 8703: 8701: 8696: 8694: 8692: 8691:M. gwatkinsii 8687: 8685: 8683: 8678: 8676: 8674: 8669: 8667: 8665: 8660: 8658: 8656: 8651: 8650: 8648: 8638: 8637: 8632: 8626: 8624: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8613: 8608: 8602: 8600: 8595: 8594: 8592: 8590: 8589: 8584: 8578: 8576: 8571: 8570: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8558: 8552: 8550: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8536: 8534: 8532: 8531:M. orientalis 8527: 8525: 8523: 8518: 8516: 8514: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8500: 8499: 8497: 8487: 8486: 8481: 8471: 8469: 8464: 8462: 8460: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8446: 8444: 8442: 8437: 8436: 8434: 8432: 8431: 8426: 8420: 8418: 8413: 8411: 8409: 8404: 8402: 8400: 8395: 8394: 8392: 8390: 8389: 8384: 8381: 8371: 8367: 8361: 8359: 8354: 8353: 8351: 8349: 8348: 8343: 8337: 8335: 8334:Taxidea taxus 8330: 8329: 8326: 8323: 8320: 8315: 8311: 8307: 8302: 8298: 8281: 8280: 8279: 8278: 8276: 8274: 8270: 8256: 8254: 8249: 8247: 8245: 8244:N. meridensis 8240: 8239: 8237: 8235: 8234: 8229: 8223: 8221: 8216: 8214: 8212: 8207: 8206: 8204: 8202: 8201: 8196: 8193: 8183: 8179: 8173: 8171: 8166: 8164: 8162: 8157: 8155: 8153: 8148: 8146: 8144: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8126: 8125: 8120: 8114: 8112: 8107: 8105: 8103: 8098: 8096: 8094: 8089: 8088: 8086: 8076: 8075: 8070: 8064: 8062: 8057: 8055: 8053: 8048: 8047: 8045: 8043: 8042: 8037: 8031: 8029: 8024: 8023: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8011: 8001: 7999: 7994: 7992: 7990: 7985: 7983: 7981: 7976: 7974: 7972: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7954: 7953: 7948: 7942: 7940: 7935: 7933: 7931: 7930:M. javanensis 7926: 7925: 7923: 7913: 7912: 7907: 7901: 7899: 7894: 7892: 7890: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7880: 7879: 7874: 7868: 7866: 7861: 7859: 7857: 7856:C. leuconotus 7852: 7850: 7848: 7847:C. humboldtii 7843: 7841: 7839: 7834: 7833: 7831: 7821: 7820: 7815: 7812: 7806: 7798: 7794: 7788: 7786: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7759: 7755: 7729: 7727: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7713: 7711: 7709: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7695: 7694: 7691: 7688: 7678: 7674: 7668: 7666: 7661: 7659: 7657: 7652: 7651: 7649: 7639: 7638: 7633: 7623: 7621: 7616: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7610: 7605: 7599: 7597: 7592: 7591: 7588: 7585: 7575: 7571: 7568: 7558: 7554: 7540: 7538: 7535:Baikal seal ( 7533: 7531: 7529: 7526:Ringed seal ( 7524: 7522: 7520: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7509: 7504: 7498: 7496: 7493:Harbor seal ( 7491: 7489: 7487: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7476: 7471: 7465: 7463: 7458: 7456: 7454: 7451:Ribbon seal ( 7449: 7447: 7445: 7440: 7439: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7427: 7421: 7419: 7416:Hooded seal ( 7414: 7412: 7410: 7405: 7404: 7401: 7398: 7388: 7384: 7381: 7369: 7365: 7355: 7353: 7352:A. tropicalis 7348: 7346: 7344: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7330: 7328: 7326: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7312: 7310: 7308: 7303: 7301: 7299: 7294: 7292: 7290: 7285: 7284: 7282: 7280: 7279: 7278:Arctocephalus 7274: 7268: 7266: 7261: 7260: 7257: 7251: 7249: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7227: 7225: 7220: 7219: 7216: 7206: 7204: 7203:Z. wollebaeki 7199: 7197: 7195: 7190: 7189: 7187: 7185: 7184: 7179: 7173: 7171: 7166: 7165: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7153: 7147: 7145: 7140: 7139: 7137: 7135: 7134: 7129: 7126: 7120: 7115: 7111:(eared seals: 7106: 7101: 7095: 7093: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7063: 7059: 7034: 7033: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7023: 7014: 7013: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7000: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6987: 6973: 6971: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6952:U. thibetanus 6948: 6946: 6944: 6943:U. americanus 6939: 6938: 6936: 6934: 6933: 6928: 6922: 6920: 6915: 6913: 6911: 6906: 6905: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6893: 6887: 6885: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6874: 6869: 6863: 6861: 6858:Giant panda ( 6856: 6855: 6853: 6851: 6850: 6845: 6842: 6834: 6830: 6827: 6824: 6819: 6801: 6799: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6785: 6783: 6781: 6776: 6774: 6772: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6758: 6756: 6754: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6744:C. familiaris 6740: 6738: 6736: 6731: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6720: 6714: 6712: 6707: 6705: 6703: 6702:Lycaon pictus 6698: 6697: 6694: 6688: 6686: 6681: 6679: 6677: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6666: 6661: 6658: 6650: 6646: 6636: 6634: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6584: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6578: 6573: 6567: 6565: 6560: 6558: 6556: 6551: 6550: 6547: 6541: 6539: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6529: 6528: 6523: 6517: 6515: 6510: 6509: 6506: 6503: 6495: 6491: 6488: 6480: 6476: 6466: 6464: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6423: 6421: 6419: 6414: 6412: 6410: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6398:Tibetan fox ( 6396: 6394: 6392: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6352: 6345: 6344: 6339: 6333: 6331: 6330:N. viverrinus 6326: 6324: 6322: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6312: 6311: 6306: 6300: 6298: 6293: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6280: 6274: 6272: 6271:U. littoralis 6267: 6265: 6263: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6252: 6247: 6244: 6236: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6215: 6211: 6185: 6183: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6151: 6149: 6147: 6146:H. flavescens 6142: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6136: 6131: 6125: 6123: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6094: 6089: 6083: 6081: 6076: 6074: 6072: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6049: 6048: 6045: 6039: 6037: 6036:U. vitticolla 6032: 6030: 6028: 6023: 6021: 6019: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5996: 5994: 5992: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5969: 5967: 5965: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5949: 5943: 5941: 5940:Xenogale naso 5936: 5934: 5932: 5927: 5926: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5904: 5902: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5879: 5877: 5875: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5864: 5859: 5853: 5851: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5831: 5826: 5820: 5818: 5813: 5812: 5809: 5803: 5801: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5787: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5781: 5776: 5770: 5768: 5763: 5762: 5759: 5753: 5751: 5746: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5740: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5726: 5723: 5714: 5713:sensu stricto 5709: 5705: 5691: 5689: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5669: 5664: 5658: 5656: 5651: 5650: 5647: 5641: 5639: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5619: 5614: 5608: 5606: 5601: 5600: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5578: 5576: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5551: 5545: 5543: 5542:Fossa fossana 5538: 5536: 5534: 5529: 5528: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5516: 5513: 5503: 5499: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5483: 5465: 5463: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5447: 5441: 5439: 5436:Brown hyena ( 5434: 5432: 5430: 5429:Hyaena hyaena 5425: 5424: 5421: 5418: 5410: 5406: 5400: 5398: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5379: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5350: 5346: 5325: 5324: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5288: 5286: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5256:Hausa genet ( 5254: 5252: 5250: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5182: 5180: 5178: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5159:G. angolensis 5155: 5153: 5151: 5150:G. abyssinica 5146: 5145: 5143: 5135: 5134: 5129: 5123: 5121: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5096: 5095: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5081: 5071: 5069: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5059:V. tangalunga 