29:
259:
981:
305:
672:
636:
973:
848:
760:
722:
691:
130 mph (209 km/h) in third. Zero-to-60 mph (97 km/h) times of around eight seconds and 0–100 mph (0–161 km/h) in 17 seconds were reported for the SJ in spite of the unsynchronized transmissions, at a time when even the best cars of the era were not likely to reach 100 mph (160 km/h). Duesenbergs generally weighed around two and a half tons; up to three tons was not unusual, considering the wide array of custom coachwork available.
699:
right side panel of the hood and right front fender. At least one supercharged car retains its original eight port manifold while most can be recognized by the four exposed exhaust pipes encased within bright flexible metal conduit tubes, a design which Cord registered as a trademark and used in his supercharged Cords and
Auburns. The flamboyant external exhaust pipes were offered both as an option on new normally aspirated Model Js and retrofit to earlier Model Js.
680:
292:
formal connection with
Duesenberg, Inc. until later. According to the expert Marshall Merkes, "Cord did not want Augie around." However, all Duesenberg racing cars produced after 1926 were built by Augie in an enterprise that functioned separately, and in a building apart from the main Duesenberg plant. He was also responsible for a number of engineering achievements like the superchargers developed for both the Auburn and
800:
741:
the "ram's horn" twin-carburetor inlet manifold, would be used on later supercharged Js. In
October 1935, Jenkins drove the car to a one-hour record of 153.97 mph (247.79 km/h) and a twenty-four-hour record of 135.57 mph (218.18 km/h) at a circuit on the Bonneville Salt Flats. The 24-hour record would be held until 1961. The car was renamed "Mormon Meteor" after a
343:
964:
referred to as "SSJ". Of the 481 Model Js (including all its versions) produced between 1928 and 1937, about 378 survive. Some are speculated to have been lost in the war, particularly those exported to Europe, while others may had been parted out or even altered beyond recognition during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
1003:, and by 1941 to 1942, used specimens were abundant and cheap, with advertised prices averaging around $ 700 ($ 13,053 in 2023 dollars ) for the cars in excellent condition. Even still, a few used Model Js were advertised for around $ 300 to $ 400, with some ultimately selling for only $ 100 or $ 200.
690:
Reinforcing this claim was the powerful 320 hp (239 kW) supercharged "SJ" model developed on the 142.5 in (362 cm) wheelbase by Fred
Duesenberg and introduced in May 1932. It reputed to be capable of 104 miles per hour (167 km/h) in second gear and have a top speed of around
321:
hit in
October 1929, the Duesenberg Company had only built some 200 cars. An additional 100 orders were filled in 1930. Thus, the Model J fell short of the original goal to sell 500 cars a year. Most engine and chassis were made in 1929 and 1930, but due to the Depression, high price, etc., ended up
312:
The newly revived
Duesenberg company set about to produce the Model J, which debuted December 1 at the New York Car Show of 1928. In Europe, it was launched at the "Salon de l'automobile de Paris" of 1929. The first and — at the time of the New York presentation — only example made of the
291:
would continue in the new organization with the title of vice president in charge of engineering and experimental work. Fred's brother August, who had played an important role in the development of the Model A and its variant, the rare X, had nothing to do with the initial design of the J and had no
838:
coachwork and only 10 were produced in 1935. In an attempt to give a more modern look to an ageing design, the JN was equipped with smaller 17-inch-diameter wheels (versus 19 inches), skirted fenders, bullet-shaped taillights, and bodies set on the frame rails for a lower look. The battery box
740:
as a speed record car. It was built in 1935 on a supercharged
Duesenberg Model J rolling chassis with a standard wheelbase, a modified front axle, and a non-standard high rear axle ratio. The engine was highly tuned by Augie Duesenberg. High performance parts developed for the Special, especially
963:
There was a gradual evolution (up to the 1937 model) to preserve the "stately lines" while moving into a more integrated mode of styling. The final evolution of the
Duesenberg engine was ram-air intakes, which were added to some of the last supercharged models to produce 400 hp (298 kW),
662:
