532:
352:
104:
118:
1015:
55:
1278:-serine, sometimes combined with glycine. Response to treatment is variable and the long-term and functional outcome is unknown. To provide a basis for improving the understanding of the epidemiology, genotype/phenotype correlation and outcome of these diseases their impact on the quality of life of patients, as well as for evaluating diagnostic and therapeutic strategies a patient registry was established by the noncommercial
1078:
75:
964:
2928:
826:
1851:
D-Serine is more potent than glycine as a coagonist at the NMDA receptor, has a regional distribution in the brain that is similar to that of NMDA receptors and appears to be more closely associated with synaptic NMDA receptors than glycine (which is more closely associated with non-synaptic NMDA
1273:
These enzyme defects lead to severe neurological symptoms such as congenital microcephaly and severe psychomotor retardation and in addition, in patients with 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency to intractable seizures. These symptoms respond to a variable degree to treatment with
1286:
1912:
D-Serine is functionally a more potent activator of synaptic NMDARs than glycine, and mounting evidence suggests that it serves as the major NMDAR co-agonist in limbic brain regions implicated in neuropsychiatric
4736:
1279:
4756:
7979:
3241:
1305:-serine as a non-essential amino acid has come to be considered as conditional, since vertebrates such as humans cannot always synthesize optimal quantities over entire lifespans. Safety of
6753:
4729:
6787:
1766:
Liu Y, Hill RH, Arhem P, von Euler G (2001). "NMDA and glycine regulate the affinity of the Mg2+-block site in NR1-1a/NR2A NMDA receptor channels expressed in
Xenopus oocytes".
2682:
Madeira C, Lourenco MV, Vargas-Lopes C, Suemoto CK, Brandão CO, Reis T, Leite RE, Laks J, Jacob-Filho W, Pasqualucci CA, Grinberg LT, Ferreira ST, Panizzutti R (May 5, 2015).
7972:
6746:
2884:
7945:
7711:
4722:
3234:
1676:
1709:
7965:
1184:-serine is a more potent agonist at the NMDAR glycine site than glycine itself. However, D-serine has been shown to work as an antagonist/inverse co-agonist of
1927:"Triheteromeric N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors differentiate synaptic inputs onto pyramidal neurons in somatosensory cortex: involvement of the GluN3A subunit"
3227:
585:
7934:
4010:
1257:
2303:
Tabatabaie L, Klomp LW, Berger R, de Koning TJ (March 2010). "L-Serine synthesis in the central nervous system: a review on serine deficiency disorders".
2092:
Takarada T, Hinoi E, Takahata Y, Yoneda Y (May 2008). "Serine racemase suppresses chondrogenic differentiation in cartilage in a Sox9-dependent manner".
813:
amino acid. It can be synthesized in the human body under normal physiological circumstances, making it a nonessential amino acid. It is encoded by the
6780:
5805:
2877:
1313:, patients (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01835782), but treatment of ALS symptoms has yet to be shown. A 2011 meta-analysis found adjunctive
3177:
2260:
229:
5837:
3436:
1604:
7410:
5426:
6773:
4128:
3749:
3340:
5745:
3345:
2407:"The non-protein amino acid BMAA is misincorporated into human proteins in place of L-serine causing protein misfolding and aggregation"
7398:
8509:
8494:
6674:
5501:
2870:
2464:
Levine TD, Miller RG, Bradley WG, Moore DH, Saperstein DS, Flynn LE, Katz JS, Forshew DA, Metcalf JS, Banack SA, Cox PA (2017-01-02).
1693:
2354:
Metcalf JS, Dunlop RA, Powell JT, Banack SA, Cox PA (2017). "L-Serine: a
Naturally-Occurring Amino Acid with Therapeutic Potential".
7927:
1658:
1422:
546:
1442:
2180:
Ghasemi M, Rezania F, Lewin J, Moore KP, Mani AR (Jun 2010). "D-Serine modulates neurogenic relaxation in rat corpus cavernosum".
8095:
2625:"Multiple risk pathways for schizophrenia converge in serine racemase knockout mice, a mouse model of NMDA receptor hypofunction"
1290:
8524:
8504:
8499:
4003:
3571:
2521:
Singh SP, Singh V (Oct 2011). "Meta-analysis of the efficacy of adjunctive NMDA receptor modulators in chronic schizophrenia".
1267:
971:
5301:
5007:
1206:
amino acid discovered to naturally exist in humans, present as a signaling molecule in the brain, soon after the discovery of
8019:
5659:
4427:
1339:
of probable AD patients. D-serine, which is made in the brain, has been shown to work as an antagonist/inverse co-agonist of
907:
7650:
1262:
389:
217:
8322:
7697:
7406:
7394:
7257:
7252:
5407:
4745:
4097:
3600:
1866:"D-Serine as the gatekeeper of NMDA receptor activity: implications for the pharmacologic management of anxiety disorders"
739:
8469:
7920:
7726:
6739:
4447:
4422:
4062:
3730:
3167:
471:
5555:
2215:
Kawai M, Sekine-Hayakawa Y, Okiyama A, Ninomiya Y (Dec 2012). "Gustatory sensation of L- and D-amino acids in humans".
1674:
Karlheinz Drauz, Ian
Grayson, Axel Kleemann, Hans-Peter Krimmer, Wolfgang Leuchtenberger, Christoph Weckbecker (2006).
6034:
3908:
3441:
1082:
509:
1180:-serine must bind to it; in addition a pore blocker must not be bound (e.g. Mg or Zn). Some research has shown that
8489:
7568:
5827:
3996:
2857:
1703:
922:
701:
1309:-serine has been demonstrated in an FDA-approved human phase I clinical trial with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,
1225:-serine plays a signaling role in peripheral tissues and organs such as cartilage, kidney, and corpus cavernosum.
74:
8226:
8002:
7402:
4515:
4202:
4133:
3797:
3705:
3431:
3380:
3355:
2951:
2731:
Beesley S, Sullenberger T, Crotty K, Ailani R, D'Orio C, Evans K, Ogunkunle EO, Roper MG, Kumar SS (2020-10-02).
1086:
941:
359:
5526:
5460:
4790:
4452:
3918:
3725:
3581:
3360:
2893:
1217:
amino acids been discovered in humans sooner, the glycine site on the NMDA receptor might instead be named the
999:
979:
945:
926:
911:
899:
853:
841:
1520:
8156:
7572:
5672:
3365:
8519:
8417:
8381:
8221:
6876:
6850:
6807:
6689:
4565:
4457:
4123:
3764:
3720:
3548:
3321:
1492:
1982:"The t-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor: Making the case for d-Serine to be considered its inverse co-agonist"
1317:
to have a medium effect size for negative and total symptoms of schizophrenia. There also is evidence that
347:
54:
8166:
7576:
7482:
7366:
7292:
7169:
7005:
6845:
6564:
6039:
5832:
5644:
5635:
4570:
4437:
4417:
4382:
4282:
3973:
3852:
3829:
3667:
3576:
3503:
3408:
3296:
3256:
3187:
1381:
1344:
1332:
7356:
8050:
8008:
7856:
7786:
7743:
7390:
7361:
7311:
7217:
6813:
6559:
5487:
5184:
4560:
4477:
4092:
3789:
3465:
3182:
3172:
271:
141:
8434:
7247:
7242:
7381:
2796:
Wang J, Serratrice N, Lee CJ, François F, Sweedler JV, Puel JL, Mothet JP, Ruel J (17 December 2021).
960:
these enzymes are encoded by the genes serA (EC 1.1.1.95), serC (EC 2.6.1.52), and serB (EC 3.1.3.3).
8444:
8040:
7884:
7584:
7129:
7095:
5682:
5397:
5138:
4487:
4462:
4082:
4077:
3264:
3253:
3192:
2744:
2636:
2418:
2046:
2029:
Mothet JP, Parent AT, Wolosker H, Brady RO, Linden DJ, Ferris CD, Rogawski MA, Snyder SH (Apr 2000).
110:
7062:
6069:
5194:
527:
103:
7564:
7346:
7083:
6968:
6611:
6044:
5450:
4877:
4775:
3965:
3754:
3446:
3426:
2996:
1727:
1336:
1285:
Besides disruption of serine biosynthesis, its transport may also become disrupted. One example is
983:
918:
165:
124:
8035:
7548:
7544:
7540:
7532:
5511:
8439:
8368:
8358:
8121:
8070:
8065:
7994:
7841:
7836:
7826:
7732:
6984:
6799:
6654:
5987:
5982:
5905:
5822:
5677:
5666:
5496:
4748:
4467:
4308:
4287:
4236:
3375:
2943:
2546:
2503:
2387:
2285:
2240:
2117:
1962:
891:
724:
8176:
8111:
8045:
7791:
6423:
6408:
5940:
5810:
5770:
5113:
3219:
1596:
1589:
1353:-Serine has been theorized as a potential treatment for sensorineural hearing disorders such as
117:
8353:
8276:
8261:
8231:
8186:
8151:
8146:
8085:
8080:
7894:
7776:
7668:
7302:
7155:
6972:
6928:
6659:
6639:
6634:
6591:
6418:
6388:
6079:
5977:
5950:
5900:
5867:
5847:
5842:
5785:
5780:
5765:
5755:
5735:
5730:
5321:
5281:
5229:
4967:
4902:
4892:
4887:
8271:
8236:
8211:
8206:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8075:
7761:
7660:
7341:
7331:
7221:
7139:
7023:
6569:
5935:
5920:
5692:
5687:
5575:
5475:
5371:
5189:
5082:
4277:
4251:
3913:
3871:
3207:
3029:
2837:
2819:
2778:
2760:
2713:
2664:
2623:
Balu DT, Li Y, Puhl MD, Benneyworth MA, Basu AC, Takagi S, Bolshakov VY, Coyle JT (Jun 2013).