5055: 5053: 5051: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5031: 5026: 5020: 5018: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5004: 5003: 5000: 4997: 4994: 4993:sensu stricto 4989: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4973: 4967: 4963: 4953: 4951: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4911: 4909: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4877: 4876: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4867:Paradoxurinae 4864: 4858: 4856: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4835:Otter civet ( 4833: 4831: 4829: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4812: 4809: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4791: 4787: 4766: 4765: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4755: 4729: 4727: 4726:F. silvestris 4722: 4720: 4718: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4662: 4657: 4647: 4645: 4644:P. viverrinus 4642:Fishing cat ( 4640: 4638: 4636: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4617:P. javanensis 4613: 4611: 4609: 4606:Leopard cat ( 4604: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4598: 4593: 4587: 4585: 4580: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4567: 4557: 4555: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4544: 4539: 4533: 4531: 4526: 4525: 4522: 4516: 4514: 4509: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4495: 4489: 4483: 4481: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4453:L. canadensis 4451:Canada lynx ( 4449: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4443: 4438: 4432: 4430: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4356: 4351: 4341: 4339: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4319: 4314: 4308: 4306: 4301: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4288: 4278: 4276: 4275:C. temminckii 4271: 4269: 4267: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4256: 4251: 4245: 4243: 4240:Marbled cat ( 4238: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4224: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4210:sensu stricto 4207: 4202: 4188: 4186: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4139: 4134: 4128: 4126: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4106: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4085: 4077: 4072: 4068: 4062: 4060: 4059:P. pardicolor 4055: 4053: 4051: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4036: 4035: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4019: 4015: 4009: 4007: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3971: 3967: 3961: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3943: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3932: 3929: 3924: 3916: 3911: 3909: 3904: 3902: 3897: 3896: 3893: 3885: 3884: 3878: 3877:"Fossa" 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3862: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3847: 3841: 3837: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3815: 3811: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3766: 3756:on 2011-07-25 3755: 3751: 3745: 3741: 3740:Lynx Edicions 3737: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3722: 3716: 3712: 3707: 3703: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3661: 3660: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3636: 3635: 3630: 3616:. 9 July 2005 3615: 3611: 3605: 3602: 3597: 3591: 3582: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3559: 3547: 3540: 3539: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3516: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3470: 3467: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3423: 3420: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3396: 3393: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3357: 3354: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3314: 3311: 3299: 3295: 3288: 3281: 3278: 3272: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3253: 3244: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3198: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3156: 3154: 3145: 3142: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3088: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3064: 3061: 3055: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3036: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2996: 2994: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2942:Albignac 1973 2938: 2935: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2838: 2835: 2831: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2777: 2768: 2765: 2753: 2747: 2743: 2742: 2734: 2731: 2718: 2714: 2707: 2705: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2682:(5): 296–311. 