A series of minor modifications were carried out during the model's production life. The first major change was to replace the four-speed gearbox, which proved unable to handle the engine's power, with an unsynchronised three-speed gearbox, subsequently fitted to all
Duesenbergs. Unlike almost all
698:
manifold that re-routed the exhaust away from the engine, outside the engine compartment and through a single hole in the right front fender. The eight port manifold was found to be prone to cracking and was quickly superseded by a second manifold arrangement that routed four branches through the
807:
The short-wheelbase supercharged J, referred to by the public as the SSJ, had an extra-short wheelbase of 125 in (3,200 mm) and an engine delivering close to 400 hp (298 kW) through the use of the dual-carburetor "ram's horn" manifold developed for the
Duesenberg Special. The
1014:
By 1959 a decent example could not be bought for less than $ 4,000, and an exceptionally fine specimen could approach $ 10,000 ($ 104,521 in 2023 dollars ). A record price of $ 12,000 had been paid for a Duesenberg J in a private sale that year. In 10 years' time, by 1969, a Model J could fetch
249:
from 1928 to 1937. Intended to compete with the most luxurious and powerful cars in the world, it was introduced in 1928, the year before the stock market crash that led to the Great Depression. The Model J, available with a supercharger after 1932, was sold until Duesenberg Motors Company went
567:
and four valves per cylinder. It was capable of a top speed of 116 mph (187 km/h), and 89 mph (143 km/h) in 2nd gear. Other cars featured a bigger engine but none of them surpassed its power. It was also both the fastest and most expensive American automobile on the market.
651:
8,500 ($ 189,820 in 2023 dollars ) ($ 9,500 after 1932 ($ 212,151 in 2023 dollars )). At a time when the average U.S. physician earned less than $ 3,000 a year ($ 66,995 in 2023 dollars ), most completed vehicles fell between $ 13,000 and $ 19,000 ($ 424,302 in 2023 dollars ), with two
706:
on July 26, 1932, resulting from injuries sustained in an automobile accident in which he was driving a Murphy SJ convertible. His brother, Augie, took over Fred's duties as chief engineer and Harold T. Ames became president of Duesenberg, Inc. Only 36 SJs were ever built.
655:
The J was generally available with either with a short 142.5 in (3.62 m) wheelbase chassis or long 153.5 in (3.90 m)). Special orders included two SSJs shortened to 125 in (3.18 m) and a few extended to 160 in (4.06 m) and over.
951:
Originally, New York City supported the Model J. It was the financial capital of the United States in 1929, and many of its people could afford such an expensive car. As the Depression deepened, however, power shifted, and ultimately it was newly wealthy
276:, and other transportation firms, bought the Duesenberg Motor Corporation on October 26, 1926, for the brothers' engineering skills, talent and brand name. He intended to produce a car to rival the size, power, and luxury of top European brands such as
652:
American-bodied J's reaching $ 25,000 ($ 558,293 in 2023 dollars )). Figures for prices charged by deluxe coachbuilders in Europe are not available, but it is possible they were even higher than the most expensive American built models.
991:
Duesenberg ceased production in 1937 after Cord's financial empire collapsed. However, two more Duesenbergs were completed between 1937 and 1940. The first one was delivered by the coachbuilder Rollson to the German artist
947:
and delivered in October 1937, it was 22 ft (6.7 m) long and 7 ft (2.1 m) wide. It was known as Father Divine's Throne Car because it had a removable rear top section that exposed two raised rear seats.
1434:
663:
American manufacturers, Duesenberg did not switch to a fully synchronised gearbox in the mid-1930s, which made the Model J difficult to drive and outdated by the latter years of its run. The factory closed in 1937.
1022:
The Duesenberg Special, a.k.a. "Mormon Meteor", was sold at an auction by Gooding & Co. in August 2004 for $ 4.5 million. Another SJ sold for $ 4.4 million at RM Auctions in Monterey, California, in 2007.
1015:
anywhere between $ 20,000 and $ 75,000 ($ 623,140 in 2023 dollars ). A record price of $ 205,000 ($ 1,266,518 in 2023 dollars ) was set at an auction in 1974 for a model J, surpassing Adolf Hitler's personal
1010:
in the fall of 1950, at prices as low as $ 500, though an exceptional restored example could exceed $ 2,000 ($ 25,328 in 2023 dollars ) which was still within the reach of the average working American.
