316:
150:
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38:
136:
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became the official border of their spheres of influence. In 1277 the archbishops managed to defeat a large confederation of
Westphalian and Lower Rhenish opponents, but further action in 1288 forced the archbishops to abandon intentions on much of the greater territory of Westphalia. The purchase
693:
became the administrative capital of
Westphalia. Economically the loss of Soest had weakened the duchy. Especially as the surroundings of the town were very fertile and the grain was needed for the mountainous regions in the South. Peace with Marck was made in 1445 which witnessed territorial
625:, archbishop of Cologne from 1220, began a campaign to force the nobility in Westphalia into submission and to extract from them the stewardship of the various scattered church lands. Engelbert managed to connect the lands of the duchy by annexing the territory from
602:) followed. The former counts of Werl created a new county known as Werl-Arnsberg, and managed to keep their smaller and smaller territory independent of the Archbishops until they finally sold in 1368. After the rebellious Saxon duke
714:, the city of Soest remained part of the Duchy of Cleves. Starting from 1463, the league of knights and cities in Westphalia began a long and bitter struggle against the archbishops. During the reign of Archbishop
861:
911:
149:
901:
896:
726:(1577–1583) the Reformation returned and he was forced to attend to Westphalia in 1582 where several knights and cities had adopted the new doctrine. The newly elected Archbishop
891:
67:
677:. The financial burden placed upon the knights and cities of the Duchy of Westphalia led them into union in 1437. Cologne made peace with Cleves in 1441: this led
856:
876:
906:
555:
871:
916:
814:
579:
89:
703:
611:
590:. The other counties of the region could not resist the encroachment of the mighty Archbishopric, and soon after the counties of
607:
309:
240:
135:
866:
731:
723:
369:
444:
851:
669:
witnessed the last attempts by
Cologne to gain rulership in Westphalia by attempting to break the powerful positions of
587:
436:
50:
60:
54:
46:
658:
447:
in the northeast; both ecclesiastical principalities also had emerged from the former Duchy of Saxony, while the
71:
417:
642:
575:
753:. In 1794 the archbishops relocated to Westphalia after the French had annexed the territories west of the
666:
790:
365:
819:
774:
654:
and annexation of Werl-Arnsberg in 1368 united the territories of the north and south of the
Sauerland.
539:
448:
175:
646:
762:
758:
750:
722:
arrived in
Westphalia. Eventually the Reformation was suppressed, but during the reign of Archbishop
622:
614:
with these territories and the southwest of the former Duchy of Saxony as the 'Duchy of
Westphalia'.
425:
385:
373:
641:
in 1222. Further controversy of its expansion eventually leads to
Engelbert's death at the hands of
886:
487:
401:
746:. The Duchy of Westphalia was again confirmed as integral territory of the archbishopric in 1590.
881:
782:
460:
478:
The
Westphalian duchy formed the largest part of the Cologne electorate. Apart from the fertile
727:
483:
456:
361:
345:
184:
715:
559:
535:
479:
452:
397:
789:
in exchange for important lands west of the Rhine, and the Duchy was incorporated into the
681:, the richest town of Westphalia, to refuse recognising Colognian supremacy in 1444 in the
739:
686:
389:
357:
337:
295:
282:
207:
117:
582:
in 1102 had occupied and seized half of the territory held by the
Westphalian counts of
494:
and densely forested areas, with some significant metal deposits and brine springs. The
471:
in the west remained an obstacle to a land connection with the
Cologne territory on the
678:
662:
603:
468:
421:
180:
845:
834:
808:
599:
491:
464:
440:
393:
777:
was created although it did not include the Duchy and had its capital in Hesse at
17:
754:
735:
719:
650:
543:
472:
217:
711:
702:
682:
547:
531:
429:
413:
353:
349:
638:
634:
551:
155:
595:
348:, which existed from 1102 to 1803. It was located in the greater region of
734:
managed to regain the duchy for the archbishopric at the beginning of the
690:
583:
197:
786:
749:
Like most other territories of Germany, Westphalia suffered during the
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630:
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405:
807: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
743:
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738:
in 1583, and Protestantism survived only on the border region of
591:
499:
31:
384:
The duchy roughly comprised the territory of the present-day
554:
estates around Soest, where the archbishops extended their
661:
began a hopeless campaign to maintain Colognian rights in
685:, that lasted until 1449. Soest had become a part of the
665:, and in 1392 was forced to abandon them. His successor,
352:, originally one of the three main regions in the German
154:
The Duchy of Westphalia and other western German states
862:
Former states and territories of North Rhine-Westphalia
459:
in the southeast were part of the former stem duchy of
645:in 1225. In 1260 by an agreement with the Dukes of
237:
227:
213:
203:
193:
167:
104:
698:Westphalia until the end of the Empire (1445–1806)
526:Formerly part of the Saxon stem duchy along with
558:territory. Numerous monastery foundations, like
59:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
912:1803 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
761:of 1803 the Duchy of Westphalia became part of
550:. First parishes were established east of the
902:1180s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
897:States and territories disestablished in 1803
8:
109:
435:The duchy bordered on the territory of the
892:States and territories established in 1180
510:was part of an important trade route from
148:
101:
27:State of the Holy Roman Empire (1102–1803)
90:Learn how and when to remove this message
701:
396:, as well as the adjacent areas of the
835:Map of the Duchy of Westphalia in 1789
566:, stabilized the ecclesiastical rule.