2681: 2677: 2673: 2671: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2553: 2540: 2536: 2529: 2527: 2518: 2516: 2512: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2425: 2418: 2415: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2352: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2239: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2224: 2216: 2215: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2198:, p. 39. 2197: 2192: 2189: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2160: 2152: 2150: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2065: 2061: 2054: 2051: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2024: 2019: 2017: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1979: 1975: 1974: 1969: 1968:Wilson, D. E. 1965: 1963: 1957: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1937: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1837: 1832: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1795:IUCN Red List 1792: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1774: 1770: 1769: 1762: 1760: 1755: 1752: 1746: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1725: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1708: 1705: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1680:invertebrates 1677: 1666: 1662: 1655: 1644: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1628:lemur species 1624: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1561: 1556: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1535: 1532: 1528: 1527:spiny forests 1524: 1520: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1502: 1497: 1496: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1449: 1448: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1417:spotted hyena 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1394:os clitoridis 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1358:those of cats 1352: 1347: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1331:penile glands 1328: 1324: 1320: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1276: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1253: 1246: 1231: 1230: 1222: 1221: 1213: 1212: 1204: 1203: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1179: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1162: 1161: 1155: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1145: 1138: 1137: 1131: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1111: 1110: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1074: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1013: 1006: 1005: 999: 998: 994: 993: 987: 986: 979: 976: 975: 971: 970: 966: 965: 962: 951: 950: 942: 941: 933: 932: 924: 923: 915: 914: 906: 905: 902: 900: 894: 893: 887: 886: 883: 882: 879: 877: 871: 870: 864: 863: 860: 859: 856: 854: 848: 847: 841: 840: 837: 836: 833: 831: 827: 823: 817: 816: 810: 809: 806: 805: 802: 797: 796: 789: 786: 785: 781: 780: 776: 775: 772: 771: 768: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 749: 744: 739: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 696:morphological 693: 689: 680: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 637:Fossa fossana 634: 630: 626: 618: 616: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 573:Iban language 570: 565: 563: 559: 554: 547: 543: 539: 536: 532: 528: 524: 523:Ancient Greek 520: 516: 513: 505: 503: 501: 497: 493: 489: 484: 482: 478: 477: 472: 468: 467:IUCN Red List 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 431: 429: 428: 423: 419: 415: 411: 406: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 383: 375: 374: 365: 341: 340: 331: 307: 306: 301: 288: 284: 281: 280: 278: 275: 271: 267: 262: 258: 253: 248: 243: 241: 235: 232: 231:Binomial name 228: 224: 223: 222:C. ferox 218: 215: 214: 211: 210: 206: 203: 202: 199: 196: 193: 192: 189: 186: 183: 182: 179: 176: 173: 172: 169: 166: 163: 162: 159: 156: 153: 152: 149: 146: 