Dungal MacDouall - Knowledge (XXG)

194: 338: 33: 301: 185:, the MacDoualls were natural opponents of the Bruce cause. Although the MacDoualls and MacCullochs profited in their support of the English, these families came to suffer after Robert's 1306 rise, when he later directed his vengeance against the MacDoualls of Galloway for the cruel deaths of Robert's brothers, Alexander and Thomas, who Dungal turned over to King Edward. Nevertheless, families such as the MacDoualls and MacCanns continued to oppose Robert on behalf of the English king they now fully supported, though they did it from England.</ref> 616:. Duncan's petition relates that his father received an annual sum of £20, and that at present, Duncan and Dungal's six other sons were deprived of support. As a result, Duncan requested that his father's pension be continued. Duncan's petition was endorsed: "It seems to the Council it would be charitable to do some favour to them". The names of Dungal's other sons are unknown. One possibility is that one was the Thomas MacDouall whose wife, Johanna, is reported to have been abducted at Carlisle in 1308, along with Thomas' goods and chattels. 540:, with whom he obtained a truce. The record of Robert setting off for Ireland may be significant in that he appears to have pursued a feud with Dungal from the castles of Dumfries and Rushen to Ireland. Although in comparison to his English counterpart Edward I, Robert appears to have shown remarkable personal restraint towards prisoners of war—particularly in the case of Dungal himself—there is reason to suspect that Edward Bruce's Gallovidian campaign of 1308 was prosecuted in the context of a bitter feud with the MacDoualls. 418:, confusingly identifies 'Donald of the Isles' as leader of the Gallovidian forces, but then includes a verse about the clash in which a 'Donald of Islay' is identified as an ally of Edward Bruce. As such, there is reason to suspect that the Bruce-aligned 'Donald' mentioned by this source is identical to Donald of Islay, and that the Gallovidian-aligned 'Donald' is identical to Donald MacCann, a Gallovidian who consistently supported the English against the Bruces, and who disappears from record at about this point in history. 572: 588: 469:. On 7 February 1312, Dungal was compelled to surrender the castle to Robert's forces. Despite his part in the capture and later execution of the Scottish king's brothers five years earlier, Dungal was allowed to go into exile after giving up the castle. The fall of Dumfries took place in the context of Robert's push to seize several castles in south-western Scotland that were still holding out against him. Of these, Dumfries and 325:. The Bruces' connections with the Gaelic world may have enabled the English Crown to treat adherents of the Bruces as if they were Irish. In truth, Edward was ruthless and without mercy, even to women and resented any desire for Scotland to be free. Thus, he may have used the Gaelic connection as an excuse. Such a possibility may be exemplified by the battlefield executions doled out by Dungal. 485: 358:. This operation appears to have been unleashed after the death of Edward I in July, and after the succeeding Edward II concluded a campaign of his own late in August, returning to Carlisle on 1 September. The Bruce campaign is partly evidenced by an English order, dated 25 September, commanding that refugee Gallovidians be allowed to feed their flocks in 217:. It is unknown if this strike was a mere maritime raid or the opening stage of a planned mainland campaign. One possibility is that the invading force was intended to divert attention from Robert's own landing. Another possibility is that the invading force was meant to annihilate the MacDoualls and MacCanns—if so, the attackers failed miserably. 312:

In 1308, King Robert sent his one remaining brother, Sir Edward Bruce, into Galloway to have their revenge on Dungal MacDouall for the loss of their two brothers. James Douglass went with Sir Edward and they attacked the MacDoualls and their English allies at night, chasing them from Galloway. After

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further reports that a knight named Roland, a man who may be identical to the otherwise attested Ronald MacGachan, was killed in the clash. It further relates that an island fortress was captured by Edward's force, and that Donald MacCann was thereby captured. The capture of Donald MacCann may mark

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As for the fates of Thomas, Alexander, and Reginald, the fact that Dungal spared them from death on the battlefield—only to hand them over to the English where they received the death of William Wallace—reveals that he was well aware of Edward I's orders: that Robert and his closest supporters were

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Dungal himself was dead by January 1327/1328, when his widow—identified as Margaret—was confirmed the ward of Henry Malton's former lands that had been granted to Dungal. Later in February, Edward III is recorded to have freed Dungal's executors from the demand of debts upon these lands, on account

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In August 1316, Matilda is recorded to have received a gift of £10 from Edward II, and Dungal himself is stated to have been entitled to a yearly sum of £20. At some point, Dungal is recorded to have been ordered by the English Crown to serve in Ireland, and to have petitioned the king for specific

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In correspondence dating to 29 May, Edward II commanded that Dumfries Castle be fortified. In July, Dungal's brother, Fergus, is recorded to have been engaged in supplying the castle with munitions. Later that month, Dungal acknowledged the receipt of certain supplies, although afterwards in August

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kinglet. This source reports that Dungal—described as "a chief among the Gallovidians"—defeated the invaders, who are stated to have landed on 9 February. The chronicle further relates that Dungal had the Lord of Kintyre and the Irish kinglet beheaded, and sent their heads to Edward I at Lanercost.

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It is well known that Angus Og Macdonald, then Lord of the Isles, supported King Robert Bruce throughout his campaign to claim Scotland and often supplied King Robert with galleys, warriors and galloglass. After the defeat of Dungal MacDouall in 1308, Sir Edward Bruce was named Lord of Galloway by

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A petition of Dungal's son and heir, Duncan MacDouall, dating to 1347, relates that Dungal lost £100 worth of Scottish lands supporting the cause of Edward I and Edward II. This source further reveals that a brother of Dungal was slain during the war—on account of the brothers' part in the capture

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in compensation. Specifically, in April 1309, Dungal received a royal grant of the Yorkshire manor of Temple-Cowton to sustain himself and his family. The record of his grant is the first time that Dungal is attested as a knight. It was probably an English elevation. Certainly, Dungal is stated to

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In March 1306/1307, on account of his success campaigning in support of the English, Dungal successfully petitioned Edward I to grant his like-named younger brother the marriage of the daughter and heir of Hugh Chaumpaigne. The same month, Dungal is recorded to have successfully requested a pardon

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This record corroborates the chronicle accounts of the taking and execution of the three. Another record, dated 19 February, identifies Dungal as "Captain of the army of Galloway", and reveals that Dungal transported Thomas, Alexander, Reginald, and the heads of "certain traitors from Kintyre and

623:. For example, in July 1310, Dungal is recorded to have received 100 merks from John for his service to the English. Later, in 1315/1316, John, Dungal, and Duncan MacGodfrey are recorded to have received wages and supplies from the English for their services against the Scottish Crown in the 990:

King Robert. Although there may be reason to suspect that the battle took place in the context of the well-attested Gallovidian campaigns of 1307 or 1313, because such a clash in 1308 is not corroborated by administrative sources, the fact that the battle is recounted by sources such as the

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Having been forced from Scotland, Dungal received an order of protection from the English Crown in August 1308, presumably in the context of an attempt to regain his lands. Nevertheless, Dungal's venture appears to have been unsuccessful, and months later he was granted an English

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Edward I's remorseless executions of King Robert's brothers (one of whom, Alexander, was a priest), and his supporters may be explained by his disgust at the idea of Scottish independence and Bruce's slaying of John Comyn, an act the English king regarded as sacrilegious. Although

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relates that a certain 'Donald of the Isles' led a host of Gallovidians to the River Dee, where they were defeated by Edward Bruce, and the leader was himself captured. Whilst it is possible that the defeated man mentioned by this source might refer to