2605:
2587:
2538:
2495:
2487:
2446:
2379:
2371:
2322:
2277:
2232:
2197:
2162:
2109:
2074:
2011:
2003:
1954:
1946:
1903:
1885:
1842:
1824:
1783:
1740:
1689:
1654:
1600:
1418:
982:. However, that reaction is reversible, and will convert excess glycine to serine. SHMT is a
810:
8266:
8256:
8246:
8171:
8126:
7899:
7416:
7034:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
5972:
5392:
4867:
8391:
8311:
8201:
8196:
7988:
7602:
7431:
6999:
6995:
6824:
6796:
6124:
5441:
5387:
5165:
5103:
4780:
4681:
4638:
4432:
4019:
3421:
3301:
2827:
2809:
2768:
2752:
2703:
2695:
2654:
2644:
2595:
2577:
2530:
2477:
2436:
2426:
2363:
2314:
2269:
2224:
2189:
2152:
2101:
2064:
2054:
1993:
1938:
1893:
1877:
1832:
1814:
1775:
1748:
1681:
1540:
1473:
1464:"Nomenclature and symbolism for amino acids and peptides (IUPAC-IUB Recommendations 1983)",
955:
690:
617:
62:
8281:
8241:
7756:
5062:
4714:
1202:-serine was thought to exist only in bacteria until relatively recently; it was the second
497:
489:
481:
308:
8514:
8055:
7492:
7336:
7307:
7177:
7039:
7029:
6991:
6624:
6574:
6334:
6254:
6219:
6119:
5955:
5790:
5560:
5470:
5239:
5204:
5037:
4972:
4815:
4633:
3715:
3523:
2305:
1141:
1006:
933:
868:
protein, a particularly rich source, in 1865 by Emil Cramer. Its name is derived from the
292:
1803:"D-Serine: Potential Therapeutic Agent and/or Biomarker in Schizophrenia and Depression?"
300:
192:
184:
7957:
2748:
2640:
2422:
2258:
de Koning TJ (April 2006). "Treatment with amino acids in serine deficiency disorders".
2050:
1801:
MacKay MA, Kravtsenyuk M, Thomas R, Mitchell ND, Dursun SM, Baker GB (6 February 2019).
1438:
1241:-Serine is sweet with an additional minor sour taste at medium and high concentrations.
978:(retro-aldol cleavage) from serine, transferring the resulting formalddehyde synthon to
531:
351:
250:
176:
7991:
7879:
7781:
7451:
7371:
7205:
6980:
6938:
6534:
6514:
6279:
6214:
6134:
6114:
5910:
5382:
5311:
5098:
5017:
4695:
4313:
4256:
4221:
4087:
3710:
3350:
3311:
3129:
2832:
2797:
2773:
2732:
2708:
2683:
2659:
2624:
2600:
2565:
2441:
2406:
2157:
2141:-methyl-D-aspartate receptors contribute to sensory activation in the rat renal pelvis"
2136:
1942:
1898:
1865:
1837:
1802:
1014:
787:
733:
2862:
2684:"D-Serine levels in Alzheimer's disease: implications for novel biomarker development"
1779:
1077:
8483:
8424:
7610:
7520:
7467:
7436:
7189:
7109:
7068:
7019:
6976:
6948:
6704:
6699:
6679:
6539:
6504:
6359:
6354:
6344:
6319:
6314:
6249:
6209:
6169:
5750:
5455:
5367:
5306:
5251:
5219:
5078:
5012:
4832:
4805:
4757:
4686:
4613:
4328:
4057:
3895:
3862:
3824:
3682:
3566:
3202:
3123:
3117:
3019:
2550:
2534:
2069:
2030:
1998:
1981:
1647:
1620:
1185:
1173:
1153:
806:
679:
340:
2391:
2289:
2244:
2121:
1966:
7644:
7588:
7580:
7536:
7504:
7114:
7091:
6494:
6324:
6294:
6199:
6164:
6099:
6084:
5862:
5363:
5336:
5291:
5088:
5074:
5042:
4992:
4947:
4667:
4647:
4502:
4369:
4292:
4194:
3933:
3811:
3687:
3518:
3451:
3316:
3306:
3286:
2917:
2507:
1723:
1354:
1249:
Serine deficiency disorders are rare defects in the biosynthesis of the amino acid
1122:
1098:
963:
849:
791:
6840:
4154:
3370:
2482:
2465:
1685:
460:
2431:
444:
8454:
7889:
7806:
7672:
7614:
7606:
7496:
7351:
7272:
7262:
7209:
7159:
7058:
7043:
7015:
6886:
6684:
6669:
6649:
6619:
6549:
6433:
6413:
6403:
6398:
6378:
6339:
6289:
6284:
6269:
6259:
6224:
6174:
6144:
6139:
6129:
6049:
5992:
5945:
5877:
5852:
5800:
5715:
5601:
5539:
5516:
5224:
5209:
5155:
5143:
4957:
4932:
4820:
4795:
4492:
4164:
4067:
3663:
3161:
3094:
2566:"L-serine: a neglected amino acid with a potential therapeutic role in diabetes"
2318:
1731:
1558:
1327:-Serine is being studied in rodents as a potential treatment for schizophrenia.
1106:
857:
767:
452:
2927:
2756:
2629:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2039:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1881:
1121:
in bacteria. It is also the precursor to numerous other metabolites, including
8345:
8161:
7846:
7821:
7801:
7796:
7771:
7676:
7664:
7636:
7554:
7528:
7524:
7510:
7500:
7471:
7459:
7455:
7426:
7421:
7376:
7315:
7297:
7282:
7201:
7185:
7181:
7163:
7147:
7099:
7087:
7073:
7010:
6933:
6891:
6765:
6722:
6694:
6644:
6629:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6529:
6499:
6489:
6428:
6364:
6349:
6329:
6274:
6244:
6229:
6204:
6189:
6154:
6149:
6109:
6104:
6074:
6059:
6019:
5997:
5960:
5930:
5915:
5895:
5653:
5623:
5606:
5596:
5351:
5341:
5316:
5271:
5148:
5133:
5128:
5108:
5067:
5057:
5047:
5027:
5022:
4982:
4977:
4937:
4927:
4912:
4852:
4827:
4534:
4482:
4442:
4323:
4318:
4300:
4246:
4027:
3943:
3819:
3784:
3774:
3759:
3740:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3528:
3416:
3395:
3268:
3250:
3197:
3038:
3014:
2971:
2960:
2814:
2367:
2273:
2228:
2193:
1544:
1375:
1149:
1118:
1094:
895:
771:
763:
648:
599:
378:
282:
224:
86:
2823:
2764:
2591:
2491:
2375:
2007:
1950:
1889:
1828:
1819:
1752:
8291:
8216:
8191:
8116:
7874:
7831:
7816:
7811:
7682:
7626:
7622:
7515:
7446:
7386:
7326:
7321:
7287:
7197:
7193:
7134:
7124:
7103:
7049:
6953:
6920:
6519:
6509:
6467:
6393:
6383:
6309:
6304:
6264:
6239:
6234:
6184:
6159:
6089:
6064:
6054:
6029:
6024:
6014:
5890:
5775:
5760:
5740:
5725:
5720:
5611:
5436:
5431:
5377:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5214:
5123:
5118:
5093:
5002:
4942:
4922:
4917:
4907:
4897:
4872:
4800:
4551:
4355:
4261:
4174:
3843:
3659:
3624:
3557:
3543:
3088:
3053:
3043:
3004:
2649:
1507:"Ich werde den in Frage stehenden Körper unter dem Namen Serin beschreiben."
1477:
1370:
1314:
1207:
1157:
887:
2841:
2782:
2717:
2668:
2609:
2542:
2499:
2450:
2383:
2326:
2281:
2236:
2201:
2166:
2113:
2078:
2059:
2015:
1958:
1926:
1907:
1846:
1787:
1237:-serine is an off-white crystalline powder with a very faint musty aroma.
31:
874:
825:
8449:
8386:
8335:
8181:
7869:
7655:
7640:
7630:
7618:
7487:
7477:
7463:
7277:
7143:
7119:
7078:
6943:
6664:
6462:
6369:
6194:
6179:
6094:
6009:
5925:
5815:
5697:
5628:
5618:
5480:
5346:
5244:
5052:
4472:
4336:
4241:
4052:
3899:
3886:
3833:
3655:
3619:
3610:
3514:
3475:
3291:
3141:
3135:
3082:
3009:
1633:
1358:
1114:
319:
1129:, which is the principal donor of one-carbon fragments in biosynthesis.
929:
914:
329:
17:
7766:
7598:
7267:
7213:
7151:
7054:
6958:
6904:
6896:
6881:
6860:
6855:
6708:
6554:
6544:
6524:
6479:
5965:
5580:
5565:
5531:
5465:
5356:
5234:
4952:
4882:
4862:
4810:
4672:
4588:
4184:
4169:
4159:
4149:
4102:
4072:
3591:
3510:
3489:
3480:
3399:
3385:
3331:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2965:
2912:
2907:
2699:
1287:
spastic tetraplegia, thin corpus callosum, and progressive microcephaly
1169:
1165:
1110:
1102:
1022:
975:
948:
861:
669:
430:
360:
2582:
2105:
8305:
7594:
6584:
6484:
5857:
5570:
4842:
4837:
4762:
Tooltip α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor
3696:
3277:
3076:
2955:
2733:"D-serine mitigates cell loss associated with temporal lobe epilepsy"
1126:
814:
261:
3988:
1335:(AD) diagnosis, due to a relatively high concentration of it in the
805:
form under biological conditions), and a side chain consisting of a
732:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
2798:"Physiopathological Relevance of D-Serine in the Mammalian Cochlea"
1331:-Serine also has been described as a potential biomarker for early
418:
410:
7227:
6579:
6004:
5795:
5521:
5331:
4857:
4847:
4401:
4207:
962:
869:
856:
to the human diet, since it is synthesized in the body from other
824:
240:
228:
216:
205:
35:
1280:
International
Working Group on Neurotransmitter Related Disorders
7687:
7559:
7232:
6472:
6299:
5885:
5872:
5506:
5326:
5296:
5286:
5199:
5032:
4997:
4987:
4785:
1441:. IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature. 1983.