143: 142: 139: 136: 133: 132: 127: 122: 118: 112: 106: 101: 95: 90: 79: 75: 70: 67: 62: 58: 53: 48: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 9737:EDGE species 9677:Paleontology 9408: 9365: 9356: 9347: 9338: 9329: 9320: 9311: 9302: 9293: 9284: 9275: 9266: 9257: 9248: 9239: 9230: 9221: 9201: 9189: 9180: 9171: 9162: 9150: 9125: 9116: 9107: 9095: 9083: 9071: 9060:L. sumatrana 9059: 9050: 9038: 9026: 9009: 8997: 8985: 8976: 8967: 8958: 8946: 8934: 8892: 8883: 8871: 8859: 8843:V. peregusna 8842: 8830: 8797: 8788: 8768: 8756: 8743:Lyncodontini 8734:Ictonychinae 8718:M. zibellina 8717: 8708: 8699: 8690: 8681: 8673:M. flavigula 8672: 8663: 8655:M. americana 8654: 8634: 8622: 8610: 8598: 8586: 8575:Eira barbara 8574: 8548: 8540:M. personata 8539: 8530: 8521: 8512: 8503: 8483: 8467: 8458: 8450:M. canescens 8449: 8440: 8428: 8416: 8407: 8398: 8386: 8357: 8345: 8333: 8252: 8243: 8231: 8219: 8210: 8198: 8169: 8160: 8151: 8142: 8122: 8110: 8101: 8092: 8072: 8060: 8059:Cacomistle ( 8051: 8039: 8028:Potos flavus 8027: 7997: 7988: 7979: 7970: 7950: 7938: 7929: 7909: 7897: 7888: 7876: 7864: 7855: 7846: 7837: 7817: 7784: 7725: 7716: 7707: 7698: 7664: 7655: 7635: 7619: 7607: 7595: 7580:(monk seals) 7536: 7527: 7518: 7506: 7494: 7485: 7473: 7461: 7452: 7443: 7417: 7408: 7351: 7343:A. townsendi 7342: 7333: 7325:A. philippii 7324: 7315: 7306: 7297: 7289:A. australis 7288: 7276: 7264: 7247: 7235: 7223: 7202: 7193: 7181: 7169: 7143: 7131: 7091: 6970:U. maritimus 6969: 6968:Polar bear ( 6960: 6959:Brown bear ( 6951: 6942: 6930: 6918: 6909: 6908:Sloth bear ( 6883: 6871: 6859: 6847: 6797: 6788: 6779: 6770: 6761: 6752: 6743: 6734: 6722: 6711:Cuon alpinus 6710: 6701: 6685:L. mesomelas 6684: 6675: 6663: 6632: 6623: 6614: 6613:Pampas fox ( 6605: 6596: 6587: 6575: 6563: 6554: 6538:S. venaticus 6537: 6525: 6513: 6512:Maned wolf ( 6494:Cerdocyonina 6462: 6461:Fennec fox ( 6453: 6444: 6436:V. rueppelli 6435: 6426: 6417: 6408: 6407:Arctic fox ( 6400:V. ferrilata 6399: 6390: 6389:Corsac fox ( 6381: 6372: 6363: 6362:Bengal fox ( 6341: 6329: 6320: 6308: 6296: 6270: 6269:Island fox ( 6261: 6249: 6182:H. sanguinea 6181: 6172: 6163: 6155:H. ichneumon 6154: 6145: 6133: 6121: 6112: 6103: 6091: 6079: 6070: 6061: 6052: 6035: 6026: 6017: 6008: 5999: 5990: 5982:U. edwardsii 5981: 5973:U. brachyura 5972: 5963: 5951: 5939: 5930: 5900: 5891: 5882: 5874:C. alexandri 5873: 5861: 5849: 5840: 5828: 5816: 5799: 5791:M. gambianus 5790: 5778: 5766: 5750:S. suricatta 5749: 5737: 5712: 5687: 5678: 5666: 5654: 5637: 5628: 5616: 5604: 5574: 5565: 5553: 5541: 5532: 5530: 5509:carnivorans) 5490: 5461: 5449: 5437: 5428: 5396: 5384: 5354:Herpestoidea 5317:Herpestoidea 5284: 5276:G. victoriae 5275: 5266: 5265:Cape genet ( 5257: 5249:G. servalina 5248: 5239: 5238:King genet ( 5231:G. piscivora 5230: 5221: 5212: 5203: 5195:G. johnstoni 5194: 5185: 5176: 5167: 5158: 5149: 5131: 5120:P. leightoni 5119: 5110: 5092: 5067: 5058: 5050:V. megaspila 5049: 5041:V. civettina 5040: 5028: 5016: 5007: 4992: 4976: 4949: 4940: 4931: 4919: 4907: 4898: 4889: 4880: 4854: 4845: 4836: 4827: 4725: 4716: 4708:F. margarita 4707: 4698: 4689: 4688:Jungle cat ( 4680: 4671: 4659: 4643: 4634: 4626:P. planiceps 4625: 4616: 4607: 4597:Prionailurus 4595: 4583: 4553: 4541: 4529: 4528:Jaguarundi ( 4512: 4500: 4479: 4470: 4461: 4452: 4440: 4428: 4419: 4410: 4401: 4392: 4383: 4375:L. geoffroyi 4374: 4365: 4364:Pampas cat ( 4353: 4337: 4328: 4316: 4304: 4274: 4265: 4253: 4242:P. marmorata 4241: 4229: 4209: 4184: 4175: 4166: 4157: 4148: 4136: 4124: 4115: 4103: 4058: 4049: 4032: 4005: 3958:Superorder: 3952:Infraclass: 3881: 3864: 3835: 3818: 3799: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3758:. Retrieved 3754:the original 3734: 3710: 3683: 3679: 3658: 3639: 3618:. Retrieved 3613: 3604: 3590:cite journal 3571: 3567: 3561: 3549:. Retrieved 3537: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3469: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3422: 3405: 3401: 3395: 3370: 3366: 3356: 3323: 3319: 3313: 3302:. Retrieved 3297: 3293: 3280: 3264:(1): 64–74. 3261: 3257: 3251: 3218:(1): 34–43. 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3197: 3186:the original 3165: 3161: 3152: 3144: 3133:the original 3128: 3124: 3115: 3111: 3077: 3073: 3063: 3047:(1): 35–43. 