78:) had just received an order of promotion to be the military advisor to the prefect of Yi Prefecture (considered a promotion since Yi Prefecture was larger and more important) and had arrived at Yi Prefecture. However, paperwork of Fang's commission had not yet arrived at Yi Prefecture, yet he wanted to take his post immediately. He was also beginning to subject the military staff, whom he commanded, to physical punishments. Du, who was under his command, responded, "Although you, Lord, have been ordered to be this prefecture's military advisor, the prefectural government has not yet received orders of your commission. Why do you care about your salary for a few days and not want to wait for the imperial edict. Is it not that you are in too much of a hurry to be in command?" Fang became angry, but Du then continued:
168:. On an occasion, Wu Zetian, who favored signs of fortune, showed a pear flower in the winter. All of the other chancellors thought it was a sign of fortune that the pear was flowering in the winter, but Du did not, instead pointing out that this showed that the seasons were not in order, and begged for forgiveness—stating that this must be a sign that the officials were not doing their jobs properly. Wu Zetian, in approval, responded, "Only you are a true chancellor." However, later in 694, Wu Zetian, displeased with the powerful chancellor
129:. He and Xu were known for lenience, while Lai and Hou were known for torturing prisoners and getting them to confess to nonexistent crimes. There was a saying at the time, "Meet Xu or Du and live; meet Lai or Hou and die." Eventually, he was made the military advisor to the prefect of the capital prefecture Luo Prefecture (洛州, roughly modern
322:
the Duke of Ying launched against Wu Zetian in 684 -- where Li Jingye had gone to Yang
Prefecture and pretended to have been just made the military advisor there, using this as the means to take control of the prefecture. Therefore, this confrontation between Du and Fang must have happened after
87:
Du then dismissed the staff from Fang's presence, and Fang, humiliated, stopped giving orders. Several days later, the imperial edict arrived, but instead of making Fang the military advisor for Yi
Prefecture, made him the military advisor of Jing Prefecture (荊州, roughly modern
82:
You, Lord, are holding an order that is not an imperial edict. It has not yet been verified, and yet you want to be in control of the prefecture. Who can vouch for you? The disaster at Yang
Prefecture happened in this manner as
198:—for not being able to curb Li Zhaode's power. The five chancellors so accused were all demoted to be prefectural prefect—in Du's case, to be the prefect of Zhen Prefecture (榛州, in modern
96:). The officials at Yi Prefecture made up a rhyme, "The secretary's argument had a connection to heaven; the military advisor of Yi Prefecture lost his thunder." (錄事意, 與天通, 益州司馬折威風,
60:
when he was young and eventually became an assistant imperial censor. At a later point, he was made a secretary in charge of military matters at Yi
Prefecture (益州, roughly modern
309:
At that time, the post of the prefect was probably vacant or formally held by a noble at the capital, and so Fang would have been the senior official in charge of the prefecture.
235:) and Du, who pointed out that these people were forced into surrendering to save their lives. Wu Zetian agreed and spared them. Later that year, Du was again made
229:) had proposed that the people who had previously surrendered to Khitan all be considered traitors and be executed. This was opposed by the official Wang Qiuli (
247:). While serving at that post, he was accused of revealing palace secrets and first made the deputy chief judge of the supreme court (司刑少卿,
380:
390:
42:
23:
346:
336:
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Du became famed for this incident. He was eventually made the secretary general at the ministry of vassal affairs (司賓主簿,
395:
364:
360:
356:
48:
It is not known when Du was born, but it is known that his family was from Ji
Prefecture (冀州, roughly modern
385:
243:. In 698, however, he was removed from his chancellor position and made the minister of justice (秋官尚書,
57:
205:
Eventually, Du was recalled to the capital to serve as the chief judge of the supreme court (司刑卿,
341:
331:
288:
276:
31:
351:
282:
182:), then submitted articles of impeachment against Du and several fellow chancellors --
374:
210:
183:
70:), the military advisor to the prefect of nearby Long Prefecture (隆州, roughly modern
173:
34:
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The reference to the disaster at Yang
Prefecture was to the rebellion that
89:
71:
49:
251:) and then the secretary general at Bing Prefecture (并州, roughly modern
252:
130:
75:
61:
256:
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and the assistant chief judge of the supreme court, Huangfu Wenbei (
223:) the Prince of Henan (the grandson of Wu Zetian's uncle Wu Shiyi (
115:
era (690-691), he was serving with such individuals as Xu
Yougong (
134:
93:
53:
150:), the deputy head of the legislative bureau of government (鳳閣,
107:), and then the secretary general at the supreme court (司刑丞,
296:(杜景佺) and also asserted that he was originally named
98:Lushi yi, yu tian tong, Yizhou sima zhe weifeng
80:
230:
224:
218:
177:
159:
145:
116:
65:
8:
259:). He died on the way to Bing Prefecture.
209:). In 697, when, in the aftermath of a
267:
7:
239:and chancellor with the designation
172:, exiled Li, and fellow chancellor
274:The name of "Jingjian" is per the
41:'s Zhou dynasty, twice serving as
14:
241:Tong Fengge Luantai PIngzhangshi
156:Tong Fengge Luantai Pingzhangshi
154:), and gave him the designation
27:
1:
64:). At that time, Fang Siye (
381:Chancellors under Wu Zetian
164:), making him a chancellor
412:
140:In 694, Wu Zetian made Du
45:during Wu Zetian's reign.
391:Politicians from Hengshui
231:
225:
219:
178:
160:
146:
117:
66:
30:) was an official of the
111:). During Wu Zetian's
85:
263:Notes and references
58:imperial examination
396:Du clan of Jingzhao
16:Chinese chancellor
292:gave his name as
56:). He passed the
403:
342:New Book of Tang
332:Old Book of Tang
324:
316:
310:
307:
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289:New Book of Tang
277:Old Book of Tang
272:
245:Qiuguan Shangshu
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213:invasion led by
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249:Sixing Shaoqing
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386:Chinese judges
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352:Zizhi Tongjian
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326:
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311:
302:
283:Zizhi Tongjian
266:
264:
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237:Fengge Shilang
142:Fengge Shilang
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109:Sixing Cheng
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97:
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35:Tang dynasty
19:
18:
345:, vol. 116.
298:Du Yuanfang
294:Du Jingquan
215:Sun Wanrong
207:Sixing Qing
196:Lu Yuanfang
123:Lai Junchen
105:Sibin Zhubu
20:Du Jingjian
375:Categories
335:, vol. 90.
188:Wei Juyuan
43:chancellor
320:Li Jingye
200:Chongqing
192:Su Weidao
170:Li Zhaode
127:Hou Sizhi
39:Wu Zetian
355:, vols.
280:and the
166:de facto
161:同鳳閣鸞臺平章事
113:Tianshou
90:Jingzhou
72:Nanchong
50:Hengshui
286:. The
253:Taiyuan
131:Luoyang
76:Sichuan
62:Chengdu
32:Chinese
24:Chinese
300:(杜元方).
257:Shanxi
211:Khitan
194:, and
152:Fengge
125:, and
26::
135:Henan
94:Hubei
83:well.
54:Hebei
323:684.
226:武士逸)
179:皇甫文備
147:鳳閣侍郎
37:and
365:206
361:205
357:204
232:王求禮
220:武懿宗
202:).
137:).
121:),
118:徐有功
100:.)
67:房嗣業
28:杜景儉
377::
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158:(
144:(
22:(
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