3807:"A French lawyer and a schoolteacher fought a duel today in a meadow near Paris. Roger Nordmann the schoolteacher was reportedly pricked by the lawyer Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour's sword and the duel ended with everyone's honor intact. The feud started three weeks ago when Tixier-Vignancour challenged Nordmann to a duel with pistols after he said Nordmann insulted him during a treason trial; Nordmann accepted the challenge but said he had never fired anything more potent than a water pistol. He then chose two of his prettiest girl students, as seconds. The lawyer objected on the grounds that a second must be ready to take his principal's place and he could not lift his hand against a woman. The weapons and the seconds were properly arranged after weeks of negotiations. The duelists went into hiding from newspapermen and police, since dueling is illegal. Only their seconds knew the time and place of combat."
1271:
Grounds for refusing the challenge could include that it was frivolous, or that the challenger was not generally recognized as a "gentleman" since dueling was limited to persons of equal social status. However, care had to be taken before declining a challenge, as it could result in accusations of cowardice or be perceived as an insult to the challenger's seconds if it was implied that they were acting on behalf of someone of low social standing. Participation in a duel could be honorably refused on account of a major difference in age between the parties and, to a lesser extent, in cases of social inferiority on the part of the challenger. Such inferiority had to be immediately obvious, however. As author
2288:
1776:
242:
2183:, and it was the only legal manner in which "murder" could be committed. After fixing a day for the duel and getting permission from the king or minister, the duellists would arrive at the appointed field "with great pleasure". Duelists would wear no armor and were bare from the waist up. From the waist down they wore cotton cloth tightly round with many folds. The weapons used for dueling were swords, shields and daggers which the king would appoint them of equal length. Judges decided what rewards would be given to duelists; the winner may even acquire the loser's estate.
1922:
1291:
considered as satisfying honor. In pistol duels, the number of shots to be permitted and the range were set out. Care was taken by the seconds to ensure the ground chosen gave no unfair advantage to either party. A doctor or surgeon was usually arranged to be on hand. Other things often arranged by the seconds could go into minute details that might seem odd in the modern world, such as the dress code (duels were often formal affairs), the number and names of any other witnesses to be present and whether or not refreshments would be served.
1410:("at pleasure"); it did not have a set shooting distance. The two duelists began some distance apart. Between them there were two lines on the ground separated by an agreed distance – this constituted the barrier and they were forbidden to cross it. After the signal to begin, they could advance towards the barrier to close the distance and were permitted to fire at any time. However, the one that shot first was required to stand still and allow his opponent to walk right up to his barrier line and fire back at leisure.
2195:
death, and usually ended once first blood has been drawn. However, the victor was still expected to behead the loser. Either before the duel or before the beheading, the fighters would share the meals and wine prepared by their wives. If it had been so requested beforehand, the loser's body may be cremated. Heads were taken as trophies, as was custom among the headhunters of northeast India. Various taboos existed such as not killing an opponent who runs, begs or cries out of fear, or anyone who pleads for protection.
1933:
97:
523:
2267:. The challenger stands with a loosened sarong around him and respectfully invites the other man to step into the sarong. The sarong itself is kept taut around both their waists. When both men are inside, an agreement to fight til death and thereafter shall be no hereditary grudge nor will any party be allowed to question the duel, shall be made. If both fighters agree, they then engage each other within the confined space of a single sarong. Unlike the more typical
257:
300:. In medieval society, judicial duels were fought by knights and squires to end various disputes. Countries such as France, Germany, England, and Ireland practiced this tradition. Judicial combat took two forms in medieval society, the feat of arms and chivalric combat. The feat of arms was used to settle hostilities between two large parties and supervised by a judge. The battle was fought as a result of a slight or challenge to one party's
1867:. After the turn of the 19th century, when repeating handguns became more widely available, use of the facón as a close-combat weapon declined. Among the gauchos, many continued to wear the knife, though mostly as a tool. However, it was occasionally still used to settle arguments "of honor". In these situations two adversaries would attack with slashing attacks to the face, stopping when one could no longer see clearly through the blood.
670:
1373:
230:
1162:
1035:, but was also widely seen as an anachronism. Military establishments in most countries frowned on dueling because officers were the main contestants. Officers were often trained at military academies at government expense; when officers killed or disabled one another it imposed an unnecessary financial and leadership strain on a military organization, making dueling unpopular with high-ranking officers.
7049:
2149:, literally meaning "combat charity". According to this practice when a warrior felt he did not have much time to live, he would go along with a few attendants and ask another king for a duel or a small scale battle. In this way he chooses his own time and manner of death and is assured that he will die fighting. Duels to the death were legal in some periods, and punishable by execution in others.
762:
7059:
5541:
391:
43:
1214:, duels had become rare even in France, and those that still occurred were covered in the press as eccentricities. Duels in France in this period, while still taken seriously as a matter of honor, were not fought to the death. They consisted of fencing with the épée mostly in a fixed distance with the aim of drawing blood from the opponent's arm.
3428:
2218:. These duels were conducted in order to settle disputes between nobles, chieftains or rulers. Each side used to engage warriors to fight for them in combat at a fixed location and time. Both nobles would be represented by a Chekavar. These duels were usually fought to death, and the ruler whose Chekavar survived was considered as the winner.
599:, but generally the courts were very lax in applying the law, as they were sympathetic to the culture of honor. Despite being a criminal act, military officers in many countries could be punished if they failed to fight a duel when the occasion called for it. In 1814, a British officer was court-martialed,
1306:
The chief criteria for choosing the field of honor were isolation, to avoid discovery and interruption by the authorities; and jurisdictional ambiguity, to avoid legal consequences. Islands in rivers dividing two jurisdictions were popular dueling sites; the cliffs below
Weehawken on the Hudson River
1278:
Once a challenge was accepted, if not done already, both parties (known as "principals") would appoint trusted representatives to act as their seconds with no further direct communication between the principals being allowed until the dispute was settled. The seconds had a number of responsibilities,
2194:
which details the ethics of dueling. When a fighter was challenged, the day for the bout would be fixed to allow for time to prepare the weapons. Allowing the opponent the first chance to fire an arrow or hurl a spear was considered particularly courageous. The duel itself was not necessarily to the
1750:
in the 19th century, there was a practice of formalized fighting between men over points of honor. Knives were the weapons used in such fights. They would begin with an exchange of sexually related insults in a public place such as a tavern, and the men would fight with the intention of slashing the
304:
which could not be resolved by a court. Weapons were standardized and typical of a knight's armoury, for example longswords, polearms etc.; however, weapon quality and augmentations were at the discretion of the knight, for example, a spiked hand guard or an extra grip for half-swording. The parties
2367:
Duels with the bolo knife were prominent in North and
Central Philippines, common in farmlands where the machete-like bolo is commonly used as a domestic tool. A duel reported internationally occurred on 14 April 1920 by Prescott Journal Miner which was known as "The First Bolo Duel in Manila since
1948:
Fight, as aforesaid and upon
Conviction thereof suffer the Pains of Death, as is by Law provided for wilful Murder, the Body of such Person, shall not be allowed Christian Burial, but be buried without a Coffin, with a Stake driven Through the Body, at or near the Place of Execution, as aforesaid."
1524:
Dueling, however, continued to spread out from the court, notably into the army. In the mid-17th century it was for a time checked by the activities of the
Parliamentarians whose Articles of War specified the death penalty for would-be duelists. Nevertheless, dueling survived and increased markedly
1343:
In the case of pistol duels, each party would fire one shot. If neither man was hit and if the challenger stated that he was satisfied, the duel would be declared over. If the challenger was not satisfied, a pistol duel could continue until one man was wounded or killed, but to have more than three
1315:
For some time before the mid-18th century, swordsmen dueling at dawn often carried lanterns to see each other. This happened so regularly that fencing manuals integrated lanterns into their lessons. An example of this is using the lantern to parry blows and blind the opponent. The manuals sometimes
1311:
occurred were a popular field of honor for New York duelists because of the uncertainty of whether New York or New Jersey had jurisdiction. Duels traditionally took place at dawn, when the poor light would make the participants less likely to be seen, and to force an interval for reconsideration or
925:
killed John D'Esterre in a duel in
February 1815. O'Connel offered D'Esterre's widow a pension equal to the amount her husband had been earning at the time, but the Corporation of Dublin, of which D'Esterre had been a member, rejected O'Connell's offer and voted the promised sum to D'Esterre's wife
1947:
As early as 1728, some US states began to restrict or prohibit the practice. The penalty established upon conviction of killing another person in a duel in the
Massachusetts Bay Colony in its 1728 law to punish and prevent dueling stated "In Case any Person shall slay or kill any other in Duel or
1290:
It was the job of the seconds to make all of the arrangements in advance, including how long the duel would last and what conditions would end the duel. Often sword duels were only fought until blood was drawn, thus severely limiting the likelihood of death or grave injury since a scratch could be
591:
were crafted for the wealthiest of noblemen for this purpose. Also, the office of 'second' developed into 'seconds' or 'friends' being chosen by the aggrieved parties to conduct their honor dispute. These friends would attempt to resolve a dispute upon terms acceptable to both parties and, should
1363:
Practices varied, however, but unless the challenger was of a higher social standing, such as a baron or prince challenging a knight, the person being challenged was allowed to decide the time and weapons used in the duel. The offended party could stop the duel at any time if he deemed his honor
1983:
hog drivers. Second, because of this congruence between upper and lower concepts of honor, dueling was not at all undemocratic. It enabled lesser men to enter, however imperfectly, the ranks of leaders, and allowed followers to manipulate leaders to their taste. Third, the promise of esteem and
1282:
In the event that the seconds failed to persuade their principals to avoid a fight, they then attempted to agree on terms for the duel that would limit the chance of a fatal outcome, consistent with the generally accepted guidelines for affairs of honor. The exact rules or etiquette for dueling
1766:
In Poland, duels have been known since the Middle Ages. The best known Polish code was written as late as 1919 by Władysław
Boziewicz. At this time duels were already forbidden in Poland, but the "Polish Honorary Code" was quite widely in use. Punishments for participation in duels were rather
1388:
There were various methods of pistol dueling. The mode where the two duelists stood back-to-back, walked away from each other for a set number of paces before turning and firing was known as the "French" method. Another method required the duelists to stand still at an agreed distance and fire
1270:
Usually, challenges were delivered in writing by one or more close friends who acted as "seconds". The challenge, written in formal language, laid out the real or imagined grievances and a demand for satisfaction. The challenged party then had the choice of accepting or refusing the challenge.
1266:
The traditional situation that led to a duel often happened after a perceived offense, whether real or imagined, when one party would demand satisfaction from the offender. The demand was commonly symbolized by an inescapably insulting gesture, such as throwing a glove to the ground before the
1015:
was known to have been the centre of at least two duels near the time of the gold rush. One involved a
British arrival by the name of George Sloane, and an American, John Liverpool, both arriving via San Francisco in 1858. In a duel by pistols, Sloane was fatally injured and Liverpool shortly
4866:
They met early the following morning, May 22, at the race track in Verdun. Pistols were raised, but only
Sweeney fired. Warde fell, mortally wounded. A farmer witnessing the affair passed a sobbing Sweeney and said, 'You have had a bad beginning to the day.' It was the last fatal duel in
3861:
2008:
By 1859, 18 states had outlawed dueling outright, and with few exceptions, traditional dueling using seconds and formal rules of conduct had largely died out in the US by the 1870s. In 1891, Kentucky passed a law that anyone sworn into any statewide or county office or judgeship in
1811:. For instance, an infantry captain could not challenge a major but could easily pick on a Titular Counsellor. On the other hand, a higher ranked person could not stoop to challenge lower ranks; so, it was up to his subordinates or servants to take revenge on their master's behalf.
2376:. Geronimo Álvarez and Jesús Guerrero were drinking and at the height of their arguing Álvarez allegedly pulled out his bolo and hacked Guerrero. Guerrero also pulled his bolo and repeatedly hacked Álvarez, and their relatives immediately intervened and rushed them to hospital.
305:
involved would wear their own armour; for example, one knight wearing full plate might face another wearing chain mail. The duel lasted until one party could no longer fight back. In early cases, the defeated party was then executed. This type of duel soon evolved into the more
1549:). Dueling was also popular for a time among doctors and, in particular, in the legal professions. Quantifying the number of duels in Britain is difficult, but there are about 1,000 attested between 1785 and 1845 with fatality rates at least 15% and probably somewhat higher.
1146:
was one of the few places where duels were fully legal. During that period, a duel was legal in cases where "an honor tribunal of three respectable citizens, one chosen by each side and the third chosen by the other two, had ruled that sufficient cause for a duel existed".
1279:
of which the first was to do all in their power to avert bloodshed provided their principal's honor was not compromised. This could involve back and forth correspondence about a mutually agreeable lesser course of action, such as a formal apology for the alleged offense.
2368:
the
American Occupation". It happened when Ángel Umali and Tranquilino Paglinawan met with friends in a vacant lot near the city centre before dusk to settle a feud; Paglinawan lost his left hand. With no law against bolo fights, Umali was charged for a petty crime.
2072:, attempted to prevent these so-called duels by prohibiting civilians from carrying firearms by local ordinance, with little success. Instead, conflicts were increasingly resolved by the formation of organized law enforcement and the institution of judicial process.
