2444:
3091:
393:
society that is committed to healing the divisions" the charges brought against him were an attempt at suppressing "legitimate criticism and debate." In July 2023 the
Johannesburg High Court set aside the 2019 SAHRC finding, ruling that the SAHRC had acted outside its mandate in its finding on hateful speech.
266:
Malema first sang the song during a speech he was giving, in his capacity as
President of the ANCLY, at the University of Johannesburg in 2010; where he sang in the context of post-1994 South Africa's slow resolution to the problem unequal distribution of land ownership along racial lines. Four weeks
401:
Malema, now leader of the EFF, again appeared in court in 2022 for allegedly singing the song in a case brought by
Afriforum where the issue of whether or not the song was hate speech was debated. The Johannesburg High Court ruled that the chant and song were not intended to be taken seriously; that
216:
and subsequent transfer of power from white-minority government was a notable period of instability for South Africa marked with fears of potential for widespread racial violence. It was feared that the assassination of Chris Hani might trigger such violence and political chaos. This coincided with
392:
The SAHRC acquitted Malema on five accounts of hate speech towards White and Indian South
Africans, one of the charges being for the singing of an altered "Kiss the boer" version of dubul' ibhunu. The SAHRC found that although Malema's comments were "still quite problematic to us in a democratic
383:
satisfies the crime of incitement to murder." The court ruled that Julius Malema, who was brought before the court for previously singing the song at rallies, was forbidden from singing it in the future. Following the ruling Malema changed the wording of the song to "Kiss the Boer" and sang that
67:
Supporters of the song see it as a song that articulates an important part of South Africa's history, is an important part of political discourse, and that its meaning has been misconstrued. Opponents of the song argue that can be seen to bear a literal interpretation and therefore constitutes
197:" chant at ANC rallies. Chuene was convicted for Heuer's murder and sought clemency for what he argued was a politically motivated killing. Heuer's wife refused to give her permission to grant Chuene amnesty, arguing that Chuene's act was criminal in motivation rather than political.
298:). Following the EFF's 2023 rally Afriforum stated that the song was, according to testimony from Amanda Platt, sung by the perpetrators during a violent farm attack on Tim and Amanda Platt in KwaZulu-Natal; citing the incident as evidence of the song's literal and violent intent.
313:
opened a case of intimidation. Malema later denied the accusation, citing Judge
Molahlehi's 2022 judgement that the song was to be interpreted within its political context and thus not to be taken literally. Malema also stated that he and the EFF would continue to sing the song.
141:
as 'kill the boer, kill the farmer' are perceiving a "vulgarised" version of the song that "incit conflict" and that the song should instead be interpreted in the context of the struggle against apartheid as referring to a system. Critics of the song such as
181:
in 1985. The song was brought up in testimony during the trail wherein the prosecutor tried to link the defendants to the song and thereby prove malicious intent. The defense was able to rebut the implication that the accused acted with
384:
instead—however, it can be argued to still have the same psychological influence as the original, due to the well-known context for the altered lyrics. The following year, the ANC stated that they would not sing the song any more.
275:, was murdered on his farm. Following these events the Afrikaner civil rights organisation AfriForum opened a case against Malema alleging that his use of the song was a provocation to racial violence and hate speech.
406:
did not literally refer to White or
Afrikaans people; that the song did not incite hatred towards White people generally; and ruled the song was not hate speech. Afriforum appealed the decision and in 2024 the
1236:
378:
In
September 2011, the Equality Court at the South Gauteng High Court ruled that the song was discriminatory, harmful, undermined the dignity of Afrikaners, and thereby constituted hate speech; and that it
1862:
2370:
321:
has issued a notice stating that despite its origins, the crude lyrics could be interpreted as a call for violence and urged to avoid invoking expressions that include violent threats.
3048:
3053:
1104:
2169:
1833:
190:
2691:
1971:
2013:
2586:
2630:
2143:
2363:
209:
80:, have noted the song's ability to increase racial divisions and polarisation whilst strengthening radicals on either side of the country's political spectrum.
2734:
2250:
1262:
3145:
2675:
2455:
2302:
1291:
290:
for singing the song, accusing him of "openly pushing for the genocide of white people in South Africa". Malema subsequently replied on
Twitter stating "
1343:
1292:"Song will tear us apart, again — just the way Malema and AfriForum want Song will tear us apart, again — just the way Malema and AfriForum would like"
3033:
2542:
338:
The song has been the subject of multiple court cases seeking to determine if the song is a form of hate speech, which is not protected speech by the
2194:
1887:
3130:
3028:
2667:
2356:
2117:
1702:"APLA and the Amnesty Committee of the TRC? An Ethical Analysis of the Amnesty Committee of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa"
370:('shoot the boer') amounted to hate speech and was therefore not protected free speech as outlined in section 16 of the South African constitution.
