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an action. In cases where a defendant is in any type of custodial situation where their freedom is constrained, it is solely the prosecuting entities duty to ensure the provision of such rights and present the citizen before the court with jurisdiction. This also applies where the respective judicial system and/or prosecuting entity has current address or contact information on the named party and said party has made no attempt to evade notice of the prosecution of the action.
1228:, an attorney representing someone filing a bankruptcy petition must engage in due diligence to determine that the representations made in the bankruptcy petition are factually accurate. Due diligence is also generally prerequisite to a request for relief in states where civil litigants are permitted to conduct pre-litigation discovery of facts necessary to determine whether or not a party has a factual basis for a cause of action.
45:
3108:
3122:
853:, where the process is called "reasonable investigation". Under Section 11b3, a person could avoid liability for an untrue statement of a material fact if they had, "after reasonable investigation, reasonable ground to believe and did believe, at the time", the truth of the statement. The defense at Section 11, referred to later in legal usage as the "due diligence" defense, could be used by
1112:
1084:(a government-backed international agreement that provides guidance on responsible business conduct) state that multinational enterprises will "Seek ways to prevent or mitigate adverse human rights impacts that are directly linked to their business operations, products or services by a business relationship, even if they do not contribute to those impacts".
833:. The theory behind due diligence holds that performing this type of investigation contributes significantly to informed decision making by enhancing the amount and quality of information available to decision makers and by ensuring that this information is systematically used to deliberate on the decision at hand and all its costs, benefits, and risks.
123:
861:. In legal and business use, the term was soon used for the process itself instead of how it was to be performed, so that the original expressions such as "exercise due diligence in investigating" and "investigation carried out with due diligence" were soon shortened to "due diligence investigation" and finally "due diligence".
1027:(FCPA) has caused many U.S. institutions to look into how they evaluate all of their relationships overseas. The lack of a due diligence of a company's agents, vendors, and suppliers, as well as merger and acquisition partners in foreign countries could lead to doing business with an organization linked to a
1239:. Frequently, a statute of limitations begins to run against a plaintiff when that plaintiff knew or should have known had that plaintiff investigated the matter with due diligence that the plaintiff had a claim against a defendant. In this context, the term "due diligence" determines the scope of a party's
1063:
requires companies using an "adequate procedures" defence to a charge of bribery to have undertaken due diligence on their business partners. Due diligence is described as "knowing exactly who you are dealing with". Official guidance suggests that "ask a few questions and do a few checks" can help to
1043:
or illicit activities linked to corruption. This process will be performed indefinitely as long as a relationship exists, and usually involves comparing the companies and executives to a database of foreign officials. This process should be performed on all relationships regardless of location and is
993:
emerging as an area of concern for business acquirers. Risk is a key factor in determining 'duty of care'. Regulations require 'reasonable security' in cybersecurity programs, and litigators examine whether 'due care' was practiced. Due diligence findings impact a number of aspects of the transaction
984:
The relevant areas of concern may include the financial, legal, labor, tax, IT, environment and market/commercial situation of the company. Other areas include intellectual property, real and personal property, insurance and liability coverage, debt instrument review, employee benefits (including the
1287:
businesses may be able to defend a charge of non-compliance with regulations if they can show that they have undertaken supplier due diligence to a necessary standard. References to "due diligence" and the maintenance of a "due diligence system" in the regulation concerning timber are drawn from the
1277:
In criminal law, "due diligence" also identifies the standard a prosecuting entity must satisfy in pursuing an action against a defendant, especially with regard to the provision of the
Federal and State Constitutional and statutory right to a speedy trial or to have a warrant or detainer served in
872:
The broker-dealer community quickly institutionalized, as a standard practice, the conducting of due diligence investigations of any stock offerings in which they involved themselves. Originally the term was limited to public offerings of equity investments, but over time it has become associated
1231:
In civil actions seeking a foreclosure or seizure of property, a party requesting this relief is frequently required to engage in due diligence to determine who may claim an interest in the property by reviewing public records concerning the property and sometimes by a physical inspection of the
1286:
In the United
Kingdom, "proper use of a due diligence system" may be used as a defence against a charge of breach of regulations: for example, under the Timber and Timber Products (Placing on the Market) Regulations 2013 and the Environmental Protection (Microbeads) (England) Regulations 2017,
1076:
member countries agreed to revise their guidelines promoting tougher standards of corporate behavior, including human rights. As part of this new definition, they utilized a new aspect of due diligence that requires a corporation to investigate third party partners for potential abuse of human
1267:). Once the criminal offence is proven, the defendant must prove on balance that they did everything possible to prevent the act from happening. It is not enough that they took the normal standard of care in their industry – they must show that they took every reasonable precaution.