2158:
tell that duels took place under strict rules of conduct, and to violate them was both shameful and sinful. According to these rules, it was forbidden to injure or kill an opponent who has lost their weapon, who surrenders, or who has been knocked unconscious. The
1364:
satisfied. In some duels, the seconds would take the place of the primary duelist if the primary was not able to finish the duel. This was usually done in duels with swords, where one's expertise was sometimes limited. The second would also act as a witness.
1016:
returned to the US. The fight originally started on board the ship over a young woman, Miss Bradford, and then carried on later in Victoria's tent city. Another duel, involving a Mr. Muir, took place around 1861, but was moved to a US island near Victoria.
2165:
tells that if a warrior's topknot comes loose during a duel, the opponent must give him time to bind his hair before continuing. Both duelists are required to wield the same weapon, and specific rules may have existed for each weapon. For example, the
990:
published his own examination of arguments in favour of duelling alongside an account of the trial, taken in shorthand. Other duels have been fought in Scotland mostly between soldiers or the gentry with several subsequently brought to the law courts.
1252:
laws, which allow disputes to be settled via consensual unarmed combat, which are essentially unarmed duels, though it may still be illegal for such fights to result in grievous bodily harm or death. Few if any modern jurisdictions allow armed duels.
1544:
By the 1780s, the values of the duel had spread into the broader and emerging society of gentlemen. Research shows that much the largest group of later duelists were military officers, followed by the young sons of the metropolitan elite (see Banks,
908:
was mortally wounded in a duel at the age of twenty, cutting short his promising mathematical career. He spent the night before the duel writing mathematics; the inclusion of a note claiming that he did not have time to finish a proof spawned the
1138:
until the late 1970s, formerly had prohibitions on dueling in their state constitutions, but later repealed them, whereas others, such as Iowa, constitutionally prohibited known duelers from holding political office until the early 1990s.
1943:
European styles of dueling established themselves in the colonies of European states in North America. Duels were to challenge someone over a woman or to defend one's honor. In the US, dueling tended to arise over political differences.
2096:. That incident is believed by some to have been the last fatal duel fought in Canada; it was certainly the last in what is now Ontario. However, several reliable sources state that the last fatal duel in what is now Canada occurred in
1992:
However, as the 19th century progressed, the American definition of 'dueling' had clearly degenerated from an inherited European social custom using seconds and set rules of conduct. Instead, the term was increasingly used to describe
167:. Duels were fought not to kill the opponent but to gain "satisfaction", that is, to restore one's honor by demonstrating a willingness to risk one's life for it. As such, the tradition of dueling was reserved for the male members of
1894:, in a formal duel fought with pistols. In 1990 another editor was challenged to a duel by an assistant police chief. Although not forbidden by the government, the duel did not take place. Dueling was once again prohibited in 1992.
1389:
simultaneously on a signal – this was the type of duel favored in Britain. A variant of this required the duelists to take turns to shoot, with the challenger shooting first or the right of first shot being decided by a coin toss.
731:
had severely degenerated from its original 18th-century definition as a formal social custom among the wealthy classes, using fixed rules of conduct. Instead, 'dueling' was used by the contemporary press of the day to refer to any
926:
themselves. However, D'Esterre's wife consented to accept an allowance for her daughter, which O'Connell regularly paid for more than thirty years until his death. The memory of the duel haunted him for the remainder of his life.
1529:. Among the difficulties of anti-dueling campaigners was that although monarchs uniformly proclaimed their general hostility to dueling, they were nevertheless very reluctant to see their own favorites punished. In 1712 both the
665:
in 1852; the former was killed. In both cases, the winners of the duels, Hawkey and Barthélemy, were tried for murder. But Hawkey was acquitted and Barthélemy was convicted only of manslaughter; he served seven months in prison.
1591:—Example: A. tells B. he is impertinent, &C.; B. retorts, that he lies; yet A. must make the first apology, because he gave the first offence, and then, (after one fire,) B. may explain away the retort by subsequent apology.
4555:
ACTS and LAWS Of His Majesty's PROVINCE of the MASSACHUSETTS-BAY in NEW ENGLAND. Boston in NEW ENGLAND: Printed by S. KNEELAND, by Order of His Excellency the GOVERNOR, Council and House of Representavies. MDCCLIX. (1759) pp.
1912:
There is a frequently quoted claim that dueling is legal in Paraguay if both parties are blood donors. No evidence exists that this is indeed true, and the notion has been outright denied by members of Paraguayan government.
343:
chose not to fight, he would leave his spurs behind as a sign of humiliation. If a lady passed unescorted, she would leave behind a glove or scarf, to be rescued and returned to her by a future knight who passed that way.
1951:
Dueling was the subject of an unsuccessful federal amendment to the United States Constitution in 1838. It was fairly common for politicians at that time in the United States to end disputes through duels, such as the
1392:
The distance at which the pistols were fired might depend on local custom, the wishes of the duelists or sometimes the severity of the insult. The American dueling code of 1838 suggested a distance between 10 and 20
2275:, the local single-edge knife. Because avoiding injury is near-impossible even for the victor, this type of duel was considered a sign of extraordinary bravery, masculinity and the warrior mentality. Although true
2371:
Bolo fights are still seen today, albeit rarely, and have become part of Filipino rural culture. On 7 January 2012, two middle-aged farmers were wounded after a bolo duel over the harvest of rice in a village in
2052:
became infamous for participating in at least two quick draw duels in their lifetimes. Besides quick draw duels, more formal European duels were also fought in the Old West such as those participated by former
1798:
itself were brought to Russia in the 17th century by adventurers in Russian service. Dueling quickly became so popular – and the number of casualties among the commanding ranks so high – that, in 1715, Emperor
474:
By the 1770s, the practice of dueling was increasingly coming under attack from many sections of enlightened society, as a violent relic of Europe's medieval past unsuited for modern life. As England began to
427:
intensified efforts to wipe out the duel. Despite these efforts, dueling continued unabated, and it is estimated that between 1685 and 1716, French officers fought 10,000 duels, leading to over 400 deaths.
893:
In 1808, two Frenchmen are said to have fought in balloons over Paris, each attempting to shoot and puncture the other's balloon. One duellist is said to have been shot down and killed with his second.
632:
alleging that there was deliberate, high-level complicity to leave the loophole in the prosecution and reporting the view that "in England there is one law for the rich and another for the poor," and
3090:
was such that schools were established to teach their use in knife fighting 'duels', further popularizing such knives and compelling authorities to pass legislation severely restricting such schools.
1979: ... three ironies emerged from the dueling custom. First, though confined to a segment of the upper classes, dueling served essentially the same purpose as the lowest eye-gouging battle among
1803:
was forced to forbid the practice on pain of having both duelists hanged. Despite this official ban, dueling became a significant military tradition in the Russian Empire with a detailed unwritten
5509:
Banks, Stephen, Dead before Breakfast: The English Gentleman and Honour Affronted", in S. Bibb and D. Escandell (eds), Best Served Cold: Studies on Revenge (Oxford: Inter-Disciplinary Press, 2010)
1360:
of 1777. Rule XII stated: "No dumb shooting or firing in the air is admissible in any case ... children's play must be dishonourable on one side or the other, and is accordingly prohibited."
1517:, leading to about two hundred prosecutions between 1603 and 1625. He also issued an edict against dueling in 1614 and is believed to have supported production of an anti-dueling tract by the
5355:
5175:
1348:
Under the latter conditions, one or both parties could intentionally miss in order to fulfill the conditions of the duel, without loss of either life or honor. However, doing so, known as
948:, a French officer rumored to be his wife's lover. D'Anthès, who was accused of cheating in this duel, married Pushkin's sister-in-law and went on to become a French minister and senator.
2172:
records that hitting below the waist is forbidden in mace duels. In one ancient form of dueling, two warriors wielded a knife in the right hand while their left hands were tied together.
1471:, published in 1550. These stressed the need to protect one's reputation and social mask and prescribed the circumstances under which an insulted party should issue a challenge. The word
5135:
1909:(who would later be his ambassador to Brazil) in 1952. Both men agreed to fire one shot at each other, and both fired into the air. At that time, dueling was already illegal in Chile.
3684:
237:(early to mid-14th century), illustrating the provision that the two combatants must "share the sun", i.e. align themselves perpendicular to the sun so that neither has an advantage.
1241:
and was subsequently challenged to a duel fought with swords. Ribière lost the duel, having been wounded twice. In Uruguay, a pistol duel was fought in 1971 between Danilo Sena and
827:, suffering himself from a chest wound that caused him a lifetime of pain. Jackson also reportedly engaged in a bloodless duel with a lawyer and in 1803 came very near dueling with
1287:. In most cases, the challenged party had the choice of weapons, with swords being favored in many parts of continental Europe and pistols in the United States and Great Britain.
1099:(1891) asked the bishops of Germany and Austria-Hungary to impose penalties on duellists. In Nazi-era Germany, legislations on dueling were tightened in 1937. After World War II,
1069:
in 1917. Germany (the various states of the Holy Roman Empire) has a history of laws against dueling going back to the late medieval period, with a large amount of legislation (
1134:
must swear that they had never engaged in a duel with a deadly weapon, under a clause in the State Constitution enacted in the 1850s and still valid. Other U.S. states, like
190:. From the early 17th century, duels became illegal in the countries where they were practiced. Dueling largely fell out of favour in England by the mid-19th century and in
3634:
1599:
took part in a duel in 1815. Following the death of his opponent, John D'Esterre, O'Connell repented and from that time wore a white glove on his right hand when attending
1584:. An amended version known as 'The Irish Code of Honor', and consisting of 25 rules, was adopted in some parts of the United States. The first article of the code stated:
2352:
or challenge the offender. The offender would have the choice whether to accept or decline the challenge. In the past, choice of weapons was not limited. But most often,
5062:
1169:
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, pistol dueling became popular as a sport in France. The duelists were armed with conventional pistols, but the cartridges had
2660:
reported that in spite of Church disapproval, there were nevertheless seven capital crimes that were still commonly accepted as resolvable by means of a judicial duel.
2100:(now Quebec) on May 22, 1838. The duelists were British officer Major Henry Warde and lawyer Robert Sweeney; Warde was wounded in that incident and subsequently died.
1316:
show the combatants carrying the lantern in the left hand wrapped behind the back, which is still one of the traditional positions for the off-hand in modern fencing.
1751:
other's face, rather than killing. As soon as blood was drawn onlookers would intervene to separate the men. The winner would often spit on his opponent and dip his
4572:. File Unit: Bills and Resolutions Originating in the House during the 25th Congress, 1837 - 1839. National Archives of the United States of America. Archived from
1222:
885:, narrowly avoided fighting a duel with a rival newspaper editor, apparently through the intervention of his second, who exaggerated Twain's prowess with a pistol.
447:. A copy of the code, known as 'The twenty-six commandments', was to be kept in a gentleman's pistol case for reference should a dispute arise regarding procedure.
3578:. File Unit: Bills and Resolutions Originating in the House during the 25th Congress, 1837–1839. National Archives and Records Administration. 1838. Archived from
4957:
1633:
491:, or to the fast-growing print media of the early 19th century, where they could defend their honor and resolve conflicts through correspondence in newspapers.
5314:
Schwartz, Warren F., Keith Baxter and David Ryan. "The Duel: Can these Gentlemen be Acting Efficiently?." The Journal of Legal Studies 13 (June 1984): 321–355.
1180:
Participants wore heavy, protective clothing and a metal helmet with a glass eye-screen. The pistols were fitted with a shield that protected the firing hand.
5513:
471:. The cultivated art of politeness demanded that there should be no outward displays of anger or violence, and the concept of honor became more personalized.
5594:
5514:
Banks, Stephen "Challengers Chastised and Duellists Deterred: Kings Bench and Criminal Informations, 1800-1820" (2007) ANZLH E-Journal, Refereed Paper No (4)
3825:
3275:
1675:
5508:
2356:, rattan canes, and knives were the preferred weapons. Duels were either first-blood, submission, or to the last man standing. Duels to death were known as
5569:
2085:
1397:. There were incidences of pistol duels taking place at just two or three paces, with a virtual certainty of one or both duelists being injured or killed.
2037:
1497:, published in 1577. Dueling was further propagated by the arrival of Italian fencing masters such as Rocco Bonetti and Vincento Saviolo. By the reign of
945:
626:
was acquitted on a legal technicality for homicide in connection with a duel with one of his former officers, outrage was expressed in the media, with
704:(1817) and referring to it in an essay that same year as "the unqualified evidence of manhood". Ironically, Neal was challenged to a duel by a fellow
4553:
Chap. V. An Act for Repealing an Act, Intitled, An Act for the punishing and Preventing of Duelling, and for making other Provision instead thereof.
1671:
2344:
Dueling was a common practice in the Philippines since ancient times, and continued to be recorded during Spanish and American colonialism. In the
2013:
must declare under oath that he or she has not participated in, acted as a second or otherwise assisted in a duel, a law which is still in effect.
5549:
820:
791:
539:
5365:
3874:
3617:
1758:
The winner would generally make no attempt to avoid arrest and would receive a light penalty, such as a short jail sentence and/or a small fine.
5668:
3190:
1435:
how many times they were to fire, replied, "just as often as your Lordship pleases; I have brought a bag of bullets and a flask of gunpowder."
5143:
1275:
states, "with social distinctions often difficult to measure", most men could not escape on such grounds without the appearance of cowardice.