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and Robert himself. Although an undated letter from Robert, addressed to "all the kings of Ireland, to the prelates and clergy, and to the inhabitants of all Ireland", could have been composed in the context of a proposed alliance on the eve of the

560:—until he could recover his lands in Scotland. In February 1326/1327, Edward III, King of England is recorded to have remitted the balance of the £10 Dungal was owed annually for the ward of the former lands of Henry Malton in York and Cumberland. 369:

Midway through 1308, Robert Bruce, then King Robert I, had his revenge on MacDouall when his brother, Sir Edward Bruce, overran Galloway, and in the process drove Dungal and his family out of Scotland. This campaign seems to be reported by the

804:. The fact that the operation included a Lord of Kintyre and an Irish kinglet is evidence of Robert's links with Ireland, and may lend weight to the identification of Malcolm as a MacQuillan. Malcolm's surname is rendered " 349:

Dungal's actions in support of the English may exemplify the Gallovidians stance against the Bruce cause. As a result of this opposition, Robert oversaw a campaign against the Gallovidians, commanded by his brother,

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reports that Robert and Edward Bruce marched on Galloway, where they took tribute from the land on the condition that it would be left in peace. One possibility is that this blackmailing took place in September.

458:. On 8 February 1311/1312, the manor—then recently taken into royal possession—was ordered by the king to be delivered into the hands of Dungal's wife, Matilda, until Dungal was able to receive it himself. 5906:

Murray, N (2002). "A House Divided Against Itself: A Brief Synopsis of the History of Clann Alexandair and the Early Career of "Good John of Islay" c. 1290–1370". In McGuire, NR; Ó Baoill, C (eds.).

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gets to covering the event is the remark that Reginald and Brice Blair were hanged in a barn in Ayr. Brice was probably executed in October 1306. The association between him and Reginald in the

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to quash the Bruce campaign in Galloway, since several English supporters—namely John St John, Dungal, and Donald MacCann—had alerted the English Crown of the dire situation in the region.

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40 on 3 February 1307 for the taking of Thomas, Alexander, and Reginald. Edward I is also recorded to have awarded Dungal with a grant of the forfeited lands of Brice Blair, the office of

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states that Thomas, Alexander, and Reginald were executed at Carlisle on 17 February. As a result of his services to the English Crown, the same source further reports that Dungal was

4766: 639:, and in March 1326/1327, Dungal is recorded to have petitioned Edward III for the balance of John's annual pension of 200 merks in order to pay off the John's outstanding debts. 321:

compassion became fashionable in England in the twelfth century, and spread into Scotland and Wales by the thirteenth century, there was no comparable political transformation in

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Strickland, M (2008). "Treason, Feud and the Growth of State Violence: Edward I and the 'War of the Earl of Carrick', 1306–7". In Given-Wilson, C; Kettle, A; Scales, L (eds.).

1006:, appears to affirm its historicity. One possible reason that English records may have overlooked the battle is that it was overshadowed by other events of 1308, such as the 505:

reports that the Scottish king led an invasion of this island on 18 May, with the assistance of his friend Angus Og Macdonald and his fleet of galleys. They made landfall at

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The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom

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in 1315–1318, there is reason to suspect that it was more likely drawn up in the winter of 1306/1307, on the eve of the ill-fated invasion of Galloway defeated by Dungal.

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region. Both Dungal and Duncan MacGodfrey are recorded amongst the garrison of Carlisle after the fall of Edward Bruce in 1318. It is possible that the activities of the

5583:(2004) . "Killing and Mutilating Political Enemies in the British Isles From the Late Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century: A Comparative Study". In Smith, B (ed.). 5441: 260:

gives a similar account of Dungal's actions, likewise naming his opponents as Bruce's brothers, Thomas, Alexander, and one Reginald, but differs by assigning the name

107:, whom he may have regarded as a kinsman. Dungal received grants of lands in England and Ireland after losing his own in Scotland. During his career, Dungal commanded 4926:

Fœdera, Conventiones, Litteræ, Et Cujuscunque Generis Acta Publica, Inter Reges Angliæ, Et Alios Quosvis Imperatores, Reges, Pontifices, Principes, Vel Communitates

946:. One identifies him as 'of Mar', another leaves a blank space after his name, indicating that the scribes were unsure as to the man's identity. According to the 635:. It is possible that Dungal regarded John MacDougall as a kinsman. John died in September 1317, and Dungal supervised his funeral. Dungal acted as the latter's 193: 167:

and Galloway. Amongst the men who Robert was working with were Gibbon MacCann, and Dungal himself, who were ordered to assemble two thousand men from Galloway.

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he is reported to have complained to the English Crown that a lack of supplies expected from Carlisle had contributed to the desertion of many of his men.

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Edward Bruce was certainly Lord of Galloway by the time of the St Andrews Parliament of 1309. Another man present at the parliament appears to have been

425:, states that his forces were partly composed of men from the Isles. The evidence of Donald of Islay in league with pro-Bruce forces could indicate that 245:

Thomas, Alexander, and Reginald, are similarly stated to have been sent to the king and received a traitor's death. According to the fourteenth-century

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until Dungal was forced to surrender it on 12 June. Dungal was probably appointed as commander of the castle at some point after an apparent coup by

115:, and is described by a contemporary record as "Captain of the army of Galloway". Dungal had a large family, and was succeeded by his son, Duncan. 6357: 6352: 4090: 1023:

Dungal is mentioned by an English royal warrant, dated 20 October 1311, regarding an appeal against Simon about felonies committed on the island.

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were probably the strongest. The army that forced the surrender of the besieged Dumfries garrison was probably commanded by Edward Bruce and

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Rannsachadh na Gàidhlig 2000: Papers Read at the Conference Scottish Gaelic Studies 2000 Held at the University of Aberdeen 2–4 August 2000

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The precise location of the MacDoualls' lands are uncertain, although they seem to have been in Wigtownshire, since the fourteenth-century

605:(image a) and Duncan MacGodfrey (image b), close allies in arms of Dungal, as they appear in a fourteenth-century petition to Edward II. 514: 5157:

Index to the Rolls of Parliament, Comprising the Petitions, Pleas, and Proceedings of Parliament, From Ann 6 Edw. I to Ann 19 Hen. VII

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are said to have fended off king's raiding fleets, the chartulary reports that he was able to land in Ireland on account of the

517:. The confusion caused by this revolt may have been seized upon by Robert, who probably launched his maritime invasion from the 602: 104: 5915: 963: 959: 474: 5890: 5462: 735:

A certain Dougal MacDouall and a Fergus MacDouall, men who may have been brothers, are reported to have rendered homage to

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Documents and Records Illustrating the History of Scotland and the Transactions Between the Crowns of Scotland and England

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Instrumenta Publica Sive Processus Super Fidelitatibus Et Homagiis Scotorum Domino Regi Angliæ Factis, A.D. MCCXCI–MCCXCVI

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was erroneous in placing him and the Islesmen against Edward Bruce's forces. One possibility is that the account given by

233: 5966: 5753:"Làn-Mara 's Mìle Seòl ("Floodtide and a Thousand Sails"): Gaelic Scotland and Gaelic Ireland in the Later Middle Ages" 5535: 5588: 5238: 5218: 5064: 5030: 4751: 1007: 529: 342: 305: 256: 171: 92: 4921: 4152:

Connolly, P (1987). "Irish Material in the Class of Ancient Petitions (SC8) in the Public Record Office, London".