1031:
or state owned enterprises and their executives. This link could be perceived as leading to the bribing of the foreign officials and as a result lead to noncompliance with the FCPA. Due diligence in regard to FCPA compliance is required in two aspects:
1052:
In the M&A context, buyers can use the due diligence phase to integrate a target into their internal FCPA controls, focusing initial efforts on necessary revisions to the target's business activities with a high-risk of corruption.
905:
normally by a buyer. (This can include self due diligence or "reverse due diligence", i.e. an assessment of a company, usually by a third party on behalf of the company, prior to taking the company to market.)
868:
they were selling, and as long as they disclosed to the investor what they found, they would not be found liable for non-disclosure of information that was not discovered in the process of that investigation.
1056:
While financial institutions are among the most aggressive in defining FCPA best practices, manufacturing, retailing and energy industries are highly active in managing FCPA compliance programs.
1036:
Initial due diligence – this step is necessary in evaluating what risk is involved in doing business with an entity prior to establishing a relationship and assesses risk at that point in time.
966:
It is essential that the concepts of valuations (shareholder value analysis) be considered in a due diligence process. This is in order to reduce the number of failed mergers and acquisitions.
1615:
841:
The term "due diligence" can be read as "required carefulness" or "reasonable care" in general usage, and has been used in the literal sense of "requisite effort" since at least the mid-
1797:
1561:
1039:
Ongoing due diligence – this is the process of periodically evaluating each relationship overseas to find links between current business relationships overseas and ties to a
1675:
1576:
1220:
are requested. For example, duly diligent efforts to locate and/or serve a party with civil process is frequently a requirement for a party seeking to use means other than
1869:"Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises, John Ruggie"
1243:, upon receiving notice of facts sufficient to constitute "inquiry notice" that alerts a would-be plaintiff that further investigation might reveal a cause of action.
672:
1714:
829:
against legal action. A common example of due diligence is the process through which a potential acquirer evaluates a target company or its assets in advance of a
630:
55:
1098:
The UN formalized guidelines for Human Rights Due
Diligence on June 16, 2011, with the endorsement of Ruggie's Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights.
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1081:
388:
3089:
585:
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is the investigation or exercise of care that a reasonable business or person is normally expected to take before entering into an agreement or
1091:, who used it as an umbrella to cover the steps and processes by which a company understands, monitors and mitigates its human rights impacts.
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1465:
1005:
Due
Diligence has emerged as a separate profession for accounting and auditing experts and is typically referred to as Transaction Services.
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298:
973:
the
Compatibility Audit which deals with the strategic components of the transaction and in particular the need to add shareholder value and
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477:
421:
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359:
1813:
1270:
Due diligence is also used in criminal law to describe the scope of the duty of a prosecutor, to take efforts to turn over potentially
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An examination being achieved by asking certain key questions, including, how do we buy, how do we structure an acquisition, and
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404:
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2431:
2332:
1087:
The term 'due diligence' was originally put forward in this context by UN Special
Representative for Human Rights and Business
1291:'s Regulation 995/2010, which covers the legal obligations of "operators who place timber and timber products on the market".
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2225:
1852:
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1137:
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989:) and labor matters, immigration, and international transactions. Areas of focus in due diligence continue to develop with
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1156:
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864:
As long as broker-dealers exercised "due diligence" (required carefulness) in their investigation into the company whose
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31:
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Due diligence in civil procedure is the idea that reasonable investigation is necessary before certain kinds of
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when accused of inadequate disclosure to investors of material information with respect to the purchase of
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In this regard, two new audit areas have been incorporated into the Due
Diligence framework:
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property that would reveal a possible interest in the property of a tenant or other person.