5255:
5015:
4982:
4804:
4472:
4236:
4200:
4013:
3364:
3149:
3079:
2997:
2836:
2679:
1957:
1518:
869:
824:
623:
608:
325:
or "holders") would stake out a travelled spot, such as a bridge or city gate, and let it be known that any other knight who wished to pass (
5191:
Banks, Stephen. "Very little law in the case: Contests of Honour and the Subversion of the English Criminal Courts, 1780-1845" (2008) 19(3)
4569:
H.R. 8, Proposing an Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to Prohibit any Person who was Involved in a Duel from Holding Public Federal Office
4128:
3575:
H.R. 8, Proposing an Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to Prohibit any Person who was Involved in a Duel from Holding Public Federal Office
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1807: – which was eventually written down by V. Durasov and released in print in 1908. This code forbade duels between people of different
1664:
1640:
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1506:
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1707:. During the late 16th and the 17th century, this tradition was gradually replaced with the modern fencing with the rapier following the
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to a pistol duel after a quarrel over remarks made about a local school teacher, whom Wilson married after Lyon was killed in the duel.
798:
546:
4190:
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5703:
5242:
Greenberg, Kenneth S. "The Nose, the Lie, and the Duel in the Antebellum South." American Historical Review 95 (February 1990): 57–73.
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1870:
In Peru there were several high-profile duels by politicians in the early part of the 20th century including one in 1957 involving
1984:
status that beckoned men to the field of honor did not always match the expectation, but often enough dueling served as a form of
6724:
6707:
6702:
6553:
5746:
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3892:
3685:""Gentlemanly Jurisprudence and the Rule of Law: Why Dueling was Legal in Uruguay from 1920 to 1992" a talk with David S. Parker"
3641:
1960:. While dueling had become outdated in the North since the early 19th century, this was not true of other regions of the nation.
1042:
lost its position as an indispensable part of a gentleman's wardrobe, a development described as an "archaeological terminus" by
1008:
5564:
5491:
5239:
Frevert, Ute. "Men of Honour: A Social and Cultural History of the Duel." trans. Anthony Williams Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995.
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832:
65:
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1534:
1352:, could imply that one's opponent was not worth shooting. This practice occurred despite being expressly banned by the Irish
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from the 1640s. A modern remnant of German dueling culture is found in the non-lethal Mensur tradition in academic fencing.
5579:
5519:
603:, and dismissed from the army for failing to issue a challenge after he was publicly insulted. This attitude lingered on –
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stressed that praiseworthy actions were exclusively restricted to those that maximize human welfare and happiness, and the
241:
6697:
6682:
2016:
Crude so-called 'quick-draw' duels, though in reality very rare, were also fought to uphold personal honor in the western
616:
412:. From the late 1580s to the 1620s, an estimated 10,000 French individuals (most of them nobility) were killed in duels.
356:
179:
979:
5930:
4775:
3417:
The Scottish nation: or, The surnames, families, literature, honours, and biographical history of the people of Scotland
2881:
Banks, S. "Very little law in the case: Contests of Honour and the Subversion of the English Criminal Courts, 1780-1845"
1921:
1453:
The duel arrived at the end of the 16th century with the influx of Italian honor and courtesy literature – most notably
1427:
and Ballow, one had determined never to fight in the morning, and the other that he would never fight in the afternoon.
1218:
4374:
3924:. The custom of "flinging the gauntlet in the face of another Knight" is illustrated in early Italian romances such as
2857:
6761:
6692:
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1775:
1344:
exchanges of fire was considered barbaric, and, on the rare occasion that no hits were achieved, somewhat ridiculous.
970:; the two would each choose and eat a sausage. Bismarck reportedly declined. The story could be apocryphal, however.
634:
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4283:
5661:
5212:
Bell, Richard, "The Double Guilt of Dueling: The Stain of Suicide in Anti-dueling Rhetoric in the Early Republic,"
4824:
3703:
Parker, David S. (Summer 2001). "Law, Honor, and Impunity in Spanish America: The Debate over Dueling, 1870–1920".
2121:
2113:
1874:, who went on to become president. In 2002 Peruvian independent congressman Eittel Ramos challenged Vice President
1871:
1564:, a code of practice was drawn up for the regulation of duels. It was agreed by delegates from counties Tipperary,
1501:
dueling was well entrenched within a militarized peerage – one of the most important duels being that between
1230:
1012:
964:
to a duel. Virchow, being entitled to choose the weapons, chose two pork sausages, one infected with the roundworm
690:
319:
that evolved in the late 14th century and remained popular through the 15th century. A knight or group of knights (
3833:
1588:
Rule 1.—The first offence requires the apology, although the retort may have been more offensive than the insult.
1328:
To first blood, in which case the duel would be ended as soon as one man was wounded, even if the wound was minor.
6766:
5464:
3216:
881:
823:, fought two duels, though some legends claim he fought many more. On May 30, 1806, he killed prominent duellist
206:. Public opinion, not legislation, caused the change. Research has linked the decline of dueling to increases in
61:
57:
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1636:
engaged in duels, although only two of them – Pitt and Wellington – held the office at the time of their duels.
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5708:
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1700:
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In 1843, two other Frenchmen are said to have fought a duel by means of throwing billiard balls at each other.
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because he believed that the death by dueling of officers would have threatened the success of the war effort.
4602:
3421:
3024:. Vol. 3 (January–June 1817), no. 2. Baltimore, Maryland: Neale Willis & Cole. pp. 132–133.
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Influential new intellectual trends at the turn of the 19th century bolstered the anti-dueling campaign; the
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4253:
1953:
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had an altercation with Henry Hawkey over the affections of his wife, leading to a duel at Browndown, near
6624:
5599:
2807:"Duel! Defenders of honor or shoot-on-sight vigilantes? Even in 19th-century America, it was hard to tell"
2089:
2057:
1607:
1454:
1211:
720:
669:
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203:
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1819:
1784:
944:. These turned out to be prophetic, as Pushkin himself was mortally wounded in a controversial duel with
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265:
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31:
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1932:
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1767:
mild – up to a year's imprisonment if the outcome of the duel was death or grievous bodily harm.
1603:
as a public symbol of his regret. Despite numerous challenges, he refused ever to fight another duel.
1173:
and were without any powder charge; the bullet was propelled only by the explosion of the cartridge's
736:
knife or gun fight between two contestants, where the clear object was simply to kill one's opponent.
394:
Dueling remained highly popular in European society, despite various attempts at banning the practice.
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6363:
5908:
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5798:
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1889:
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187:
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were held in ancient India (including modern-day Pakistan and Bangladesh) for various reasons. Many
522:
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6333:
6128:
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2180:
1596:
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notion of the "Christian conscience" began to actively promote social activism. Individuals in the
480:
419:, throughout Europe, and attempts to discourage or suppress it generally failed. For example, King
7048:
4667:
1814:
Dueling was also common among prominent Russian writers, poets, and politicians. The Russian poet
1118:
A constitutional amendment was even proposed for the federal constitution to outlaw dueling. Some
587:, English duelists enthusiastically adopted the pistol, and sword duels dwindled. Special sets of
568:
or junior officers. Despite prominent deaths, dueling persisted because of contemporary ideals of
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on the island of Funajima. Miyamoto is said to have fought over 60 duels and was never defeated.
2226:
Weapons and rules for dueling in the Indonesian archipelago vary from one culture to another. In
2069:
2065:
1898:
1620:
1498:
1420:
1050:
had been a visible attribute of the free man, beginning as early as three millennia ago with the
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816:
794:
766:
740:
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674:
584:
557:
553:
542:
249:
199:
191:
6573:
5279:
Morgan, Cecilia (1995). "'In Search of the Phantom Misnamed Honour': Duelling in Upper Canada".
4224:
2416:
2279:
are no longer practiced, enactments of these duels are still performed at cultural shows today.
1234:
905:
719:
Reports of dueling gained in popularity in the first half of the 19th century especially in the
256:
109:
52:
may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience
5525:
3169:
2988:
Kayorie, James Stephen Merritt (2019). "John Neal (1793–1876)". In Baumgartner, Jody C. (ed.).
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Pugna corporalis deliberata hinc inde duorum, ad purgationem, gloriam, vel odii aggregationem.
4105:
4095:
3931:
3777:
3532:"A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875"
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3354:
3239:
3145:
3075:
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The Trial of James Thomas Earl of Cardigan before the Right Honourable the House of Peers, etc
2814:
2675:
2624:
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2570:
2061:
2017:
1823:
1815:
1800:
1780:
1644:
1238:
957:
935:
686:
682:
531:
435:, as late as 1777, a code of practice was drawn up for the regulation of duels, at the Summer
405:
360:
183:
3853:
1997:
violent fight or melee between two or more contestants using mixed weapons – clubs, bottles,
1221:
fought school teacher Roger Nordmann. The last known duel in France took place in 1967, when
560:
lost two-thirds as many officers to dueling as it did in combat at sea, including naval hero
355:
and on the duel on points of honor among the nobility. Judicial duels were deprecated by the
7083:
5529:
5370:
5288:
4336:
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1925:
1902:
1827:
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took up dueling as his earliest reform issue, attacking the institution in his first novel,
662:
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2256:
2239:
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1615:
1509:(later the 4th Earl of Dorset) in 1613, during which Bruce was killed. James I encouraged
1324:
At the choice of the offended party, the duel could be fought to a number of conclusions:
1226:
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561:
352:
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164:
104:
5221:
Concealed Weapon Laws of the Early Republic: Dueling, Southern Violence, and Moral Reform
5198:
Banks, Stephen. "Dangerous Friends: The Second and the Later English Duel" (2009) 32 (1)
3393:
Remarks on duelling; comprising observations on the arguments in defence of that practice
1610:
was fought in 1852 between two French political exiles. In 1862, in an article entitled
1372:
351:
was critical of dueling throughout medieval history, frowning both on the traditions of
229:
6983:
6674:
6618:
6558:
6515:
6485:
6218:
6113:
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American Political Humor: Masters of Satire and Their Impact on U.S. Policy and Culture
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1972:
1964:
1906:
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fought 29 duels, challenging many prominent figures before being killed in a duel with
1808:
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did not have weapons or horse to meet the challenge, one might be provided, and if the
310:
207:
4881:"Duelling wasn't about revenge or killing your enemy. Here's what it was really about"
3974:
3896:
2161:
1878:
to a duel with pistols, saying the vice president had insulted him. Waisman declined.
1703:. In the 15th century, duels were fought between members of the nobility wearing full
1331:
Until one man was so severely wounded as to be physically unable to continue the duel.
423:
outlawed dueling in 1626, a law which remained in force afterwards, and his successor
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The Code of Honor; or, Rules for the Government of Principals and Seconds in Duelling
5300:
5005:
4229:
The Code of Honor, Or, Rules for the Government of Principals and Seconds in Duelling
3732:
3432:
3415:
3134:
3129:
3082:(1997), pp. 9–18, 27–36: In some states the popularity of certain knives such as the
2708:
2582:
2456:
2405:
2385:
2333:
2227:
2215:
2154:
2001:, or firearms of any type or description. Newspapers of the day freely used the term
1875:
1848:
1788:
1565:
1510:
1424:
1377:
1340:), in which case there would be no satisfaction until one party was mortally wounded.
1249:
1123:
1090:
1086:
1032:
940:
846:
was involved in an arranged pistol duel that quickly escalated into a knife-fighting
839:
756:
724:
464:
281:
224:
129:
5526:
THE CODE OF HONOR; or Rules for the Government of Principals and Seconds in DUELLING
3934:), and the English phrase of "throwing down the gauntlet" occurs in the context of
1888:, a former President of Uruguay, killed Washington Beltran, editor of the newspaper
17:
6919:
6629:
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6463:
6426:
6378:
6325:
6233:
6173:
6073:
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6000:
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5205:
Banks, Stephen. "Killing with Courtesy: The English Duelist, 1785-1845," (2008) 47
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1985:
1708:
1704:
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1502:
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507:
484:
273:
4436:
3017:
2945:"Trial of Lieutenant Hawkey for the Wilful Murder of Lieutenant Seton in a Duel".
1108:
761:
5232:
Freeman, Joanne B. "Dueling as Politics: Reinterpreting the Burr-Hamilton Duel."
3999:
3600:
2900:
2036:, although some of the few real life Wild West duels that did occur included the
6868:
6535:
6495:
6473:
6438:
6248:
5948:
5871:
5472:
5345:
Holland, Barbara. "Gentlemen's Blood: A History of Dueling" New York, NY. (2003)
5094:
3917:
3797:(No. 808 Vol LXIII, Sixpence ed.). Ingram brothers. 1908-07-22. p. 41.
2410:
2395:
2168:
2145:
considered it shameful to die in bed, and in their old age often arranged for a
2021:
1998:
1976:
1928:'s duel with Davis Tutt became the quintessential quick draw duel in US history.
1804:
1752:
1712:
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1039:
1028:
966:
843:
828:
416:
409:
400:
390:
380:
285:
172:
141:
5307:
Rorabaugh, W. J. "The Political Duel in the Early Republic: Burr v. Hamilton."
4929:
Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia: From Antiquity to the Present
4735:
3812:
2271:
duel of Javanese and Malay culture, the Bugis-Makassar community instead wield
641:
The last-known fatal duel between Englishmen in England occurred in 1845, when
514:, condemned dueling as ungodly violence and as an egocentric culture of honor.