490:, the ducal lands primarily comprised
610:presented the Archbishop of Cologne,
236:
226:
222:
7:
823:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
706:Arms of Westphalia (adopted in 1532)
542:at the behest of the Frankish ruler
785:awarded the Duchy of Westphalia to
813:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
344:) was a historic territory in the
25:
570:Creation of the duchy (1102–1180)
412:), from 1507 also the exclave of
857:Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire
802:
498:section connecting the towns of
314:
300:
275:
134:
36:
877:Early modern history of Germany
633:, and secured the south of the
310:Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt
724:Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg
606:was defeated in 1180, Emperor
443:river in the north and on the
370:archbishop-electors of Cologne
1:
907:1180 establishments in Europe
694:concessions from both sides.
534:, the Westphalian lands were
445:Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn
156:
769:After the Empire (1806–1815)
730:(1583–1612) and his brother
368:. The duchy was held by the
872:Medieval history of Germany
933:
917:Former countries in Europe
546:upon his conquests in the
416:(a former property of the
689:. Thereafter the town of
437:prince-bishops of Münster
254:
250:
223:
147:
131:
126:
659:Frederick von Saarwerden
586:, supporters of Emperor
486:hill range, part of the
418:Imperial Abbey of Corvey
45:This article includes a
643:Frederick I of Isenberg
576:Investiture Controversy
74:more precise citations.
791:Province of Westphalia
707:
598:and Volmarstein (near
580:Frederick I of Cologne
366:North Rhine-Westphalia
360:and today part of the
341:
110:
867:Electorate of Cologne
820:Catholic Encyclopedia
775:Kingdom of Westphalia
705:
618:Expansion (1180–1445)
449:Landgraviate of Hesse
176:Electorate of Cologne
732:Ferdinand of Bavaria
667:Dietrich II of Moers
608:Frederick Barbarossa
467:and the Westphalian
426:Duchy of Cleves-Mark
852:Duchy of Westphalia
612:Philip of Heinsberg
540:Cologne archbishops
488:Westphalian Lowland
342:Herzogtum Westfalen
334:Duchy of Westphalia
229:• Established
111:Herzogtum Westfalen
106:Duchy of Westphalia
783:Congress of Vienna
708:
564:Anno II of Cologne
451:, the counties of
239:• Annexed by
47:list of references
18:Duke of Westphalia
751:Thirty Years' War
728:Ernest of Bavaria
718:(1515–1546), the
623:Engelbert of Berg
346:Holy Roman Empire
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185:Holy Roman Empire
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16:(Redirected from
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716:Herman V of Wied
560:Grafschaft Abbey
424:was lost to the
402:Märkischer Kreis
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536:Christianized
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482:north of the
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773:In 1807 the
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265:Succeeded by
264:
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141:Coat of arms
86:
77:
66:Please help
58:
29:
755:Rhine River
736:Cologne War
720:Reformation
657:Archbishop
651:Weser River
562:in 1072 by
544:Charlemagne
492:mountainous
473:Lower Rhine
439:beyond the
260:Preceded by
218:Middle Ages
160: 1645
72:introducing
887:Westphalia
846:Categories
815:Westphalia
712:Soest Feud
710:After the
683:Soest Feud
548:Saxon Wars
532:Eastphalia
430:Soest Feud
428:after the
414:Volkmarsen
372:until its
354:stem duchy
350:Westphalia
204:Government
80:April 2013
882:Sauerland
757:. In the
647:Brunswick
639:Attendorn
635:Sauerland
556:episcopal
461:Franconia
432:in 1449.
386:districts
380:Geography
376:in 1803.
127:1102–1803
691:Arnsberg
588:Henry IV
584:Arnsberg
198:Arnsberg
811::
797:Sources
787:Prussia
740:Waldeck
627:Hellweg
552:Rhenish
538:by the
522:History
504:Erwitte
496:Hellweg
475:river.
457:Waldeck
194:Capital
183:of the
68:improve
779:Kassel
671:Cleves
631:Diemel
600:Wetter
596:Rüthen
528:Angria
516:Goslar
512:Aachen
508:Geseke
453:Nassau
406:Menden
358:Saxony
338:German
168:Status
118:German
114:
744:Hesse
679:Soest
675:Marck
663:Marck
441:Lippe
422:Soest
410:Balve
398:Soest
362:state
181:State
53:, or
742:and
673:and
649:the
592:Werl
530:and
506:and
500:Werl
484:Haar
455:and
408:and
392:and
390:Olpe
332:The
246:1803
233:1102
817:".
637:at
629:to
514:to
388:of
364:of
356:of
848::
765:.
594:,
518:.
502:,
340::
157:c.
57:,
49:,
404:(
336:(
120:)
116:(
93:)
87:(
82:)
78:(
64:.
20:)
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