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1534:
Kroener, P. H.; Kroener, M. H. (1991). "Towards more successful
Mergers and Acquisitions".
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2014:
2004:
1494:
Harvey, M. G.; Lusch, R. F. (1995). "Expanding the Nature and Scope of Due
Diligence".
1288:
1774:
825:, but the term more commonly applies to voluntary investigations. It may also offer a
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114:
976:
the
Reconciliation audit, which links/consolidates other audit areas together via a
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1905:
Timber and Timber Products (Placing on the Market) Regulations 2013, SI 233/2013
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2056:
1916:
Environmental Protection (Microbeads) (England) Regulations 2017, SI 1312/2017
1260:
1225:
858:
846:
768:
534:
484:
17:
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1306:
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to obtain jurisdiction over a party. Similarly, in areas of the law such as
1235:
Due diligence is also a concept found in the civil litigation concept of a
3068:
3053:
2756:
2641:
2438:
1982:
1264:
995:
811:
740:
1616:"M&A Transactions: Affordable Care Act Due Diligence Considerations"
1255:, due diligence is the only available defense to a crime that is one of
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1356:
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2159:
1023:
With the number and size of penalties increasing, the United States'
122:
27:
Standard of care before entering into a contract with another party
2999:
2943:
2849:
2690:
2493:
1992:
1577:"The Oft-Overlooked Importance of Air Emission Credits in M&A"
1376:
Hoskisson, Robert E.; Hitt, Michael A.; Ireland, R. Duane (2004).
1798:"Tackling Corruption and Regulatory Risk in M&A Transactions"
1752:
929:
A due diligence process can be divided into nine distinct areas:
2881:
2829:
2685:
2083:
1999:
1073:
1926:
1064:
protect an organisation from taking on untrustworthy partners.
908:
A reasonable investigation focusing on material future matters.
894:
The examination of a potential target for merger, acquisition,
1953:
1105:
921:
An examination aiming to make an acquisition decision via the
918:
An investigation of current practices of process and policies.
890:
Due diligence takes different forms depending on its purpose:
381:
Charitable incorporated organisation (England and Wales)
38:
54:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1652:
Gary M. Lawrence, Due Diligence in Business Transactions, (
849:
and later a common business term due to the United States'
1380:. Mason, OH: South-Western/Thomson Learning. p. 251.
980:
in order to test whether shareholder value will be added.
63:
1922:
1676:"Avoiding IP Business Risks in Corporate Transactions"
1713:
Cunard, Jeffrey; Pastore, James; Ford, Christopher.
3077:
2967:
2790:
2699:
2590:
2469:
2371:
2092:
1960:
1771:"FCPA Definition - Foreign Corrupt Practices Act"
1560:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1458:Due Diligence, a Strategic and Financial Approach
998:negotiated in the transaction agreement, and the
1796:Brooks, Robin; Stacey, Oliver; Jarman, Daniel.
1715:"Cybersecurity: Evaluating Transactional Risk"
1536:International Journal of Technology Management
389:Scottish charitable incorporated organisation
1938:
1321:Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol
1082:OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises
788:
52:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
814:with another party or an act with a certain
1892:Hawaii Revised Statues 353-66.5 and 604-7.2
1140:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
886:Business transactions and corporate finance
1945:
1931:
1923:
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781:
305:
101:
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1523:
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1519:
1517:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1204:Learn how and when to remove this message
90:Learn how and when to remove this message
3090:History of the American legal profession
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1839:The Bribery Act 2010: Quick Start Guide
1437:Section 11(b)(3), accessed 11 July 2023
1368:
526:
451:
370:
308:
113:
1553:
490:Limited liability limited partnership
405:Industrial and provident society
1753:"Duty of Care Risk Analysis Standard"
1575:Scott Feeley, Michael; Potash, Aron.
1422:'Due Diligence' Merriam-Webster entry
1259:(i.e., a crime that only requires an
587:Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung
7:
1460:(2nd ed.). Durban: LexisNexis.
1274:, to (accused) criminal defendants.
1138:adding citations to reliable sources
994:including the purchase price, the
25:
2074:Restitution and unjust enrichment
3121:
3120:
3106:
1110:
632:Société à responsabilité limitée
121:
43:
3085:History of the legal profession
925:and shareholder value analysis.