576:
As was common practice among the luxury car brands, only the chassis and engine were displayed; the body and interior trim of the car would be custom-made to the owner's specifications by a third-party
943:
had the last Duesenberg chassis built with an extra-long 178-inch wheelbase. It weighed 7,800 lb (3,500 kg) and accommodated ten passengers. J. Herbert Newport was the designer. Built by
694:
The SJ's supercharger was located beside the engine; the vertical driving shaft necessitated a redesigned exhaust manifold arrangement; originally this took the form of a one-piece eight into one
28:
1915:
258:
2039:
1040:
In 2018 a Duesenberg SSJ that was formerly owned by Gary Cooper was sold at auction for $ 22 million. This made it the most expensive American car ever sold.
1752:
1727:
996:
in April 1940; it is both the longest Duesenberg and the last one delivered. The last one ever made was assembled from leftover parts between 1938 and 1940.
2060:
304:
980:
671:
1348:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
1029:
used a replica Duesenberg SJ encrusted with Austrian rhinestone crystals during his stage performances. The vehicle later went on to be exhibited at the
1049:
1825:
687:
A Duesenberg marketing slogan was that the only car that could pass a Duesenberg was another Duesenberg—and that was with the first owner's consent.
635:
775:
ever constructed and it is widely considered to be the most beautiful Duesenberg ever built. The Twenty Grand had a 320 horsepower supercharged
581:. The chassis on most model Js were the same, as was the styling of such elements as fenders, headlamps, radiator, hood and instrument panel.
1964:
149:
559:
Model J motor was based on the company's successful racing engines of the 1920s and though designed by Duesenberg they were manufactured by
1383:
935:. The last was very keen on motoring and chose his now missing Duesenberg J, among his cars, to go to exile after the proclamation of the
839:
and tool box were redesigned slightly so that the doors could close over the frame. Supercharged JNs gained the logical SJN designation.
1683:
759:
1799:
834:
There is another version of the model J known as the Duesenberg JN (a name never used by the company either). All JNs were sold with
2020:
1993:
1943:
1859:
1444:
1006:
Business rebounded in the 1950s, when classic and vintage cars became popular among collectors. Several Model Js were advertised in
972:
847:
1368:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
811:
Only two were built; both had lightweight open-roadster bodies produced by Central Manufacturing Company, an Auburn subsidiary in
2159:
629:
178:
896:
1621:
1919:
1564:
2080:
612:, as well as by smaller dealers. The rest were designed and made by independent US coachbuilders such as Derham, Holbrook,
1034:
2154:
1375:
1355:
985:
956:
that kept Duesenberg alive through much of the 1930s. It was so reputed and imposing that many Hollywood stars, such as
928:
170:
1985:
953:
815:. At the rear, each short-wheelbase roadster had an external spare tire and smaller “later-style” round taillights.
659:
The dash included mechanically timed lights that reminded the driver when to change the oil and inspect the battery.
2031:
1756:
1731:
924:
920:
754:
273:
2056:
1592:
1777:
322:
sold and bodied throughout subsequent years. Thus the year for a given Model J usually refers to the latter.
936:
900:
613:
563:, another company owned by Cord. In normally aspirated form, it produced 265 horsepower (198 kW) from
1833:
564:
584:
About half the model Js built by Duesenberg had coachworks devised by the company's chief body designer,
993:
932:
812:
788:
721:
648:
621:
556:
385:
2097:
2118:
1231:
944:
640:
380:
2164:
864:
780:
392:
355:
281:
184:
1504:
1191:
546:
269:
226:
119:
1366:
1346:
679:
2127:
2113:
2016:
1999:
1989:
1960:
1939:
1896:
1884:
1865:
1855:
1560:
1482:
1440:
1016:
912:
822:
in 1935. The other "SSJ" was lent by the company to actor and established Duesenberg customer
457:
449:
167:
144:
102:
1154:
1138:
1122:
1362:
1342:
768:
560:
318:
1030:
516:
412:
293:
288:
859:
in the United States and Europe, driven by the nobility; the rich and famous, among them
1697:
908:
742:
585:
501:
239:
134:
127:
107:
826:
in 1936. Cooper and Gable would race each other in the Hollywood Hills in these cars.