6771:
6525:
6453:
6383:
6353:
6338:
6309:
6297:
6263:
6193:
6088:
6068:
5898:
5540:
5485:
3471:
European weapons and armour: From the Renaissance to the industrial revolution
2566:
2432:
2353:
2303:
2029:
1699:. The German dueling tradition originates in the Late Middle Ages, within the
1381:
1170:
1119:
1111:
court established the legal distinction between academic fencing and dueling.
876:
865:
801:
770:
600:
565:
549:
483:, the culture of street violence in general began to slowly wane. The growing
460:
420:
292:
5446:
Ritualized Violence Russian Style: The Duel in Russian Culture and Literature
2574:
1861:– cowboys – to resolve their disputes in a fight using working knives called
7026:
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7011:
6971:
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6901:
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6856:
6851:
6794:
6776:
6578:
6490:
6458:
6416:
6406:
6368:
6243:
6208:
6198:
6098:
6057:
6035:
5888:
5826:
5498:
4378:
4325:"Honor, Masculinity, and Ritual Knife Fighting in Nineteenth-Century Greece"
4109:
2931:
2861:
2427:
2142:
2049:
2025:
1980:
1852:
1024:
Duels had mostly ceased to be fought to the death by the late 19th century.
705:
628:
424:
316:
64:
any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against
6043:
5635:
5452:
A Polite Exchange of Bullets; The Duel and the English Gentleman, 1750–1850
5186:
A Polite Exchange of Bullets; The Duel and the English Gentleman, 1750–1850
4573:
3579:
3329:
2858:"The common is steeped in history, at Keep Englefield Green – The Heritage"
2248:, a type of mythical spirit, by a way of prayer before engaging in a duel.
1431:, "who did not stand upon ceremony in these little affairs", when asked by
5292:
4172:
1423:, the number of paces could not be agreed upon; and in the affair between
592:
this fail, they would arrange and oversee the mechanics of the encounter.
6520:
6448:
6396:
6168:
6078:
6025:
5987:
5975:
5851:
4166:
4089:
3921:
3500:
Hitler's decree was a reaction to a duel between two Nazi party members:
3166:"Mark Twain, A Biography by Albert Bigelow Paine: Part I A Comstock Duel"
2672:
Den oövervinnerlige: om den svenska stormaktstiden och en man i dess mitt
2643:. Canary Press (August 15, 2011). Chapter: Pas D'armes. ASIN: B005HJTS8O.
2438:
2207:
2010:
1863:
1413:
Many historical duels were prevented by the difficulty of arranging the "
1349:
1127:
861:
681:
Dueling also began to be criticized in America in the late 18th century;
611:, prosecuted for wounding another in a duel, "would get off easily". The
569:
468:
415:
By the 17th century, dueling had become regarded as a prerogative of the
306:
296:
168:
157:
3996:"The Guard of the Sword & Lanthorn, opposd by the Sword & Cloak"
2108:
Australia had a history of dueling, with the last recorded one being in
747:
increasingly came to regard the practice as little more than bloodshed.
487:
maintained their reputation with recourse to either bringing charges of
6996:
6951:
6886:
6836:
6563:
6548:
6543:
6443:
6401:
6303:
6258:
6203:
6063:
6020:
5970:
4696:. University of Oklahoma Press; First edition (March 15, 2010). p. 82.
4348:
2364:
could still recall details of duels which occurred during their youth.
2348:, there is a tradition of dueling where the offended party would first
2345:
2322:
2235:
2187:
1881:
1581:
1557:
1143:
1076:
1000:
654:
646:
580:
440:
432:
269:
175:. On occasion, duels with swords or pistols were fought between women.
153:
145:
3724:
3214:
459:
values began to influence society with new self-conscious ideas about
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6991:
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6946:
6914:
6891:
6876:
6846:
6831:
6804:
6510:
6286:
6238:
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6163:
5522:" Dept. of Econ., Amherst College, Stern School of Business, NY Univ.
4179:(1678), ed. augm., Niort : L. Favre, 1883‑1887, t. 3, col. 203b.
2435:, a popular stock character commonly placed in a gun duel or showdown
2264:
2199:
2109:
2054:
1857:
1553:
1165:
Pistol dueling as an associate event at the 1908 London Olympic Games
901:
596:
576:, and because of the threat of ridicule if a challenge was rejected.
436:
384:
301:
149:
137:
122:
4340:
1755:
in the blood of the loser, or wipe the blood off his knife with it.
408:. The first formalized national code was that of France, during the
128:
During the 17th and 18th centuries (and earlier), duels were mostly
121:
is an arranged engagement in combat between two people with matched
3716:
2514:
2005:
to include fights between combatants of any class or social order.
1493:
Soon domestic literature was being produced such as Simon Robson's
1114:
In 1839, after the death of a congressman, dueling was outlawed in
595:
In England, to kill in the course of a duel was formally judged as
579:
By about 1770, the duel underwent a number of important changes in
178:
Legislation against dueling dates back to the medieval period. The
6639:
6391:
6183:
6158:
5095:"Philippine Martial Arts Institute – Traditional Filipino Weapons"
4754:
Gunfighters, Highwaymen & Vigilantes: Violence on the Frontier
3103:, Plano, Texas: Republic of Texas Press (2000), ISBN 1-55622-678-0
2450:
2286:
2272:
2203:
1931:
1920:
1774:
1371:
1160:
1047:
1031:, dueling had not only been made illegal almost everywhere in the
938:
contained a number of duels, notably Onegin's duel with Lensky in
847:
760:
733:
668:
488:
255:
240:
228:
133:
95:
5418:
Dueling With the Sword and Pistol: 400 Years of One-on-One Combat
5136:"Argument over rice harvest leads to bolo duel in Zamboanga City"
3431:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2602:. Oxford University Press; 1st edition (July 22, 1999). pp. 206.
2179:
tells that dueling was a common practice among the nobles of the
7001:
6956:
6881:
6841:
6093:
6053:
5995:
5866:
2935:
17 February and 18 February 1841, quoted in Woodham-Smith (1953)
2268:
1618:
recalled the rules and myths of Irish dueling in his periodical
1541:
induced by political rivalry and squabbles over an inheritance.
982:, was tried and acquitted after a duel that fatally wounded Sir
657:
was between two French political refugees, Frederic Cournet and
6660:
5721:
5650:
5646:
5402:
Pistols at Ten Paces: The Story of the Code of Honor in America
4837:
This was however not the last fatal duel in what is now Canada.
4756:. University of California Press (March 23, 1987). pp. 99–100.
1971:
In the South, teenage duels were not uncommon, particularly in
1711:, while at the same time the practice of dueling spread to the
510:
and similar societies, who had successfully campaigned for the
338:
332:
331:
or "comers") must first fight, or be disgraced. If a traveling
326:
320:
5266:
That Damn'd Thing Called Honour: Duelling in Ireland 1570–1860
4647:
4495:"Uruguay Rescinds Law Allowing Disputes to be Settled by Duel"
2600:
Encyclopedia of World Sport: From Ancient Times to the Present
1283:
varied by time and locale but were usually referred to as the
739:
Dueling began an irreversible decline in the aftermath of the
696:
In the early nineteenth century, American writer and activist
268:, fought on 13 February 1503 between 13 Italian and 13 French
36:
5229:(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001; paperback ed., 2002)
4694:
Deadly Dozen: Forgotten Gunfighters of the Old West, Volume 3
2551:"Going postal: State capacity and violent dispute resolution"
1126:'s, contain explicit prohibitions on dueling to this day. In
831:. Jackson also engaged in a frontier brawl (not a duel) with
5499:
The Duel of Honor: Screening for Unobservable Social Capital
5492:
Mend it, Don't End it: Optimal Mortality in Affairs of Honor
3191:"Chapters from my Autobiography by Mark Twain: Chapter VIII"
101:
The Code Of Honor—A Duel in the Bois De Boulogne, Near Paris
6278:
4528:
Selling Destinations: Geography for the Travel Professional
2710:
The only approved guide through all the stages of a quarrel
1513:
as Solicitor-General to prosecute would-be duelists in the
1079:
outlawed dueling in 1851, and the law was inherited by the
619:
sects in particular began to actively campaign against it.
284:
society, the formal concept of a duel developed out of the
233:
Depiction of a judicial combat in the Dresden codex of the
3261:"Évariste Galois, MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive"
363:
into the 15th century. The word duel comes from the Latin
171:; however, in the modern era, it extended to those of the
3881:. 18 October 1971 – via Google News Archive Search.
2905:. London: Published by order of the House of Peers. 1841.
1194:
Pistol dueling was an associate (non-medal) event at the
712:. He refused and mocked the challenge in his next novel,
194:
by the turn of the 20th century. Dueling declined in the
3039:. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. p. 55.
2781:"The American Experience | Dueling, American Style"
2243:
1851:
during the 20th century, although generally illegal. In
913:
that he wrote his most important results on that night.
872:, but friends intervened and persuaded them against it.
797:
was fatally wounded by his political rival, the sitting
689:
encouraged his officers to refuse challenges during the
5227:
Affairs of Honor: National Politics in the New Republic
1967:
described the dueling culture in 1830s South Carolina:
1210:, Italy, and Latin America well into the 20th century.
4850:"From the archives: Lady Rose blossomed after scandal"
4627:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 167, 350–351.
4177:
Glossarium ad scriptores mediae et infimae latinitatis
3949:
Southern Honor: Ethics & Behavior in the Old South
1855:, during the 18th and 19th century, it was common for
1400:
A method popular in Continental Europe was known as a
1075:) dating from the period after the Thirty Years' War.
260:
Commemorative poster for the fourth centennial of the
5326:
Dueling in the Old South: Vignettes of Social History
4415:
1299:"Field of honor" redirects here. For other uses, see
673:
An anti-dueling sermon written by an acquaintance of
622:
By 1840, dueling had declined dramatically; when the
5340:
Southern Honor: Ethics and Behavior in the Old South
5039:
Carok: Konflik Kekerasan Dan Harga Diri Orang Madura
4625:
Southern honor: ethics and behavior in the old South
4056:
4054:
4052:
2949:. No. 2441. Portsmouth, England. July 18, 1846.
6980:
6935:
6865:
6820:
6750:
6671:
6602:
6534:
6472:
6377:
6319:
6277:
6149:
6034:
5986:
5929:
5812:
5732:
5273:
Dueling: The Cult of Honor in Fin-de-Siecle Germany
4282:Dickens, Charles; Chapman and Hall (May 10, 1862).
4094:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 31.
3353:Strozier, Charles B.; Flynn, Michael (1996-01-01).
2992:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 87.
2766:David W. Bebbington, "The Evangelical Conscience,"
1937:
An Act for the punishing and preventing of Duelling
1826:was killed four years later by fellow Army officer
1730:during the same period, attested in the Latin form
479:and benefit from urban planning and more effective
182:(1215) outlawed duels and civil legislation in the
5520:The Deadliest of Games: The Institution of Dueling
5490:Ahn, Tom, Sandford, Jeremy, and Paul Shea. 2010. "
5116:"Bolos Weapons in Filipino Duel: One Hand Cut Off"
4974:Religion and Social Conflict in South Asia.Page 27
4799:. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 116–135.
3973:. Classicalfencing.com. 2006-03-26. Archived from
3133:
2623:. Boydell Press (November 18, 2010). pp. 157-160.
2619:Clifford J. Rogers, Kelly DeVries and John Franc.
2360:(without bounds). Some of the older generation of
1245:, in which neither of the combatants was injured.
850:, not atypical of American practices at the time.
383:, dueling established the status of a respectable
160:continued to coexist throughout the 19th century.
5518:Kingston, Christopher G., and Wright, Robert E. "
4782:. Active Interest Media – via Google Books.
4042:
4040:
3101:The Alamo Story-From History to Current Conflicts
2621:Journal of Medieval Military History: Volume VIII
2549:Jensen, Jeffrey L.; Ramey, Adam J. (2020-06-09).
2328:On April 14, 1612, the famous Japanese swordsman
1884:decriminalized dueling in 1920, and in that year
685:denounced the practice as uselessly violent, and
638:describing the verdict as "a defeat of justice."
5497:Allen, Douglas, W., and Reed, Clyde, G., 2006, "
4714:"Wild Bill Hickok fights first western showdown"
3667:"Iowa Repeal of Dueling Ban, Amendment 2 (1992)"
3113:"Abraham Lincoln Prepares to Fight a Saber Duel"
2958:
2956:
2702:
2700:
2674:(in Swedish). Stockholm: Atlantis. p. 593.
1486:"war", but associated by popular etymology with
530:fighting a sabre duel, around 1900, painting by
387:and was an accepted manner to resolve disputes.
359:of 1215, but the judicial duel persisted in the
4305:(in German) (6th ed.). Strasbourg: Trübner
4302:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
4288:. Dickens & Evans (Firm). pp. 212–216.
4270:King of the Beggars: A life of Daniel O'Connell
4091:Pistols: an illustrated history of their impact
2916:Staff (21 February 1841). "Defeat of Justice".
2307:
2234:and was typically practiced with the sickle or
1969:
1586:
1580:, and intended for general adoption throughout
1463:(Book of the Courtier), published in 1528, and
708:lawyer for insults published in his 1823 novel
5442:. The story of the last fatal duel in Scotland
3420:. Vol. 3. A. Fullarton & co. p.