873:with investigations of private
1550:(inactive September 12, 2024).
1093:Human Rights Impact Assessment
996:representations and warranties
1:
1496:Journal of Business Venturing
1025:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
1015:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
1508:10.1016/0883-9026(94)00020-U
1072:Passed on May 25, 2011, the
514:Massachusetts business trust
1841:, accessed 24 December 2023
1059:In the United Kingdom, the
701:Piercing the corporate veil
397:Community interest company
372:UK / Ireland / Commonwealth
360:Economic interest grouping
66:, discuss the issue on the
3204:
3168:American legal terminology
2752:International legal theory
2231:International slavery laws
2226:International human rights
2221:International criminal law
1855:September 4, 2011, at the
1656:1994, updated as needed).
1012:
958:Information systems audit.
946:Legal/environmental audit.
845:. It became a specialized
470:Limited liability company
32:Diligence (disambiguation)
29:
3100:
2805:Administration of justice
1346:Operational due diligence
1002:provided by the sellers.
681:Internal affairs doctrine
676:and estoppel corporations
3188:Mergers and acquisitions
2582:Basic structure doctrine
2432:Natural and legal rights
2313:Public international law
1548:10.1504/IJTM.1991.025872
1407:Practicing Law Institute
1403:Conducting Due Diligence
1341:Non-disclosure agreement
1331:Management due diligence
1095:is a component of this.
943:Macro-environment audit.
875:mergers and acquisitions
105:This article is part of
2762:Principle of typicality
2236:International trade law
1401:Chapman, C. E. (2006).
1378:Competing for Advantage
923:principles of valuation
837:Development of the term
821:Due diligence can be a
351:Societas unius personae
213:General corporate forms
1874:. Human Rights Council
1456:Gillman, Luis (2010).
1435:Securities Act of 1933
1241:constructive knowledge
1237:statute of limitations
1044:often part of a wider
851:Securities Act of 1933
663:Business judgment rule
2757:Principle of legality
2516:Delegated legislation
2216:Intellectual property
1282:Due diligence defence
961:Reconciliation audit.
831:merger or acquisition
607:Naamloze vennootschap
597:Kabushiki gaisha
414:Limited company
2975:Barristers' chambers
2917:Legal representation
2855:Justice of the peace
2201:Financial regulation
1802:Transaction Advisors
1733:on December 23, 2017
1719:Transaction Advisors
1694:on December 22, 2017
1680:Transaction Advisors
1674:Tanenbaum, William.
1634:on December 23, 2017
1620:Transaction Advisors
1581:Transaction Advisors
1326:Integrity management
1302:Bias ratio (finance)
1272:exculpatory evidence
1134:improve this section
1046:Integrity Management
934:Compatibility audit.
731:Beneficial ownership
668:Corporate governance
504:Delaware corporation
331:Societas cooperativa
72:create a new article
64:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
3010:Election commission
2722:Expressive function
2251:Landlord–tenant law
2150:Consumer protection
1835:Ministry of Justice
1816:on October 18, 2015
1786:WorldCompliance.com
987:Affordable Care Act
903:finance transaction
877:(M&A) as well.
746:Corporate registers
706:Rochdale Principles
460:Benefit corporation
286:Sole proprietorship
2968:Legal institutions
2835:Lawsuit/Litigation
2825:Dispute resolution
2630:Catholic canon law
2338:State of emergency
2301:Will and testament
2025:Law of obligations
1978:Constitutional law
1968:Administrative law
1777:on August 30, 2010
1595:on January 5, 2019
913:how much do we pay
547:Aktiengesellschaft
519:Nevada corporation
3163:Corporate finance
3150:
3149:
2810:Constitutionalism
2732:Law and economics
2570:Act of parliament
2308:Product liability
2261:Legal archaeology
2186:Environmental law
2180:Entertainment law
2020:International law
1662:978-1-58852-066-1
1654:Law Journal Press
1467:978-0-409-04699-1
1311:Virtual data room
1214:
1213:
1206:
1188:
955:Management audit.
952:Production audit.