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merely relates that Thomas and Alexander were captured at Loch Ryan, and sent to King Edward who beheaded them at

6224:"Scotland and the Isle of Man, c.1400–1625: Noble Power and Royal Presumption in the Northern Irish Sea Province" 6018: 5728:(1992). "The Scottish Soldier in Medieval Ireland: The Bruce Invasion and the Galloglass". In Simpson, GG (ed.). 5298: 4952: 4525: 822: 736: 632: 202: 100: 612:

and execution of Robert's brothers—and that Dungal's eldest son was slain, supporting the English cause, at the

6308:'A Nation Nobler in Blood and in Antiquity': Scottish National Identity in Gesta Annalia I and Gesta Annalia II 6026: 5090: 5056: 4981: 4909: 4875: 4825: 4801: 4700: 4675: 4517: 4483: 4449: 4415: 4381: 4347: 4313: 4279: 4245: 4211: 643:

of Dungal's faithful service. Dungal was succeeded by his son, Duncan. Margaret was dead by January 1333/1334.

6127: 6040: 5725: 3995:"Notice of a Manuscript of the Latter Part of the Fourteenth Century, Entitled Passio Scotorum Perjuratorum" 385: 6052:

Penman, M (1999). "A Fell Coniuracioun Agayn Robert the Douchty King: The Soules Conspiracy of 1318–1320".

4189: 6044: 5733: 4967: 4685: 136: 6104: 5432: 613: 247: 198: 156: 4645:

List of Diplomatic Documents, Scottish Documents, and Papal Bulls Preserved in the Public Record Office

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Grant, A (2012) . "Bravehearts and Coronets: Images of William Wallace and the Scottish Nobility". In

409:, an apparent member of Clan Donald, another possibility is that it instead refers to Dungal himself. 300: 5657: 4989: 4653: 873: 6030: 5562: 4708: 506: 470: 466: 393: 210: 4662:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 3. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 170:

In 1306, Robert Bruce asserted his claim to the Scottish throne. In the process he and his rival,

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A' Chòmhdhail Cheilteach Eadarnìseanta Congress 99: Cultural Contacts Within the Celtic Community

5690: 5674: 5413: 5397: 5320: 5280: 5263: 5247: 5183: 5108: 4975: 4819: 4167: 4154: 4035: 4019: 1011: 261: 5539: 5967:"Bruce, Balliol and the Lordship of Galloway: South-West Scotland and the Wars of Independence" 5275:

Blakely, RM (2009). "Galloway, the Solway Shore and the Nature of Borders". In Smith, B (ed.).

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Monumenta de Insula Manniæ; or, A Collection of National Documents Relating to the Isle of Man

4537: 4511: 4477: 4443: 4409: 4375: 4341: 4307: 4273: 4239: 4205: 4159: 4120: 4027: 951: 801: 501: 406: 229: 164: 39: 5442:"At the Crossroads of Power and Cultural Influence: Manx Archaeology in the High Middle Ages" 6311: 6280: 6235: 6131: 6077: 6061: 5490: 5389: 5312: 5303: 5169: 5098: 4929: 4741: 4592: 4577: 4110: 4094: 4081:

Calendar of the Patent Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office: Edward I, A.D. 1301–1307

4055: 4011: 817: 787: 359: 355: 266: 124: 88: 68: 5512:

Duffy, S (2002). "The Bruce Brothers and the Irish Sea World, 1306–29". In Duffy, S (ed.).

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In 1319/1320, Dungal was granted a £20 annuity for services rendered to the English Crown.

6294: 5894: 5615: 5607: 5580: 5545: 5486: 5366: 5210: 5112: 5018: 4999: 4663: 4631: 4612: 4558: 4533: 4184: 4140: 904: 848:, in support of the Bruce cause, in February 1306. The execution episode presented by the 740: 628: 571: 462: 455: 237: 182: 108: 6034: 5102: 4625: 532:

reports that Robert sent fleets to assail the Irish on the last day of May. Although the

6146: 5301:(2006). "Review of J Sadler, Clan Donald's Greatest Defeat: The Battle of Harlaw 1411". 5187: 5136: 4760: 4716: 4134: 87:(died before 1327/1328) was a fourteenth-century Scottish nobleman, and a member of the 5380: 4812:

Rotuli Parliamentorum ut et Petitiones, et Placita in Parliamento Tempore Edwardi R. I.

4712: 4643: 4584: 858: 620: 587: 549: 537: 414: 322: 225: 152: 6154:

Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society

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Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society

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Ireland and the English World in the Late Middle Ages: Essays in Honour of Robin Frame

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for Elias Vaux, for the latter's part in the killing of Nicholas, son of Robert Goyt.

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Dungal's name as it appears on folio 50r of British Library Cotton Julius A VII (the

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Joannis de Fordun Scotichronicon cum Supplementis ac Continuatione Walteri Boweri

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Following his expulsion from Rushen, Dungal appears to have gone to Ireland. The

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The account of Edward Bruce's campaigning against the Gallovidians, given by the

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The Scottish attack on the castle has left no traceable archaeological evidence.

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of Ayr, and the lands of the Mark that had been previously held by Robert Boyd.

4679: 4552: 3980: 3969: 933:, the Gallovidians who could escape the carnage were forced to flee to England. 264:

to the Lord of Kintyre, and notes two Irish chieftains. The fourteenth-century

6332: 5494: 525: 318: 286: 141: 6255: 6247: 6165: 6091: 6073: 6065: 5985: 5946: 5938: 5792: 5784: 5686: 5678: 5409: 5401: 5393: 5332: 5324: 5316: 5259: 5251: 4775:"Petitioners: Duncan de Mackoury, Bachelor of John de Argyle. Name(s): de..." 4491: 4457: 4423: 4389: 4355: 4321: 4287: 4253: 4219: 4163: 4031: 4023: 4015: 495:

At some point after his expulsion from Dumfries, Dungal was stationed on the

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in 1296. This submission of the former appears to correspond to an attached

624: 214: 6298: 6223: 5585:

Britain and Ireland 900–1300: Insular Responses to Medieval European Change

5549: 5378:

Caldwell, DH (2012). "Scottish Spearmen, 1298–1314: An Answer to Cavalry".

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Barrow, GWS (1976). "Lothian in the First War of Independence, 1296–1328".

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Calendar of the Close Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office: Edward I

484: 552:

to warn Edward II at York of an impending attack by Robert upon Carlisle.

6212: 5451:. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 81–102. 877: 774: 659: 636: 289:, 26 March 1307. Dungal is elsewhere recorded to have been rewarded with 282: 271: 128: 63: 6333:

Dougal mac Dubgaill (MacDowall) @ People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371

6263: 5954: 5694: 5267: 4718:

Chronica Regvm Manniæ et Insvlarvm: The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys

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is probably one of the sources for a somewhat similar story, set at the

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Nicholson, R (1963). "A Sequel to Edward Bruce's Invasion of Ireland".

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The Bruce: Being the Metrical History of Robert Bruce King of the Scots

557: 389: 294: 160: 103:

for his services to the English Crown. Dungal was a close associate of

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The Kingdom of the Isles: Scotland's Western Seaboard, c. 1100–c. 1336

491:. Dungal commanded the castle against the invading forces of Robert I. 6136: 6082: 778: 533: 4883: 4115: 4947:; Borthwick, A; Latham, RE; Phillips, JRS; Smith, MS, eds. (1991). 4627:

Wallace; or, the Life and acts of Sir William Wallace, of Ellerslie

4101:; Grant, GJ; Hunt, WG; Sykes, AG; Graham, IDG; Moffett, JC (eds.). 3381:

Crome, Sarah, Scotland's First War of Independence, 1999, at p. 110

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Whilst serving the king in 1310/1311, Dungal was made constable of

5752: 4847: 483: 412:

A later account of the battle, preserved by the fifteenth-century

336: 299: 192: 5651: 5514:

Robert the Bruce's Irish Wars: The Invasions of Ireland 1306–1329

5428:

The Second Scottish War of Independence, 1332–41: A National War?