2148:
1659:
1037:, and its current location is at the "Liberace Garage" located in Las Vegas as well.
940:
884:
876:
872:
856:
808:"ram's horn" manifold has two branches, each of which splits into two more branches.
726:
716:
593:
433:
402:
277:
124:
95:
1625:
1000:
957:
888:
601:
578:
472:
422:
314:
87:
1954:
1849:
1618:
916:
904:
892:
868:
823:
819:
799:
597:
2076:
1778:"Gary Cooper's Duesenberg SSJ - Gooding & Company's Pebble Beach Auctions"
772:
733:
444:
360:
246:
242:
47:
1883:
Buehrig, Gordon M. (Spring 1966). Bailey, L. Scott; Kaufman, Mervyn (eds.).
860:
855:
The Model J quickly became one of the most popular luxury cars as well as a
703:
342:
196:
1026:
880:
835:
617:
263:
1851:
Errett Lobban Cord: His Empire, His Motor Cars: Auburn, Cord, Duesenberg
1800:"Gary Cooper's 1935 Duesenberg SSJ fetches record price at Pebble Beach"
767:
The one-off custom 1933 Rollston Arlington Torpedo-bodied Duesenberg SJ
784:
605:
589:
91:
287:
After Cord's takeover, the new company was renamed "Duesenberg, Inc."
625:
609:
161:
2112:
Wolff, Raymond A. (1966). Bailey, L. Scott; Kaufman, Mervyn (eds.).
1660:"How Duesenberg Cars work: Duesenberg Model SJ, Model JN, Model SJN"
1869:
979:
971:
846:
798:
758:
720:
695:
678:
670:
634:
303:
257:
745:
aircraft engine was installed in place of the Duesenberg engine.
2003:
776:
482:
2131:
1900:
588:, and executed under the name La Grande by company branches in
1684:"Ginger Rogers' 1929 Duesenberg stars at 2012 Amelia Island"
1083:
1081:
2098:"1935 Duesenberg Model SJN Images, Information and History"
1436:
Clark Gable, in Pictures: Candid Images of the Actor's Life
1293:
1291:
818:
The first short-wheelbase roadster was sold to the actor
803:
Duesenberg Model J cabriolet with a custom body by Graber
527:
320 hp (240 kW) at 4200 rpm (supercharged)
1186:
1184:
1182:
1854:. New Albany, Indiana: Automobile Heritage Publishing.
1559:. Rochester, United Kingdom: Grange Books. p. 31.
1416:
1414:
1412:
1266:
1264:
2126:(4). New York, NY USA: Automobile Quarterly: 348–369.
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1498:
1496:
210:
3,175.0 mm (125 in) ("SSJ" short wheelbase)
675:
1930 SJ Disappearing Top Convertible Coupe by Murphy
524:
265 hp (198 kW) at 4250 rpm, (normal)
1192:"Introduction to the 1928-1934 Duesenberg J series"
542:
537:
515:
510:
500:
492:
481:
471:
466:
456:
443:
432:
421:
411:
401:
391:
379:
374:
366:
354:
349:
335:
222:
217:
195:
190:
177:
160:
155:
143:
133:
118:
113:
101:
83:
73:
53:
43:
38:
21:
1755:. MSN Cars. 2009-08-05. p. 19. Archived from
1753:"The world's 50 most expensive cars - MSN Cars UK"
1730:. MSN Cars. 2009-08-05. p. 28. Archived from
1728:"The world's 50 most expensive cars - MSN Cars UK"
1503:Auto Editors of Consumer Guide (30 October 2007).
960:, posed next to the car to promote their careers.
308:1931 Duesenberg J Convertible Victoria by Rollston
1214:
1212:
1959:. St. Paul, MN USA: Motorbooks. pp. 72–79.
530:400 hp (300 kW) supercharged Model SSJ
317:, finished in silver and black. By the time the
262:1931 Duesenberg Model J Victoria Convertible by
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
207:3,898.9 mm (153.5 in) (optional long)
1980:Kimes, Beverly Rae, ed. (1990). "Duesenberg".