2724:
2550:
1944:
855:
355:
2276:
1509:
1423:
193:
hearings, Ntuthuko Chuene claimed that he killed
Godfrey Frederick Lanz Heuer on his farm in August 1992 because he had been influenced by the "
2846:
2497:
408:
240:
1044:
2851:
278:
At the EFF's 10th anniversary rally in 2023, Malema (now as leader of the EFF) again sang the song to an estimated 90,000 supporters at the
3150:
2624:
1453:
3140:
2712:
2423:
1160:
306:
225:
219:
2962:
2647:
2592:
302:
3135:
3095:
2771:
2642:
167:
1773:
1112:
358:(SAHRC) ruled that the song amounted hate speech in the context of a post-apartheid South Africa that was seeking reconciliation.
2786:
2618:
1799:
57:
3063:
2636:
2487:
1627:
1597:
1317:
239:
The song is controversial in post-apartheid South Africa, where it has experienced a revival, being most notably sung by then
2517:
793:
Thompson, Mabunda M.; Ramhurry, Cindy (7 March 2014). "A uniting song that divides: A critical analysis of (Kill the Boer)".
2049:
1919:
3115:
2428:
111:
2662:
2580:
2492:
2433:
2393:
339:
268:
2224:
829:
3068:
3038:
2955:
2876:
213:
205:
123:
95:
of the eastern Cape frontier in southern Africa who migrated to the rest of what would become South Africa during the
903:
3078:
3008:
2841:
2781:
2532:
2512:
2502:
272:
260:
228:(APLA), the armed wing of the PAC, aimed at violently displacing white farmers to reclaim land for black Africans.
151:
1483:
1135:
3073:
2998:
2729:
2707:
2697:
2482:
2443:
1747:
412:
244:
166:
The song has origins across the South
African anti-apartheid political spectrum and was used by both the ANC and
130:
3125:
3043:
3018:
2806:
2686:
2603:
2507:
2379:
2078:
960:
3058:
2888:
2034:
256:
110:
Depending on the interpretation, the song might alternatively refer to institutional structures such as the
3120:
2831:
2560:
2418:
934:
318:
1564:
3003:
2988:
2796:
2702:
2477:
2398:
1888:"Attackers chant "Kill the Boer, kill the Farmer" before stabbing female victim with spear - AfriForum"
1996:
2948:
402:
Afriforum had failed to establish a causal link between the song and violence; that the reference to
178:
115:
77:
73:
126:
in South Africa during apartheid, white farmers, or to a specific ethnic or racial group generally.
2941:
2821:
2766:
2744:
2472:
2413:
231:
At Mokaba's funeral in 2002 the crowd spontaneously sang the song while ANC leaders were present.
2920:
2894:
1217:
1026:
1018:
810:
310:
1863:"Elon Musk vs Julius Malema: EFF leader accused of inciting genocide with 'Kill the boer' song"
1510:""Dubula ibhunu" (shoot the boer): A psycho-political analysis of farm attacks in South Africa"
1424:""Dubula ibhunu" (shoot the boer): A psycho-political analysis of farm attacks in South Africa"
2993:
2913:
2086:
1834:"'I will sing 'Kill the Boer' as and when I please': Malema responds to struggle song outrage"
1724:
1649:
1619:
1589:
1209:
1010:
343:
326:
1676:"Truth Commission - Special Report - Transcript of episode 57, section 4, starting at: 21:24"
1394:
3023:
2719:
2598:
1716:
1201:
1002:
802:
773:
2026:
1189:
2983:
2869:
2836:
2791:
2752:
2681:
2251:"GROUNDUP: EFF singing of 'Kill the Boer, Kill the Farmer' not hate speech, court rules"
103:
also means 'farmer' in the Afrikaans language and, depending on the context, is often a
2801:
2608:
2522:
134:
49:
32:
1590:"TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION: "KILL THE BOER" SLOGAN LED TO FARM KILLING: TRC"
3109:
2826:
2811:
2613:
2575:
2527:
2408:
1221:
1030:
860:
814:
248:
92:
53:
2323:
2195:"'Afriforum failed to establish causal link between 'Kill the boer' & violence'"
3013:
2170:"Expert witness in hate crime case unpacks use and significance of 'Dubul' ibhunu'"
1237:"There are reasons to worry about 'Kill the Boer', but genocide is not one of them"
201:
155:
2050:"Judge to ignore 'shoot the boer' order for Malema case – The Mail & Guardian"
1006:
330:
reported on a "surge" in attacks on white farmsteads after the EFF sang the song.