4576:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 2. London: 224:, the invasion force consisted of eighteen ships, and was led by 5863:

The Wars of the Bruces: Scotland, England and Ireland, 1306–1328

4648:. Lists and Indexes. New York: Kraus Reprint Corporation. 1963 . 290: 174:, argued and Comyn was killed at Grayfriars Church in Dumfries. 5827:. Scottish Historical Monographs. East Linton: Tuckwell Press. 5449:

Mannin Revisited: Twelve Essays on Manx Culture and Environment

5426: 880:. The executions of Thomas and Alexander are also noted by the 437:

in its identification of Edward Bruce's foe as from the Isles.

5342:

Bannockburn: The Scottish War and the British Isles, 1307–1323

845: 816:). He may be identical to the Malcolm who was associated with 313:

that success, King Robert made his brother, Lord of Galloway.

147:

As part of the summer campaign of the English forces in 1303,

4074:. Vol. 6. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1892. 631:

and MacDoualls in the Irish Sea region partly spurned on the

441:

Ejection, territorial grants, constabularies and shrievalties

213:

a force of Bruce supporters who invaded Galloway, landing at

140:

reports that Dungal's son, Duncan, raised forces "beyond the

6194:

War, Government and Aristocracy in the British Isles, c.1150

800:

There is reason to suspect that Malcolm was a member of the

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have been "hated by the enemy" for his actions in Scotland.

5665:

Lamont, WD (1981). "Alexander of Islay, Son of Angus Mór".

5485:. British History in Perspective. Houndmills, Basingstoke: 6124:

The Political Rôle of the Monarchy in Scotland, 1249–1329

5639:

The Reliquary, Quarterly Archæological Journal and Review

4139:. Vol. 2. London: English Historical Society. 1849. 3014:

Crome, Sarah, Scotland's First War of Independence, 1999,

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on folio 105r of Oxford Bodleian Library Rawlinson C 292.

5541:

Some Feudal Coats of Arms From Heraldic Rolls, 1298–1418

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Since the 1990s, academics have accorded Dungal various

5215:

Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland

3985:. Vol. 4. Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House. 3974:. Vol. 3. Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House. 3963:. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House. 388:

in this Gallovidian campaign may have been fought near

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on folio 9r of Oxford Bodleian Library Rawlinson C 292.

5141:. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. 4767:

The Commissioners on the Public Records of the Kingdom

5773:

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

4003:

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

958:, the leaders of the Bruce forces were Edward Bruce, 6363:

Scottish people of the Wars of Scottish Independence

5844:

Robert Bruce: Our Most Valiant Prince, King and Lord

980:

the point at which the MacCanns submitted to Robert.