3044: 3040: 3034: 3010:the original 3005: 3001: 2992: 2962: 2937: 2920: 2851: 2847: 2837: 2785: 2781: 2775: 2767: 2755:. Retrieved 2740: 2733: 2721:. Retrieved 2716: 2712: 2703: 2679: 2675: 2669: 2643:Goodman 2009 2543:. Retrieved 2541:(1): 129–143 2538: 2534: 2526:Cryptoprocta 2525: 2489: 2485: 2462:. Retrieved 2455:the original 2434: 2430: 2417: 2405:. Retrieved 2398:the original 2361: 2357: 2315:Hawkins 2003 2257:. Retrieved 2252: 2248: 2238: 2231:Garbutt 2007 2226: 2213: 2191: 2179:. Retrieved 2162:(254): 1–5. 2157: 2148: 2067:. Retrieved 2063: 2053: 2041:. Retrieved 2027: 2021: 2015: 1972: 1961: 1925: 1918: 1913:Duisburg Zoo 1902: 1897: 1893: 1865: 1860: 1841: 1833: 1826: 1788: 1766: 1763: 1756: 1751:vocalization 1747: 1742:Intromission 1730: 1709: 1700: 1688:insectivores 1673: 1620: 1606: 1595: 1592: 1581: 1565: 1536: 1515: 1499: 1493: 1483: 1445: 1430: 1421:pseudo-penis 1401:testosterone 1398: 1355: 1350: 1319:scent glands 1316: 1296: 1281: 1258: 1183: 1182: 1166: 1165: 1142: 1141: 1115: 1114: 1091: 1090: 1062: 1061: 1033: 1031: 1016: 1011: 1010: 1009: 997:Cryptoprocta 996: 995: 898: 897: 878:(mongooses) 874: 851: 820: 800: 756: 752: 746: 740: 735: 720:monophyletic 685: 636: 622: 612: 608: 604: 600: 592: 568: 566: 545: 537: 535:species name 533:"anus". The 530: 526: 515:Cryptoprocta 514: 512:generic name 509: 485: 474: 432: 425: 416:, as it has 407: 304: 303: 299: 297: 282: 265: 239: 237: 221: 220: 209:Cryptoprocta 208: 44: 31: 9513:iNaturalist 9433:Wikispecies 9357:M. sibirica 9339:M. putorius 9312:M. nigripes 9294:M. lutreola 9267:M. haidarum 9163:N. africana 9126:A. congicus 9117:A. cinereus 9108:A. capensis 9008:Sea otter ( 8986:L. provocax 8893:I. striatus 8814:Ictonychini 8709:M. melampus 8621:Wolverine ( 8599:P. pennanti 8522:M. moschata 8513:M. everetti 8459:M. leucurus 8417:A. hoevenii 8408:A. collaris 8358:M. capensis 8253:N. olivacea 8168:Olinguito ( 8124:Bassaricyon 8111:P. pygmaeus 8041:Bassariscus 8014:Procyonidae 7989:S. putorius 7980:S. gracilis 7898:M. mephitis 7889:M. macroura 7783:Red panda ( 7763:Musteloidea 7724:Ross seal ( 7677:Lobodontini 7609:Neomonachus 7537:P. sibirica 7495:P. vitulina 7460:Grey seal ( 7442:Harp seal ( 7334:A. pusillus 7298:A. forsteri 7133:Callorhinus 7067:Pinnipedia 7026:Musteloidea 6798:C. simensis 6762:C. lupaster 6631:Hoary fox ( 6624:L. sechurae 6597:L. fulvipes 6588:L. culpaeus 6484:(true dogs) 6443:Swift fox ( 6418:V. macrotis 6310:Nyctereutes 6219:Caniformia 6164:H. ochracea 6122:B. nigripes 6113:B. jacksoni 6000:U. javanica 5917:Herpestinae 5892:C. obscurus 5883:C. ansorgei 5863:Crossarchus 5719:(mongooses) 5708:Herpestidae 5688:S. durrelli 5679:S. concolor 5629:G. fasciata 5566:E. goudotii 5487:Herpestidae 5397:P. cristata 5258:G. thierryi 5213:G. maculata 5177:G. cristata 5168:G. bourloni 4921:Paradoxurus 4879:Binturong ( 4818:Hemigalinae 4795:Viverroidea 4758:Viverroidea 4717:F. nigripes 4569:Leopard cat 4554:P. concolor 4471:L. pardinus 4420:L. tigrinus 4411:L. pardalis 4402:L. jacobita 4393:L. guttulus 4366:L. colocola 4125:N. nebulosa 4095:Pantherinae 3975:Feliformia 3631:Books cited 2196:Borror 1960 1909:Montpellier 1882:snare traps 1733:polyandrous 1610:scent marks 1413:territorial 1312:terrestrial 1308:digitigrade 1247:Description 1184:Mungotictis 1038:giant fossa 876:Herpestidae 753:fosa mainty 692:Herpestidae 661:eye sockets 107:Appendix II 9711:Categories 9330:M. nudipes 9321:M. nivalis 9285:M. kathiah 9240:M. erminea 9231:M. altaica 9181:N. frenata 9172:N. felipei 9142:Mustelinae 8884:I. libycus 8798:G. vittata 8664:M. caurina 8441:M. anakuma 8319:Mustelidae 8306:Mustelidae 8282:see below↓ 8273:Mustelidae 8170:B. neblina 8081:(raccoons) 8052:B. astutus 8050:Ringtail ( 8026:Kinkajou ( 7998:S. pygmaea 7939:M. marchei 7797:Mephitidae 7665:M. leonina 7557:Monachinae 7528:P. hispida 7519:P. caspica 7316:A. gazella 7248:N. cinerea 7144:C. ursinus 7082:Odobenidae 7035:see below↓ 7015:see below↓ 6999:Pinnipedia 6917:Sun bear ( 6884:T. ornatus 6873:Tremarctos 6849:Ailuropoda 6787:Red wolf ( 6753:C. latrans 6676:L. adustus 6633:L. vetulus 6606:L. griseus 6536:Bush dog ( 6427:V. pallida 6425:Pale fox ( 6409:V. lagopus 6380:Cape fox ( 6260:Gray fox ( 6018:U. smithii 5850:H. parvula 5841:H. hirtula 5729:Mungotinae 5618:Galidictis 5591:Galidiinae 5519:Euplerinae 5502:Eupleridae 