851:Duesenberg J hood ornament called "Duesenbird"
1658:Auto Editors of Consumer Guide (2007-06-13).
313:series, the J-101, was a LeBaron sweep panel
66:Duesenberg SSJ (short-wheelbase supercharged)
8:
1557:Vintage Cars - The Finest Prewar Automobiles
33:1930 Duesenberg J Murphy Torpedo Convertible
2013:Standard catalog of American Cars 1805-1942
1550:
1548:
1019:, which sold for $ 153,000 the year prior.
624:, and Willoughby, and Fernandez et Darrin,
477:Duesenberg centrifugal (optional from 1932)
1433:Spicer, Chrystopher J. (14 October 2011).
999:Duesenberg became far less popular during
976:1929 Duesenberg J Murphy Convertible Coupe
915:; members of European royalty such as the
779:engine and was built specifically for the
341:
332:
204:3,619.5 mm (142.5 in) (standard)
27:
18:
2077:"The End of the Line - The Duesenberg JN"
1050:Timeline of most powerful production cars
1420:
1309:
1282:
1255:
1150:
1134:
1118:
1087:
555:The 420 cu in (6,900 cc)
330:Reciprocating internal combustion engine
1645:
1403:
1384:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
1297:
1060:
79:481 produced (445 Model J, 36 Model SJ)
2032:"Duesenberg J Judkins Fixed-Top Coupe"
2083:from the original on 13 November 2013
1622:"The American Dream. Duesenberg J-SJ"
1579:
1539:
1527:
1382:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
1270:
1173:
1106:
1072:
7:
2075:Rodgers, Robert S. (30 April 2010).
2030:Melissen, Wouter (9 February 2005).
1714:
632:, Saoutchik, and others in Europe.
1624:. Cromoclassico.com. Archived from
1218:
397:420 cu in (6,900 cc)
2114:"Duesenberg—It's A Grand Old Name"
2063:from the original on 7 August 2014
2057:"Duesenberg SSJ LaGrande Roadster"
2042:from the original on 8 August 2014
1916:"The Duesenberg: The Grandest yet"
1702:Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930
683:1935 SJ LaGrande Dual-Cowl Phaeton
488:Single updraft Schleber carburetor
150:Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive
14:
2096:Vaughan, Daniel (February 2007).
771:sedan was the 2nd most expensive
763:1933 Duesenberg SJ "Twenty Grand"
620:(later renamed Rollson), Walker,
166:6.9 L (420 cu in)
1895:(4). New York, NY USA: 370–373.
1597:Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance
139:Coachbuilt to owner's preference
1918:. autos.msn.com. Archived from
1704:. London, UK: Grange-Universal.
732:With financing from sponsors,
1:
1934:Cheetham, Craig, ed. (2006).
1035:The Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas
1033:in Las Vegas, Nevada, and at
1848:Borgeson, Griffith (2005) .
1376:American Antiquarian Society
1356:American Antiquarian Society
986:Stahls Automotive Collection
929:Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
171:Duesenberg Straight-8 engine
63:Duesenberg SJ (supercharged)
1986:Classic Car Club of America
1885:"I remember the Duesenberg"
1466:
984:1934 Duesenberg Model J at
725:Duesenberg Special, a.k.a.
2181:
1593:"1980 Best of Show Winner"
1505:"Duesenberg SSJ Speedster"
921:Prince Nicholas of Romania
752:
714:
417:4.76 in (121 mm)
2055:Melissen, Wouter (2004).
1953:Cheetham, Craig (2006) .
1824:Apen, John (2007-04-13).
1456:– via Google Books.
1232:"1929 Duesenberg Model J"
925:Queen Maria of Yugoslavia
897:Bill "Bojangles" Robinson
755:Twenty Grand (Duesenberg)
667:Supercharged version (SJ)
407:3.74 in (95 mm)
340:
336:Duesenberg Model J engine
274:Auburn Automobile Company
26:
2079:. Deloreanmotorcar.com.
1826:"The Longest Duesenberg"
1555:Cheetham, Craig (2004).
781:1933 Century of Progress
702:Fred Duesenberg died of
2160:Cars introduced in 1928
2059:. Ultimatecarpage.com.
