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however, used lower cutoff filters as they saw fit, also reducing the cost of audio filters. Typically, they chose 14 kHz although some used filters as low as 12.5 kHz. The elliptical filter was chosen for having the greatest bandwidth with the lowest phase distortion at the cutoff frequency. In comparison, standard FM modulators filter the audio at slightly higher frequencies but still must protect the 19 kHz pilot signal. The filter used during EIA/FCC testing had a characteristic that was −60 dB at 15.5 kHz. As transformer audio coupling was common at that time, the lower frequency limit was set to 50 Hz although modulators without transformer inputs were flat down to at least 20 Hz.
289:
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If there is, the difference signal is extracted by filtering out the signal between 1H and 3H into a separate channel, and the carrier is re-created by adding 2H to this. This signal is then decompressed from its dbx format, and then fed, along with the original Main, to a stereo decoder. FM stereo radio works in the same fashion, differing mainly in that the equivalent to the H signal is 19 kHz, not 15.734.
485:
less than 4.5% for best audio sub channel decoding. This was more of a problem with UHF transmitters of the day. Multi-cavity klystron RF amplifiers of that time typically had an ICPM above 7%. This made UHF transmission of MTS stereo impossible. Later UHF transmitter designs improved ICPM performance and allowed MTS stereo transmission.
373:
compression to reduce high-frequency noise. To lower total average power, the carrier is not sent (which means there is no always-on signal at that frequency). On reception, the receiver uses the video signal to create the Pilot, and then examines that frequency to see if there is any signal present.
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In ideal circumstances, MTS Stereo is better in performance than standard VHF FM stereo. In both FM Stereo and MTS the L-R subchannel is AM double-sideband modulated. AM is known to be susceptible to interference and noise reduction to the sub-channel aids in the improvement of SNR over standard FM
230:
From 1985 to 2000, the networks would display the disclaimer "in stereo (where available)" at the beginning of stereo programming, sometimes using marketing tags such as CBS's "StereoSound" to describe their institution of stereo service. Networks in Canada and Mexico, which also used the NTSC video
127:
Telesonics and WTTW formed a working relationship and began developing the system which was similar to FM stereo modulation. Twelve WTTW studio and transmitter engineers added the needed broadcast experience to the relationship. The
Telesonics system was tested and refined using the WTTW transmitter
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Maintaining the phase stability of the horizontal sync is essential to good audio in the decode process. During transmission, the phase of the horizontal sync could vary with picture and chroma levels. ICPM (Incidental
Carrier Phase Modulation), a measure of transmitted phase stability, needs to be
447:
to the signal. The MTS pilot is locked or derived from the horizontal sync signal used to lock the video display. Variations in phase or frequency of the horizontal sync are therefore transferred to the audio. UHF transmitters in use in 1984 generally had significant phase errors introduced in this
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MTS worked by adding new signals to the free portion of this upper 0.25 MHz allocation. The original audio signal was left alone and broadcast as it always had been. Under MTS, this is the Main
Channel. The actual signal in this channel is constructed by adding together the two stereo channels
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The original specifications called for a brick wall elliptical filter in each of the audio channels prior to encoding. The cutoff frequency of this filter was 15 kHz to prevent any horizontal sync interference (15.734 kHz) from being encoded in the audio. Manufacturers of modulators,
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SAP, if present, is centered on 5H, but encodes a monaural signal at lower audio fidelity and amplitude. The PRO signal is likewise encoded at 7H. A signal using all four channels extends only to about half of the available bandwidth in the original audio upper sideband.
190:
Quasar TV manufacturing plant and laboratory, just west of
Chicago, was used as the source for all testing of the competing systems. Following the testing, several questions were raised about the validity of some of the tests, and a second round of testing began.
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to improve the audio with typical SNR greater than 50 dB. By adding noise reduction to the sub-channel only, complete mono compatibility was maintained. Viewers who owned mono TV sets would hear normal audio, only limited to 15 kHz bandwidth.
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that every CECB contains. NTIA has stated that MTS was made optional for cost reasons; this may have been due to a belief that MTS still required royalty payments to THAT Corporation, which is no longer true except for some digital implementations.