843:fifteenth century
805:
804:
686:Limited liability
648:
647:
557:Ansvarlig selskap
444:Unlimited company
281:Shelf corporation
276:Shell corporation
264:Limited liability
100:
99:
92:
74:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
3195:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3111:
3110:
2934:Question of fact
2815:Criminal justice
2145:Construction law
2140:Conflict of laws
2105:Agricultural law
1947:
1940:
1933:
1924:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1902:
1893:
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1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1873:
1865:
1859:
1848:
1842:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1812:. Archived from
1793:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1773:. Archived from
1767:
1761:
1760:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1729:. Archived from
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1690:. Archived from
1671:
1665:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1630:. Archived from
1614:Truax, Margret.
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1591:. Archived from
1572:
1566:
1565:
1559:
1551:
1531:
1512:
1511:
1491:
1472:
1471:
1453:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1373:
1352:Standard of care
1257:strict liability
1222:personal service
1209:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1146:
1114:
1106:
1102:Civil litigation
1061:Bribery Act 2010
1041:foreign official
1029:foreign official
1019:Bribery Act 2010
978:formal valuation
949:Marketing audit.
823:legal obligation
816:standard of care
797:
790:
783:
751:Registered agent
696:Drag-along right
636:
621:
611:
601:
591:
581:
571:
561:
551:
541:
510:
493:
473:
417:
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363:
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345:
341:Societas privata
335:
325:
306:
125:
102:
95:
88:
84:
81:
75:
47:
46:
39:
21:
3203:
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3192:
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3146:
3119:
3105:
3096:
3073:
3064:Political party
3037:Legal education
3025:Law enforcement
3005:Court of equity
2963:
2939:Question of law
2892:Practice of law
2872:Judicial review
2786:
2737:Legal formalism
2717:Comparative law
2712:Contract theory
2695:
2615:Legal pluralism
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2135:Competition law
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1013:Main articles:
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1000:indemnification
964:
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691:Tag-along right
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1961:Core subjects
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1119:This section
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991:cybersecurity
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808:Due diligence
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725:Related areas
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2395:Constitution
2363:Women in law
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2170:Election law
2110:Aviation law
2100:Abortion law
2052:Property law
1988:Criminal law
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2772:Rule of law
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2511:Legislation
2461:Regulations
2449:Law reports
2427:Natural law
2323:Reparations
2318:Refugee law
2241:Jurimetrics
2182:(Media law)
2120:Banking law
2115:Amnesty law
2093:Disciplines
2030:Private law
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1336:Model audit
1089:John Ruggie
1048:initiative.
1009:Legislation
712:Ultra vires
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2647:Jewish law
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2521:Regulation
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2386:Legal code
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2256:Law of war
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2175:Energy law
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2062:Punishment
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1781:2010-01-07
1364:References
1261:actus reus
1226:bankruptcy
1164:newspapers
859:securities
847:legal term
769:Law portal
617:Osakeyhtiö
536:Aktiebolag
485:Series LLC
3020:Judiciary
3015:Executive
2990:The bench
2927:Solicitor
2902:Barrister
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2767:Pseudolaw
2707:Anarchist
2664:Roman law
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2625:Canon law
2600:Civil law
2553:Concordat
2444:Precedent
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2328:Space law
2165:Drugs law
2035:Procedure
1973:Civil law
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1628:2329-9134
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1307:Data room
1194:July 2023
1121:does not
900:corporate
657:Doctrines
427:by shares
143:Australia
68:talk page
3127:Category
3069:Tribunal
3054:Military
2897:Attorney
2867:Judgment
2727:Feminist
2642:Jain law
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2067:Corporal
2045:Criminal
2015:Evidence
2005:Doctrine
1983:Contract
1853:Archived
1820:July 21,
1737:July 21,
1698:July 23,
1599:July 21,
1295:See also
1265:mens rea
1077:rights.
881:Examples
812:contract
741:Contract
674:De facto
506: /
320:Societas
138:Anguilla
107:a series
62:You may
3141:Outline
3078:History
2985:The bar
2959:Verdict
2907:Counsel
2887:Justice
2742:History
2565:Statute
2381:Charter
2343:Tax law
2291:Probate
1878:May 21,
1759:. 2022.
1638:May 23,
1357:Vetting
1263:and no
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183:Vietnam
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3000:Court
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