2036:www.ultimatecarpage.com
2015:. Krause publications.
2011:Kimes, Beverly (1996).
1984:. Des Plaines, IL USA:
937:Second Spanish Republic
901:William Randolph Hearst
565:dual overhead camshafts
452:, 4 valves per cylinder
173:, optional supercharger
1936:Ultimate American Cars
1469:Ultimate American Cars
988:
977:
852:
804:
764:
729:
684:
676:
644:
572:Design and development
309:
266:
1467:Cheetham, Craig, ed.
983:
975:
945:Bohman & Schwartz
933:Alfonso XIII of Spain
850:
813:Connersville, Indiana
802:
789:Nethercutt Collection
787:. It is owned by the
762:
724:
682:
674:
641:Bohman & Schwartz
638:
616:, Le Baron, Murphy,
386:Straight-eight engine
307:
261:
2119:Automobile Quarterly
1988:. pp. 229–269.
1889:Automobile Quarterly
2155:Duesenberg vehicles
1922:on 16 February 2012
1914:Ema, Randy (2007).
865:Evalyn Walsh McLean
639:1932 Duesenberg SJ
1090:, pp. 75, 79.
1008:The New York Times
989:
978:
853:
805:
765:
738:Duesenberg Special
730:
711:Duesenberg Special
685:
677:
645:
547:Duesenberg Model A
310:
267:
250:bankrupt in 1937.
236:Duesenberg Model J
227:Duesenberg Model A
22:Duesenberg Model J
2100:. Conceptcarz.com
1966:978-0-7603-2572-8
1664:Howstuffworks.com
1509:Howstuffworks.com
1483:"Duesenberg J/SJ"
1198:. 6 December 2007
1196:Howstuffworks.com
1017:Mercedes-Benz 770
743:Curtiss Conqueror
736:commissioned the
647:The chassis cost
643:Convertible Coupe
553:
552:
458:Compression ratio
315:dual cowl phaeton
232:
231:
2172:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2026:
2007:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1949:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1836:on 17 April 2011
1832:. Archived from
1830:Businessweek.com
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1774:
1768:
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1743:
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1705:
1694:
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1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1617:Liquid Diamond,
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1552:
1543:
1537:
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1407:
1401:
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1379:
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1359:
1353:
1338:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1259:
1253:
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1228:
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1216:
1207:
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1203:
1188:
1177:
1171:
1158:
1148:
1142:
1132:
1126:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1091:
1085:
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927:, and the Kings
345:
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319:Great Depression
114:Body and chassis
54:Also called
31:
19:
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1982:The Classic Car
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1698:Georgano, G. N.
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1363:McCusker, J. J.
1361:
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1343:McCusker, J. J.
1341:
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1236:conceptcarz.com
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1046:
1031:Liberace Museum
970:
917:Duke of Windsor
903:, the families
845:
832:
797:
757:
751:
719:
713:
669:
574:
533:
331:
328:
302:
289:Fred Duesenberg
272:, the owner of
256:
213:
135:Body style
78:
69:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2178:
2176:
2168:
2167:
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2157:
2147:
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2109:
2093:
2072:
2052:
2027:
2021:
2008:
1994:
1977:
1965:
1950:
1944:
1938:. Motorbooks.
1931:
1911:
1880:
1860:
1845:
1819:
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1780:. 11 July 2018
1769:
1744:
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1707:
1689:
1675:
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1638:
1609:
1584:
1582:, p. 264.
1572:
1565:
1544:
1542:, p. 368.
1532:
1530:, p. 239.
1520:
1492:
1474:
1472:, 2006, p. 147
1459:
1445:
1425:
1408:
1396:
1380:1800–present:
1314:
1302:
1300:, p. 372.
1287:
1275:
1273:, p. 498.
1260:
1248:
1223:
1208:
1178:
1176:, p. 367.
1159:
1143:
1127:
1111:
1109:, p. 265.
1092:
1077:
1075:, p. 232.