198:(FCC) rule-making on the BTSC system. MTS was officially adopted by the FCC on 23 April 1984. Following EIA and FCC recommendations, the BE modulator was modified to meet BTSC specifications, and by August 1984 was in full-time use on WTTW.
81:
MTS worked by adding additional audio signals in otherwise empty portions of the television signal. MTS allowed up to a total of four audio channels. Normally two were broadcast to produce the left and right stereo channels. An additional
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Typical separation was better than 35 dB. However, level matching between channels was essential to achieve this specification. Left and Right audio levels needed to be matched within less than 0.1 dB to achieve the separation stated.
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which was spun off from dbx in 1989 and acquired its MTS patents in 1994; however, those patents expired worldwide in 2004. Though THAT now owns some patents related to digital implementations of MTS, a letter from THAT to the
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signal making the transmission of stereo audio on UHF stations of that time nearly impossible. Later refinements in UHF transmitters minimized these effects and allowed stereo transmission for those stations.
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A second channel is then added, the Stereo
Subchannel, centered at 31.468 kHz and extending 15 kHz on either side. This left a small gap between the Main and Stereo signals at 15.734 kHz. This
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The Stereo
Subchannel consisted of the same two audio signals, L and R, but mixed out of phase to produce the "L–R" signal, or "difference". This signal is sent at a higher amplitude and encoded using
346:. With the audio signal centered within the 0.5 MHz channel, and the lower 0.25 MHz being partially infringed on by leftover video signal, the upper 0.25 MHz was left largely empty.
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is also known as "H", or "1H", and its frequency is selected to be a harmonic of the video's horizontal scan signal so that it can be accurately recreated from the video signal using a
178:(EIA) and Japanese EIA asked to be included in order to represent their members in the testing and specification phases of the approval process. WTTW engineers helped set standards for
194:
WTTW installed a
Broadcast Electronics prototype stereo modulator in October 1983 and began full-time broadcasting in stereo at that time using the Telesonics system prior to
271:
THAT has created consumer pages on the DTV transition and how it affects MTS. The site describes the situation by stating that most consumers with CECBs will end up with
86:(SAP), could be used to broadcast other languages or entirely different audio like weather alerts that could be accessed by the user, typically through a button on their
211:, had stereo broadcast capability; regular stereo transmission of NBC programs began during early 1985. ABC and CBS followed suit in 1986 and 1987, respectively.
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for the audio signal, 0.5 MHz, although the audio signal itself was defined to extend from 50 Hz to 15,000 Hz. This was centered on the audio
699:
124:
stations. Telesonics offered a way to send the same stereo audio over the existing television signals, thereby removing the need for the FM simulcast.
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launched the following season with their entire line-ups in stereo). One of the first television receiving systems to include BTSC capability was the
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A third PRO (professional) channel is provided for internal use by the station, and may handle audio or data. The PRO channel is normally used with
182:, separation, and other uses of the spectrum. They also provided program source material used for the testing and maintained the broadcast chain. A
455:. Because the pilot tone frequency at 15.734 kHz is different from that of the ordinary FM band (19 kHz), such radios cannot decode MTS.
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This article is about an
American analog television standard for sound multiplex. For the secondary audio feed on television in general, see
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As a component of the NTSC standard, MTS is no longer being used in U.S. full-power television broadcasting after the June 12, 2009
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was the last network to join in 1987, with the four networks having their entire prime-time schedules in stereo by late 1994 (
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Most FM broadcast receivers are capable of receiving the audio portion of NTSC Channel 6 at 87.75 MHz, but only in
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4.5 MHz above the video signal, and given 25 kHz on either side of the carrier, using only 15 kHz of it.
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366:. If there is any signal present at the 1H frequency, the television knows a stereo version of the signal is present.
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for the PRO channel are generally only sold to broadcast professionals. This sub-carrier is at 6.5x horizontal sync.
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in their plant, using split audio track heads manufactured to their specifications, outboard record electronics, and
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in 2007 confirms that no license is required from THAT for all analog and some digital implementations of MTS.