2277:"Malema, Economic Freedom Fighters singing 'Kill the Boer' ruled not hate speech"
1701:
1620:"TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION: ANC, IFP MEN AT TRC FOR KWA/NATAL VIOLENCE"
1077:
1045:"Malema, Economic Freedom Fighters singing 'Kill the Boer' ruled not hate speech"
806:
2934:
1945:"Afriforum opposed to 'Kill the Boer' chant at EFF 10th anniversary celebration"
1675:
991:"Song, identity and the state: Julius Malema's "Dubul' ibhunu" song as catalyst"
380:
279:
69:
1540:
Song, Identity and the State: Julius Malema’s ‘Dubul’ Ibhunu’ Song as Catalyst.
1263:"'Kill the Boer' segregates citizens in a time of social and economic distress"
1720:
366:
In March 2010 South Gauteng High Court found that the phrase, spoken or sung,
252:
96:
61:
2090:
1728:
1213:
1205:
1014:
778:
761:
2927:
2816:
2570:
283:
171:
143:
104:
2348:
1369:"Boer - definition of Boer in A Dictionary of South African English - DSAE"
183:
1022:
990:
2403:
2144:"Court sets aside SAHRC decision that exonerated Malema of hate speech"
1539:
1368:
830:"Judge rules that "Kill the boer - Kill the farmer" is not hate speech"
287:
91:, a sub-group of Afrikaners, are the descendants of the Dutch-speaking
2303:"Julius Malema singing 'shoot the boer' is not hate speech, SCA rules"
48:, is a controversial anti-apartheid South African song. It is sung in
2776:
1972:"Malema promises 'kill the boer' chant will remain in his repertoire"
411:
confirmed the High Court's verdict that the song, as sung during the
147:
2118:"SAHRC finds Malema comments referred to commission not hate speech"
150:
believe that the song encourages, and can be partly blamed for, the
1463:. South African Police Service. 31 July 2003. pp. 14, 233, 445
177:
One of the first recorded accounts of dubul' ibhunu was during the
186:
when it was proven that they were not present during its singing.
88:
1565:"'Shoot the Boer' – Hate Speech, Law and the Expediency of Sound"
1454:"SAPS Report of a special committee of inquiry into farm attacks"
1920:"Malema defends the singing of 'Kill the boer, kill the farmer'"
1344:"EFF singing Kill the boer: Every S African should be concerned"
2352:
422:
2014:
Farm attacks in SA surge after EFF sings "Kill the Boer" song
114:(NP), or to specific groups of people such as members of the
72:. Social and political commentators on South Africa, such as
2442:
2079:"South Africa: ANC promises to stop singing Shoot the Boer"
1650:"SAPA - 29 Aug 97 - PAC'S GREAT STORM RETURNS TO HAUNT IT"
267:
after Malema's 2010 singing of the song the leader of the
1800:"South African opposition torn apart over apartheid song"
961:"Mini and the song: The place of protest song in history"
301:
South Africa's official opposition political party, the
204:
sang the song at a 1993 memorial rally for the recently
1395:"Conflict, representation, interpretation - truth lied"
2324:"THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEAL OF SOUTH AFRICA JUDGMENT"
342:
and so is an offence to utter, or if it is a form of
282:. The incident received international coverage with
2976:
2903:
2861:
2760:
2743:
2661:
2558:
2541:
2465:
2454:
2386:
2225:"English translation of Aw Dubul'ibhunu | IOL News"
856:"It's not whites who should fear Malema's rhetoric"
1731:– via Scientific Electronic Library Online.
354:Following a complaint from the Freedom Front the
64:-dominated apartheid government of South Africa.
2692:People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty
2016:, the south african.com. Accessed 8 August 2023.
1748:"'Shoot the boer': It's hate speech, says judge"
1523:: 22 – via University of the Western Cape.