3230:
3228:
2314:
1628:British prime ministers who took part in duels
1046:, concluding the long period during which the
727:. However, in this regional context, the term
291:and older pre-Christian practices such as the
186:against dueling was passed in the wake of the
5662:
3484:"Catholic Library: Pastoralis Officii (1891)"
2124:) in 1851. Only Donaldson's hat was damaged.
1353:
583:. Firstly, unlike their counterparts in many
144:), but beginning in the late 18th century in
8:
4161:, author of a 14th-century work on dueling,
1905:, was challenged to a duel by his colleague
1405:
1335:
1080:
1070:
769:fighting his fatal duel with Vice President
5319:Duels and the Roots of Violence in Missouri
4907:
4905:
4437:"'Insulted' politician wants a pistol duel"
4033:– via Secretary of State of Missouri.
3893:"The Mystic Spring (1904) by D. W. Higgins"
3618:"Electoral College Affirms Biden's Victory"
2920:. No. 1725. London: Albany Fonblanque.
1475:was introduced in the 1590s, modeled after
1414:
1094:
198:in the 19th century and by the time of the
6668:
6657:
5729:
5718:
5669:
5655:
5647:
4956:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4638:"Politics And Pistols: Dueling in America"
3951:. Oxford University Press, 2007, p.355–356
3794:The Sketch: A Journal of Art and Actuality
3781:. Vol. 10. October 1908. p. 765.
3193:. Twain.classicauthors.net. Archived from
2532:
2530:
2251:The traditional form of dueling among the
1248:Various modern jurisdictions still retain
5007:Communal Road to a Secular Kerala.Page 30
4541:The Southron's Guide to Living in Uruguay
3396:. Edinburgh: Waugh & Innes. pp.
3359:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 195.
3337:
3136:How to Win Friends & Influence People
2860:. Keepenglefieldgreen.org. Archived from
2497:, Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 78
2306:Japan, there was a tradition of dueling (
545:was killed in a duel against the sitting
84:Learn how and when to remove this message
4464:Where There's Life, There's Lawsuits ...
3895:. Gaslight.mtroyal.ab.ca. Archived from
2947:Hampshire Telegraph and Sussex Chronicle
1830:. The dueling tradition died out in the
782:The most notorious American duel is the
521:
389:
202:, dueling had begun to wane even in the
148:, duels were more commonly fought using
3458:Gentlemen's Blood: A History of Dueling
2641:Gladiators: From Spartacus to Spitfires
2505:
2503:
2468:
564:. Many of those killed or wounded were
540:United States Secretary of the Treasury
5248:Pistols at Dawn: A History of Duelling
5063:"Tomanurung Perang Sejati Orang Bugis"
4949:
4123:
4121:
4119:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3058:
3056:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2598:David Levinson and Karen Christensen.
2038:Wild Bill Hickok – Davis Tutt shootout
1794:The tradition of dueling and the word
1020:Decline in the 19th and 20th centuries
615:was generally hostile to dueling, but
5200:Journal of Eighteenth Century Studies
4258:. Cork University Press. p. 126.
4231:. reprinted by Kessinger Publishing.
3302:, Hutchinson & Co. Ltd pp 138–145
3300:Daniel O'Connell: The Irish Liberator
2594:
2592:
1634:Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom
7:
5588:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
5250:. Little, Brown Book Group Limited.
5236:3d series, 53 (April 1996): 289–318.
4916:. France: Phoenix Press. p. 58.
4668:"Kentucky Duels Over Oath Of Office"
4377:. Monika.univ.gda.pl. Archived from
3238:. Smithsonianmag.com. Archived from
3168:. Classicauthors.net. Archived from
2964:"1855: Emmanuel Barthelemy, duelist"
1787:, January 1837, an 1869 painting by
1641:William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne
1490:"two", hence "one-on-one combat").
1380:and Vladimir Lensky. Watercolour by
404:, or "code of dueling", appeared in
5333:Honor and Violence in the Old South
5171:. London: Chapman & Hall, 1965.
4889:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
4157:This usage apparently goes back to
3517:18 December 1951, confirmed by the
3064:The Complete Book Of Knife Fighting
2419:(1670–1707), a French woman duelist
2024:brought by Southern emigrants. The
799:Vice President of the United States
375:Renaissance and early modern Europe
5578:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
5486:1967 Epee Duel Deffere vs. Ribiere
5246:Hopton, Richard (1 January 2011).
4879:Scopelianos, Sarah (22 May 2021).
4736:"Jim Levy – The Jewish Gunfighter"
3930:(The Scots Magazine 89/90 (1822),
3414:(1877). "The Stuarts of Dunearn".
3140:. New York: Pocket Books. p.
2768:Welsh Journal of Religious History
2511:Lehrbuch des Deutschen Strafrechts
2263:in which the duellists fight in a
1834:slowly from the mid-19th century.
1376:The fictional pistol duel between
315:or "passage of arms", a chivalric
25:
6589:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
5503:American Law and Economics Review
5068:. Media Indonesia. Archived from
4323:Gallant, Thomas W. (2000-09-20).
3521:on 29 January 1953 (BGHSt 4, 24).
3356:Genocide, War, and Human Survival
2537:The History of Dueling in America
2493:IV Lateran c. 18, Peter R. Coss,
2152:Ancient epics and texts like the
1988:for unresolved personal problems.
1726:is replaced by the modern German
1595:The 19th-century Irish statesman
868:, met to duel with state auditor
7057:
7047:
6554:Historical European martial arts
5539:
3426:
2555:Journal of Comparative Economics
2453:, a duel with three participants
2441:, a Scandinavian form of dueling
2042:Luke Short – Jim Courtright duel
1939:(1728), Massachusetts Bay Colony
1779:Depiction of the pistol duel of
960:was reported to have challenged
41:
27:Formalised type of single combat
7058:
5404:, William Oliver Stevens (1940)
5234:The William and Mary Quarterly,
5169:The Duel: A History of Duelling
4971:Bardwell L. Smith, ed. (1976).
4821:"The last duel in Upper Canada"
4192:The Duel: A History of Duelling
3277:The Duel: A History of Duelling
2539:PBS. Retrieved February 8, 2014
1217:In 1949, former Vichy official
5555:New International Encyclopedia
5390:Savannah Duels & Duellists
5214:Journal of the Early Republic,
4774:Prowse, Brad (1 August 1998).
4461:Miller, Jeffrey (2003-04-25).
4398:V. Durasov "The Dueling Code"
4335:(2). The History Cooperative.
4329:The American Historical Review
1503:Edward Bruce, 2nd Lord Kinloss
1495:The Courte of Ciuill Courtesie
1225:Deputy and Mayor of Marseille
1038:With the end of the duel, the
853:On September 22, 1842, future
552:in 1804. Between 1798 and the
1:
5396:Gentlemen, Swords and Pistols
5309:Journal of the Early Republic
4623:Wyatt-Brown, Bertram (1982).
4312:– via Internet Archive.
4139:. 1 April – 30 September 1839
2717:) ed.). Dublin: Millikin
1847:Duels were common in much of
1683:Holy Roman Empire and Germany
999:The last known fatal duel in
807:Another American politician,
219:Early history and Middle Ages
180:Fourth Council of the Lateran
5188:, (Woodbridge: Boydell 2010)
5142:. 2012-01-07. Archived from
4977:. BRILL publications ,1976.
4716:. History.com. July 21, 2014
4508:Caistor, Nick (5 May 2000).
3832:. 1967-04-28. Archived from
3775:"Dueling with Wax Bullets".
3601:"West Virginia Constitution"
3318:Emerging Infectious Diseases
2447:, judicially sanctioned duel
2413:, a set of rules for dueling
2242:imbued their sickles with a
2028:duel is a common trope in a
1547:A Polite Exchange of Bullets
1219:Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour
1206:Dueling culture survived in
1107:as duels until 1951, when a
1003:was in Perth, in 1833, when
879:, then a contributor to the
765:A 1902 illustration showing
751:Prominent 19th-century duels
451:Enlightenment-era opposition
66:Knowledge's inclusion policy
5471:(Duels in the old Poland),
4914:Daily Life in Ancient India
4793:Dykstra, Robert R. (1983).
4223:Wilson Lyde, John (2004) .
2515:§ 93. 4. Der Zweikampf
2513:, 13th ed., Berlin (1903),
2308:
2244:
2190:were first recorded in the
2020:, partly influenced by the
716:, published the same year.
607:even expressed a hope that
467:, and new attitudes toward
7100:
5281:Canadian Historical Review
5207:Journal of British Studies
5041:. PT LKiS Pelangi Aksara.
4825:Radio Canada International
4416:"Pushkin duels. Full list"
3971:"How to Defend a Monopoly"
3635:"Mississippi Constitution"
3504:was killed in a duel with
3445:The Old Cemeteries Society
3312:Schultz, M. (2012-05-24).
3115:, originally published by
2805:Drake, Ross (March 2004).
2495:The Moral World of the Law
2122:Premier of New South Wales
1715:classes, especially among
1482:(an archaic Latin form of
1298:
1187:
1154:
1013:Victoria, British Columbia
934:The works of Russian poet
754:
691:American Revolutionary War
455:By the late 18th century,
222:
29:
7043:
6667:
6656:
5728:
5717:
5684:
5620:The great Winglebury duel
5469:Pojedynki w dawnej Polsce
5037:A. Latief Wiyata (2002).
4944:Travels of Duerte Barbosa
4912:Auboyer, Jeanine (1965).
4856:. Montreal. June 13, 2014
4603:D. Appleton & Company
4299:Kluge, Friedrich (1899).
4133:Medico-Chirurgical Review
3920:depictions of the age of
3809:Lubbock Avalanche-Journal
3456:Holland, Barbara (2003).
3447:(Pioneer Square) pp. 7–9.
3219:February 2, 2008, at the
3099:Edmondson, J. R. (2000),
3035:Sears, Donald A. (1978).
2707:Hamilton, Joseph (1829).
2567:10.1016/j.jce.2020.05.007
2315:
2291:Depiction of the duel of
2084:, then a British colony,
1645:Colonel William Fullarton
1449:Great Britain and Ireland
1122:' constitutions, such as
875:In 1864, American writer
792:Secretary of the Treasury
651:the last-known fatal duel
5636:The Duellists. Fable VI.
5398:, Harnett C. Kane (1951)
5216:29 (Fall 2009), 383–410.
5010:. Concept Pub.Co, 1989.
4595:Sims, J. Marion (1885).
4566:Morgan, William (1838).
4510:"Raúl Rettig (obituary)"
4418:(in Russian). D-push.net
4375:"Polski kodeks honorowy"
4268:O'Faolain, Sean (1938).
4189:Baldick, Robert (1965).
4060:Hoptin (2011), pp. 85–90
3519:Federal Court of Justice
3274:Baldick, Robert (1965).
2362:Filipino martial artists
2206:were fought between the
2175:The Portuguese traveler
1701:German school of fencing
1691:, the duel was known as
1651:William Pitt the Younger
1262:Offence and satisfaction
163:The duel was based on a
6786:Former official sports
6214:Northern Praying Mantis
5789:Mainland Southeast Asia
5570:Encyclopædia Britannica
5448:, Irina Reyfman (1999).
5311:15 (Spring 1995): 1–23.
4931:. Cambridge University.
4129:"Eccentric medical men"
3875:"Two Duel, Both Unhurt"
3826:"People: Apr. 28, 1967"
3747:"Duel With Wax Bullets"
2890:Hoptin (2011), pp.26-27
2839:April 22, 2006, at the
2670:Englund, Peter (2000).
1872:Fernando Belaúnde Terry
1822:in 1837. His successor
1552:In 1777, at the Summer
1535:Charles 4th Baron Mohun
1130:, state members of the
1103:authorities persecuted
980:James Stuart of Dunearn
921:Irish political leader
882:New York Sunday Mercury
339:
333:
327:
321:
272:all shown wearing full
103:, wood-engraving after
6625:Professional wrestling
6292:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
5600:Encyclopedia Americana
5573:(11th ed.). 1911.
5465:Marek Żukow-Karczewski
5454:, Stephen Banks (2010)
5392:, Thomas Gamble (1923)
5382:. (1884); reissued as
5338:Wyatt-Brown, Bertram.
5331:Wyatt-Brown, Bertram.
5004:George Mathew (1989).
4776:"The General Massacre"
4272:. Mercier Press. p.198
4195:. Chapman & Hall.
3947:Wyatt-Brown, Bertram.
3705:Law and History Review
3640:. 2014. Archived from
3330:10.3201/eid1409.086672
3236:"Smithsonian Magazine"
2737:"The Death of Dueling"
2299:
2230:, dueling is known as
2064:. Settlements such as
1990:
1958:Jackson–Dickinson duel
1940:
1929:
1897:A senator, and future
1791:
1593:
1455:Baldassare Castiglione
1419:". In the instance of
1415:
1406:
1385:
1354:
1336:
1166:
1142:From 1921 until 1992,
1095:
1081:
1071:
811:, later to serve as a
774:
723:and the states of the
678:
572:, particularly in the
535:
496:utilitarian philosophy
395:
277:
253:
238:
114:
6721:Demonstration sports
5585:Catholic Encyclopedia
5544:Texts on Wikisource:
5293:10.3138/chr-076-04-01
5179:, Oxford: Shire, 2012
4252:Gwynn, Denis (1947).