5447:. In Davey, P; Finlayson, D; Thomlinson, P (eds.). 950:, the English forces were led by Aymer St John and 844:may stem from their apparent part in the taking of 74: 62: 54: 23: 6272: 6196:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 84–113. 5910:. Aberdeen: An Clò Gaidhealach. pp. 221–230. 4888:The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707 4853:The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707 5138:Documents Illustrative of the History of Scotland 5014:John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish Nation 4747:Parliamentary Writs and Writs of Military Summons 454:Prior to 1308, the manor was a possession of the 4084:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1898. 2219: 2217: 548:In July 1314, Dungal was sent from Carlisle by 251:, the invaders had been "surprised by night". 151:was ordered to assemble one thousand men from 5759:. Inverness: Celtic Congress. pp. 77–97. 5635:"The 'Nativity' Roll of Arms, Temp. Edward I" 4103:Dictionary of British Arms: Medieval Ordinary 4048:Calendar of Chancery Warrants, A.D. 1244–1326 1908: 1906: 8: 6036:A History of the County of York North Riding 4591:. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: Roberti Flaminii. 3504: 3502: 2806: 2804: 4995:Johannis de Fordun Chronica Gentis Scotorum 744: 499:, as the thirteenth- to fourteenth-century 44: 5104:Chronicon de Lanercost, M.CC.I.–M.CCC.XLVI 4963:Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland 3982:Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland 3971:Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland 3960:Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland 942:There are numerous manuscript versions of 127:, one of the most influential kindreds of 31: 20: 6315: 6135: 6081: 5344:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 5173: 4960:Simpson, GG; Galbraith, JD, eds. (n.d.). 4933: 4736:. Vol. 2. Douglas, IM: Manx Society. 4596: 4114: 4089:Society Of Antiquaries Of London (1992). 4059: 396:, rather than the Cree as claimed by the 254:The continuation of the Paris version of 4573:Chartularies of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin 1380: 1378: 6310:(PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. 5365:. Vol. 1. Stirling: Eneas Mackay. 5166:The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland 4611:. Edinburgh: The Bannatyne Club. 1834. 4136:Chronicon Domini Walteri de Hemingburgh 2347:The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland 2303:The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland 2112:Chronicon Domini Walteri de Hemingburgh 1966:Chronicon Domini Walteri de Hemingburgh 1700:Chronicon Domini Walteri de Hemingburgh 1677:Chronicon Domini Walteri de Hemingburgh 1354:Chesshyre; Woodcock; Grant et al (1992) 1043: 651: 5766:"The Sigillography of the Ragman Roll" 5730:The Scottish Soldier Abroad, 1247–1967 5130:. Vol. 5, pt. 1. London: Seeleys. 5082: 5048: 4973: 4901: 4867: 4817: 4793: 4509: 4496:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 4475: 4462:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 4441: 4428:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1314 4407: 4394:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1314 4373: 4360:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1314 4339: 4326:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1314 4305: 4292:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 4271: 4258:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 4237: 4224:People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1314 4203: 3684:Rotuli Parliamentorum ut et Petitiones 4696:The Chronicle of Lanercost, 1272–1346 749:", and seemingly depicts the image a 362:. Five days later, Edward II ordered 341:A fourteenth-century illumination of 7: 6217:(PhD thesis). University of Glasgow. 6177:(EPUB). Edinburgh: Canongate Books. 5846:(EPUB). Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited. 5732:. The Mackie Monographs. Edinburgh: 5017:. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas. 4998:. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas. 3137:pp. 25, 93, 105, 110–111, 114, 199; 856:, depicted by the fifteenth-century 6348:Nobility from Dumfries and Galloway 6101:Robert the Bruce: King of the Scots 2947:Shead; Stevenson; Watt et al (1991) 2927:Shead; Stevenson; Watt et al (1991) 2895:Shead; Stevenson; Watt et al (1991) 2859:Shead; Stevenson; Watt et al (1991) 2839:Shead; Stevenson; Watt et al (1991) 2736:Shead; Stevenson; Watt et al (1991) 2708:Shead; Stevenson; Watt et al (1991) 2457:Shead; Stevenson; Watt et al (1991) 2040:Shead; Stevenson; Watt et al (1991) 1957:Shead; Stevenson; Watt et al (1991) 1660:Shead; Stevenson; Watt et al (1991) 1195:Shead; Stevenson; Watt et al (1991) 834:The closest the fourteenth-century 812:" (which is probably a mistake for 619:Dungal was closely associated with 6214:The Historicity of Barbour's Bruce 4809:Parliament, Great Britain (n.d.). 4630:. Glasgow: Maurice Ogle & Co. 163:; and a further one thousand from 97:First War of Scottish Independence 14: 5653:The Household Knights of Edward I 5544:. London: James Parker & Co. 4835:Rotuli Scotiæ in Turri Londinensi 4532:. Canongate Classics. Edinburgh: 3053:Rotuli Scotiæ in Turri Londinensi 1892:pp. 152–153 bk. 4, 152 n. 36–38; 777:dating to the reign of Edward I, 149:Robert Bruce VII, Earl of Carrick 5865:(EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald. 5127:The Church Historians of England 4107:Society of Antiquaries of London 3642:pp. 203, 379 n. 118, 382 n. 59; 586: 570: 91:. He was a vigorous opponent of 6175:Robert the Bruce, King of Scots 5891:Oliphant Anderson & Ferrier 4052:His Majesty's Stationery Office 3677:Petitioners: Duncan de Mackoury 3672:Strachey; Pridden; Upham (1832) 105:John MacDougall, Lord of Argyll 6358:14th-century Scottish nobility 6353:13th-century Scottish nobility 5704:The Knights Templar in Britain 5559:Ireland and Britain, 1170–1450 4928:. Vol. 2, pt. 1. London. 662:in English secondary sources: 1: 5065:"Statutes of England to 1320" 5031:"Statutes of England to 1320" 4557:. London: Gowans & Gray. 3456:Calendar of Chancery Warrants 1844:ch. 5 ¶¶ 53–55, 5 ¶ 55 n. 7; 1055:Cotton MS Julius A VII (n.d.) 894:not to be summarily executed. 378:, and the fourteenth-century 177:Like other native Gallovdian 5802:Scotland's Historic Heraldry 5633:Greenstreet, J (1874–1875). 4721:. Vol. 1. Douglas, IM: 3703:List of Diplomatic Documents 3602:List of Diplomatic Documents 2949:pp. 344–345, 444–445 n. 54; 2861:pp. 344–345, 444–445 n. 54; 2841:pp. 344–345, 444–445 n. 54; 2261:Calendar of the Patent Rolls 2163:Calendar of the Patent Rolls 5889:. Famous Scots. Edinburgh: 5656:(PhD thesis). Vol. 1. 4840:His Majesty King George III 3160:Calendar of the Close Rolls 2427:Calendar of the Close Rolls 2280:Statutes of England to 1320 2171:pp. 473 § 1757, 477 § 1776. 1526:Statutes of England to 1320 333:Further defence of Galloway 181:, such as the MacCanns and 123:Dungal was the head of the 6379: 6228:Scottish Historical Review 6017:. Vol. 5. Edinburgh: 5927:Scottish Historical Review 5667:Scottish Historical Review 5589:Cambridge University Press 5483:Ireland in the Middle Ages 5239:Scottish Historical Review 5219:Edinburgh University Press 5135:Stevenson, J, ed. (1870). 