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During the FCC approval process, several manufacturers applied to the FCC for consideration. Most notably the
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74:. It was developed by the Broadcast Television Systems Committee, an industry group, and sometimes known as
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Initial work on design and testing of a stereophonic audio system began in 1975 when
Telesonics approached
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This meant the lower and upper 0.2475 MHz of the audio channel was unused. Due to the nature of the
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24-track audio recorder was used to allow the selection of 12 different stereo programs for testing. The
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color signals added in the 1950s, the upper parts of the color signal pushed into the lower audio
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STL (Studio
Transmitter Link). By that time, WTTW engineers had further developed stereo audio on
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signals and can be received on any NTSC television even without stereo circuitry.
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The original North American television standards provided a significant amount of
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Sporadic network transmission of stereo audio began on NBC on July 26, 1984, with
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MTS signals are indicated to the television receiver by adding a 15.734 kHz
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MM1100, 24-track audio recorder was also used for music production and mixing.
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in stereo were provided with a four-track (left, right, vertical drive, and
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171:) audiotape that could be synced with the video machines in those cities.
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410:. This sub-carrier is at 5x horizontal sync and is also dBx encoded.
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standard adopted the MTS format for their analog systems, including
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master control switcher and had added a second audio channel to the
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37:"BTSC" redirects here. For the Thai transport company, see
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National Telecommunications and Information Administration
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to be recorded and electronically edited. In addition, an
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dbx-TV and the Digital TV Transition (THAT Corporation)
390:(SAP) also is part of the standard, providing another
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to produce a signal largely identical to the original
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428:on-location), which can then talk back through the
659:Letter to NTIA, August 21, 2007 (THAT Corporation)
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231:standard, utilized MTS sound when made available.
701:Understanding Multichannel Television Sound (MTS)
522:Several nations outside North America using the
638:NTIA Letter to THAT Corporation, August 2, 2007
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51:) is the method of encoding three additional
8:
707:(Technical report). Sencore. Archived from
618:RCA Dimensia FKC2600E and FKC2601T Monitors
464:broadcast. The sub-channel information is
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424:to talk to the remote location (such as a
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110:. WTTW was producing a music show titled
2241:Output power of an analog TV transmitter
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562:, used the MTS standard with alternate
204:The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson
1655:Also used in China's DVB-S/S2 network.
163:member stations who wished to deliver
2271:Direct-broadcast satellite television
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1649:
263:, but MTS is merely optional for the
135:In 1979, WTTW had installed a stereo
94:, was only used by the broadcasters.
7:
2161:Vestigial sideband modulation (VSB)
302:on the frequency of the PRO channel
241:DTV transition in the United States
235:DTV transition in the United States
725:dbx-TV Timeline (THAT Corporation)
27:Television audio encoding standard
25:
196:Federal Communications Commission
287:
2156:Quadrature amplitude modulation
608:, July 28, 1984, sec. 1, p. 46.
255:(CECBs) are required to output
253:coupon-eligible converter boxes
32:Sound multiplex in broadcasting
2320:Television channel frequencies
176:Electronic Industries Alliance
120:the stereo audio mix on local
1:
2291:Digital television transition
2120:Multichannel television sound
1160:Field-sequential color system
604:Peter W. Kaplan, "TV Notes",
45:Multichannel Television Sound
2363:Field strength in free space
2064:Horizontal blanking interval
1740:Reverse Standards Conversion
298:appears to contradict itself
2261:Superheterodyne transmitter
550:standard, within their own
39:Bangkok Mass Transit System
2507:
2099:Vertical blanking interval
628:. Retrieved on 2014-05-11.