4088:Kinard, Jeff (2003).
3936:Tudor-era tournaments
3860:, 28 November 2011. (
3811:i, 13 November 1949,
3062:Cassidy, William L.,
2783:. PBS. Archived from
2770:(2007) 2#1, pp 27–44.
2290:
2259:community was called
2092:on June 13, 1833, in
1935:
1924:
1886:José Batlle y Ordóñez
1778:
1734:from c. 1600, and as
1689:Early New High German
1612:Dead (and gone) Shots
1515:Court of Star Chamber
1375:
1164:
1082:Reichsstrafgesetzbuch
764:
743:. Even in the South,
672:
643:James Alexander Seton
526:German students of a
525:
393:
266:Challenge of Barletta
259:
246:Minamoto no Yoshihira
244:
232:
223:Further information:
196:Eastern United States
99:
32:Duel (disambiguation)
6981:Martial arts at the
6936:Martial arts at the
6866:Martial arts at the
6821:Martial arts at the
6801:Invitational sports
6751:Martial arts at the
6672:Martial arts at the
6594:Pencak Silat Harimau
6432:Pencak Silat Harimau
6364:Submission wrestling
6069:Luta Livre esportiva
5359:(Stephen Banks) 2012
4692:DeArment, Robert K.
4598:The Story of My Life
4078:Hoptin (2011), p. 82
4069:Hoptin (2011), p. 81
4046:Hoptin (2011), p. 80
3916:Presumably based on
3854:"Los Últimos Duelos"
3624:, December 15, 2020.
3556:"A Duel with Rifles"
3280:. Chapman & Hall
2811:Smithsonian Magazine
2214:warriors trained in
1608:last duel in England
1460:Libro del Cortegiano
1196:1908 Summer Olympics
1151:Pistol sport dueling
1065:outlawed dueling in
838:In 1827, during the
624:7th Earl of Cardigan
512:abolition of slavery
421:Louis XIII of France
398:The first published
30:For other uses, see
18:Duelist (occupation)
6662:International games
6344:Full contact karate
6334:Professional boxing
6049:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
5408:The Duel: A History
5384:Duelling in America
5225:Freeman, Joanne B.
5097:. Marcialtirada.net
4942:M.L. Dames (1918).
3756:. February 26, 1909
3560:Library of Congress
3018:"Essay on Duelling"
2428:Gladiatorial combat
2181:Vijayanagara Empire
1674:fought a duel with
1663:fought a duel with
1653:fought a duel with
1643:fought a duel with
1519:Earl of Northampton
1273:Bertram Wyatt-Brown
786:, in which notable
659:Emmanuel Barthélemy
585:continental nations
262:Disfida di Barletta
6824:Pan American Games
6501:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu
6412:Jieitaikakutōjutsu
6349:Mixed martial arts
5380:Benjamin C. Truman
5377:The Field of Honor
5357:Duels and Duelling
5324:Williams, Jack K.
5193:King's Law Journal
5177:Duels and Duelling
4752:McGrath, Roger D.
4740:Legends of America
4643:History Detectives
4576:on October 6, 2016
4497:. 26 January 2024.
4285:All the year round
3960:Lynn, p. 255, 257.
3754:The New York Times
3622:The New York Times
3088:Arkansas Toothpick
2520:2013-01-01 at the
2484:Hopton, pp.173-174
2300:
2277:sitobo lalang lipa
2261:sitobo lalang lipa
2128:Eastern traditions
1954:Burr–Hamilton duel
1941:
1930:
1899:President of Chile
1792:
1672:Duke of Wellington
1621:All the Year Round
1439:Western traditions
1421:Richard Brocklesby
1386:
1309:Hamilton–Burr duel
1212:After World War II
1167:
1096:Pastoralis officii
833:Thomas Hart Benton
819:and to become the
795:Alexander Hamilton
784:Burr–Hamilton duel
775:
767:Alexander Hamilton
679:
675:Alexander Hamilton
543:Alexander Hamilton
536:
396:
278:
254:
250:Taira no Shigemori
239:
200:American Civil War
192:Continental Europe
115:
7071:
7070:
7039:
7038:
7035:
7034:
6652:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6615:Martial arts film
5640:Christopher Smart
5257:978-0-7499-2996-1
5219:Cramer, Clayton.
5167:Baldick, Robert.
5017:978-81-7022-282-8
4984:978-90-04-04510-1
4806:978-0-8032-6561-5
4474:978-1-55022-501-3
4238:978-1-4191-5704-2
4202:978-0-600-32837-7
3778:Popular Mechanics
3605:wvlegislature.gov
3506:Horst Krutschinna
3469:R. E. Oakeshott,
3412:Anderson, William
3366:978-0-8476-8227-0
3151:978-0-671-72365-1
3080:978-0-87364-029-9
3016:(February 1817).
2999:978-1-4408-5486-6
2681:978-91-7486-999-6
2332:dueled his rival
2202:, duels known as
2062:Burton C. Mossman
2018:American frontier
1824:Mikhail Lermontov
1816:Alexander Pushkin
1781:Alexander Pushkin
1537:were killed in a
1416:methodus pugnandi
1334:To the death (or
1239:French Parliament
1132:Electoral College
1093:in the encyclica
984:Alexander Boswell
958:Otto von Bismarck
936:Alexander Pushkin
860:, at the time an
825:Charles Dickinson
821:seventh president
687:George Washington
683:Benjamin Franklin
457:Enlightenment era
406:Renaissance Italy
379:During the early
371:, meaning 'war'.
361:Holy Roman Empire
188:Thirty Years' War
184:Holy Roman Empire
94:
93:
86:
16:(Redirected from
7091:
7061:
7060:
7051:
6669:
6658:
5730:
5719:
5671:
5664:
5657:
5648:
5604:
5595:Duel and Dueling
5589:
5574:
5559:
5543:
5530:John Lyde Wilson
5371:John Lyde Wilson
5304:
5261:
5184:Banks, Stephen.
5174:Banks, Stephen.
5155:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5074:
5067:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5048:978-979-949267-8
5034:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4955:
4947:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4924:
4918:
4917:
4909:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4863:
4861:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4832:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4796:The Cattle Towns
4790:
4784:
4783:
4771:
4765:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4710:
4704:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4634:
4628:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4605:. pp. 88–99
4592:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4563:
4557:
4550:
4544:
4539:R David Finzer.
4537:
4531:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4412:
4406:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4373:Adamiec, Marek.
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4351:. Archived from
4320:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4279:
4273:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4255:Daniel O'Connell
4249:
4243:
4242:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4186:
4180:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4125:
4114:
4113:
4085:
4079:
4076:
4070:
4067:
4061:
4058:
4047:
4044:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4025:
4019:. Archived from
4018:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4002:on May 25, 2010.
3998:. Archived from
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3952:
3945:
3939:
3938:from the 1540s.
3914:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3871:
3865:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:on June 29, 2011
3822:
3816:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3751:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3700:
3689:
3688:
3687:. 10 March 2023.
3681:
3675:
3674:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3646:
3639:
3631:
3625:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3562:. July 17, 2013.
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3528:
3522:
3515:
3509:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3480:
3474:
3467:
3461:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3324:(9): 1480–1481.
3314:"Rudolf Virchow"
3309:
3303:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3232:
3223:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3139:
3126:
3120:
3110:
3104:
3097:
3091:
3060:
3051:
3050:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3010:
3004:
3003:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2960:
2951:
2950:
2942:
2936:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2854:
2843:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2813:. Archived from
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2777:
2771:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2748:
2742:. Archived from
2741:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2715:Internet Archive
2704:
2695:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2667:
2661:
2650:
2644:
2637:
2631:
2617:
2611:
2596:
2587:
2586:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2525:
2507:
2498:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2401:Champion warfare
2330:Miyamoto Musashi
2320:
2318:
2317:
2311:
2293:Miyamoto Musashi
2247:
2118:Stuart Donaldson
1926:Wild Bill Hickok
1903:Salvador Allende
1828:Nikolai Martynov
1820:Georges d'Anthès
1785:Georges d'Anthès
1665:Lord Castlereagh
1597:Daniel O'Connell
1562:County Tipperary
1531:Duke of Hamilton
1507:Edward Sackville
1418:
1409:
1359:
1339:
1116:Washington, D.C.
1105:academic fencing
1098:
1084:
1074:
1052:Bronze Age sword
1027:By the start of
946:Georges d'Anthès
923:Daniel O'Connell
900:On 30 May 1832,
663:Englefield Green
445:County Tipperary
342:
336:
330:
324:
89:
82:
78:
75:
69:
45:
44:
37:
21:
7099:
7098:
7094:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7089:
7088:
7074:
7073:
7072:
7067:
7031:
6982:
6976:
6937:
6931:
6867:
6861:
6822:
6816:
6752:
6746:
6675:Summer Olympics
6673:
6663:
6644:
6598:
6530:
6468:
6382:
6373:
6324:
6315:
6273:
6269:Yoshukai Karate
6229:Shaolin kung fu
6145:
6030:
6006:Practice weapon
5982:
5925:
5815:
5808:
5734:Regional origin
5724:
5713:
5680:
5675:
5630:Charles Dickens
5625:Sketches by Boz
5592:
5577:
5562:
5547:
5535:
5482:
5461:
5459:Further reading
5352:
5317:Steward, Dick.
5278:
5271:Kevin McAleer.
5258:
5245:
5164:
5159:
5158:
5149:
5147:
5134:
5133:
5129:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5100:
5098:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5065:
5061:
5060:
5056:
5049:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4948:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4911:
4910:
4903:
4893:
4891:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4859:
4857:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4830:
4828:
4827:. June 13, 2014
4819:
4818:
4814:
4807:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4780:American Cowboy
4773:
4772:
4768:
4751:
4747:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4719:
4717:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4691:
4687:
4677:
4675:
4674:. 12 March 2010
4666:
4665:
4661:
4652:
4650:
4636:
4635:
4631:
4622:
4618:
4608:
4606:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4579:
4577:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4551:
4547:
4538:
4534:
4525:
4521:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4460:
4459:
4455:
4446:
4444:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4421:
4419:
4414:
4413:
4409:
4397:
4393:
4384:
4382:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4358:
4356:
4341:10.2307/1571456
4322:
4321:
4317:
4308:
4306:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4267:
4263:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4239:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4159:John of Legnano
4156:
4152:
4142:
4140:
4127:
4126:
4117:
4102:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4068:
4064:
4059:
4050:
4045:
4038:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4007:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3980:
3978:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3959:
3955:
3946:
3942:
3927:Orlando Furioso
3915:
3911:
3902:
3900:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3852:
3848:
3839:
3837:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3806:
3802:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3702:
3701:
3692:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3616:
3612:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3585:
3583:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3540:
3538:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3516:
3512:
3499:
3495:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3473:(1980), p. 255.
3468:
3464:
3455:
3451:
3443:
3439:
3427:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3297:
3293:
3283:
3281:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3245:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3226:
3221:Wayback Machine
3213:
3209:
3200:
3198:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3175:
3173:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3152:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3117:Civil War Times
3111:
3107:
3098:
3094:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2962:
2961:
2954:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2929:
2925:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2867:
2865:
2856:
2855:
2846:
2841:Wayback Machine
2833:
2829:
2820:
2818:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2790:
2788:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2765:
2761:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2706:
2705:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2651:
2647:
2638:
2634:
2618:
2614:
2597:
2590:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2535:
2528:
2522:Wayback Machine
2508:
2501:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2445:Trial by combat
2423:Duelling pistol
2417:Julie d'Aubigny
2382:
2342:
2312:
2285:
2240:Madurese people
2224:
2135:
2130:
2114:Thomas Mitchell
2106:
2078:
2034:Western stories
1919:
1845:
1840:
1773:
1764:
1744:
1685:
1676:Lord Winchilsea
1630:
1616:Charles Dickens
1556:in the town of
1539:celebrated duel
1451:
1446:
1441:
1370:
1322:
1304:
1297:
1264:
1259:
1227:Gaston Defferre
1204:
1192:
1190:Olympic dueling
1186:
1184:Olympic dueling
1159:
1153:
1067:Austria-Hungary
1060:
1044:Ewart Oakeshott
1022:
997:
976:
954:
932:
919:
906:Évariste Galois
891:
858:Abraham Lincoln
813:General Officer
780:
759:
753:
613:Anglican Church
589:dueling pistols
562:Stephen Decatur
520:
453:
439:in the town of
377:
367:, cognate with
357:Lateran Council
353:judicial combat
349:Catholic Church
252:(Japan in 1159)
227:
221:
216:
110:Harper's Weekly
105:Godefroy Durand
90:
79:
73:
70:
56:Please help by
55:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7097:
7095:
7087:
7086:
7076:
7075:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7065:
7055:
7044:
7041:
7040:
7037:
7036:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6988:
6986:
6984:European Games
6978:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6943:
6941:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6929:
6928:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6873:
6871:
6863:
6862:
6860:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6828:
6826:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6807:
6799:
6798:
6797:
6792:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6758:
6756:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6730:Pistol dueling
6727:
6719:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6679:
6677:
6665:
6664:
6661:
6654:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6612:
6606:
6604:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6559:Huiyen Lallong
6556:
6551:
6546:
6540:
6538:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6516:Shorinji Kempo
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6486:American Kenpo
6482:
6480:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6435:
6434:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6388:
6386:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6330:
6328:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6313:
6306:
6301:
6294:
6289:
6283:
6281:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6219:Russian boxing
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6155:
6153:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6051:
6046:
6040:
6038:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5992:
5990:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5980:
5979:
5978:
5973:
5966:Ranged weapons
5963:
5962:
5961:
5956:
5954:Stick-fighting
5951:
5949:Knife fighting
5941:
5935:
5933:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5923:
5918:
5917:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5820:
5818:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5738:
5736:
5726:
5725:
5723:Classification
5722:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5689:List of styles
5685:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5666:
5659:
5651:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5632:
5616:
5605:
5590:
5575:
5560:
5533:
5532:
5523:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5495:
5488:
5481:
5480:External links
5478:
5477:
5476:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5449:
5443:
5425:
5415:
5412:Robert Baldick
5405:
5399:
5393:
5387:
5374:
5362:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5343:
5336:
5329:
5328:(1980) (1999),
5322:
5315:
5312:
5305:
5287:(4): 529–562.