5124:Stevenson, J, ed. (1858). 4943:Shead, NF; Stevenson, WB; 4752:His Majesty King George IV 4551:Eyre-Todd, G, ed. (1907). 1896:pp. 57 bk. 4, 407 n. 104; 1319:Instrumenta Publica (1834) 556:lands in Ireland—those of 93:Robert I, King of Scotland 5495:10.1007/978-1-349-25171-1 5362:History of Scottish Seals 4953:Aberdeen University Press 4951:. Vol. 6. Aberdeen: 4759:Palgrave, F, ed. (1837). 4624:Jamieson, J, ed. (1869). 4570:Gilbert, JT, ed. (1884). 3817:Simpson; Galbraith (n.d.) 2833:pp. 344, 344–345 n. 479; 2067:Simpson; Galbraith (n.d.) 823:Bruce campaign in Ireland 765:is probably an error for 759:Dunkan Makdonell d'Escoce 737:Edward I, King of England 633:Bruce campaign in Ireland 285:by Edward at Carlisle on 101:Edward I, King of England 30: 6066:10.3366/inr.1999.50.1.25 5394:10.1177/0968344512439966 5317:10.3366/inr.2006.57.1.98 4935:2027/umn.31951002098037g 4730:Oliver, JR, ed. (1861). 4701:James Maclehose and Sons 4693:Maxwell, H, ed. (1913). 4180:"Cotton MS Julius A VII" 4016:10.9750/PSAS.019.166.192 3671: 3551:pp. 111–112, 112 n. 170. 3493: 3366: 3335: 3260: 2890: 2834: 2662:pp. 234–235, 469 n. 81; 2626:pp. 234–235, 469 n. 81; 2586:pp. 234–235, 469 n. 81; 2534:pp. 234–235, 469 n. 81; 2498:pp. 268–269 n. 239–351; 2472: 2278: 2145: 2059: 1849: 1697:pp. 294, 337 nn. 49–50; 1524: 465:, and as such served as 209:In January 1307, Dungal 6240:10.3366/shr.1998.77.1.1 6128:University of Edinburgh 6041:Victoria County History 6039:. Vol. 1. London: 6031:"Parishes: East Cowton" 5192:. Vol. 2. London: 5175:2027/mdp.39015035897480 5011:Skene, WF, ed. (1872). 4598:2027/mdp.39015005759371 4105:. Vol. 1. London: 4061:2027/mdp.39015066345177 3935: 3931: 3919: 3907: 3903: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3851: 3847: 3835: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3800: 3788: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3732: 3728: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3701: 3697: 3682: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3627: 3623: 3611: 3607: 3600: 3596: 3584: 3580: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3548: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3512: 3508: 3481: 3469: 3454: 3450: 3438: 3434: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3307: 3303: 3291: 3279: 3275: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3216: 3212: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3165: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3138: 3134: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3051: 3047: 3035: 3023: 3002: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2962: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2894: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2842: 2838: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2810: 2795: 2791: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2735: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2683: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2518:pp. 268–269 n. 239–351. 2515: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2480: 2477:Rymer; Sanderson (1818) 2476: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2432: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2385: 2381: 2366: 2359: 2352: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2322: 2315: 2308: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2266: 2259: 2255: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2223: 2208: 2204: 2192: 2180: 2168: 2161: 2157: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2066: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1971: 1964: 1963:pp. 179–180, 180 n. 1; 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1912: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1857: 1853: 1845: 1841: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1820:pp. 408–409, 491 n. 9; 1817: 1813: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1777: 1773: 1761: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1698: 1694: 1682: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1607: 1595: 1591: 1579: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1512: 1500: 1488: 1484: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1384: 1370:Greenstreet (1874–1875) 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1341: 1337: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1294: 1290: 1278: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1246: 1234: 1222: 1210: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1166: 1154: 1142: 1130: 1118: 1106: 1094: 1090: 1078: 1066: 1054: 1050: 874:Edward, Prince of Wales 530:St Mary's Abbey, Dublin 6045:British History Online 5734:John Donald Publishers 5650:Ingamells, RL (1992). 5189:The Flowers of History 4968:Scottish Record Office 4686:Adam and Charles Black 992:Chronicle of Lanercost 956:Chronicle of Lanercost 931:Chronicle of Lanercost 918:Chronicle of Lanercost 786:, three lions rampant 769:) is preserved by the 745: 492: 431:Chronicle of Lanercost 423:Chronicle of Lanercost 392:, on the banks of the 372:Chronicle of Lanercost 364:John, Earl of Richmond 346: 309: 279:Chronicle of Lanercost 240:, and an unidentified 222:Chronicle of Lanercost 206: 172:John Comyn of Badenoch 137:Chronicle of Lanercost 99:, and was knighted by 45: 6105:Yale University Press 5886:King Robert the Bruce 5861:McNamee, C (2012b) . 5842:McNamee, C (2012a) . 5823:McDonald, RA (1997). 5800:McAndrew, BA (2006). 5764:McAndrew, BA (1999). 5751:MacGregor, M (2000). 5433:University of Glasgow 5168:. Vol. 1. 1844. 4779:The National Archives 4188:. n.d. Archived from 3979:Bain, J, ed. (1888). 3968:Bain, J, ed. (1887). 3957:Bain, J, ed. (1884). 3093:pp. 308, 342 n. 123; 3050:pp. 308, 342 n. 123; 2953:p. 242 bk. 12 ch. 17. 2865:p. 242 bk. 12 ch. 17. 2845:p. 242 bk. 12 ch. 17. 2794:pp. 308, 342 n. 121; 2714:pp. 308, 342 n. 121; 2594:pp. 308, 342 n. 121; 975:The account given by 882:Guisborough Chronicle 743:that bears the name " 614:Battle of Bannockburn 487: 354:, who was later made 340: 303: 248:Guisborough Chronicle 197:A fourteenth-century 196: 6271:Traquair, P (1998). 6222:Thornton, T (1998). 6211:Taggart, JH (2004). 5658:University of Durham 5591:. pp. 114–134. 5425:Daniels, PW (2013). 5089:: CS1 maint: year ( 5055:: CS1 maint: year ( 4980:: CS1 maint: year ( 4908:: CS1 maint: year ( 4874:: CS1 maint: year ( 4824:: CS1 maint: year ( 4800:: CS1 maint: year ( 4516:: CS1 maint: year ( 4482:: CS1 maint: year ( 4448:: CS1 maint: year ( 4414:: CS1 maint: year ( 4380:: CS1 maint: year ( 4346:: CS1 maint: year ( 4312:: CS1 maint: year ( 4278:: CS1 maint: year ( 4244:: CS1 maint: year ( 4210:: CS1 maint: year ( 2945:pp. 344–345 n. 479; 2917:p. 285, 285 n. 103; 2885:p. 285, 285 n. 103; 2463:pp. 299, 338 n. 76; 2207:p. 101, 101 n. 102; 2109:pp. 294, 337 n. 50; 6173:Scott, RN (2009) . 6147:"Edward de Balliol" 5563:The Hambledon Press 5359:Birch, WDG (1905). 3993:, ed. (1884–1885). 3819:pp. 230–231 § 562; 3038:pp. 344–345 n. 479. 2758:pp. 161–163 bk. 9; 2698:p. 125, 125 n. 91; 2686:pp. 235, 469 n. 82. 