493:Because of the use of dbx
106:public television station
36:
29:
2074:Nominal analogue blanking
1700:
1689:
1641:
801:
790:
415:electronic news gathering
296:This article or section
2393:Television interference
2266:Television receive-only
784:Broadcast video formats
382:Usage of audio channels
243:. It remains in use in
2315:Microwave transmission
2281:Terrestrial television
2276:Television transmitter
2236:Intermediate frequency
2029:Chrominance subcarrier
1750:Television transmitter
643:July 20, 2008, at the
459:Real-world performance
116:at that time, and was
90:. The fourth channel,
2491:Television technology
2481:Broadcast engineering
2187:Broadcast transmitter
1735:MPEG transport stream
1562:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
1125:Mechanical television
1033:Zweikanalton (A2/IGR)
552:domestic NTSC variant
310:for more information.
149:Dolby noise reduction
2429:Zero reference pulse
2414:Field strength meter
2151:Frequency modulation
2059:Horizontal scan rate
1770:Widescreen signaling
1745:Standards conversion
1730:Moving image formats
388:second audio program
227:, released in 1984.
84:second audio program
2368:Noise (electronics)
2231:Intercarrier method
2191:Transmitter station
1826:broadcasting topics
1725:Display motion blur
145:videotape recorders
2256:Split sound system
2206:Differential phase
1776:Analogue TV Topics
730:2008-10-09 at the
675:2008-10-15 at the
624:2002-12-22 at the
546:adopted their own
180:frequency response
128:facilities on the
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2383:Radiation pattern
2201:Differential gain
1823:Analog television
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1567:MPEG Multichannel
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554:. Two countries,
396:video description
364:phase locked loop
325:
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16:(Redirected from
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2310:Frequency offset
2251:Residual carrier
2196:Cavity amplifier
2094:Television lines
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1765:Video processing
1695:Technical issues
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844:(Color systems:
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620:. Cedmagic.com.
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249:cable television
247:and in analogue
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1042:Hidden signals
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714:on 2019-02-20.
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436:. Specialized
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88:remote control
53:audio channels
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78:as a result.
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19:
2455:Hanover bars
2246:Pre-emphasis
2170:Transmission
2135:Zweikanalton
2039:Color killer
1964:Clear-Vision
1316:MPEG-2 Video
854:Clear-Vision
749:
720:
709:the original
700:
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581:Zweikanalton
521:
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404:campus radio
385:
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360:pilot signal
356:
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301:
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270:
265:RF modulator
257:stereo sound
238:
229:
225:RCA Dimensia
202:
200:
193:
173:
164:
152:
137:Grass Valley
134:
126:
118:simulcasting
111:
101:
91:
80:
75:
48:
44:
43:
2424:VIT signals
2419:Vectorscope
2358:Earth bulge
2340:Propagation
2303:& bands
2301:Frequencies
2084:Raster scan
2024:Chrominance
2014:Black level
2009:front porch
1774:Templates (
1491:MPEG-H HEVC
1230:Progressive
566:standards.
540:Philippines
430:remote link
408:weatheradio
406:station or
130:Sears Tower
2475:Categories
2353:Distortion
2286:Transposer
2221:Dummy load
2177:Amplifiers
2144:Modulation
2034:Colorburst
2005:Back porch
1618:Captioning
1420:MPEG-4 AVC
1188:Interlaced
1113:Historical
1049:Captioning
1008:BTSC (MTS)
983:1250 lines
967:1125 lines
796:Television
592:References
505:, then to
501:—first to
495:companding
445:pilot tone
434:TV station
422:broadcasts
316:April 2023
188:Matsushita
165:Soundstage
153:Soundstage
113:Soundstage
18:Dual sound
2460:Sparklies
2445:Dot crawl
2438:Artifacts
2378:Path loss
2373:Null fill
2348:Beam tilt
2089:Safe area
1755:Test card
1428:ATSC A/72
1334:DVB 3D-TV
946:819 lines
874:625 lines
834:525 lines
816:405 lines
560:Argentina
503:dbx, Inc.
499:royalties
489:Licensing
438:receivers
352:monoaural
329:bandwidth
308:talk page
169:time code
141:microwave
2450:Ghosting
2211:Diplexer
2079:Overscan
2044:Color TV
1937:System F
1933:System E
1929:819-line
1923:System N
1919:System L
1915:System K
1911:System I
1907:System H
1903:System G
1899:System D
1895:System C
1891:System B
1887:625-line
1881:System M
1877:525-line
1872:455-line
1867:441-line
1861:System A
1857:405-line
1852:375-line
1847:343-line
1842:180-line
1667:Defunct.