5276:
5269:
5264:Kelly, James.
5262:
5256:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5230:
5223:
5217:
5210:
5203:
5196:
5189:
5182:
5172:
5163:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5127:
5107:
5086:
5054:
5047:
5029:
5016:
4996:
4983:
4963:
4934:
4927:Roy, Kaushik.
4919:
4901:
4871:
4841:
4812:
4805:
4785:
4766:
4762:978-0520060265
4745:
4727:
4705:
4702:978-0806140766
4685:
4659:
4629:
4616:
4587:
4558:
4545:
4532:
4526:Marc Mancini,
4519:
4500:
4486:
4473:
4453:
4428:
4407:
4391:
4365:
4315:
4291:
4274:
4261:
4244:
4237:
4215:
4201:
4181:
4150:
4115:
4100:
4080:
4071:
4062:
4048:
4036:
4005:
3987:
3962:
3953:
3940:
3909:
3884:
3866:
3846:
3817:
3800:
3784:
3767:
3738:
3717:10.2307/744132
3711:(2): 311–341.
3690:
3676:
3658:
3626:
3610:
3592:
3565:
3547:
3536:memory.loc.gov
3523:
3510:
3493:
3475:
3462:
3449:
3437:
3403:
3388:Buchan, George
3379:
3365:
3345:
3304:
3298:Dennis Gywnn,
3291:
3266:
3252:
3224:
3207:
3182:
3157:
3150:
3130:Carnegie, Dale
3121:
3105:
3092:
3052:
3045:
3027:
3005:
2998:
2980:
2968:Executed Today
2952:
2937:
2923:
2908:
2892:
2883:
2874:
2844:
2827:
2797:
2772:
2759:
2728:
2696:
2687:
2680:
2662:
2658:Hans Talhoffer
2654:MS Thott 290 2
2645:
2639:Hubbard, Ben.
2632:
2629:978-1843835967
2612:
2608:978-0195131956
2588:
2561:(4): 779–796.
2541:
2526:
2524:(pp. 327–333).
2499:
2486:
2477:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2381:
2378:
2374:Zamboanga City
2341:
2338:
2284:
2281:
2223:
2220:
2192:Chainarol-Puya
2177:Duarte Barbosa
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2105:
2102:
2077:
2074:
2044:. Gunfighters
2032:story in most
1973:South Carolina
1965:J. Marion Sims
1918:
1915:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1832:Russian Empire
1772:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1748:Ionian Islands
1743:
1740:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1668:
1661:George Canning
1658:
1655:George Tierney
1648:
1629:
1626:
1477:Medieval Latin
1465:Girolamo Muzio
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1369:
1366:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1332:
1329:
1321:
1318:
1301:Field of Honor
1296:
1295:Field of honor
1293:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1203:
1202:Late survivals
1200:
1188:Main article:
1185:
1182:
1157:Pistol dueling
1155:Main article:
1152:
1149:
1059:
1056:
1021:
1018:
996:
993:
975:
972:
962:Rudolf Virchow
956:In the 1860s,
953:
950:
931:
928:
918:
915:
904:mathematician
890:
887:
809:Andrew Jackson
779:
776:
755:Main article:
752:
749:
745:public opinion
617:non-conformist
605:Queen Victoria
547:Vice President
532:Georg Mühlberg
528:Burschenschaft
519:
518:Modern history
516:
500:Jeremy Bentham
465:civil behavior
452:
449:
376:
373:
235:Sachsenspiegel
220:
217:
215:
212:
208:state capacity
140:and later the
130:single combats
113:(January 1875)
92:
91:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7096:
7085:
7082:
7081:
7079:
7064:
7056:
7054:
7050:
7046:
7045:
7042:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6985:
6979:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6942:
6940:
6939:African Games
6934:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6870:
6864:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6825:
6819:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6759:
6757:
6755:
6749:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6676:
6670:
6666:
6659:
6655:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6620:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6610:Fighting game
6608:
6607:
6605:
6603:Entertainment
6601:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6574:Krabi–krabong
6572:
6570:
6569:Kalaripayattu
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6537:
6533:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6479:
6475:
6471:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6380:
6376:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6359:Shootfighting
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6326:combat sports
6322:
6318:
6312:
6311:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6299:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6284:
6282:
6280:
6276:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6254:Tien Shan Pai
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6179:Choi Kwang-Do
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6152:
6148:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6059:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6037:
6033:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6016:Pushing hands
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5967:
5964:
5960:
5959:Swordsmanship
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5945:
5944:Melee weapons
5942:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5932:
5928:
5922:
5919:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5887:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5811:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5727:
5720:
5716:
5710:
5709:Hard and soft
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5683:
5679:
5672:
5667:
5665:
5660:
5658:
5653:
5652:
5649:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5621:
5617:
5615:
5614:Anton Chekhov
5611:
5610:
5606:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5572:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5557:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5545:
5542:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5479:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5458:
5453:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5440:1-84195-647-3
5437:
5433:
5432:James Landale
5429:
5426:
5423:
5422:Paul Kirchner
5419:
5416:
5413:
5409:
5406:
5403:
5400:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5378:
5375:
5372:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5353:
5350:Popular works
5349:
5344:
5341:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5320:
5316:
5313:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5277:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5253:
5249:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5211:
5208:
5204:
5201:
5197:
5194:
5190:
5187:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5173:
5170:
5166:
5165:
5161:
5146:on 2016-07-01
5145:
5141:
5137:
5131:
5128:
5117:
5111:
5108:
5096:
5090:
5087:
5075:on 2014-06-06
5071:
5064:
5058:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5040:
5033:
5030:
5019:
5013:
5009:
5008:
5000:
4997:
4986:
4980:
4976:
4975:
4967:
4964:
4959:
4953:
4945:
4938:
4935:
4930:
4923:
4920:
4915:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4875:
4872:
4868:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4842:
4838:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4813:
4808:
4802:
4798:
4797:
4789:
4786:
4781:
4777:
4770:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4746:
4741:
4737:
4731:
4728:
4715:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4686:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4660:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4617:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4591:
4588:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4562:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4536:
4533:
4529:
4523:
4520:
4515:
4511:
4504:
4501:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4476:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4457:
4454:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4429:
4417:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4404:5-7905-1634-3
4401:
4395:
4392:
4381:on 2010-03-29
4380:
4376:
4369:
4366:
4355:on 2012-06-29
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4319:
4316:
4304:
4303:
4295:
4292:
4287:
4286:
4278:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4257:
4256:
4248:
4245:
4240:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4219:
4216:
4204:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4101:1-85109-475-X
4097:
4093:
4092:
4084:
4081:
4075:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4026:on 2014-09-04
4022:
4015:
4014:"Code duello"
4009:
4006:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3988:
3977:on 2012-01-27
3976:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3899:on 2010-12-16
3898:
3894:
3888:
3885:
3880:
3879:Reading Eagle
3876:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3847:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3796:
3795:
3788:
3785:
3780:
3779:
3771:
3768:
3755:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3647:on 2019-04-28
3643:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3582:on 2016-10-06
3581:
3577:
3576:
3569:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3502:Roland Strunk
3497:
3494:
3489:
3488:newadvent.org
3485:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3433:public domain
3423:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3368:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3349:
3346:
3340:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3279:
3278:
3270:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3242:on 2014-01-07
3241:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3197:on 2010-07-04
3196:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3172:on 2010-06-11
3171:
3167:
3161:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3072:0-87364-029-2
3069:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3046:0-8057-7230-8
3042:
3038:
3031:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2981:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2919:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2896:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2864:on 2011-07-26
2863:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2817:on 2014-01-07
2816:
2812:
2808:
2801:
2798:
2787:on 2012-11-11
2786:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2749:on 2014-01-07
2745:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2694:Lynn, p. 257.
2691:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2509:Franz Liszt,
2506:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2475:Hopton, p.182
2472:
2469:
2462:
2458:
2457:Mutual combat
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:Single combat
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2386:List of duels
2384:
2383:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2334:Sasaki Kojiro
2331:
2326:
2324:
2310:
2305:
2298:
2297:Sasaki Kojirō
2294:
2289:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2216:Kalaripayattu
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2155:Dharmashastra
2150:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2058:Hugh Anderson
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1923:
1917:United States
1916:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1877:
1876:David Waisman
1873:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1849:South America
1843:Latin America
1842:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1790:
1789:Adrian Volkov
1786:
1782:
1777:
1770:
1768:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1511:Francis Bacon
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1425:Mark Akenside
1422:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1383:
1379:
1378:Eugene Onegin
1374:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1351:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1312:sobering up.
1310:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1268:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:mutual combat
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1191:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1163:
1158:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1124:West Virginia
1121:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1091:Pope Leo XIII
1088:
1087:German Empire
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1033:Western world
1030:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
994:
992:
989:
988:George Buchan
985:
981:
978:In Scotland,
973:
971:
969:
968:
963:
959:
951:
949:
947:
943:
942:
941:Eugene Onegin
937:
929:
927:
924:
916:
914:
912:
907:
903:
898:
895:
888:
886:
884:
883:
878:
873:
871:
870:James Shields
867:
863:
859:
856:
851:
849:
845:
841:
840:Sandbar Fight
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
805:
803:
800:
796:
793:
789:
785:
778:United States
777:
772:
768:
763:
758:
757:List of duels
750:
748:
746:
742:
737:
735:
730:
726:
725:Old Southwest
722:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
694:
692:
688:
684:
676:
671:
667:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
639:
637:
636:
631:
630:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
609:Lord Cardigan
606:
602:
598:
593:
590:
586:
582:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
548:
544:
541:
533:
529:
524:
517:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
492:
490:
486:
482:
481:police forces
478:
477:industrialize
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
450:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
402:
392:
388:
386:
382:
374:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
341:
335:
329:
323:
318:
314:
312:
308:
303:
299:
298:
294:
290:
289:judicial duel
287:
283:
275:
271:
267:
263:
258:
251:
247:
243:
236:
231:
226:
225:Single combat
218:
213:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
174:
173:upper classes
170:
166:
165:code of honor
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
124:
120:
112:
111:
106:
102:
98:
88:
85:
77:
67:
63:
59:
53:
50:This article
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
6920:Pencak silat
6630:Stage combat
6584:Mardani khel
6506:Jeet Kune Do
6464:Silat Melayu
6427:Pencak silat
6379:Self-defense
6321:Full contact
6308:
6296:
6234:Shoot boxing
6174:Chess boxing
6074:Malla-yuddha
6011:Punching bag
6001:Boxing glove
5938:
5858:Leg strikes
5837:Elbow strike
5823:Arm strikes
5678:Martial arts
5624:
5608:
5598:
5583:
5568:
5553:
5534:
5502:
5468:
5451:
5445:
5427:
5417:
5414:(1965, 1996)
5407:
5401:
5395:
5389:
5383:
5376:
5364:
5356:
5339:
5332:
5325:
5318:
5308:
5284:
5280:
5272:
5265:
5247:
5233:
5226:
5220:
5213:
5206:
5199:
5192:
5185:
5176:
5168:
5148:. Retrieved
5144:the original
5139:
5130:
5119:. Retrieved
5110:
5099:. Retrieved
5089:
5077:. Retrieved
5070:the original
5057:
5038:
5032:
5021:. Retrieved
5006:
4999:
4988:. Retrieved
4973:
4966:
4943:
4937:
4928:
4922:
4913:
4892:. Retrieved
4884:
4874:
4865:
4858:. Retrieved
4853:
4844:
4836:
4829:. Retrieved
4815:
4795:
4788:
4779:
4769:
4753:
4748:
4739:
4730:
4718:. Retrieved
4708:
4693:
4688:
4676:. Retrieved
4671:
4662:
4651:. Retrieved
4641:
4632:
4624:
4619:
4607:. Retrieved
4597:
4590:
4578:. Retrieved
4574:the original
4568:
4561:
4552:
4548:
4540:
4535:
4527:
4522:
4514:The Guardian
4513:
4503:
4489:
4478:. Retrieved
4463:
4456:
4445:. Retrieved
4443:. 2002-09-26
4440:
4431:
4420:. Retrieved
4410:
4394:
4383:. Retrieved
4379:the original
4368:
4357:. Retrieved
4353:the original
4332:
4328:
4318:
4307:. Retrieved
4301:
4294:
4284:
4277:
4269:
4264:
4254:
4247:
4228:
4218:
4206:. Retrieved
4191:
4184:
4176:
4169:
4162:
4153:
4141:. Retrieved
4136:
4132:
4090:
4083:
4074:
4065:
4028:. Retrieved
4021:the original
4008:
4000:the original
3990:
3979:. Retrieved
3975:the original
3965:
3956:
3948:
3943:
3925:
3912:
3901:. Retrieved
3897:the original
3887:
3878:
3869:
3857:
3849:
3838:. Retrieved
3834:the original
3829:
3820:
3808:
3803:
3793:
3787:
3776:
3770:
3758:. Retrieved
3753:
3741:
3708:
3704:
3679:
3670:
3661:
3649:. Retrieved
3642:the original
3629:
3621:
3613:
3604:
3595:
3584:. Retrieved
3580:the original
3574:
3568:
3550:
3539:. Retrieved
3535:
3526:
3513:
3496:
3487:
3478:
3470:
3465:
3457:
3452:
3444:
3440:
3424:, et passim.