1289:, a disease caused by mutations that affect the function of the
903:
865:
400:
7961:
6769:
4718:
3992:
3223:
2866:
2466:"Phase I clinical trial of safety of L-serine for ALS patients"
766:
that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-
7173:
5710:
2031:"D-Serine is an endogenous ligand for the glycine site of the
1310:
2470:
Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration
1509:(I will describe the body in question by the name "serine".)
1343:-NMDA receptors mitigating neuron loss in an animal model of
555:
InChI=1S/C3H7NO3/c4-2(1-5)3(6)7/h2,5H,1,4H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m0/s1
1176:. For the receptor to open, glutamate and either glycine or
514:
116:
102:
73:
53:
1417:(62nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. C-512.
998:-serine is produced from glycine and methanol catalyzed by
2340:
1439:"Nomenclature and Symbolism for Amino Acids and Peptides"
8096:
1253:-serine. At present three disorders have been reported:
1191:
through the glycine binding site on the GluN3 subunit.
1109:. It is the precursor to several amino acids including
8020:
6002:
Uncompetitive pore blockers (mostly dizocilpine site):
1321:‐serine could acquire a therapeutic role in diabetes.
1005:
Racemic serine can be prepared in the laboratory from
8323:
7698:
5408:
8404:
8367:
8344:
8321:
8304:
8094:
8018:
8001:
7855:
7742:
7725:
7696:
6823:
6806:
5406:
5164:
4755:
4660:
4626:
4606:
4599:
4587:
4550:
4543:
4533:
4501:
4410:
4400:
4368:
4348:
4270:
4229:
4220:
4193:
4142:
4116:
4045:
4036:
4026:
3964:
3957:
3931:
3894:
3884:
3861:
3842:
3773:
3739:
3695:
3680:
3648:
3609:
3590:
3556:
3541:
3488:
3473:
3464:
3394:
3330:
3276:
3263:
3103:
3062:
3028:
2995:
2942:
2935:
2900:
1531:-glucosaminic acid, and other oxyamino acids].
388:
1646:
1588:
1156:, making them able to open if they then also bind
940:-phosphoserine) which is hydrolyzed to serine by
836:-serine (right) in zwitterionic form at neutral pH
2405:Dunlop RA, Cox PA, Banack SA, Rodgers KJ (2013).
1221:-serine site. Apart from central nervous system,
684:246 °C (475 °F; 519 K) decomposes
1595:(3rd ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman. p.
459:
451:
443:
878:. Serine's structure was established in 1902.
565:D/L: Key: MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
191:
183:
175:
5660:
5645:
1677:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1653:(3rd ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman.
1533:Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft
1152:), serves as a neuromodulator by coactivating
7973:
7857:
7744:
6781:
4730:
4004:
3235:
2878:
2135:Ma MC, Huang HS, Chen YS, Lee SH (Nov 2008).
572:D: Key: MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UWTATZPHSA-N
8:
1708:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1582:
1580:
1525:-Glucosaminsäure und anderer Oxyaminosäuren"
1258:3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency
886:The biosynthesis of serine starts with the
8369:
8318:
8015:
7980:
7966:
7958:
7739:
6820:
6788:
6774:
6766:
6747:Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators
4737:
4723:
4715:
4657:
4623:
4603:
4594:
4547:
4540:
4507:
4407:
4374:
4226:
4042:
4033:
4011:
3997:
3989:
3961:
3891:
3692:
3553:
3485:
3470:
3273:
3242:
3228:
3220:
2939:
2885:
2871:
2863:
974:(SMHT) also catalyzes the biosynthesis of
530:
350:
307:
299:
291:
42:
6754:Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators
2831:
2813:
2772:
2707:
2658:
2648:
2599:
2581:
2481:
2440:
2430:
2156:
2068:
2058:
1997:
1897:
1836:
1818:
1268:Phosphoserine aminotransferase deficiency
496:
488:
480:
8101:Tooltip Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor
7946:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
6825:
5166:
1645:Lehninger AL, Nelson DL, Cox MM (2000).
1076:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1495:[On the constituents of silk].
1392:
1021:Hydrogenation of serine gives the diol
590:
551:
526:
328:
8435:3-Ketosphinganine (dehydrosphingosine)
8025:Tooltip Lysophosphatidic acid receptor
6477:Alcohols/volatile anesthetics/related:
2261:Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease
1701:
1263:3-phosphoserine phosphatase deficiency
1172:site (NR1) of canonical diheteromeric
341:
8328:Tooltip Serine C-palmitoyltransferase
8157:Dihydro-S1P (sphinganine 1-phosphate)
7703:Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
5633:Other positive allosteric modulators:
5413:Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
3437:2-Amino-3-carboxymuconic semialdehyde
1415:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
852:appears naturally in proteins. It is
786:form under biological conditions), a
558:Key: MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N
270:
249:
7:
7395:4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
7253:4-Phenyl-4-formyl-N-methylpiperidine
3750:2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
7218:trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)
6374:Ifenprodil (NR2B) site antagonists:
2894:Encoded (proteinogenic) amino acids
1864:Wolosker H, Balu DT (9 June 2020).
1493:"Ueber die Bestandtheile der Seide"
1445:from the original on 9 October 2008
1140:-Serine, synthesized in neurons by
921:(transamination) of this ketone by
433:
417:
409:
7822:Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242)
4938:Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242)
2802:Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
2158:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.114116
1980:Beesley S, Kumar SS (2023-11-01).
1943:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.07.020
25:
1085:catalyzes the upper reaction and
864:. Serine was first obtained from
817:UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU and AGC.
8440:Dihydrosphingosine (sphinganine)
2926:
2535:10.2165/11586650-000000000-00000
1999:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109654
1925:Pilli J, Kumar SS (2012-10-11).
1563:The Columbia Encyclopedia 6th ed
1403:, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1959.
1291:neutral amino acid transporter A
1081:Cysteine synthesis from serine.
1013:
635:
629:
6414:Rislenemdaz (CERC-301, MK-0657)
5361:Negative allosteric modulators:
5249:Positive allosteric modulators:
5072:Negative allosteric modulators:
4825:Positive allosteric modulators:
3572:Imidazol-4-one-5-propionic acid
1097:in that it participates in the
972:Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
736:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
153:2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid
34:. For the toxic substance, see
30:For the French wine grape, see
5650:Tooltip Dehydroepiandrosterone
4958:Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632)
4853:Farampator (CX-691, ORG-24448)
4257:Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
3386:β-Hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA
3341:β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid
2808:. Frontiers Media SA: 733004.
2094:Journal of Cellular Physiology
908:phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
714:2.21 (carboxyl), 9.15 (amino)
638:
623:
1:
8470:Receptor/signaling modulators
7921:Receptor/signaling modulators
7862:Tooltip Glycine transporter 2
7772:Bitopertin (RG1678/RO4917838)
7749:Tooltip Glycine transporter 1
6740:Receptor/signaling modulators
6589:Unknown/unsorted antagonists:
5153:Unknown/unsorted antagonists:
4746:Ionotropic glutamate receptor
3601:1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid
3346:β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA
2483:10.1080/21678421.2016.1221971
2035:-methyl-D-aspartate receptor"
1780:10.1016/S0024-3205(01)00975-4
1686:10.1002/14356007.a02_057.pub2
1527:[Synthesis of serine, of
1497:Journal für praktische Chemie
1401:Data for Biochemical Research
1089:catalyzes the lower reaction.
7939:receptor positive modulators
3731:2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid
2564:Holm LJ, Buschard K (2019).
2432:10.1371/journal.pone.0075376
1519:Fischer E, Leuchs H (1902).
1297:Research for therapeutic use
840:This compound is one of the
6438:NR2A-selective antagonists:
5970:Polyamine site antagonists:
5195:Acromelic acid (acromelate)
4781:Acromelic acid (acromelate)
3909:4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid
3442:2-Aminomuconic semialdehyde
2319:10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.10.012
1505:Serine is named on p. 93:
1083:Cystathionine beta synthase
809:group, classifying it as a
98:
49:
8541:
8374:Tooltip Sphingosine kinase
6977:chlorobutanol (chloretone)
4878:Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
3785:generation of homocysteine
2952:Branched-chain amino acids
2757:10.1038/s41467-020-18757-2
1882:10.1038/s41398-020-00870-x
1649:Principles of Biochemistry
1521:"Synthese des Serins, der
923:phosphoserine transaminase
78:Serine at physiological pH
29:
8510:Glycine receptor agonists
8495:Proteinogenic amino acids
8463:
7912:
7092:pregnenolone (eltanolone)
7069:Glutamic acid (glutamate)
6731:
5820:Glycine site antagonists:
4510:
4377:
4063:Glutamic acid (glutamate)
4058:Aspartic acid (aspartate)
3432:3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid
3155:
2924:
2815:10.3389/fncel.2021.733004
2368:10.1007/s12640-017-9814-x
2274:10.1007/s10545-006-0269-0
2229:10.1007/s00726-012-1315-x
2194:10.1016/j.bcp.2010.02.007
1545:10.1002/cber.190203503213
1087:cystathionine gamma-lyase
942:phosphoserine phosphatase
842:proteinogenic amino acids
730:
723:
718:
664:white crystals or powder
610:
581:
542:
158:
150:
140:
135:
97:
48:
7928:GABA receptor modulators
6830:Tooltip Glycine receptor
5708:Competitive antagonists:
5616:Polyamine site agonists:
5602:Neboglamine (nebostinel)
5171:Tooltip Kainate receptor
4247:Epinephrine (adrenaline)
3919:4-Maleylacetoacetic acid
3726:3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid
3582:Glutamate-1-semialdehyde
2688:Translational Psychiatry
2182:Biochemical Pharmacology
1870:Translational Psychiatry
1820:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00025
1753:10.15227/orgsyn.020.0081
1399:Dawson, R.M.C., et al.,
1000:hydroxymethyltransferase
986:(PLP) dependent enzyme.
