456:
212:
433:, although when he took office, he was dispatched to do more important tasks. On September 24, because of the Constitutional Movement, the Qing government sent Duanfang along with Zaize, Dai Hongci, Xu Shichang, and Shao Ying to go one a diplomatic mission to the West to study constitutions in order to prepare the Qing constitution. When the five ministers embarked on that day, a revolutionary, Wu Yue, activated a suicide bomb at the
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62:
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Manchu men had abandoned their original polysyllabic personal names infavor of Han-style disyllabic names; they had adopted the Han practice of choosing characters with auspicious meanings for the names; and they had assigned names on a generational basis. . . Except among some Hanjun such as the two
627:
The ancestors of the post-Boxer official
Duanfang, for example, were Han Chinese from Zhejiang who, when they moved to southern Manchuria in the late Ming, became subjects of the Qing and were enrolled in the Manchu Plain White Banner; they then Manchufied their surname from Tao to Tohoro (Tuohuoluo
447:
On
December 7, Duanfang and Dai Hongci departed in secrecy, with 33 official members on a warship from Qinhuangdao to Shanghai, and on December 19 in the afternoon transfer to an American cruise to Japan. They visited Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden,
515:
as governor of
Sichuan, and Duanfang became the acting governor, he led the Hubei New Army into Sichuan. The new army mutinied on November 27, and officer Liu Yifeng killed Duanfang, as part of a general wave of anti Manchu violence during the revolution.
532:. As governor of Hubei and Hunan, he established the Teacher's College. While he was governor of Jiangsu, determined to get rid of bad habits, he ordered counties to refund red envelopes to send two local students to study abroad.
426:, Afterward, he was transferred to a new post as Governor of Hunan. In his successive posts, he encouraged students to study abroad, known as an enlightened person, "enthusiastic in experience in foreign and domestic affairs."
347:
The Manchu bannermen typically used their first/personal name to address themselves and not their last name, while Han bannermen used their last name and first in normal
Chinese custom. Duanfang followed the Manchu custom.
761:
The railway company's chief officer at
Yichang was no longer listening to company directives and had turned company accounts over to Duanfang, Superintendent of the Chuan Han and Yue Han railroads. The situation of the
559:
artifacts, becoming the first modern
Chinese person to have a collection of foreign artifacts. After he died in Sichuan, his children lived in poverty, and in 1924 they sold his most famous collection, a set of
448:
Norway, Austria, and Russia, returning in August the following year. After their return, Duanfang gave a summary of their inspection, advocating strongly that the main source of study should be on the
Japanese
733:
family name but called themselves only by their personal name—for example, Yikuang, Ronglu, Gangyi, Duanfang, Xiliang, and
Tieliang. In this respect, most Manchus remained conspicuously different from Han.
788:
Yan, Haiying; Clarysse, Willy (2006). "Ägypten in der
Verbotenen Stadt: Der kaiserliche Beamte Duan Fang brachte zu Anfang des 20. Jhs. zahlreich Aegyptiaca nach China".
838:
391:
and was not implicated. The Qing government established the agriculture, commerce, and trade bureau in
Beijing, and Duanfang was placed in charge of the bureau.
329:
directly, instead of joining the separate Han Chinese banners. Han Chinese in the Manchu banners became Manchucized. The Manchu White Banner were joined by some
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train station in an assassination attempt, resulting in the postponement of the journey. Xu Shichang, Shaoying, and Li Shengduo were replaced by Shang Qiheng.
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Duanfang was the founder of the first kindergarten in China and provincial libraries. He also sent more than 20 girls to Japan to study pedagogy. The
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provincial judge, administrative commissioner, and agent of the Shaanxi governor. In 1900, after Beijing was occupied by the forces of the
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erupted over the nationalization of local railroad construction and their transfer to foreign banks. Duanfang arrived in
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Duanfang was one of the founders of China's modern education. While he was acting Viceroy of Liangjiang, he founded the
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awarded Duanfang with an official cap of the third rank. Duanfang purchased a batch of animals from Germany for the
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471:. Due to photographs being taken at the funeral of Empress Dowager Cixi, Duanfang was dismissed from office.
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Manchus & Han: ethnic relations and political power in late Qing and early republican China, 1861-1928
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Manchus & Han: ethnic relations and political power in late Qing and early republican China, 1861-1928
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Manchus & Han: ethnic relations and political power in late Qing and early republican China, 1861-1928
414:, Empress Dowager Cixi and the Guangxu Emperor fled to Shaanxi. Duanfang was transferred to a new post as
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344:. Their last name was changed to the Manchu sounding "Tohoro". Duanfang was one of their descendants.