3416:
3406:
3392:
3382:
3370:. Retrieved
3355:
3348:
3321:
3317:
3307:
3299:
3294:
3282:. Retrieved
3276:
3269:
3255:
3244:. Retrieved
3240:the original
3210:
3199:. Retrieved
3195:the original
3185:
3174:. Retrieved
3170:the original
3160:
3135:
3124:
3116:
3108:
3100:
3095:
3087:
3083:
3063:
3036:
3030:
3021:
3008:
2989:
2983:
2971:. Retrieved
2967:
2946:
2940:
2930:
2926:
2918:The Examiner
2917:
2911:
2901:
2895:
2886:
2877:
2866:. Retrieved
2862:the original
2830:
2819:. Retrieved
2815:the original
2810:
2800:
2789:. Retrieved
2785:the original
2775:
2767:
2762:
2751:. Retrieved
2744:the original
2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2709:
2690:
2671:
2665:
2653:
2648:
2640:
2635:
2620:
2615:
2599:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2510:
2494:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2391:Battle royal
2370:
2366:
2357:
2349:
2343:
2327:
2321:) among the
2301:
2276:
2260:
2250:
2231:
2225:
2212:Ankachekavar
2211:
2198:In medieval
2197:
2191:
2185:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2151:
2146:
2138:
2136:
2107:
2098:Lower Canada
2082:Upper Canada
2079:
2050:Tom Carberry
2015:
2007:
2002:
1999:Bowie knives
1994:
1991:
1986:scapegoating
1970:
1962:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1911:
1896:
1890:
1880:
1869:
1862:
1856:
1846:
1813:
1805:dueling code
1795:
1793:
1765:
1757:
1745:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1709:Dardi school
1697:Kampffechten
1696:
1692:
1686:
1631:
1619:
1611:
1605:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1551:
1546:
1543:
1523:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1452:
1412:
1402:barrier duel
1401:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1362:
1347:
1337:à l'outrance
1323:
1314:
1305:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1247:
1243:Enrique Erro
1235:René Ribière
1216:
1205:
1193:
1179:
1168:
1141:
1113:
1089:after 1871.
1072:Duellmandate
1061:
1037:
1026:
1023:
998:
977:
965:
955:
939:
933:
920:
911:urban legend
899:
896:
892:
880:
874:
852:
837:
806:
781:
738:
728:
718:
713:
709:
701:
695:
680:
653:to occur in
640:
635:The Examiner
633:
627:
621:
594:
578:
537:
508:Clapham Sect
493:
485:middle class
473:
454:
430:
414:
399:
397:
378:
368:
364:
346:
309:
295:
279:
274:plate armour
261:
234:
177:
162:
132:fought with
127:
118:
116:
108:
100:
80:
74:January 2023
71:
58:spinning off
51:
6869:Asian Games
6754:World Games
6716:Greco-Roman
6536:Battlefield
6496:Chun Kuk Do
6439:Suffrajitsu
6249:Tang Soo Do
6124:Greco-Roman
5877:Knee strike
5794:Philippines
5475:, 2204, 17.
4854:The Gazette
4609:October 20,
4467:ECW Press.
4165:, cited by
3760:24 December
3671:Ballotpedia
3460:. New York.
3372:27 February
3022:The Portico
2411:Code duello
2396:Blood sport
2340:Philippines
2169:Mahabharata
2147:yuddha-dhan
2090:Robert Lyon
2086:John Wilson
2022:code duello
1977:New Orleans
1907:Raúl Rettig
1753:neckerchief
1705:plate armor
1527:Restoration
1433:Lord Talbot
1429:John Wilkes
1368:Pistol duel
1356:code duello
1285:code duello
1198:in London.
1171:wax bullets
1136:Mississippi
1120:U.S. states
1101:West German
1058:Legislation
1040:dress sword
1029:World War I
1009:John Wilson
1007:challenged
1005:Robert Lyon
967:Trichinella
844:James Bowie
829:John Sevier
790:and former
773:, July 1804
649:. However,
538:The former
534:(1863–1925)
504:Evangelical
417:aristocracy
410:Renaissance
401:code duello
381:Renaissance
311:pas d'armes
142:small sword
6911:2018 Only
6772:Kickboxing
6526:Qwan Ki Do
6454:To-Shin Do
6384:combatives
6354:Pankration
6339:Kickboxing
6310:Xingyiquan
6298:Baguazhang
6264:Wudangquan
6194:Kickboxing
6089:Shuai jiao
5899:Joint lock
5816:techniques
5150:2012-10-22
5121:2012-10-22
5101:2012-10-22
5023:2007-12-28
4990:2007-12-28
4720:October 4,
4653:2012-07-22
4480:2010-05-30
4447:2010-05-30
4422:2012-10-22
4385:2010-05-30
4359:2021-10-07
4309:2021-10-07
4225:"Appendix"
4173:3. Duellum
4030:2014-05-17
3981:2012-10-22
3903:2010-05-30
3862:Translated
3840:2010-05-30
3586:2016-07-29
3541:2016-07-29
3246:2010-05-30
3201:2010-05-30
3176:2010-05-30
3014:Neal, John
2973:25 October
2868:2010-05-30
2821:2012-10-22
2791:2012-10-22
2753:2014-01-07
2463:References
2433:Gunfighter
2358:huego-todo
2304:Edo period
2070:Dodge City
2030:gunfighter
2026:quick draw
1963:Physician
1404:or a duel
1382:Ilya Repin
1320:Conditions
1307:where the
1267:offender.
877:Mark Twain
866:legislator
802:Aaron Burr
788:Federalist
771:Aaron Burr
566:midshipmen
550:Aaron Burr
461:politeness
293:Viking Age
62:relocating
7027:Wrestling
7022:Taekwondo
6972:Wrestling
6967:Taekwondo
6902:Wrestling
6897:Taekwondo
6857:Wrestling
6852:Taekwondo
6795:Taekwondo
6777:Muay Thai
6712:freestyle
6708:Wrestling
6703:Taekwondo
6579:Krav Maga
6491:Angampora
6459:Wing Chun
6417:Krav Maga
6407:Kajukenbo
6369:Vale Tudo
6244:Taekwondo
6209:Muay Thai
6199:Kun Khmer
6129:Mongolian
6119:freestyle
6099:Wrestling
6058:Para judo
6036:Grappling
5889:Grappling
5827:Chokehold
5757:Indonesia
5301:162014999
4952:cite book
4946:. London.
4678:3 January
3733:144994172
3037:John Neal
2932:The Times
2652:In 1459 (
2583:226195079
2575:0147-5967
2222:Indonesia
2186:Duels in
2162:Manusmṛti
2143:kshatriya
2137:Duels or
2104:Australia
2066:Tombstone
1981:Tennessee
1853:Argentina
1722:The term
1713:bourgeois
1578:Roscommon
1525:with the
1469:Il Duello
1407:à volonté
1229:insulted
1223:Socialist
1109:Göttingen
1063:Charles I
855:President
835:in 1813.
817:U.S. Army
741:Civil War
706:Baltimore
702:Keep Cool
698:John Neal
629:The Times
601:cashiered
558:U.S. Navy
554:Civil War
425:Louis XIV
385:gentleman
317:hastilude
307:chivalric
7078:Category
7012:Muaythai
6762:Ju-jitsu
6635:Tricking
6619:Chanbara
6521:Unifight
6474:Eclectic
6449:Taekkyon
6397:Bartitsu
6279:Internal
6169:Capoeira
6151:Striking
6079:Pehlwani
6026:Sparring
5988:Training
5976:Shooting
5921:Stand-up
5909:Takedown
5862:Footwork
5852:Headbutt
5814:Unarmed
5699:Timeline
5609:The Duel
5473:Przekrój
5467:(1987),
5434:(2005).
5209:528–558.
5195:575–594.
5140:Sun.Star
4885:ABC News
4860:June 13,
4831:June 13,
4580:July 28,
4530:, p. 236
4441:BBC News
4208:19 April
4167:du Cange
4163:De Bello
4143:19 April
4110:60395313
3922:chivalry
3918:romantic
3651:28 April
3390:(1823).
3284:19 April
3217:Archived
3132:(1982).
3119:magazine
2837:Archived
2518:Archived
2439:Holmgang
2380:See also
2257:Makassar
2208:Chekavar
2139:niyuddha
2112:between
2046:Jim Levy
2011:Kentucky
1956:and the
1838:Americas
1717:students
1350:deloping
1231:Gaullist
1128:Kentucky
974:Scotland
862:Illinois
710:Randolph
570:chivalry
469:violence
297:holmgang
286:medieval
169:nobility
158:shooting
7084:Dueling
7063:Outline
6997:Fencing
6952:Fencing
6887:Jujutsu
6837:Fencing
6688:Fencing
6564:Jujutsu
6549:Bokator
6544:Banshay
6478:hybrids
6444:Systema
6402:Hapkido
6304:Tai chi
6259:Vovinam
6204:Lethwei
6109:Cornish
6064:Jujutsu
6021:Randori
5971:Archery
5931:Weapons
5804:Vietnam
5777:Okinawa
5767:Ireland
5762:Italian
5704:Records
5694:History
5603:. 1920.
5558:. 1905.
5550:Dueling
5505:: 1–35.
5494:" mimeo
5386:(1993).
5342:(1982),
5321:(2000),
5202:87–106.
5162:Sources
4867:Canada.
4556:253-254
4349:1571456
3858:LaRed21
3339:2603088
2721:29 June
2346:Visayas
2325:class.
2323:samurai
2236:celurit
2188:Manipur
2120:(later
2088:killed
2055:cowboys
1891:El País
1882:Uruguay
1864:facones
1858:gauchos
1801:Peter I
1746:In the
1732:duellum
1582:Ireland
1558:Clonmel
1554:assizes
1499:James I
1480:duellum
1237:at the
1233:Deputy
1144:Uruguay
1085:of the
1077:Prussia
1001:Ontario
952:Germany
917:Ireland
815:in the
729:dueling
655:England
647:Gosport
581:England
441:Clonmel
437:assizes
433:Ireland
365:duellum
282:Western
270:knights
214:History
154:Fencing
150:pistols
146:England
123:weapons
7053:Portal
7007:Karate
6992:Boxing
6962:Karate
6947:Boxing
6915:Kurash
6892:Karate
6877:Boxing
6847:Karate
6832:Boxing
6805:Aikido
6767:Karate
6740:Savate
6698:Karate
6683:Boxing
6511:Shooto
6287:Aikido
6239:Savate
6189:Karate
6164:Boxing
6044:Barróg
5872:Flying
5847:Ground
5842:Clinch
5799:Russia
5747:Europe
5438:
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5335:(1986)
5299:
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5268:(1995)
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2245:khodam
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2228:Madura
2200:Kerala
2110:Sydney
2076:Canada
1771:Russia
1762:Poland
1742:Greece
1678:(1829)
1667:(1809)
1657:(1798)
1647:(1780)
1566:Galway
1484:bellum
1444:Europe
1384:(1899)
1208:France
1175:primer
995:Canada
930:Russia
902:French
889:France
864:state
714:Errata
597:murder
556:, the
369:bellum
340:venans
334:venans
328:venans
322:tenans
264:, the
138:rapier
134:swords
7017:Sambo
6925:Sambo
6907:Wushu
6810:Wushu
6790:Sambo
6735:Glima
6640:Wuxia
6422:MCMAP
6392:Arnis
6224:Sanda
6184:Dambe
6159:Bando
6139:shoot
6104:catch
6084:Sambo
5914:Throw
5904:Sweep
5882:Stomp
5832:Punch
5784:Korea
5772:Japan
5752:India
5742:China
5638:" by
5622:" in
5297:S2CID
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4345:JSTOR
4024:(PDF)
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3750:(PDF)
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1395:paces
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1048:sword
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734:melee
721:South
661:near
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6054:Judo
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5939:Duel
5894:Hold
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5580:Duel
5565:Duel
5436:ISBN
5428:Duel
5373:1838
5252:ISBN
5081:2014
5043:ISBN
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4958:link
4896:2021
4862:2019
4833:2019
4801:ISBN
4758:ISBN
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4698:ISBN
4680:2015
4611:2018
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4469:ISBN
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4210:2011
4197:ISBN
4145:2011
4137:XXXI
4106:OCLC
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3830:Time
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