980:5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate
900:3-phosphohydroxypyruvate
719:Supplementary data page
674:1.603 g/cm (22 °C)
7573:3β-androsterone sulfate
7569:3α-androsterone sulfate
6690:Pentamidine isethionate
6434:Traxoprodil (CP-101606)
5673:Epipregnanolone sulfate
3765:2-Methylacetoacetyl-CoA
3721:3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA
3257:metabolic intermediates
2650:10.1073/pnas.1304308110
1807:Frontiers in Psychiatry
1680:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
1478:10.1351/pac198456050595
1093:Serine is important in
990:Synthesis and reactions
8525:Inhibitory amino acids
8505:NMDA receptor agonists
8500:Glucogenic amino acids
7817:ORG-25935 (SCH-900435)
7006:Alkylbenzene sulfonate
6720:Allosteric modulators:
6655:Ipenoxazone (MLV-6976)
6310:Pethidine (meperidine)
5931:Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
5853:Apimostinel (NRX-1074)
5517:Apimostinel (NRX-1074)
5485:Glycine site agonists:
5317:Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
5028:Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
4913:Mibampator (LY-451395)
4682:Carbonyl sulfide (COS)
4283:N-Methylphenethylamine
3974:Cysteine sulfinic acid
3820:conversion to cysteine
3577:Formiminoglutamic acid
3504:3-Phosphoglyceric acid
3381:β-Methylglutaconyl-CoA
2356:Neurotoxicity Research
2060:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4926
1413:Weast RC, ed. (1981).
1382:Serine octamer cluster
1345:temporal lobe epilepsy
1301:The classification of
1090:
968:
894:(an intermediate from
837:
121:
107:
79:
59:
7890:Opiranserin (VVZ-149)
7190:diethyl ether (ether)
6389:CO-101244 (PD-174494)
6105:Delucemine (NPS-1506)
6055:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
4423:2-AGE (noladin ether)
3706:α-Ketoisovaleric acid
3361:β-Ketoisocaproic acid
3356:α-Ketoisocaproic acid
2737:Nature Communications
1245:Clinical significance
1080:
966:
828:
593:L: C((C(=O)O)N)O
120:
106:
77:
57:
8167:Fingolimod phosphate
7585:pregnenolone sulfate
7565:Neuroactive steroids
7523:constituents (e.g.,
7483:Cyanotriphenylborate
7444:Negative modulators:
7367:N,N-Dimethylmuscimol
7293:Cyanotriphenylborate
7130:Tetrahydrocannabinol
7096:pregnenolone acetate
7084:Neuroactive steroids
7057:constituents (e.g.,
6966:Positive modulators:
6409:Radiprodil (RGH-896)
6384:Buphenine (nylidrin)
5961:Rapastinel (GLYX-13)
5776:Midafotel (d-CPPene)
5683:Pregnenolone sulfate
5607:Rapastinel (GLYX-13)
5398:Pregnenolone sulfate
5139:Pregnenolone sulfate
4634:Carbon monoxide (CO)
3793:-Adenosyl methionine
3376:β-Methylcrotonyl-CoA
3366:β-Ketoisocaproyl-CoA
3322:β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA
1472:(5): 595–624, 1984,
1164:-serine is a potent
954:In bacteria such as
111:Ball-and-stick model
7577:deoxycorticosterone
7357:N-Methylbicuculline
5640:-Hydroxycholesterol
5451:Homoquinolinic acid
5424:Main site agonists:
5182:Main site agonists:
4776:5-Fluorowillardiine
4773:Main site agonists:
4639:Hydrogen sulfide (H
4493:Virodhamine (O-AEA)
3966:Cysteine metabolism
3755:2-Methylbutyryl-CoA
3447:2-Aminomuconic acid
3427:3-Hydroxykynurenine
2749:2020NatCo..11.4966B
2641:2013PNAS..110E2400B
2635:(26): E2400–E2409.
2423:2013PLoSO...875376D
2051:2000PNAS...97.4926M
1337:cerebrospinal fluid
1333:Alzheimer's disease
1229:Gustatory sensation
1068:Biological function
984:pyridoxal phosphate
967:Serine biosynthesis
919:Reductive amination
832:-Serine (left) and
691:Solubility in water
656: g·mol
125:Space-filling model
45:
7787:Glycyldodecylamide
7391:4-hydroxyquinoline
7362:N-Methylstrychnine
5988:Diethylenetriamine
5667:prasterone sulfate
5442:Homocysteic acid (
5185:5-Bromowillardiine
4696:Sulfur dioxide (SO
4607:Cholinergic system
4309:Phenylethanolamine
4288:N-Methyltryptamine
4252:NAS (normelatonin)
4039:inhibitory systems
4037:Major excitatory /
3853:α-Ketobutyric acid
3830:α-Ketobutyric acid
3668:γ-Glutamylcysteine
3412:′-Formylkynurenine
3297:α-Aminoadipic acid
3208:Dehydroamino acids
3168:Encoded (proteins)
3104:Negative charge (p
3063:Positive charge (p
2858:Serine MS Spectrum
2700:10.1038/tp.2015.52
2341:"Patient registry"
2137:"Mechanosensitive
1565:. encyclopedia.com
1091:
1009:in several steps:
969:
892:3-phosphoglycerate
838:
740:Infobox references
725:Serine (data page)
602:: C((C(=O)))O
122:
108:
80:
60:
43:
8490:Alpha-Amino acids
8477:
8476:
8400:
8399:
8315:
8300:
8299:
8012:
7955:
7954:
7908:
7907:
7880:Ethanol (alcohol)
7782:Ethanol (alcohol)
7736:
7721:
7720:
7342:Isonipecotic acid
7248:2-Nitrostrychnine
7243:2-Aminostrychnine
7222:trichloroethylene
7024:sodium thiopental
6981:ethanol (alcohol)
6923:
6915:
6907:
6899:
6871:
6863:
6817:
6763:
6762:
6614:
6570:Trichloroethylene
6515:Ethanol (alcohol)
5880:
5823:4-Cl-KYN (AV-101)
5591:
5583:
5550:
5542:
5534:
5491:
5476:Tetrazolylglycine
5445:
5383:Ethanol (alcohol)
5372:sodium thiopental
5190:5-Iodowillardiine
5099:Ethanol (alcohol)
5083:sodium thiopental
4712:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4656:
4655:
4648:Nitric oxide (NO)
4622:
4621:
4595:
4583:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4364:
4363:
4278:3-Iodothyronamine
4216:
4215:
4020:Neurotransmitters
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3953:
3952:
3927:
3926:
3914:Homogentisic acid
3880:
3879:
3872:Methylmalonyl-CoA
3676:
3675:
3537:
3536:
3460:
3459:
3217:
3216:
3178:Non-proteinogenic
3151:
3150:
2583:10.1111/apm.12987
2188:(12): 1791–1796.
2106:10.1002/jcp.21310
1986:Neuropharmacology
1774:(16): 1817–1826.
1704:cite encyclopedia
1606:978-0-7167-1843-7
1587:Stryer L (1988).
1491:Cramer E (1865).
1352:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1308:
1304:
1277:
1252:
1240:
1236:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1183:
1179:
1163:
1147:
1139:
997:
847:
835:
831:
790:(which is in the
770:(which is in the
748:Chemical compound
746:
745:
510:CompTox Dashboard
369:L: 206-130-6
230:Interactive image
218:Interactive image
131:
130:
93:
92:
84:
68:
16:(Redirected from
8532:
8375:
8371:
8329:
8325:
8319:
8309:
8102:
8098:
8026:
8022:
8016:
8006:
7989:Lysophospholipid
7982:
7975:
7968:
7959:
7863:
7859:
7750:
7746:
7740:
7730:
7704:
7700:
7603:dextromethorphan
7493:Dihydropyridines
7432:Thiocolchicoside
7382:Pseudostrychnine
7322:Gaboxadol (THIP)
7316:anandamide (AEA)
7308:Endocannabinoids
7040:Dihydropyridines
7000:trifluoroethanol
6996:trichloroethanol
6921:
6913:
6905:
6897:
6869:
6861:
6831:
6827:
6821:
6811:
6797:Glycine receptor
6790:
6783:
6776:
6767:
6612:
6565:Trichloroethanol
6125:Dextromethorphan
5878:
5662:
5651:
5647:
5589:
5581:
5548:
5540:
5532:
5489:
5443:
5414:
5410:
5172:
5168:
5003:Fanapanel (MPQX)
4763:
4759:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4716:
4687:Nitrous oxide (N
4658:
4627:Gasotransmitters
4624:
4604:
4548:
4541:
4508:
4443:Anandamide (AEA)
4411:Endocannabinoids
4408:
4375:
4262:Serotonin (5-HT)
4227:
4046:Glutamate system
4043:
4034:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3990:
3962:
3892:
3806:
3805:
3693:
3554:
3486:
3471:
3422:Anthranilic acid
3302:2-Oxoadipic acid
3274:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3221:
2940:
2930:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2864:
2846:
2845:
2835:
2817:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2776:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2711:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2662:
2652:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2603:
2585:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2485:
2476:(1–2): 107–111.