271:(a far-right wing Afrikaner nationalist party),
224:a violent paramilitary campaign launched by the
2587:Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa
2031:Archive and Public Culture Research Initiative
1318:"Editorial | Post-Dubula maturity is required"
259:", is often associated with the phenomenon of
2364:
1105:"ANC OK with Malema singing "shoot the boer""
206:assassinated anti-apartheid leader Chris Hani
8:
2331:Southern African Legal Information Institute
1774:"Hate speech charge laid against Jacob Zuma"
1448:
1446:
1444:
305:, stated it would file a complaint with the
2631:South African Liberal Students' Association
2858:
2462:
2371:
2357:
2349:
1161:"Uproar as judge bars Shoot the Boer song"
777:
2168:Masweneng, Kgaugelo (18 February 2022).
935:"'Shoot the boer': Lost in translation?"
752:
346:that is protected by the constitution.
200:Anti-apartheid activist and politician
2111:
2109:
2107:
1584:
1582:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1484:"'Shoot the Boer' freedom song banned"
1285:
1283:
1136:"'Shoot the Boer' freedom song banned"
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
828:Broughton, By Tania (25 August 2022).
362:2010 South Gauteng High Court decision
241:African National Congress Youth League
152:violent attacks on South African farms
60:when it was first sung to protest the
2219:
2217:
2215:
2072:
2070:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1856:
1854:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1575:(1): 275–301 – via UOW Library.
1558:
1556:
1417:
1415:
1290:Grootes, Stephen (20 February 2022).
1183:
1181:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
959:Msila, Vuyisile (20 September 2011).
928:
926:
924:
397:2022 Johannesburg High Court decision
356:South African Human Rights Commission
243:(ANCLY) leader, later leader of the
31:
7:
2625:People Against Gangsterism and Drugs
1970:Masungwini, Norman (2 August 2023).
3146:Race-related controversies in music
2713:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
2249:Broughton, Tania (25 August 2022).
1918:Ramushwana, Alpha (2 August 2023).
1832:Kgosana, Rorisang (2 August 2023).
1544:Journal of African Cultural Studies
1402:Poetics and Linguistics Association
995:Journal of African Cultural Studies
388:2019 Human Rights Commission ruling
350:2003 Human Rights Commission ruling
307:United Nations Human Rights Council
255:. The song, along with the slogan "
191:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
2648:Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front
2593:Congress of South African Students
2142:Kgosana, Rorisang (14 July 2023).
1997:"ADL Statement on "Kill the Boer""
1482:Mutasa, Haru (13 September 2011).
1393:Robinson, Rensia (6 August 2002).
1261:Jansen, Jonathan (3 August 2023).
1235:Jansen, Jonathan (2 August 2023).
933:Quintal, Genevieve (19 May 2011).
904:"'Kill the Boer': a brief history"
760:Gray, Louise (10 September 2010).
14:
2275:Masson, Eunice (25 August 2022).
1861:Ditabo, Malaika (1 August 2023).
854:Croucamp, Piet (11 August 2023).
251:and then South African President
3090:
3089:
2883:"Dubul' ibhunu" (Shoot the Boer)
2619:Lesbian and Gay Equality Project
2116:Tandwa, Lizeka (27 March 2019).
2077:Smith, David (1 November 2012).
1342:Bailie, Craig (10 August 2023).
226:Azanian People's Liberation Army
105:pejorative term for an Afrikaner
3131:South African political slogans
2637:South African Students Congress
1709:Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae
1628:South African Press Association
1598:South African Press Association
1188:Gray, Louise (September 2010).
1078:"South Africa's songs of power"
902:Brkic, Branko (29 March 2010).
2551:South Africa political parties
2048:Staff Reporter (19 May 2011).
1546:, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 326–41.
195:kill the Boer, kill the farmer
1:
2787:(Don't) touch me on my studio
2643:South African Wine Initiative
2301:Moosa, Tauriq (30 May 2024).
1007:10.1080/13696815.2015.1035701
137:has stated that interpreting
107:when used by non-Afrikaners.
56:. The song originates in the
2735:Unemployed Peoples' Movement
2581:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
807:10.1080/18125980.2014.893091
374:2011 Equality Court decision
269:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
261:farm attacks in South Africa
3151:Anti-white racism in Africa
2963:No Land! No House! No Vote!
2877:No Land! No House! No Vote!
1508:Pretorius, Joelien (2014).
1422:Pretorius, Joelien (2014).
214:democratic election in 1994
3167:
3141:Censorship in South Africa
2027:"Heritage or hate speech?"
340:South African Constitution
58:struggle against apartheid
3087:
2730:Treatment Action Campaign
2708:Landless Peoples Movement
2676:South Africa trade unions
2440:
1700:Lephakga, Tshepo (2018).