5491:sensu lato 5462:C. crocuta 5395:Aardwolf ( 5326:see below↓ 5267:G. tigrina 5240:G. poensis 5222:G. pardina 5204:G. letabae 5186:G. genetta 5084:Genettinae 5068:V. zibetha 4988:Viverrinae 4977:sensu lato 4972:Viverrinae 4941:P. jerdoni 4808:Viverridae 4767:see below↓ 4706:Sand cat ( 4513:A. jubatus 4338:C. caracal 4231:Pardofelis 4050:P. linsang 3991:Feliformia 3827:B0006FE92Y 3760:2010-05-31 3648:B000LPMXS6 3620:2020-08-07 3304:2010-05-21 3294:Ecotropica 3125:Lemur News 2535:Zoosystema 2043:24 January 1933:References 1926:Madagascar 1921:DreamWorks 1872:region in 1870:Atsinanana 1799:Endangered 1791:Vulnerable 1768:Commiphora 1684:understory 1568:cathemeral 1560:cathemeral 1473:, and one 1335:prescrotal 1144:Galidictis 978:Eupleridae 899:Eupleridae 822:Viverridae 788:Feliformia 728:Euplerinae 724:Eupleridae 712:Anne Yoder 403:Eupleridae 399:carnivoran 395:Madagascar 283:C. typicus 198:Eupleridae 188:Feliformia 184:Suborder: 89:Vulnerable 9722:Euplerids 9276:M. itatsi 9210:(weasels) 9073:Lutrogale 9010:E. lutris 8968:L. felina 8777:(grisons) 8700:M. martes 8643:(martens) 8561:Guloninae 8347:Mellivora 8220:N. narica 8161:B. medius 8152:B. gabbii 8143:B. alleni 8131:(olingos) 8100:Raccoon ( 7952:Spilogale 7838:C. chinga 7819:Conepatus 7775:Ailuridae 7574:Monachini 7486:P. largha 7156:Otariinae 7119:sea lions 7114:fur seals 7105:Otariidae 6990:Mustelida 6961:U. arctos 6823:Arctoidea 6780:C. lycaon 6735:C. aureus 6665:Lupulella 6577:Lycalopex 6454:V. vulpes 6452:Red fox ( 6416:Kit fox ( 6391:V. corsac 6135:Herpestes 5748:Meerkat ( 5507:(Malagasy 5409:Hyaeninae 5370:Hyaenidae 5285:G. felina 4699:F. lybica 4511:Cheetah ( 4429:L. wiedii 4418:Oncilla ( 4384:L. guigna 4355:Leopardus 4336:Caracal ( 4329:C. aurata 4264:Bay cat ( 4185:P. pardus 4183:Leopard ( 4158:P. tigris 4116:N. diardi 4034:Prionodon 3934:Kingdom: 3923:Carnivora 3772:, Fossa, 3520:Ruud 1970 2971:0015-0754 2929:0015-0754 1960:"Species 1938:Citations 1815:pathogens 1793:" by the 1623:carnivore 1501:Herpestes 1490:vibrissae 1486:rhinarium 1479:deciduous 1471:premolars 1457:3.1.3-4.1 1454:3.1.3-4.1 1434:digestion 1419:) have a 1034:C. spelea 855:(hyenas) 853:Hyaenidae 757:fosa mena 743:subfossil 665:dentition 657:braincase 645:mongooses 641:viverrids 585:etymology 506:Etymology 496:viverrids 455:altricial 410:carnivore 378:Malagasy: 216:Species: 178:Carnivora 144:Kingdom: 138:Eukaryota 9689:Primates 9643:Species+ 9583:14000446 9531:11188015 9418:Wikidata 9256:Ferret ( 9190:N. vison 9051:L. lutra 8919:(otters) 8913:Lutrinae 8770:Galictis 8682:M. foina 8597:Fisher ( 8485:Melogale 8468:M. meles 8388:Arctonyx 8233:Nasuella 8211:N. nasua 8188:(coatis) 8102:P. lotor 7878:Mephitis 7637:Mirounga 7387:Phocinae 7368:Phocidae 7237:Neophoca 7183:Zalophus 7090:Walrus ( 6789:C. rufus 6771:C. lupus 6751:Coyote ( 6586:Culpeo ( 6527:Speothos 6463:V. zerda 6445:V. velox 6382:V. chama 6093:Bdeogale 5991:U. fusca 5830:Helogale 5800:M. mungo 5739:Suricata 5668:Salanoia 5575:E. major 5555:Eupleres 5386:Proteles 5375:(hyenas) 5139:(genets) 4690:F. chaus 4681:F. catus 4672:F. bieti 4552:Cougar ( 4502:Acinonyx 4480:L. rufus 4478:Bobcat ( 4427:Margay ( 4409:Ocelot ( 4382:Kodkod ( 4303:Serval ( 4266:C. badia 4255:Catopuma 4165:Jaguar ( 4149:P. uncia 4138:Panthera 4105:Neofelis 4023:Feloidea 3954:Eutheria 3948:Mammalia 3942:Chordata 3940:Phylum: 3936:Animalia 3732:(eds.). 3551:18 April 3504:23200749 3461:23088387 3348:55393370 3182:22662679 2878:12396496 2804:11870065 2757:18 April 2723:18 April 2545:18 April 2464:18 April 2451:15012940 2386:12610623 2259:18 April 2069:18 April 2064:Discover 1992:62265494 1958:(2005). 1878:bushmeat 1807:sequence 1719:Breeding 1594:sifaka ( 1550:Behavior 1463:incisors 1390:clitoris 1378:is spiny 1337:glands. 1327:anal sac 1323:perianal 1306:) and a 1304:arboreal 1261:mongoose 1168:Salanoia 1093:Eupleres 1012:C. ferox 761:melanism 732:falanouc 659:, large 619:Taxonomy 558:Malagasy 443:primates 389:that is 287:A. Smith 274:Synonyms 194:Family: 168:Mammalia 158:Chordata 154:Phylum: 148:Animalia 134:Domain: 94:IUCN 3.1 9701:Mammals 9663:Portals 9570:1006028 9505:2433516 9424:Q183330 9258:M. furo 9203:Mustela 9152:Neogale 8999:Enhydra 8873:Ictonyx 8832:Vormela 8789:G. cuja 8716:Sable ( 8623:G. gulo 8588:Pekania 8573:Tayra ( 8370:Melinae 8182:Nasuina 8074:Procyon 7430:Phocini 7069:(seals) 7004:(seals) 6896:Ursinae 6838:(bears) 6833:Ursidae 6709:Dhole ( 6499:(zorro) 6373:V. cana 6283:Vulpini 6251:Urocyon 6235:Canidae 6027:U. urva 5531:Fossa ( 5451:Crocuta 5133:Genetta 5030:Viverra 4571:lineage 4493:lineage 4462:L. lynx 4318:Caracal 4292:lineage 4290:Caracal 4222:lineage 4220:Bay cat 4206:Felinae 4167:P. onca 4156:Tiger ( 4076:Felidae 3946:Class: 3925:species 3921:Extant 3886:. 