2461:
2455:
2454:
2444:
2434:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2223:(6): 2349–2358.
2212:
2206:
2205:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2160:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2072:
2062:
2045:(9): 4926–4931.
2026:
2020:
2019:
2001:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1901:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1840:
1822:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1707:
1699:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1652:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1594:
1584:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1539:(3): 3787–3805.
1516:
1510:
1504:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1466:Pure Appl. Chem.
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1410:
1404:
1397:
1350:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1306:
1302:
1275:
1250:
1238:
1234:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1181:
1177:
1161:
1145:
1137:
1063:
1017:
995:
845:
833:
829:
804:
803:
802:
785:
784:
783:
655:
640:
637:
631:
625:
618:Chemical formula
535:
534:
518:
516:
500:
492:
484:
463:
455:
447:
435:
421:
413:
392:
362:
354:
343:
332:
311:
303:
295:
274:
253:
232:
220:
195:
187:
179:
99:
82:
66:
63:Skeletal formula
58:Skeletal formula
50:
46:
21:
8540:
8539:
8535:
8534:
8533:
8531:
8530:
8529:
8480:
8479:
8478:
8473:
8459:
8445:Dihydroceramide
8396:
8373:
8363:
8340:
8327:
8308:
8296:
8100:
8090:
8041:1-Palmitoyl-LPA
8024:
8005:
7997:
7986:
7956:
7951:
7938:
7904:
7861:
7851:
7762:ALX-5407 (NFPS)
7748:
7729:
7717:
7702:
7692:
7452:Benzodiazepines
7337:Isobutyric acid
7178:chloral hydrate
7030:Chlormethiazole
6992:tribromoethanol
6988:-butanol (2M2P)
6829:
6810:
6802:
6794:
6764:
6759:
6727:
6625:Flufenamic acid
6560:Trichloroethane
6335:Rhynchophylline
6255:Methoxphenidine
6220:Levomilnacipran
6120:Dextromethadone
6045:α-Endopsychosin
5649:
5561:Dimethylglycine
5471:Quinolinic acid
5412:
5402:
5240:Quisqualic acid
5170:
5160:
4816:Quisqualic acid
4761:
4751:
4743:
4713:
4704:
4699:
4690:
4676:
4652:
4642:
4618:
4575:
4521:
4497:
4388:
4360:
4344:
4266:
4222:Biogenic amines
4212:
4189:
4138:
4112:
4038:
4022:
4017:
3987:
3978:
3949:
3923:
3876:
3857:
3838:
3803:
3802:
3769:
3735:
3716:Methacrylyl-CoA
3686:
3672:
3644:
3605:
3586:
3549:α-ketoglutarate
3547:
3533:
3524:Phosphocreatine
3493:
3479:
3456:
3390:
3326:
3259:
3248:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3193:Secondary amino
3147:
3110:
3099:
3069:
3058:
3024:
2991:
2931:
2922:
2896:
2891:
2854:
2849:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2576:(10): 655–659.
2563:
2562:
2558:
2529:(10): 859–885.
2520:
2519:
2515:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2306:Mol Genet Metab
2302:
2301:
2297:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2028:
2027:
2023:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1700:
1696:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1367:
1299:
1247:
1231:
1197:
1189:-NMDA receptors
1142:serine racemase
1135:
1075:
1070:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1007:methyl acrylate
992:
934:3-phosphoserine
884:
823:
801:
799:
798:
797:
795:
782:
779:
778:
777:
775:
749:
742:
737:
710:
693:
653:
643:
634:
628:
620:
606:
603:
594:
589:
588:
577:
574:
573:
567:
566:
560:
559:
556:
550:
549:
538:
519:
512:
503:
466:
436:
424:
395:
381:
372:
335:
314:
277:
256:
235:
209:
198:
168:
154:
146:
127:
113:
89:
70:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8538:
8536:
8528:
8527:
8522:
8520:Amino alcohols
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8492:
8482:
8481:
8475:
8474:
8464:
8461:
8460:
8458:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8408:
8406:
8402:
8401:
8398:
8397:
8395:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8378:
8376:
8365:
8364:
8362:
8361:
8356:
8350:
8348:
8342:
8341:
8339:
8338:
8332:
8330:
8316:
8302:
8301:
8298:
8297:
8295:
8294:
8285:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8250:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8105:
8103:
8092:
8091:
8089:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8059:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8029:
8027:
8013:
7999:
7998:
7987:
7985:
7984:
7977:
7970:
7962:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7949:
7942:
7936:
7931:
7924:
7917:
7913:
7910:
7909:
7906:
7905:
7903:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7866:
7864:
7853:
7852:
7850:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7753:
7751:
7737:
7723:
7722:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7715:
7707:
7705:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7634:
7592:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7449:
7440:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7372:Nipecotic acid
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7236:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7206:methoxyflurane
7167:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7063:ginsenoside-Rf
7052:
7047:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6962:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6939:Picolinic acid
6936:
6931:
6926:
6918:
6910:
6902:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6866:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6834:
6832:
6818:
6804:
6803:
6795:
6793:
6792:
6785:
6778:
6770:
6761:
6760:
6758:
6757:
6750:
6743:
6732:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6725:
6713:
6712:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6535:Methoxyflurane
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6470:
6465:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6280:Nitromemantine
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6215:Levomethorphan
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6135:Dieticyclidine
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6115:Dextrallorphan
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6070:Argiotoxin-636
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5983:Diaminopropane
5980:
5975:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5911:Kynurenic acid
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5657:
5642:
5626:
5621:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5586:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5545:
5537:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5417:
5415:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5312:Kynurenic acid
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5175:
5173:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5018:Kynurenic acid
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4766:
4764:
4753:
4752:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4719:
4710:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4693:
4688:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4670:
4664:
4662:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4636:
4630:
4628:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4610:
4608:
4601:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4557:
4555:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4511:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4334:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4314:Phenethylamine
4311:
4306:
4298:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4144:
4143:Glycine system
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4088:Kynurenic acid
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4049:
4047:
4040:
4031:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3993:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3970:
3968:
3959:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3938:
3936:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3905:
3903:
3889:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3827:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3795:
3780:
3778:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3711:Isobutyryl-CoA
3708:
3702:
3700:
3690:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3597:
3595:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3551:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3507:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3483:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3405:
3403:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3351:Isovaleryl-CoA
3348:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3312:Glutaconyl-CoA
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3271:
3261:
3260:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3224:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3130:Selenocysteine
3127:
3121:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3001:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2958:
2948:
2946:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2901:General topics
2898:
2897:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2853:
2852:External links
2850:
2848:
2847:
2788:
2723:
2674:
2615:
2556:
2513:
2456:
2397:
2362:(1): 213–221.
2346:
2332:
2313:(3): 256–262.
2295:
2268:(2): 347–351.
2250:
2207:
2172:
2151:(5): 938–944.
2127:
2100:(2): 320–328.
