128:, spontaneous self-assembling liquid crystals or lipid mesophases have been used successfully in the crystallization of integral membrane proteins. Temperature, salts, detergents, various additives are used in this system to tailor the cubic phase to suit the target protein. Typical detergents used are
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are needed to maintain a well defined conformation. Certain strategies, like replacing precipitants and buffers with others intended to have a similar effect, have been used to differentiate between the roles played in protein crystallization by the various components in the crystallization solution.
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that may cause a protein to precipitate vigorously even when used in small amounts are considered adjutants. Crystallization adjutants are considered additives when they are effective at relatively low concentrations. The distinction between
108:, the situation is more complicated because the system that is being crystallized is not the membrane protein itself but the micellar system in which the membrane protein is embedded. The size of the protein-detergent mixed
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have a high ionic strength and at the typical buffer concentrations they also act as precipitants. Various species such as Ca and Zn are a biological requirement for certain proteins to fold correctly and certain
124:) and secondary detergents can be used to modulate the size and shape of the detergent micelles. By reducing the size of the mixed micelles lattice forming protein-protein contacts are encouraged.
47:, and become incorporated at a fixed position in the resulting crystal or have a role within the disordered solvent, that in protein crystals constitute roughly 50% of the lattice volume.
195:
Quantitative structure-activity relationship of human neutrophil collagenase (MMP-8) inhibitors using comparative molecular field analysis and X-ray structure analysis.
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that induce protein precipitation when used in high concentrations are classified as precipitants, while certain other salts such as
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In macromolecular crystallography, the term additive is used instead of adjutant. An additive can either interact directly with the
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which will strongly influence the crystals obtained. In addition to varying the concentration of primary detergents, additives (
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in becomes incorporated in crystals of human neutrophil collagenase) but their main use is to maintain the rather precise
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360:"Detergents Destabilize the Cubic Phase of Monoolein: Implications for Membrane Protein Crystallization"
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and adjutants is also fuzzy. Buffer molecules can become part of the lattice (for example
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requirements for crystallization that many proteins have. Commonly used buffers such as
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The 'Jeffamine' group of compounds, a number of which are commonly used adjutants
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Crystallization of
Proteins: Techniques, Strategies and Tips. A laboratory manual
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Stura, E.A. (1998). "Strategy 3: Reverse
Screening.". In Bergfors, T. (ed.).
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Stura E.A, Satterthwait, A.C, Calvo, J.C, Kaslow, D.C, Wilson, I.A. (1994).
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334:"List of host lipids compatible with in meso crystallization trials"
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Additives for protein crystallization and concentration range
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M Caffrey (2003). "Membrane protein crystallization".
217:. International University Line. pp. 113–124.
100:Additives for Membrane Protein Crystallization
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268:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
39:Additives in Macromolecular Crystallization
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57:and high-ionic strength salts such as
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285:Crystallization of membrane proteins
112:are affected by both additives and
152:; the various lipids are dioleoyl
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358:Misquitta Y.; Caffrey M. (2003).
31:is a material used to promote
1:
384:10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74727-4
312:10.1016/S1047-8477(03)00043-1
130:n-dodecyl-β-d-maltopyranoside
283:Hartmut Michel, ed. (1991).
150:n-octyl-β-d-glucopyranoside
146:n-nonyl-β-d-glucopyranoside
142:n-hexyl-β-d-glucopyranoside
134:n-decyl-β-d-glucopyranoside
462:
247:10.1107/S0907444994001794
138:lauryldimethylamine oxide
158:phosphatidylethanolamine
29:crystallization adjutant
18:Crystallisation adjutant
51:Polyethylene glycols
376:2003BpJ....85.3084M
234:Acta Crystallogr. D
230:"Reverse Screening"
202:10.2210/pdb1BZS/pdb
154:phosphatidylcholine
429:2006-10-13 at the
126:Lipid cubic phases
106:membrane proteins
55:molecular weights
16:(Redirected from
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287:. CRC Press.
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67:zinc sulfate
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156:, dioleoyl
61:and sodium
53:of various
364:Biophys. J
344:2011-12-09
168:References
114:detergents
93:co-factors
162:monoolein
440:Category
427:Archived
402:14581209
320:12718924
256:15299400
122:alcohols
110:micelles
393:1303585
372:Bibcode
88:citrate
76:buffers
63:citrate
45:protein
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140:LDAO,
118:lipids
80:HEPES
398:PMID
316:PMID
270:link
252:PMID
160:and
148:and
120:and
104:For
388:PMC
380:doi
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304:142
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