245:Economic Freedom Fighters
131:African National Congress
3136:Songs about white people
3049:Political assassinations
2725:Social Justice Coalition
2687:Mandela Park Backyarders
2380:Politics of South Africa
1550:. Accessed 28 Jan. 2024.
1206:10.1177/0306422010379686
779:10.1177/0306422010379686
426:
415:, was not hate speech.
212:to South Africa's first
170:(PAC). It pre-dates the
133:(ANC) secretary-general
2889:One Settler, One Bullet
2281:The Mail & Guardian
2035:University of Cape Town
1721:10.25159/2412-4265/2379
1049:The Mail & Guardian
409:Supreme Court of Appeal
257:One settler, one bullet
168:Pan Africanist Congress
118:(colloquially known as
33:[dəbʊliːbuːnuː]
2847:Anti-Chinese sentiment
2832:White monopoly capital
2698:Poor People's Alliance
2448:
1563:Erlmann, Veit (2020).
1103:SAPA (11 March 2010).
736:the cowards are scared
729:the cowards are scared
652:the cowards are scared
645:the cowards are scared
598:the cowards are scared
591:The cowards are scared
589:
319:Anti-Defamation League
286:criticizing Malema on
3034:Legacies of apartheid
2895:"Each One, Teach One"
2852:Anti-Indian sentiment
2797:Proudly South African
2703:Abahlali baseMjondolo
2478:Afrikaner nationalism
2446:
1538:Gunner, Liz (2015). “
1517:Psychology in Society
1431:Psychology in Society
706:these dogs are raping
699:these dogs are raping
296:You are talking shit"
220:Operation Great Storm
3116:Anti-apartheid songs
3054:Political repression
2949:Long Walk to Freedom
2447:Flag of South Africa
989:Gunner, Liz (2015).
968:www.sahistory.org.za
273:Eugene Terre'Blanche
208:. The period in the
179:Delmas Treason Trial
116:South African Police
3044:Phala Phala robbery
2942:I Write What I Like
2767:African Renaissance
2493:Black consciousness
2473:African nationalism
1754:. 12 September 2011
1680:sabctrc.saha.org.za
1194:Index on Censorship
1115:on 26 December 2013
970:. UNISA. p. 13
766:Index on Censorship
303:Democratic Alliance
2449:
1780:. 24 February 2012
1752:The M&G Online
1654:www.justice.gov.za
1624:www.justice.gov.za
1594:www.justice.gov.za
939:The M&G Online
679:mother leave me be
675:mother leave me be
625:mother leave me be
621:mother leave me be
520:awe mama ndiyekele
516:awe mama ndiyekele
464:awe mama ndiyekele
460:awe mama ndiyekele
324:On 6 August 2023,
311:Freedom Front Plus
16:South African song
3103:
3102:
2994:Cape Independence
2972:
2971:
2914:African Communist
2870:Amandla Ngawethu!
2772:Alternative media
2761:Political culture
2753:South African law
2657:
2656:
2543:Political parties
1600:. 14 October 1999
1190:"Can Music Kill?"
1140:www.aljazeera.com
762:"Can Music Kill?"
744:
743:
492:ayasab 'a magwala
436:ayasab 'a magwala
413:Senekal incidents
327:The South African
36:), translated as
3158:
3093:
3092:
3029:Land occupations
3024:Labour brokering
2956:Molotov Cocktail
2859:
2720:Reclaim the City
2668:Social movements
2599:Earthlife Africa
2498:Environmentalism
2463:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2350:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2328:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
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2298:
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2272:
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2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2221:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2191:
2185:
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2182:
2180:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2139:
2133:
2132:
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2128:
2113:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2074:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2037:. 12 April 2010.