2084:
2021:
1972:
1917:
1856:
1793:
1758:
1715:
1695:978-3527306732
1694:
1666:
1659:
1637:
1625:
1612:
1605:
1576:
1550:
1511:
1483:
1456:
1430:
1423:
1405:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1378:(isothreonine)
1373:
1366:
1363:
1298:
1295:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1246:
1243:
1230:
1227:
1196:
1193:
1174:NMDA receptors
1154:NMDA receptors
1134:
1131:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1019:
1018:
994:Industrially,
991:
988:
883:
880:
822:
819:
800:
788:carboxyl group
780:
747:
744:
743:
738:
734:standard state
731:
728:
727:
721:
720:
716:
715:
712:
708:
698:
697:
694:
689:
686:
685:
682:
676:
675:
672:
666:
665:
662:
658:
657:
651:
645:
644:
641:
632:
626:
621:
616:
613:
612:
608:
607:
605:
604:
597:
595:
592:
584:
583:
582:
579:
578:
576:
575:
571:
570:
568:
564:
563:
561:
557:
554:
553:
545:
544:
543:
540:
539:
537:
536:
528:DTXSID60883230
522:
520:
508:
505:
504:
502:
501:
493:
485:
476:
474:
468:
467:
465:
464:
456:
448:
439:
437:
429:
426:
425:
423:
422:
414:
405:
403:
397:
396:
394:
393:
384:
382:
377:
374:
373:
371:
370:
366:
364:
356:
355:
345:
337:
336:
334:
333:
324:
322:
316:
315:
313:
312:
304:
296:
287:
285:
279:
278:
276:
275:
266:
264:
258:
257:
255:
254:
245:
243:
237:
236:
234:
233:
221:
212:
210:
203:
200:
199:
197:
196:
188:
180:
171:
169:
164:
161:
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
144:
138:
137:
133:
132:
129:
128:
123:
114:
109:
95:
94:
91:
90:
81:
71:
61:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8537:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8487:
8485:
8472:
8471:
8468:
8462:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8425:Palmitoyl-CoA
8423:
8419:
8416:
8413:
8410:
8409:
8407:
8403:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8379:
8377:
8372:
8366:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8351:
8349:
8347:
8343:
8337:
8334:
8333:
8331:
8326:
8320:
8317:
8313:
8307:
8303:
8293:
8290:
8287:
8286:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8252:
8251:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8107:
8106:
8104:
8099:
8093:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8061:
8060:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8031:
8030:
8028:
8023:
8017:
8014:
8010:
8004:
8000:
7996:
7993:
7990:
7983:
7978:
7976:
7971:
7969:
7964:
7963:
7960:
7948:
7947:
7943:
7941:
7940:
7932:
7930:
7929:
7925:
7923:
7922:
7918:
7915:
7914:
7911:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7867:
7865:
7860:
7854:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7754:
7752:
7747:
7741:
7738:
7734:
7728:
7724:
7713:
7709:
7708:
7706:
7701:
7695:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7678:
7674:
7670:
7666:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7646:
7642:
7638:
7635:
7632:
7628:
7624:
7620:
7616:
7612:
7611:levomethadone
7608:
7604:
7600:
7596:
7593:
7590:
7586:
7582:
7578:
7574:
7570:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7550:
7546:
7542:
7538:
7534:
7530:
7526:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7506:
7502:
7498:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7473:
7469:
7468:flunitrazepam
7465:
7461:
7457:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7442:
7441:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7412:
7408:
7404:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7347:Isostrychnine
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7317:
7313:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7238:
7237:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7223:
7219:
7215:
7211:
7207:
7203:
7199:
7195:
7191:
7187:
7183:
7179:
7175:
7171:
7168:
7165:
7161:
7157:
7153:
7149:
7145:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7110:Nitrous oxide
7108:
7105:
7101:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7064:
7060:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7045:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7025:
7021:
7020:pentobarbital
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7001:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6987:
6982:
6978:
6974:
6970:
6967:
6964:
6963:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6949:Quisqualamine
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6919:
6917:
6911:
6909:
6903:
6901:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6867:
6865:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6836:
6835:
6833:
6828:
6822:
6819:
6815:
6809:
6805:
6801:
6798:
6791:
6786:
6784:
6779:
6777:
6772:
6771:
6768:
6756:
6755:
6751:
6749:
6748:
6744:
6742:
6741:
6738:
6734:
6733:
6730:
6724:
6721:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6705:Transcrocetin
6703:
6701:
6700:Psychotridine
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6680:Niflumic acid
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6540:Nitrous oxide
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6505:Diethyl ether
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6360:Tenocyclidine
6358:
6356:
6355:Tabernanthine
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6345:Rolicyclidine
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6320:Phencyclidine
6318:
6316:
6315:Phencyclamine
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6250:Methoxetamine
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6210:Levomethadone
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6170:Fluorolintane
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5751:Kaitocephalin
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5664:
5658:
5655:
5648:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5634:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5587:
5585:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5546:
5544:
5538:
5536:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5456:Ibotenic acid
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5411:
5405:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5369:
5368:pentobarbital
5365:
5362:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5307:Kaitocephalin
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5252:Cyclothiazide
5250:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5220:Ibotenic acid
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5169:
5163:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5084:
5080:
5079:pentobarbital
5076:
5073:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5013:Kaitocephalin
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4833:Cyclothiazide
4831:
4829:
4826:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4806:Ibotenic acid
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4760:
4754:
4750:
4747:
4740:
4735:
4733:
4728:
4726:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4701:
4694:
4692:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4615:
4614:Acetylcholine
4612:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4602:
4600:Miscellaneous
4598:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4532:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4503:Neurosteroids
4500:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4399:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4370:Neuropeptides
4367:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4014:
4009:
4007:
4002:
4000:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3956:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3930:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3896:phenylalanine
3893:
3890:
3888:
3883:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:propionyl-CoA
3860:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3841:
3835:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3825:Cystathionine
3823:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:-homocysteine
3800:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3684:
3683:propionyl-CoA
3679:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3567:Urocanic acid
3565:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3245:
3240:
3238:
3233:
3231:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3203:D-amino acids
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3124:Glutamic acid
3122:
3119:
3118:Aspartic acid
3116:
3115:
3113:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3020:Phenylalanine
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2936:By properties
2934:
2929:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2874:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2678:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2417:(9): e75376.
2416:
2412:
2408:
2401:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2299:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1768:Life Sciences
1762:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1697:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1660:1-57259-153-6
1656:
1651:
1650:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1535:(in German).
1534:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1499:(in German).
1498:
1494:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1457:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1426:
1424:0-8493-0462-8
1420:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1228:
1226:
1212:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1148:-serine (its
1143:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1123:sphingolipids
1120:
1117:, as well as
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1001:
989:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
965:
961:
959:
958:
952:
950:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
928:
924:
920:
916:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
881:
879:
877:
876:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:not essential
851:
843:
827:
820:
818:
816:
812:
808:
807:hydroxymethyl
793:
789:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
741:
735:
729:
726:
722:
717:
713:
707:
703:
700:
699:
695:
692:
688:
687:
683:
681:
680:Melting point
678:
677:
673:
671:
668:
667:
663:
660:
659:
652:
650:
647:
646:
622:
619:
615:
614:
609:
601:
596:
591:
587:
580:
569:
562:
552:
548:
541:
533:
529:
524:
523:
521:
511:
507:
506:
499:
494:
491:
486:
483:
478:
477:
475:
473:
470:
469:
462:
457:
454:
449:
446:
441:
440:
438:
432:
428:
427:
420:
415:
412:
407:
406:
404:
402:
399:
398:
391:
386:
385:
383:
380:
376:
375:
368:
367:
365:
363:
358:
357:
353:
349:
346:
344:
342:ECHA InfoCard
339:
338:
331:
326:
325:
323:
321:
318:
317:
310:
305:
302:
297:
294:
289:
288:
286:
284:
281:
280:
273:
268:
267:
265:
263:
260:
259:
252:
247:
246:
244:
242:
239:
238:
231:
226:
222:
219:
214:
213:
211:
207:
202:
201:
194:
189:
186:
181:
178:
173:
172:
170:
167:
163:
162:
157:
149:
143:
139:
134:
126:
119:
115:
112:
105:
101:
100:
96:
88:
76:
72:
64:
56:
52:
51:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
8466:
8465:
8429:
8421:
8414:
8411:
8288:
8254:Antagonists:
8253:
8108:
8063:Antagonists:
8062:
8036:1-Oleoyl-LPA
8032:
7944:
7933:
7926:
7919:
7645:picrotoxinin
7589:progesterone
7581:DHEA sulfate
7549:ginkgolide M
7545:ginkgolide J
7541:ginkgolide C
7537:ginkgolide B
7533:ginkgolide A
7505:nitrendipine
7443:
7240:Antagonists:
7239:
7115:Penicillin G
7059:ginsenosides
7016:Barbiturates
6985:
6965:
6912:
6868:
6846:β-ABA (BABA)
6837:
6752:
6745:
6736:
6735:
6719:
6716:
6588:
6495:Cyclopropane
6476:
6459:
6437:
6373:
6325:Propoxyphene
6295:Orphenadrine
6200:Ketobemidone
6165:Eticyclidine
6100:Coronaridine
6085:ARL-15896-AR
6001:
5969:
5881:-Cycloserine
5863:Carisoprodol
5819:
5707:
5705:Antagonists:
5704:
5637:
5632:
5615:
5588:
5547:
5543:-Cycloserine
5484:
5423:
5420:
5364:Barbiturates
5360:
5337:Selurampanel
5292:Dasolampanel
5279:Antagonists:
5278:
5248:
5181:
5178:
5152:
5089:Cyclopropane
5075:Barbiturates
5071:
5043:Selurampanel
4993:Dasolampanel
4965:Antagonists:
4964:
4948:Pramiracetam
4824:
4772:
4769:
4668:Acetaldehyde
4337:
4329:
4301:
4293:
4271:Trace amines
4179:
4107:
3941:
3934:oxaloacetate
3818:
3812:Homocysteine
3798:
3790:
3783:
3688:succinyl-CoA
3519:Glycocyamine
3494:
3452:Glutaryl-CoA
3409:
3317:Crotonyl-CoA
3307:Glutaryl-CoA
3287:Saccharopine
3160:
3105:
3064:
3048:
2918:Genetic code
2805:
2801:
2791:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2691:
2687:
2677:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2335:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2148:
2145:Hypertension
2144:
2138:
2130:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2024:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1934:
1931:Neuroscience
1930:
1920:
1911:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1850:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1718:
1675:
1669:
1648:
1640:
1628:
1615:
1591:Biochemistry
1590:
1567:. Retrieved
1562:
1553:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1514:
1506:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1447:. Retrieved
1433:
1414:
1408:
1400:
1395:
1355:hearing loss
1349:
1340:
1323:
1300:
1284:
1272:
1248:
1232:
1198:
1186:
1136:
1099:biosynthesis
1092:
1020:
1004:
993:
970:
956:
953:
937:
885:
882:Biosynthesis
873:
860:, including
850:stereoisomer
839:
792:deprotonated
759:
755:
751:
750:
705:
159:Identifiers
151:Other names
40:
8455:Sphingosine
8412:Precursors:
8122:Ceralifimod
8071:H2L-5765834
8066:H2L-5186303
7842:SSR-504,734
7837:SSR-103,800
7827:PF-03463275
7807:Mardepodect
7727:Transporter
7673:tropisetron
7615:levorphanol
7607:dextrorphan
7529:ginkgolides
7497:nicardipine
7352:Laudanosine
7273:Cacotheline
7263:Bicuculline
7210:sevoflurane
7160:tropisetron
7044:nicardipine
6887:Hypotaurine
6685:Pentamidine
6670:Minocycline
6650:Hodgkinsine
6620:Dexanabinol
6550:Sevoflurane
6404:Isoxsuprine
6399:Haloperidol
6379:Besonprodil
6340:Rimantadine
6290:Norketamine
6285:Noribogaine
6260:Milnacipran
6225:Levorphanol
6175:Gacyclidine
6145:Dizocilpine
6140:Diphenidine
6130:Dextrorphan
6050:Alaproclate
5993:Huperzine A
5946:Meprobamate
5906:Harkoseride
5801:Perzinfotel
5678:Plazinemdor
5225:Kainic acid
5210:Domoic acid
5156:Minocycline
5144:Sevoflurane
4821:Willardiine
4796:Domoic acid
4673:Ammonia (NH
4544:Nucleosides
4304:-Octopamine
4296:-Octopamine
4208:T-HCA (GHC)
4165:Hypotaurine
4117:GABA system
4068:Glutathione
3664:glutathione
3198:Imino acids
3162:Amino acids
3095:Pyrrolysine
3032:, uncharged
2743:(1): 4966.