1059:
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1053:
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1045:
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969:
966:
844:
841:
831:
828:
796:
793:
753:Main article:
750:
747:
715:Main article:
712:
709:
668:
665:
630:Gurney Nutting
586:Gordon Buehrig
573:
570:
557:straight eight
551:
550:
544:
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539:
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534:
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531:
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502:Cooling system
498:
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423:Cylinder block
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108:Gordon Buehrig
105:
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24:
23:
15:
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9:
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4:
3:
2:
2177:
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2158:
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2041:
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2028:
2024:
2022:0-87341-428-4
2018:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1995:0-9627868-0-2
1991:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1968:
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1958:
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1945:0-7603-2570-7
1941:
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1861:0-9711468-7-X
1857:
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1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
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1817:
1801:
1795:
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1759:on 2012-02-24
1758:
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1734:on 2012-02-24
1733:
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1628:on 2012-08-25
1627:
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1446:9780786487141
1442:
1439:. McFarland.
1438:
1437:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1421:Melissen 2004
1417:
1415:
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1315:
1311:
1310:Melissen 2005
1306:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1285:, p. 72.
1284:
1283:Cheetham 2006
1279:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1258:, p. 73.
1257:
1256:Cheetham 2006
1252:
1249:
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1156:
1152:
1151:Borgeson 2005
1147:
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1135:Borgeson 2005
1131:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:Borgeson 2005
1115:
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1103:
1101:
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1088:Cheetham 2006
1084:
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942:
941:Father Divine
938:
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926:
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918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
885:Marion Davies
882:
878:
877:Howard Hughes
874:
873:Ginger Rogers
870:
866:
862:
858:
857:status symbol
849:
842:
840:
837:
829:
827:
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761:
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748:
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735:
728:
727:Mormon Meteor
723:
718:
717:Mormon Meteor
710:
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688:
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673:
666:
664:
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623:
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594:New York City
591:
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438:
435:
434:Cylinder head
431:
427:
424:
420:
416:
414:
413:Piston stroke
410:
406:
404:
403:Cylinder bore
400:
396:
394:
390:
387:
384:
382:
381:Configuration
378:
373:
369:
365:
362:
359:
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344:
339:
334:
325:
323:
320:
316:
306:
299:
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285:
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279:
278:Hispano-Suiza
275:
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96:United States
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72:
65:
62:
59:
58:
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52:
49:
46:
42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
16:Motor vehicle
2135:. Retrieved
2123:
2117:
2102:. Retrieved
2085:. Retrieved
2065:. Retrieved
2044:. Retrieved
2035:
2012:
1981:
1970:. Retrieved
1956:Vintage Cars
1955:
1935:
1924:. Retrieved
1920:the original
1904:. Retrieved
1892:
1888:
1873:. Retrieved
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1834:the original
1829:
1804:. Retrieved
1794:
1782:. Retrieved
1772:
1761:. Retrieved
1757:the original
1747:
1736:. Retrieved
1732:the original
1722:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1678:
1667:. Retrieved
1663:
1653:
1646:Rodgers 2010
1641:
1630:. Retrieved
1626:the original
1612:
1601:. Retrieved
1599:. 2021-03-04
1596:
1587:
1575:
1556:
1535:
1523:
1512:. Retrieved
1508:
1487:Autozine.org
1486:
1477:
1468:
1462:
1450:. Retrieved
1435:
1428:
1404:Vaughan 2007
1399:
1389:February 29,
1387:. Retrieved
1367:
1347:
1305:
1298:Buehrig 1966
1278:
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1235:
1226:
1200:. Retrieved
1195:
1146:
1130:
1114:
1039:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1007:
1005:
1001:World War II
998:
994:Rudolf Bauer
990:
962:
958:James Cagney
950:
889:Tyrone Power
854:
833:
817:
810:
806:
769:ultra-luxury
766:
749:Twenty Grand
737:
731:
701:
693:
689:
686:
661:
658:
654:
646:
602:Philadelphia
583:
579:coachbuilder
575:
554:
517:Power output
506:water-cooled
473:Supercharger
393:Displacement
356:Manufacturer
311:
286:
268:
235:
233:
179:Transmission
88:Indianapolis
60:Duesenberg J
44:Manufacturer
2087:23 November
2046:26 December
1360:1700–1799:
1340:1634–1699:
893:Clark Gable
869:Greta Garbo
824:Clark Gable
820:Gary Cooper
598:Los Angeles
543:Predecessor
296:motorcars.