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1915:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1894:. 29 August 2023
1884:
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1873:
1858:
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1844:
1829:
1816:
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1706:
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1661:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1630:. 8 October 1999
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1569:Law Text Culture
1560:
1551:
1536:
1525:
1524:
1514:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1479:
1473:
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1470:
1468:
1458:
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1439:
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1428:
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1410:
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1399:
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1379:
1365:
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1339:
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1330:
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1165:legalbrief.co.za
1157:
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1146:
1131:
1125:
1124:
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1120:
1111:. Archived from
1100:
1094:
1093:
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1074:
1061:
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1058:
1056:
1051:. 25 August 2022
1041:
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790:
784:
783:
781:
757:
580:Ayasab' amagwala
572:Ayasab' amagwala
548:Ziyarapa lezinja
540:Ziyarapa lezinja
484:Ayasab' amagwala
428:Ayasab' amagwala
423:
35:
30:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3126:Political songs
3106:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3083:
3064:Sexual violence
2984:Corrective rape
2968:
2905:
2899:
2857:
2837:Ungovernability
2792:Freedom Charter
2756:
2739:
2682:Equal Education
2666:
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2562:
2554:
2537:
2457:
2450:
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2115:
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2105:
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1995:
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1892:afriforum.co.za
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1806:. 1 August 2023
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568:Aw dubul'ibhunu
567:
565:
564:Aw dubul'ibhunu
563:
561:
560:Aw dubul'ibhunu
559:
557:
556:Aw dubul'ibhunu
555:
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549:
547:
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541:
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536:aw dubul'ibhunu
535:
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532:aw dubul'ibhunu
531:
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528:aw dubul'ibhunu
527:
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524:aw dubul'ibhunu
523:
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512:aw dubul'ibhunu
511:
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508:aw dubul'ibhunu
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504:aw dubul'ibhunu
503:
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500:aw dubul'ibhunu
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480:aw dubul'ibhunu
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476:aw dubul'ibhunu
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472:aw dubul'ibhunu
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468:aw dubul'ibhunu
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456:aw dubul'ibhunu
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452:aw dubul'ibhunu
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364:
352:
336:
334:Legal decisions
292:O bolela masepa
237:
174:protest dance.
164:
86:
78:Stephen Grootes
74:Jonathan Jansen
46:kill the farmer
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3164:
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2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
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2814:
2812:Tenderpreneurs
2809:
2804:
2802:Rainbow nation
2799:
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2779:
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2655:
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2611:
2609:Khanya College
2606:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2556:
2555:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2523:Pan-Africanism
2520:
2518:Libertarianism
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
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2315:
2293:
2267:
2255:Daily Maverick
2241:
2211:
2186:
2160:
2134:
2103:
2066:
2040:
2018:
2006:
1988:
1962:
1951:. 31 July 2023
1936:
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1440:
1411:
1385:
1360:
1348:Daily Maverick
1334:
1308:
1296:Daily Maverick
1279:
1253:
1227:
1177:
1152:
1134:Mutasa, Haru.
1126:
1095:
1062:
1036:
1001:(3): 326–341.
981:
951:
920:
908:Daily Maverick
875:
864:(in Afrikaans)
846:
820:
785:
772:(3): 112–120.
751:
750:
748:
745:
742:
741:
725:shoot the Boer
721:shoot the Boer
717:shoot the Boer
713:shoot the Boer
695:shoot the Boer
691:shoot the Boer
687:shoot the Boer
683:shoot the Boer
671:shoot the Boer
667:shoot the Boer
663:shoot the Boer
659:shoot the Boer
641:shoot the Boer
637:shoot the Boer
633:shoot the Boer
629:shoot the Boer
617:shoot the Boer
613:shoot the Boer
609:shoot the Boer
605:shoot the Boer
587:
462:awe mama iyeah
420:
417:
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372:
363:
360:
351:
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335:
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236:
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135:Gwede Mantashe
112:National Party
85:
84:Interpretation
82:
38:shoot the Boer
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3163:
3152:
3149:
3147:
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3142:
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3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:Protest songs
3119:
3117:
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2827:UnFreedom Day
2825:
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2614:Koeberg Alert
2612:
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2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2594:
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2588:
2585:
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2576:Afrikanerbond
2574:
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2566:
2564:
2563:organisations
2557:
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2528:Non-racialism
2526:
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2429:Northern Cape
2427:
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2409:KwaZulu-Natal
2407:
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2333:. 28 May 2024
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2229:www.iol.co.za
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861:Vrye Weekblad
857:
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834:GroundUp News
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582:Dubula dubula
578:Dubula dubula
574:Dubula dubula
570:dubula dubula
566:dubula dubula
562:dubula dubula
558:dubula dubula
554:dubula dubula
550:dubula dubula
546:dubula dubula
542:dubula dubula
538:dubula dubula
534:dubula dubula
530:dubula dubula
526:dubula dubula
514:dubula dubula
510:dubula dubula
506:dubula dubula
502:dubula dubula
498:dubula dubala
494:dubula dubula
490:dubula dubula
486:dubula dubula
482:dubula dubula
478:dubula dubula
474:dubula dubula
470:dubula dubula
458:dubula dubula
454:dubula dubula
450:dubula dubula
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