2694:(5): e561.
2217:Amino Acids
1852:receptors).
1741:Org. Synth.
1107:pyrimidines
858:metabolites
844:. Only the
768:amino group
661:Appearance
611:Properties
348:100.000.250
272:ChEMBL11298
251:CHEBI:17115
8484:Categories
8346:Ceramidase
8312:inhibitors
8177:Mocravimod
8162:Fingolimod
8112:Amiselimod
8046:GRI-977143
7995:modulators
7847:Tilapertin
7802:LY-2365109
7797:Iclepertin
7792:GSK1018921
7677:zatosetron
7665:bemesetron
7637:Picrotoxin
7555:Imipramine
7525:bilobalide
7511:Furosemide
7501:nifedipine
7472:flurazepam
7460:clonazepam
7456:bromazepam
7427:Strychnine
7422:Sinomenine
7387:Quinolines
7377:Pitrazepin
7298:Dendrobine
7283:Colchicine
7202:isoflurane
7186:desflurane
7182:chloroform
7164:zatosetron
7148:bemesetron
7100:minaxolone
7088:alfaxolone
7074:Ivermectin
7011:Anandamide
6934:Milacemide
6924:-Threonine
6892:Ivermectin
6800:modulators
6723:AGN-241751
6695:Piretanide
6645:Furosemide
6630:Flupirtine
6607:Conantokin
6602:Caroverine
6597:Bumetanide
6530:Isoflurane
6500:Desflurane
6490:Chloroform
6429:Safaprodil
6424:Ro 25-6981
6365:Tiletamine
6350:Sabeluzole
6330:Remacemide
6275:Neramexane
6245:Methorphan
6230:Loperamide
6205:Lanicemine
6190:Indantadol
6155:Esketamine
6150:Ephenidine
6110:Dexoxadrol
6075:Arketamine
6060:Amantadine
6020:3-MeO-PCMo
5998:Putrescine
5941:MDL-105519
5916:Kynurenine
5896:Gavestinel
5811:SDZ-220581
5771:MDL-100453
5654:prasterone
5624:Spermidine
5597:Milacemide
5502:ACC (ACPC)
5388:Evans blue
5352:Topiramate
5342:Tezampanel
5272:Isoflurane
5149:Talampanel
5134:Perampanel
5129:Isoflurane
5114:GYKI-53655
5109:GYKI-52466
5104:Evans blue
5068:Zonampanel
5058:Topiramate
5048:Tezampanel
5023:Kynurenine
4983:Caroverine
4978:Becampanel
4928:Oxiracetam
4828:Aniracetam
4749:modulators
4661:Candidates
4535:Nucleobase
4324:Tryptamine
4319:Synephrine
4230:Monoamines
4195:GHB system
4028:Amino acid
3944:urea cycle
3801:-Adenosyl-
3775:methionine
3760:Tiglyl-CoA
3741:isoleucine
3640:Putrescine
3635:Cadaverine
3630:Citrulline
3529:Creatinine
3417:Kynurenine
3396:tryptophan
3269:acetyl-CoA
3254:metabolism
3251:Amino acid
3188:Glucogenic
3039:Asparagine
3015:Tryptophan
2972:Methionine
2961:Isoleucine
1992:: 109654.
1913:disorders.
1876:(1): 184.
1621:EC 3.1.3.3
1569:22 October
1388:References
1376:Homoserine
1211:-aspartate
1150:enantiomer
1119:tryptophan
1095:metabolism
1058:OH + 2 H
896:glycolysis
872:for silk,
821:Occurrence
772:protonated
764:amino acid
762:) is an α-
649:Molar mass
600:Zwitterion
498:1K77H2Z9B1
490:00PAR1C66F
487:D/L:
482:452VLY9402
450:D/L:
379:IUPHAR/BPS
298:D/L:
283:ChemSpider
225:Zwitterion
204:3D model (
182:D/L:
166:CAS Number
142:IUPAC name
87:zwitterion
27:Amino acid
8467:See also:
8354:Ceranib 1
8292:Etrasimod
8289:Unsorted:
8277:VPC-23019
8262:CYM-50358
8232:TC-G 1006
8217:Siponimod
8192:Ponesimod
8187:Phyto-S1P
8152:CYM-50308
8147:CYM-50260
8117:Cenerimod
8109:Agonists:
8086:VPC-32183
8081:TC-LPA5 4
8033:Agonists:
7992:signaling
7895:ORG-25543
7875:Amoxapine
7832:Sarcosine
7812:ORG-24598
7777:CP-802079
7683:Verapamil
7669:LY-278584
7661:Tropeines
7627:pethidine
7623:oripavine
7516:Genistein
7447:Amiloride
7327:Gelsemine
7303:Diaboline
7288:Colubrine
7198:halothane
7194:enflurane
7170:Volatiles
7156:LY-278584
7140:Tropeines
7135:Triclofos
7125:Tamoxifen
7104:ORG-20599
7050:Etomidate
6973:brometone
6954:Sarcosine
6929:MDL-27531
6841:β-Alanine
6838:Agonists:
6737:See also:
6717:Unsorted:
6660:MDL-27266
6640:FR-115427
6635:FPL-12495
6592:ARR-15896
6520:Halothane
6510:Enflurane
6468:Magnesium
6419:Ro 8-4304
6394:Eliprodil
6305:PD-137889
6265:Morphanol
6240:Methadone
6235:Memantine
6185:Ibogamine
6160:Etoxadrol
6090:ARL-16247
6080:ARL-12495
6065:Aptiganel
6030:4-MeO-PCP
6025:3-MeO-PCP
6015:3-MeO-PCE
5978:Co 101676
5951:MRZ 2/576
5901:GV-196771
5891:Felbamate
5868:CGP-39653
5848:ACEA-1328
5843:ACEA-1011
5786:NPC-17742
5781:NPC-12626
5766:LY-274614
5761:LY-235959
5756:LY-233053
5741:CGS-19755
5736:CGP-40116
5731:CGP-39653
5726:CGP-39551
5721:CGP-37849
5711:AP5 (APV)
5612:Sarcosine
5488:β-Fluoro-
5437:Glutamate
5432:Aspartate
5421:Agonists:
5378:Enflurane
5322:LY-382884
5282:ACEA-1011
5267:Halothane
5262:Enflurane
5257:Diazoxide
5230:LY-339434
5215:Glutamate
5179:Agonists:
5124:Irampanel
5119:Halothane
5094:Enflurane
4968:ACEA-1011
4943:Piracetam
4923:ORG-26576
4918:Nooglutyl
4908:LY-503430
4903:LY-451646
4898:LY-404187
4893:LY-395153
4888:LY-392098
4873:Diazoxide
4801:Glutamate
4770:Agonists:
4552:Adenosine
4356:Histamine
4340:-Tyramine
4332:-Tyramine
4175:Sarcosine
4155:β-Alanine
4150:α-Alanine
3844:threonine
3660:glutamate
3625:Ornithine
3558:histidine
3544:glutamate
3371:β-Leucine
3183:Ketogenic
3173:Essential
3089:Histidine
3054:Threonine
3044:Glutamine
3005:Histidine
2944:Aliphatic
2824:1662-5102
2765:2041-1723
2592:0903-4641
2551:207299820
2523:CNS Drugs
2492:2167-8421
2376:1029-8428
2008:1873-7064
1951:1873-7544
1937:: 75–88.
1890:2158-3188
1829:1664-0640
1724:Carter HE
1632:Uniprot:
1371:Isoserine
1315:sarcosine
1158:glutamate
1133:Signaling
1073:Metabolic
1042:H + 2 H
932:) yields
888:oxidation
361:EC Number
8450:Ceramide
8387:Safingol
8336:Myriocin
8272:TY-52156
8237:TC-SP 14
8212:SEW-2871
8207:RPC-1063
8182:Ozanimod
8142:CYM 5541
8137:CYM-5520
8132:CYM-5442
8076:Ki-16425
8003:Receptor
7916:See also
7870:ALX-1393
7733:blockers
7714:instead.
7656:Riluzole
7641:picrotin
7631:thebaine
7619:morphine
7488:Daidzein
7478:Corymine
7464:diazepam
7399:5,7-CIQA
7332:iso-THAZ
7278:Caffeine
7144:atropine
7120:Propofol
7079:Ketamine
6969:Alcohols
6944:Propofol
6908:-Proline
6900:-Alanine
6864:-Alanine
6808:Receptor
6665:Metaphit
6575:Urethane
6463:Hydrogen
6460:Cations:
6370:Tramadol
6195:Ketamine
6180:Ibogaine
6095:Budipine
6010:3-HO-PCP
5936:LU-73068
5926:L-701324
5921:L-689560
5828:5,7-DCKA
5816:Selfotel
5698:SAGE-718
5693:SAGE-301
5688:SAGE-201
5629:Spermine
5619:Neomycin
5584:-Alanine
5576:L-687414
5535:-Alanine
5492:-alanine
5481:Theanine
5347:Theanine
5245:SYM-2081
5053:Theanine
4591:-derived
4537:-derived
4518:instead.
4473:Oleamide
4404:-derived
4385:instead.
4242:Dopamine
4053:Agmatine
4030:-derived
3900:tyrosine
3887:fumarate
3834:Cysteine
3656:cysteine
3620:Agmatine
3611:arginine
3515:creatine
3476:pyruvate
3292:Allysine
3142:Tyrosine
3136:Cysteine
3083:Arginine
3010:Tyrosine
2997:Aromatic
2842:34975405
2783:33009404
2718:25942042
2669:23729812
2610:31344283
2543:21936588
2500:27589995
2451:24086518
2411:PLOS ONE
2392:20271849
2384:28929385
2327:19963421
2290:25013468
2282:16763900
2245:17671611
2237:22588481
2202:20170643
2167:18809793
2122:45669104
2114:17929246
2079:10781100
2016:37437688
1967:23158971
1959:22814002
1908:32518273
1847:30787885
1788:11292060
1736:-Serine"
1730:(1940).