282:Rolls-Royce
223:Predecessor
2165:1930s cars
2149:Categories
2137:2013-12-14
2104:2012-04-06
2067:2010-11-23
1972:2013-12-13
1926:2010-11-23
1906:2013-12-14
1875:2013-12-14
1870:2003114944
1840:2010-11-23
1818:References
1802:. Auto log
1763:2009-11-11
1738:2009-11-11
1669:2010-11-23
1632:2010-11-23
1603:2021-10-06
1580:Kimes 1990
1566:1840136359
1540:Wolff 1966
1528:Kimes 1990
1514:2010-11-23
1271:Kimes 1996
1202:2010-11-23
1174:Wolff 1966
1153:, p.
1137:, p.
1121:, p.
1107:Kimes 1990
1073:Kimes 1990
773:Duesenberg
734:Ab Jenkins
538:Chronology
467:Combustion
445:Valvetrain
367:Production
361:Duesenberg
270:E. L. Cord
254:Background
247:Duesenberg
243:automobile
218:Chronology
191:Dimensions
156:Powertrain
128:luxury car
74:Production
48:Duesenberg
1806:28 August
1784:28 August
1715:Apen 2007
1452:28 August
1241:13 August
954:Hollywood
861:Al Capone
843:Reception
704:pneumonia
493:Fuel type
439:cast iron
428:cast iron
370:1928–1937
197:Wheelbase
125:Full-size
77:1928–1937
2081:Archived
2061:Archived
2040:Archived
2004:90-84421
1700:(1985).
1365:(1992).
1345:(1997).
1219:Ema 2007
1044:See also
1027:Liberace
881:Mae West
836:Rollston
618:Rollston
561:Lycoming
496:gasoline
436:material
425:material
350:Overview
264:Rollston
245:made by
183:3-speed
103:Designer
84:Assembly
39:Overview
2132:62-4005
1901:62-4005
913:Wrigley
909:Whitney
785:Chicago
622:Weymann
614:Judkins
606:Florida
590:Chicago
92:Indiana
2130:
2019:
2002:
1992:
1963:
1942:
1899:
1868:
1858:
1563:
1443:
968:Legacy
911:, and
626:Franay
610:Denver
549:engine
511:Output
485:system
375:Layout
326:Engine
240:luxury
185:manual
162:Engine
145:Layout
1372:(PDF)
1352:(PDF)
1056:Notes
696:Monel
462:5.7:1
300:Debut
238:is a
120:Class
2128:LCCN
2089:2010
2048:2012
2017:ISBN
2000:LCCN
1990:ISBN
1961:ISBN
1940:ISBN
1897:LCCN
1866:LCCN
1856:ISBN
1808:2018
1786:2018
1561:ISBN
1454:2018
1441:ISBN
1391:2024
1243:2024
931:and
905:Mars
777:DOHC
649:US$
608:and
483:Fuel
450:DOHC
294:Cord
280:and
234:The
168:DOHC
795:SSJ
783:in
2151::
2122:.
2116:.
2038:.
2034:.
1998:.
1891:.
1887:.
1864:.
1828:.
1662:.
1620:.
1595:.
1547:^
1507:.
1495:^
1485:.
1411:^
1374:.
1354:.
1317:^
1290:^
1263:^
1234:.
1211:^
1194:.
1181:^
1162:^
1155:43
1139:42
1123:40
1095:^
1080:^
1063:^
939:.
923:,
919:,
907:,
899:,
895:,
891:,
887:,
883:,
879:,
875:,
871:,
867:,
863:,
830:JN
791:.
628:,
604:,
600:,
596:,
592:,
284:.
94:,
90:,
2140:.
2124:4
2107:.
2091:.
2070:.
2050:.
2025:.
2006:.
1975:.
1948:.
1929:.
1909:.
1893:4
1878:.
1843:.
1810:.
1788:.
1766:.
1741:.
1717:.
1686:.
1672:.
1648:.
1635:.
1606:.
1569:.
1517:.
1489:.
1423:.
1406:.
1393:.
1378:.
1358:.
1312:.
1245:.
1221:.
1205:.
1157:.
1141:.
1125:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