1633:Teletext
1499:ATSC 3.0
1155:567-line
1150:455-line
1145:441-line
1140:375-line
1135:343-line
1130:180-line
1120:Pre-1940
1074:Teletext
954:System E
882:System B
842:System M
824:System A
728:Archived
673:Archived
641:Archived
622:Archived
586:EIAJ MTS
570:See also
548:EIAJ MTS
538:and the
532:Colombia
518:Adoption
453:monaural
426:reporter
392:language
344:sideband
273:monaural
72:System N
68:System M
64:carriers
59:4.5 MHz
2402:Testing
1984:PALplus
1834:Systems
1514:ISDB-S3
1463:MobaHo!
1410:MobaHo!
1179:Digital
926:PALplus
741:Sources
470:encoded
432:to the
417:during
104:Chicago
98:History
1959:NTSC-J
1587:HE-AAC
1509:HD DMB
1054:CGMS-A
990:HD-MAC
850:NTSC-J
807:Analog
556:Brazil
536:Taiwan
300:
251:. All
217:The WB
57:analog
2486:Sound
2125:NICAM
2113:Sound
1998:Video
1989:SECAM
1979:PAL-S
1974:PAL-M
1529:Audio
1481:ABS-S
1453:SBTVD
1392:ABS-S
1351:ABS-S
1294:UHDTV
1287:1080p
1218:1080i
1018:NICAM
1000:Audio
930:SECAM
922:PAL-N
864:B-MAC
858:PAL-M
712:(PDF)
705:(PDF)
576:NICAM
544:Japan
528:Chile
157:Ampex
61:audio
55:into
2388:Skew
2069:Luma
2007:and
1954:NTSC
1623:CPCM
1577:LPCM
1547:AC-4
1537:AC-3
1519:DTMB
1473:AVS2
1458:1seg
1443:DTMB
1433:CMMB
1387:DTMB
1379:AVS+
1369:CMMB
1346:DTMB
1341:ISDB
1324:ATSC
1282:720p
1277:HDTV
1270:576p
1265:480p
1260:EDTV
1253:288p
1248:240p
1243:1seg
1238:LDTV
1213:HDTV
1206:576i
1201:480i
1196:SDTV
1165:OSKM
1094:VITC
1084:VEIL
1013:EIAJ
974:MUSE
846:NTSC
558:and
524:NTSC
419:news
394:, a
386:The
340:NTSC
259:via
245:LPTV
219:and
209:WNBC
108:WTTW
76:BTSC
70:and
2330:VHF
2325:UHF
1969:PAL
1719:DCI
1628:EPG
1608:AFD
1582:AAC
1572:PCM
1557:DRA
1552:DTS
1541:5.1
1504:DVB
1448:DVB
1438:DMB
1361:AVS
1329:DVB
1104:XDS
1099:WSS
1089:VIT
1079:VBI
1069:PDC
1064:GCR
1059:EPG
1023:SAP
936:MAC
918:PAL
564:PAL
466:dbx
400:DVS
371:dbx
221:UPN
213:FOX
161:PBS
92:PRO
66:on
49:MTS
2477::
1935:,
1921:,
1917:,
1913:,
1909:,
1905:,
1901:,
1897:,
1893:,
1660:^
1648:^
1304:8K
1299:4K
956:,
928:,
924:,
920:,
912:,
908:,
904:,
900:,
896:,
892:,
888:,
884:,
856:,
852:,
848:,
683:^
651:^
542:.
534:,
530:,
184:3M
132:.
122:FM
2189:/
1939:)
1931:(
1925:)
1889:(
1883:)
1879:(
1863:)
1859:(
1815:e
1808:t
1801:v
1778:)
1721:)
1717:(
1543:)
1539:(
958:F
932:)
914:N
910:L
906:K
902:I
898:H
894:G
890:D
886:C
860:)
776:e
769:t
762:v
468:-
318:)
314:(
304:.
47:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
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