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On May 18, 1911, Duanfang was appointed as the Chuanhan and Yuehan railroad's superintendent. The
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31:. In accordance with Manchu custom, it should be used alone or with titles but not with the
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Duanfang was a well-known collector of antiques, and maintained a good relationship with
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The Swedish envoy Gustaf Oscar Wallenberg visits the vice-king Tuan Fang in Nanking 1907
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714:(reprint, illustrated ed.). University of Washington Press. p. 57.
676:(reprint, illustrated ed.). University of Washington Press. p. 56.
608:(reprint, illustrated ed.). University of Washington Press. p. 55.
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even though he was under a Manchu banner. Some Han Chinese joined Manchu
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The heritage of Han: the Gelaohui and the 1911 revolution in Sichuan
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and others. During his inspection tours abroad, he also collected
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provincial administrative commissioner, and then to governor of
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Zhao brothers, bannermen still did not, by and large, use their
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In 1905, Duanfang was recalled to Beijing, and was promoted to
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Duanfang wrote articles against footbinding in support of the
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politician, educator and collector who lived in the late
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spiraled out of control, eventually resulting in the
511:. On September 10, the Qing imperial court removed
340:who defected to the Manchus towards the end of the
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572:. The bronzes are now in the collection of the
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463:After returning to China, Duanfang served as
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837:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
383:, but when it failed, he was protected by
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657:United States Government Printing Office
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564:bronze artifacts, for about 20 million
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827:] (in Traditional Chinese). China.
402:Since then, Duanfang took the post of
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258:; 20 April 1861 – 27 November 1911),
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911:Political office-holders in Jiangsu
906:Political office-holders in Fujian
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901:Political office-holders in Hubei
896:Political office-holders in Henan
751:. University of Iowa. p. 156
467:. In 1909, he became Governor of
299:. He was a member of the Tohoro (
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16:Chinese politician (1861–1911)
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476:Nanyang industrial exposition
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951:Manchu Plain White Bannermen
708:Edward J. M. Rhoads (2001).
670:Edward J. M. Rhoads (2001).
602:Edward J. M. Rhoads (2001).
886:Assassinated Chinese people
539:was founded by Duanfang in
493:Railway Protection Movement
369:) before being promoted to
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745:Robert H. Felsing (1979).
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465:Viceroy of Liangjiang
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424:Viceroy of Liangjiang
408:Eight-Nation Alliance
336:with the family name
77:Viceroy of Liangjiang
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570:John Calvin Ferguson
393:Empress Dowager Cixi
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353:Imperial Examination
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503:, the situation of
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431:Viceroy of Min-Zhe
307:Plain White Banner
267:simplified Chinese
119:Viceroy of Huguang
946:Viceroys of Zhili
858:Media related to
775:"Nanjing Library"
646:"Tuan-fang"
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813:Zhao, Erxun
796:(1): 47–51.
790:Antike Welt
513:Zhao Erfeng
397:Beijing Zoo
389:Li Lianying
361:yuanwailang
334:Han Chinese
323:Han Chinese
137:Preceded by
95:Preceded by
21:Manchu name
870:Categories
762:Sichuanese
615:0295980400
584:References
547:Collection
410:after the
250:Wade–Giles
207:Allegiance
173:1861-04-20
25:given name
833:cite book
589:Citations
543:in 1907.
371:langzhong
302:託濶羅 / 托活络
291:), was a
255:Tuan-fang
131:1902–1904
127:In office
89:1906–1909
85:In office
33:clan name
860:Duanfang
815:(1928).
755:March 2,
727:March 2,
689:March 2,
621:March 2,
331:Zhejiang
245:Duānfāng
228:Duanfang
66:Duanfang
45:Duanfang
29:Duanfang
19:In this
805:Sources
541:Nanjing
530:Nanjing
505:Sichuan
501:Chengdu
480:Nanyang
404:Shaanxi
327:banners
309:of the
232:Chinese
196:Sichuan
100:Zhou Fu
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680:
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497:Hankou
385:Ronglu
293:Manchu
288:Wǔqiáo
285::
283:pinyin
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263:Wuqiao
252::
242::
240:pinyin
234::
36:Tohoro
23:, the
821:[
818:《清史稿》
566:taels
469:Zhili
420:Hubei
416:Henan
839:link
757:2012
729:2012
716:ISBN
691:2012
678:ISBN
623:2012
610:ISBN
485:南洋大臣
474:The
387:and
317:Life
182:Died
167:Born
528:in
488:).
366:員外郎
338:Tao
27:is
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271:午桥
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236:端方
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