1559:"Serine"
1503:: 76–98.
1443:Archived
1365:See also
1359:tinnitus
1282:(iNTD).
1115:cysteine
930:2.6.1.52
915:1.1.1.95
754:(symbol
696:soluble
525:L:
495:D:
479:L:
458:D:
442:L:
416:D:
408:L:
387:L:
327:L:
320:DrugBank
306:D:
290:L:
269:L:
248:L:
215:L:
193:312-84-5
190:D:
185:302-84-1
174:L:
85:-serine
18:D-serine
8382:N,N-DMS
8267:JTE-013
8257:CS-0777
8247:XAX-162
8172:KRP-203
8127:CS-2100
8009:ligands
7900:VVZ-368
7767:ASP2535
7663:(e.g.,
7639:(i.e.,
7599:codeine
7597:(e.g.,
7595:Opioids
7567:(e.g.,
7531:(e.g.,
7495:(e.g.,
7454:(e.g.,
7417:RU-5135
7389:(e.g.,
7310:(e.g.,
7268:Brucine
7214:toluene
7176:(e.g.,
7152:cocaine
7142:(e.g.,
7086:(e.g.,
7061:(e.g.,
7055:Ginseng
7042:(e.g.,
7035:D12-116
7018:(e.g.,
6971:(e.g.,
6959:Taurine
6916:-Serine
6882:Glycine
6872:-Serine
6856:Caesium
6814:ligands
6709:saffron
6555:Toluene
6545:Octanol
6525:Hexanol
6480:Benzene
6456:TCN-213
6451:TCN-201
6446:MPX-007
6441:MPX-004
6035:8A-PDHQ
5973:Arcaine
5966:ZD-9379
5663:sulfate
5592:-Serine
5566:Glycine
5551:-Serine
5466:Proline
5393:NS-3763
5366:(e.g.,
5357:UBP-302
5235:Proline
5077:(e.g.,
4953:S-18986
4883:IDRA-21
4868:CX-1942
4863:CX-1739
4811:Proline
4589:Vitamin
4483:RVD-Hpα
4438:AA-5-HT
4185:Taurine
4170:Proline
4160:Glycine
4103:Proline
4073:Glycine
3592:proline
3511:glycine
3490:glycine
3481:citrate
3400:alanine
3332:leucine
3144:(≈10.1)
3085:(≈12.5)
3079:(≈10.8)
2987:Glycine
2982:Proline
2977:Alanine
2966:Leucine
2913:Peptide
2908:Protein
2833:8718999
2774:7532172
2745:Bibcode
2709:4471283
2660:3696825
2637:Bibcode
2601:6851881
2508:4584977
2442:3783393
2419:Bibcode
2047:Bibcode
1899:7283225
1838:6372501
1728:West HD
1449:5 March
1195:Ligands
1170:glycine
1168:at the
1166:agonist
1111:glycine
1103:purines
1046:→ HOCH
1023:serinol
976:glycine
957:E. coli
949:3.1.3.3
875:sericum
862:glycine
702:Acidity
670:Density
654:105.093
431:PubChem
330:DB00133
227::
177:56-45-1
69:-serine
44:Serine
8515:Aldols
8430:Serine
8405:Others
8392:SKI II
8306:Enzyme
8202:RP-002
8197:RP-001
7521:Ginkgo
7411:7-TFQA
7258:αEMBTL
6851:β-AIBA
6585:Xylene
6485:Butane
5858:AV-101
5571:HA-966
4858:CX-717
4848:CX-614
4843:CX-546
4838:CX-516
4554:system
4428:2-ALPI
4349:Others
4180:Serine
4108:Serine
3697:valine
3495:serine
3278:lysine
3138:(≈8.3)
3132:(≈5.4)
3126:(≈4.1)
3120:(≈3.9)
3091:(≈6.1)
3077:Lysine
3049:Serine
2956:Valine
2840:
2830:
2822:
2781:
2771:
2763:
2716:
2706:
2667:
2657:
2608:
2598:
2590:
2549:
2541:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2449:
2439:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2325:
2288:
2280:
2243:
2235:
2200:
2165:
2120:
2112:
2077:
2067:
2014:
2006:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1906:
1896:
1888:
1845:
1835:
1827:
1813:: 25.
1786:
1747:: 81.
1692:
1657:
1603:
1421:
1213:. Had
1127:folate
815:codons
752:Serine
586:SMILES
419:C00740
411:C00065
262:ChEMBL
145:Serine
136:Names
32:Sérine
8282:W-146
8242:W-061
7885:NAGly
7858:GlyT2
7757:ACPPB
7745:GlyT1
7699:NMDAR
7437:Tutin
7407:7-TFQ
7403:7-CIQ
7228:Xenon
7174:gases
6580:Xenon
6040:18-MC
6005:2-MDP
5833:7-CKA
5796:PEAQX
5522:B6B21
5512:AK-51
5446:-HCA)
5409:NMDAR
5332:NS102
5063:YM90K
4758:AMPAR
4463:NAGly
4402:Lipid
4237:6-OHM
4129:GABOB
3958:Other
3649:other
3164:types
3030:Polar
2570:APMIS
2547:S2CID
2504:S2CID
2388:S2CID
2286:S2CID
2241:S2CID
2118:S2CID
2070:18334
1963:S2CID
1619:KEGG
1233:Pure
1144:from
1050:CH(NH
1034:CH(NH
898:) to
870:Latin
811:polar
547:InChI
461:71077
309:64231
241:ChEBI
206:JSmol
36:Sarin
8422:S1P:
8415:LPA:
8370:SphK
8097:S1PR
8056:OMPT
8021:LPAR
7935:GABA
7712:here
7710:See
7688:Zinc
7651:PMBA
7643:and
7560:NBQX
7312:2-AG
7233:Zinc
6986:tert
6877:GABA
6826:GlyR
6675:MPEP
6615:-αAA
6473:Zinc
6300:PCPr
6270:NEFA
5956:PNQX
5886:DNQX
5873:CNQX
5806:PPDA
5791:PBPD
5661:DHEA
5646:DHEA
5556:DHPG
5507:ACPD
5497:ACBD
5461:NMDA
5427:AMAA
5327:NBQX
5302:GAMS
5297:DNQX
5287:CNQX
5205:ATPA
5200:AMPA
5038:PNQX
5033:NBQX
5008:GAMS
4998:DNQX
4988:CNQX
4973:ATPO
4933:PEPA
4791:BOAA
4786:AMPA
4516:here
4514:See
4458:NADA
4433:2-OG
4418:2-AG
4383:here
4381:See
4124:GABA
4098:NAAG
4083:GSSG
4078:GSNO
3942:see
2838:PMID
2820:ISSN
2779:PMID
2761:ISSN
2714:PMID
2665:PMID
2606:PMID
2588:ISSN
2539:PMID
2496:PMID
2488:ISSN
2447:PMID
2380:PMID
2372:ISSN
2323:PMID
2278:PMID
2233:PMID
2198:PMID
2163:PMID
2110:PMID
2075:PMID
2012:PMID
2004:ISSN
1955:PMID
1947:ISSN
1904:PMID
1886:ISSN
1843:PMID
1825:ISSN
1784:PMID
1710:link
1690:ISBN
1655:ISBN
1634:serB
1623:etc.
1601:ISBN
1571:2012
1451:2018
1419:ISBN
1357:and
1125:and
1113:and
1105:and
1030:HOCH
904:NADH
902:and
866:silk
598:D/L
472:UNII
445:5951
401:KEGG
293:5736
223:D/L
8418:LPC
8359:OEA
8324:SPT
8227:SPC
8222:S1P
8051:LPA
5838:ACC
5746:CPP
5716:AP7
5527:CCG
5167:KAR
4571:ATP
4566:AMP
4561:ADP
4488:SEA
4478:PEA
4468:OEA
4453:LPI
4448:DEA
4203:GHB
4134:GHB
4093:NAA
2828:PMC
2810:doi
2769:PMC
2753:doi
2704:PMC
2696:doi
2655:PMC
2645:doi
2633:110
2596:PMC
2578:doi
2574:127
2531:doi
2478:doi
2437:PMC
2427:doi
2364:doi
2315:doi
2270:doi
2225:doi
2190:doi
2153:doi
2102:doi
2098:215
2065:PMC
2055:doi
1994:doi
1990:238
1939:doi
1935:222
1894:PMC
1878:doi
1833:PMC
1815:doi
1776:doi
1749:doi
1682:doi
1597:580
1541:doi
1474:doi
1311:ALS
1101:of
1054:)CH
1038:)CO
951:).
917:).
906:by
890:of
796:COO
758:or
756:Ser
515:EPA
453:617
434:CID
390:726
301:597
65:of
8486::
8420:;
7675:,
7671:,
7667:,
7629:,
7625:,
7621:,
7617:,
7613:,
7609:,
7605:,
7601:,
7587:,
7583:,
7579:,
7575:,
7571:,
7551:))
7547:,
7543:,
7539:,
7535:,
7527:,
7503:,
7499:,
7470:,
7466:,
7462:,
7458:,
7409:,
7405:,
7401:,
7397:,
7393:,
7314:,
7220:,
7216:,
7212:,
7208:,
7204:,
7200:,
7196:,
7192:,
7188:,
7184:,
7180:,
7162:,
7158:,
7154:,
7150:,
7146:,
7102:,
7098:,
7094:,
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