2670:pp. 161–163 bk. 9; 2614:p. 125, 125 n. 91; 2451:p. 268 n. 239–351; 2412:p. 268 n. 239–351; 2246:pp. 506–507 § 1905. 2226:p. 101, 101 n. 102. 2069:p. 216 § 492 (xvi). 2042:pp. 433–434 n. 33; 1931:pp. 402–403 n. 38; 1800:pp. 437–438 n. 11; 1796:pp. 105, 356 n. 3; 1732:pp. 594–595 ch. 27. 962:, Robert Boyd, and 954:. According to the 467:Sheriff of Dumfries 189:War with the Bruces 6099:Penman, M (2014). 5520:. pp. 45–70. 5283:. pp. 55–67. 5281:Palgrave Macmillan 5109:The Bannatyne Club 4659:Flores Historiarum 4155:Analecta Hibernica 3419:Munch; Goss (1874) 2897:pp. 444–445 n. 54. 2762:pp. 153–155 bk. 9. 2674:pp. 153–155 bk. 9. 2388:p. 268 n. 239–351. 2136:pp. 318–319 § 143. 1935:pp. 141–142 bk. 7. 1463:pp. 36 n. 27, 37; 1455:pp. 62, 67 n. 34; 1051:Munch; Goss (1874) 1012:herschip of Buchan 916:At one point, the 493: 347: 310: 257:Flores historiarum 236:, an unidentified 207: 46:Dungalli Mac Dowyl 6306:Young, F (2018). 6203:978-1-84383-389-5 6184:978-1-84767-746-4 6145:Reid, RC (1958). 6122:Reid, NH (1984). 6114:978-0-300-14872-5 6103:. New Haven, CT: 5872:978-0-85790-495-9 5853:978-0-85790-496-6 5834:978-1-898410-85-0 5736:. pp. 1–15. 5717:978-1-4058-0163-8 5702:Lord, E (2013) . 5625:978-0-85790-494-2 5557:Frame, R (1998). 5518:Tempus Publishing 5504:978-1-349-25171-1 5481:Duffy, S (1997). 5468:on 6 January 2017 5440:Davey, P (2002). 5351:978-0-7486-3332-6 5340:Brown, M (2008). 5290:978-0-230-54289-1 5203:Secondary sources 4578:Longman & Co. 4543:978-0-86241-681-2 4322:"Document 4/27/0" 4254:"Document 1/28/0" 4091:"Heraldic Device" 3549:Strickland (2008) 3365:pp. 55–56 § 281; 2929:p. 444–445 n. 54. 2224:Strickland (2008) 2209:Gillingham (2004) 2205:Strickland (2008) 2193:Gillingham (2004) 2181:Gillingham (2004) 2158:Strickland (2008) 2026:p. 152 n. 36–38; 1988:Strickland (2008) 1872:p. 152 n. 36–38; 1816:ch. 14 ¶¶ 13–15; 1718:Strickland (2008) 1648:Strickland (2008) 1642:p. 152 n. 36–38; 1556:Strickland (2008) 1485:Strickland (2008) 1067:Strickland (2008) 1008:loss of Inverurie 960:Alexander Lindsay 952:Ingram Umfraville 802:MacQuillan family 680:Douglas Macdowell 502:Chronicle of Mann 234:Reginald Crawford 220:According to the 82: 81: 78:Matilda, Margaret 40:Chronicle of Mann 16:Scottish nobleman 6370: 6321: 6319: 6302: 6281:Roberts Rinehart 6278: 6267: 6218: 6207: 6188: 6169: 6151: 6141: 6139: 6118: 6095: 6085: 6054:The Innes Review 6048: 6022: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5994: 5988:. Archived from 5971: 5958: 5921: 5902: 5876: 5857: 5838: 5819: 5796: 5770: 5760: 5747: 5721: 5698: 5661: 5646: 5629: 5612:The Wallace Book 5602: 5576: 5553: 5531: 5508: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5467: 5461:. Archived from 5446: 5436: 5421: 5374: 5355: 5336: 5304:The Innes Review 5294: 5271: 5232: 5197: 5179: 5177: 5161: 5142: 5131: 5120: 5094: 5088: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5069:Digital Bodleian 5060: 5054: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5035:Digital Bodleian 5026: 5007: 4985: 4979: 4971: 4956: 4939: 4937: 4913: 4907: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4879: 4873: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4843: 4829: 4823: 4815: 4805: 4799: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4770: 4755: 4737: 4726: 4704: 4689: 4671: 4649: 4639: 4620: 4602: 4600: 4580: 4566: 4547: 4521: 4515: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4492:"Document 6/2/0" 4487: 4481: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4458:"Document 5/3/0" 4453: 4447: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4424:"Document 5/3/0" 4419: 4413: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4390:"Document 5/3/0" 4385: 4379: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4356:"Document 5/3/0" 4351: 4345: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4317: 4311: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4288:"Document 3/0/0" 4283: 4277: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4249: 4243: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4220:"Document 0/0/0" 4215: 4209: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4175: 4158:(34): 1, 3–106. 4148: 4130: 4118: 4085: 4075: 4065: 4063: 4043: 3999: 3986: 3975: 3964: 3939: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3901: 3895: 3881: 3875: 3861: 3855: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3792: 3786: 3780: 3762: 3756: 3742: 3736: 3726: 3720: 3695: 3689: 3657: 3651: 3637: 3631: 3621: 3615: 3594: 3588: 3578: 3572: 3558: 3552: 3546: 3540: 3522: 3516: 3506: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3448: 3442: 3432: 3426: 3423:Stevenson (1858) 3388: 3382: 3379: 3373: 3348: 3342: 3317: 3311: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3273: 3267: 3226: 3220: 3210: 3204: 3175: 3169: 3148: 3142: 3132: 3126: 3112: 3106: 3064: 3058: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2991:Stevenson (1839) 2972: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2936: 2930: 2904: 2898: 2872: 2866: 2852: 2846: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2799: 2789: 2783: 2780:Stevenson (1839) 2769: 2763: 2760:Eyre-Todd (1907) 2756:Mackenzie (1909) 2745: 2739: 2733: 2727: 2722:p. 337 ch. 125; 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2672:Eyre-Todd (1907) 2668:Mackenzie (1909) 2645: 2639: 2634:p. 337 ch. 125; 2609: 2603: 2600:Stevenson (1839) 2578:ch. 2 ¶¶ 18–20; 2565: 2559: 2556:Stevenson (1839) 2545: 2539: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2504:Stevenson (1839) 2493: 2487: 2442: 2436: 2395: 2389: 2379: 2373: 2335: 2329: 2291: 2285: 2276: 2270: 2253: 2247: 2233: 2227: 2221: 2212: 2202: 2196: 2190: 2184: 2178: 2172: 2155: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2123: 2117: 2100: 2094: 2076: 2070: 2052:Mackenzie (1909) 2028:Ingamells (1992) 2009: 2003: 2000:Stevenson (1839) 1981: 1975: 1972:Stevenson (1839) 1942: 1936: 1929:Mackenzie (1909) 1922: 1916: 1915:p. 152 n. 36–38. 1910: 1901: 1898:Eyre-Todd (1907) 1894:Mackenzie (1909) 1887: 1881: 1876:p. 335 ch. 120; 1867: 1861: 1856:p. 72, 72 n. 6; 1850:MacGregor (2000) 1839: 1833: 1830:Nicholson (1963) 1811: 1805: 1787: 1781: 1778:Bute (1884–1885) 1771: 1765: 1759: 1753: 1739: 1733: 1722:Ingamells (1992) 1711: 1705: 1692: 1686: 1683:Stevenson (1839) 1672:Mackenzie (1909) 1652:Ingamells (1992) 1617: 1611: 1605: 1599: 1589: 1583: 1577: 1571: 1537: 1531: 1522: 1516: 1510: 1504: 1498: 1492: 1482: 1476: 1473:Stevenson (1870) 1446: 1440: 1437:Stevenson (1870) 1414: 1408: 1405:Stevenson (1839) 1394: 1388: 1382: 1373: 1351: 1345: 1335: 1329: 1304: 1298: 1288: 1282: 1276: 1270: 1256: 1250: 1244: 1238: 1232: 1226: 1220: 1214: 1208: 1202: 1176: 1170: 1164: 1158: 1152: 1146: 1140: 1134: 1128: 1122: 1119:Ingamells (1992) 1116: 1110: 1104: 1098: 1088: 1082: 1076: 1070: 1064: 1058: 1048: 1033: 1030: 1024: 1021: 1015: 996:Gesta Annalia II 987: 981: 973: 967: 944:Gesta Annalia II 940: 934: 927: 921: 914: 908: 901: 895: 891: 885: 869: 863: 832: 826: 818:Dunaverty Castle 798: 792: 748: 746:S'DVNCAL MCD.VIL 733: 727: 720:Dungal MacDowell 716:Dungal Macdowell 712:Dungal MacDowall 708:Dungal Macdowall 704:Dungal MacDouall 