1905. 3441:Bibcode 3387:7995708 3328:Bibcode 3300:: 59–65 3232:9170643 2869:1691120 2719:: 11–17 2678:. N.F. 2494:Bibcode 2394:4404379 2366:Bibcode 2176:3503919 1819:anthrax 1704:sifakas 1696:tenrecs 1692:rodents 1495:Galidia 1461:(three 1447:Viverra 1366:baculum 1288:abdomen 1116:Galidia 980: 790: 765:leucism 704:nuclear 649:Felidae 540:is the 527:crypto- 465:on the 451:rodents 447:tenrecs 401:family 391:endemic 247:Bennett 204:Genus: 174:Order: 164:Class: 109: ( 92: ( 64:At the 9635:232151 9622:768514 9544:621973 9492:347438 9461:ARKive 8948:Lontra 8636:Martes 7911:Mydaus 7805:skunks 6769:Wolf ( 6649:Canina 6479:Canini 6343:Vulpes 6239:(dogs) 5780:Mungos 5094:Poiana 4176:P. leo 4174:Lion ( 4080:(cats) 3861:ARKive 3842: 3825: 3806: 3784: 3746: 3717: 3698: 3667: 3646: 3502: 3459: 3385: 3346: 3230: 3180: 2969: 2927: 2876: 2866: 2802: 2748: 2449: 2407:19 May 2392: 2384: 2358:Nature 2181:19 May 2174: 1990: 1980: 1531:canopy 1521:, the 1506:carpal 1467:canine 1465:, one 1438:facial 1362:hyenas 830:genets 826:civets 651:, its 647:, and 577:Borneo 531:procta 525:words 439:lemurs 414:cougar 387:mammal 289:, 1834 249:, 1833 50:Fossa 34:, see 9609:82917 9596:94188 9526:IRMNG 9518:41578 9097:Aonyx 9040:Lutra 8430:Meles 8200:Nasua 7475:Phoca 6932:Ursus 6724:Canis 6351:foxes 4661:Felis 3542:(PDF) 3457:S2CID 3383:S2CID 3344:S2CID 3290:(PDF) 3189:(PDF) 3178:S2CID 3158:(PDF) 3136:(PDF) 3121:(PDF) 3013:(PDF) 2998:(PDF) 2709:(PDF) 2531:(PDF) 2458:(PDF) 2427:(PDF) 2401:(PDF) 2390:S2CID 2354:(PDF) 2218:(PDF) 2172:JSTOR 2154:(PDF) 1966:. In 1862:Taboo 1676:scats 1475:molar 1374:shaft 1370:glans 1292:gland 1063:Fossa 1017:Fossa 716:clade 589:Malay 560:, an 542:Latin 538:ferox 500:clade 420:many 300:fossa 111:CITES 105:CITES 32:Fossa 9648:9088 9591:NCBI 9557:5760 9552:IUCN 9539:ITIS 9500:GBIF 9479:ZZ3R 8612:Gulo 7508:Pusa 5953:Urva 4543:Puma 4491:Puma 4442:Lynx 3840:ISBN 3823:ASIN 3804:ISBN 3782:ISBN 3774:Fosa 3744:ISBN 3715:ISBN 3696:ISBN 3665:ISBN 3644:ASIN 3596:link 3568:Oryx 3553:2019 3500:PMID 3482:)". 3431:)". 3228:PMID 3041:Oryx 2967:ISSN 2925:ISSN 2874:PMID 2800:PMID 2759:2019 2746:ISBN 2725:2019 2547:2019 2466:2019 2447:PMID 2409:2010 2382:PMID 2261:2019 2255:: 46 2253:1833 2183:2010 2071:2019 2045:2022 2028:2016 1988:OCLC 1978:ISBN 1905:zoos 1898:fady 1866:fady 1846:and 1821:and 1617:Diet 1376:and 1360:and 763:and 706:and 613:fosa 609:posa 605:pusa 593:pusa 569:posa 546:fosa 519:anus 510:The 492:cats 486:Its 476:fady 337:FOSS 298:The 9578:MSW 9565:MDD 9487:EoL 9474:CoL 9448:ADW 3688:doi 3576:doi 3492:doi 3488:193 3449:doi 3410:doi 3406:277 3375:doi 3336:doi 3266:doi 3220:doi 3170:doi 3082:doi 3049:doi 2864:PMC 2856:doi 2852:269 2790:doi 2502:doi 2439:doi 2374:doi 2362:421 2164:doi 2032:doi 1284:rut 710:by 556:in 422:cat 393:to 373:-sə 371:FOO 342:or 9713:: 9645:: 9632:: 9619:: 9606:: 9593:: 9580:: 9567:: 9554:: 9541:: 9528:: 9515:: 9502:: 9489:: 9476:: 9463:: 9450:: 9435:: 9420:: 3880:. 3742:. 3738:. 3694:. 3612:. 3592:}} 3588:{{ 3572:43 3570:. 3544:. 3527:^ 3512:^ 3498:. 3486:. 3455:. 3447:. 3437:10 3435:. 3404:. 3381:. 3371:68 3369:. 3365:. 3342:. 3334:. 3324:12 3322:. 3296:. 3292:. 3262:89 3260:. 3256:. 3240:^ 3226:. 3216:68 3214:. 3176:. 3166:16 3164:. 3160:. 3129:10 3127:. 3123:. 3118:)" 3096:^ 3078:28 3076:. 3072:. 3045:39 3043:. 3039:. 3021:^ 3006:20 3004:. 3000:. 2979:^ 2949:^ 2905:^ 2886:^ 2872:. 2862:. 2850:. 2846:. 2812:^ 2798:. 2786:66 2784:. 2780:. 2717:37 2715:. 2711:. 2688:^ 2680:73 2674:. 2672:)" 2650:^ 2555:^ 2539:26 2537:. 2533:. 2514:^ 2500:. 2490:72 2488:. 2474:^ 2445:. 2435:30 2433:. 2429:. 2388:. 2380:. 2372:. 2360:. 2356:. 2339:^ 2322:^ 2269:^ 2251:. 2247:. 2203:^ 2170:. 2156:. 2079:^ 2062:. 2026:. 2020:. 2000:^ 1986:. 1945:^ 1690:, 1604:. 1562:). 1407:, 1403:, 1190:) 1122:) 1069:) 1040:) 1019:) 828:, 643:, 591:: 483:. 449:, 405:. 376:; 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