700:Dungal Macdouall 692:Duncan MacDougal 688:Dugald Macdowall 684:Dugald MacDouall 672:Dougal Macdowall 668:Dougal MacDowall 656: 590: 574: 515:Simon de Montagu 435:Gesta Annalia II 427:Gesta Annalia II 402:Gesta Annalia II 400:. Specifically, 376:Gesta Annalia II 360:Inglewood Forest 356:Lord of Galloway 267:Gesta Annalia II 125:MacDouall family 89:MacDouall family 85:Dungal MacDouall 69:MacDouall family 58:Duncan MacDouall 48: 35: 25:Dungal MacDouall 21: 6378: 6377: 6373: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6368: 6367: 6338: 6337: 6329: 6324: 6305: 6291: 6275:Freedom's Sword 6270: 6221: 6210: 6204: 6191: 6185: 6172: 6149: 6144: 6121: 6115: 6098: 6051: 6025: 6007: 5998: 5996: 5995:on 20 June 2019 5992: 5969: 5961: 5924: 5918: 5905: 5879: 5873: 5860: 5854: 5841: 5835: 5822: 5816: 5799: 5768: 5763: 5750: 5744: 5724: 5718: 5701: 5664: 5649: 5632: 5626: 5616:Birlinn Limited 5605: 5599: 5579: 5573: 5556: 5534: 5528: 5511: 5505: 5487:Macmillan Press 5480: 5471: 5469: 5465: 5459: 5444: 5439: 5424: 5377: 5358: 5352: 5339: 5297: 5291: 5274: 5235: 5229: 5209: 5205: 5200: 5182: 5164: 5154:, eds. (1832). 5145: 5134: 5123: 5097: 5081: 5074: 5072: 5063: 5047: 5040: 5038: 5029: 5010: 4988: 4972: 4966:. Vol. 5. 4959: 4942: 4924:, eds. 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(2007) . 4524: 4508: 4501: 4499: 4490: 4474: 4467: 4465: 4456: 4440: 4433: 4431: 4422: 4406: 4399: 4397: 4388: 4372: 4365: 4363: 4354: 4338: 4331: 4329: 4320: 4304: 4297: 4295: 4286: 4270: 4263: 4261: 4252: 4236: 4229: 4227: 4218: 4202: 4195: 4193: 4192:on 20 July 2021 4185:British Library 4178: 4151: 4133: 4127: 4116:10.5284/1049652 4088: 4078: 4068: 4046: 3997: 3989: 3978: 3967: 3956: 3952: 3950:Primary sources 3947: 3942: 3932:Reid, RC (1958) 3930: 3926: 3920:Reid, RC (1958) 3918: 3914: 3904:Reid, RC (1958) 3902: 3898: 3888:Reid, RC (1958) 3882: 3878: 3872:Reid, RC (1958) 3862: 3858: 3848:Reid, RC (1958) 3846: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3811: 3807: 3799: 3795: 3789:McNamee (2012b) 3787: 3783: 3773:Reid, RC (1958) 3769:McNamee (2012b) 3763: 3759: 3749:Reid, RC (1958) 3745:Thornton (1998) 3743: 3739: 3729:Reid, RC (1958) 3727: 3723: 3709:Reid, RC (1958) 3696: 3692: 3660:Connolly (1987) 3658: 3654: 3638: 3634: 3624:Reid, RC (1958) 3622: 3618: 3608:Reid, RC (1958) 3595: 3591: 3581:Reid, RC (1958) 3579: 3575: 3565:Reid, RC (1958) 3561:Traquair (1998) 3559: 3555: 3547: 3543: 3533:McNamee (2012b) 3529:McNamee (2012a) 3523: 3519: 3513:McNamee (2012b) 3509:McNamee (2012a) 3507: 3500: 3492: 3488: 3480: 3476: 3470:McNamee (2012b) 3468: 3464: 3453:p. 4, 4 n. 15; 3451:Thornton (1998) 3449: 3445: 3433: 3429: 3411:McDonald (1997) 3407:Thornton (1998) 3395:McNamee (2012b) 3389: 3385: 3380: 3376: 3359:Reid, RC (1958) 3349: 3345: 3328:Reid, RC (1958) 3318: 3314: 3304:Reid, RC (1958) 3302: 3298: 3290: 3286: 3274: 3270: 3249:Reid, RC (1958) 3227: 3223: 3213:Reid, RC (1958) 3211: 3207: 3190:Reid, RC (1958) 3176: 3172: 3151:Reid, RC (1958) 3149: 3145: 3133: 3129: 3125:p. 17 §§ 83–84. 3119:Reid, RC (1958) 3115:McNamee (2012b) 3113: 3109: 3105:p. 17 §§ 83–84. 3095:Reid, RC (1958) 3091:Reid, NH (1984) 3083:Thornton (1998) 3075:McNamee (2012b) 3071:McNamee (2012a) 3065: 3061: 3048:Reid, NH (1984) 3046: 3042: 3034: 3030: 3024:McNamee (2012b) 3022: 3018: 3013: 3009: 3003:Reid, NH (1984) 3001: 2997: 2975:McNamee (2012b) 2973: 2969: 2961: 2957: 2939:McNamee (2012b) 2937: 2933: 2919:McNamee (2012b) 2915:Caldwell (2012) 2905: 2901: 2887:McNamee (2012b) 2883:Caldwell (2012) 2873: 2869: 2857:p. 344 n. 479; 2853: 2849: 2821: 2817: 2809: 2802: 2792:Reid, NH (1984) 2790: 2786: 2770: 2766: 2754:p. 342 n. 120; 2752:Reid, NH (1984) 2746: 2742: 2734: 2730: 2726:p. 345 ch. 125. 2712:Reid, NH (1984) 2704:McNamee (2012b) 2702:p. 285 n. 103; 2700:Caldwell (2012) 2694: 2690: 2682: 2678: 2652:McNamee (2012b) 2646: 2642: 2638:p. 345 ch. 125. 2620:McNamee (2012b) 2618:p. 285 n. 103; 2616:Caldwell (2012) 2610: 2606: 2592:Reid, NH (1984) 2588:Traquair (1998) 2582:p. 344 n. 479; 2576:McNamee (2012b) 2572:Caldwell (2012) 2566: 2562: 2548:Reid, NH (1984) 2546: 2542: 2536:Reid, NH (1984) 2526: 2522: 2514: 2510: 2494: 2490: 2482:Document 1/28/0 2473:Palgrave (1830) 2465:Reid, RC (1958) 2461:Reid, NH (1984) 2453:Traquair (1998) 2443: 2439: 2422:Reid, NH (1984) 2418:Traquair (1998) 2398:McNamee (2012a) 2396: 2392: 2382:McNamee (2012a) 2380: 2376: 2342:McNamee (2012b) 2336: 2332: 2294:McNamee (2012b) 2292: 2288: 2277: 2273: 2256:Reid, RC (1958) 2254: 2250: 2240:Reid, RC (1958) 2234: 2230: 2222: 2215: 2203: 2199: 2191: 2187: 2179: 2175: 2156: 2152: 2144: 2140: 2134:Palgrave (1837) 2130:Reid, RC (1958) 2124: 2120: 2107:Reid, NH (1984) 2101: 2097: 2087:Reid, RC (1958) 2083:McNamee (2012b) 2079:McNamee (2012a) 2077: 2073: 2058:p. 509 § 1915; 2044:Reid, NH (1984) 2016:McNamee (2012b) 2010: 2006: 1990:p. 101 n. 102; 1984:McNamee (2012b) 1982: 1978: 1943: 1939: 1933:Jamieson (1869) 1923: 1919: 1911: 1904: 1888: 1884: 1880:p. 342 ch. 120. 1868: 1864: 1842:McNamee (2012a) 1840: 1836: 1812: 1808: 1790:Caldwell (2012) 1788: 1784: 1772: 1768: 1760: 1756: 1740: 1736: 1714:Caldwell (2012) 1712: 1708: 1695:Reid, NH (1984) 1693: 1689: 1664:Reid, NH (1984) 1628:McNamee (2012b) 1624:Caldwell (2012) 1618: 1614: 1606: 1602: 1590: 1586: 1578: 1574: 1560:Traquair (1998) 1548:McNamee (2012b) 1544:McNamee (2012a) 1538: 1534: 1523: 1519: 1511: 1507: 1501:Traquair (1998) 1499: 1495: 1487:pp. 84, 97–98; 1483: 1479: 1471:p. 268 § 1049; 1465:Reid, RC (1958) 1449:McNamee (2012a) 1447: 1443: 1435:p. 348 § 1356; 1421:McNamee (2012a) 1415: 1411: 1395: 1391: 1383: 1376: 1362:McAndrew (1999) 1358:McAndrew (2006) 1352: 1348: 1338:McAndrew (1999) 1336: 1332: 1311:Reid, RC (1958) 1307:McAndrew (1999) 1305: 1301: 1289: 1285: 1277: 1273: 1267:Thornton (1998) 1263:McNamee (2012b) 1259:McNamee (2012a) 1257: 1253: 1245: 1241: 1235:McNamee (2012a) 1233: 1229: 1221: 1217: 1211:McDonald (1997) 1209: 1205: 1199:Reid, NH (1984) 1187:Traquair (1998) 1177: 1173: 1165: 1161: 1153: 1149: 1141: 1137: 1129: 1125: 1117: 1113: 1105: 1101: 1089: 1085: 1077: 1073: 1065: 1061: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1018: 988: 984: 974: 970: 941: 937: 928: 924: 915: 911: 905:Donald of Islay 902: 898: 892: 888: 870: 866: 833: 829: 799: 795: 734: 730: 724:Dungal McDowell 696:Dungal MacDoual 676:Dougal McDowell 664:Dougal Macdouel 657: 653: 649: 621:John MacDougall 609: 608: 607: 606: 603:John MacDougall 598: 597: 596: 595: 591: 582: 581: 580: 579: 575: 546: 463:Dumfries Castle 456:Knights Templar 443: 407:Donald of Islay 335: 262:Malcolm Makaill 238:Lord of Kintyre 230:Alexander Bruce 191: 121: 109:Dumfries Castle 50: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6376: 6374: 6366: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6340: 6339: 6336: 6335: 6328: 6327:External links 6325: 6323: 6322: 6303: 6289: 6268: 6219: 6208: 6202: 6189: 6183: 6170: 6142: 6126:(PhD thesis). 6119: 6113: 6096: 6049: 6029:, ed. (1914). 6023: 6011:, ed. (1908). 6005: 5959: 5922: 5916: 5903: 5877: 5871: 5858: 5852: 5839: 5833: 5820: 5814: 5804:. Woodbridge: 5797: 5761: 5748: 5742: 5722: 5716: 5699: 5673:(2): 160–169. 5662: 5647: 5630: 5624: 5603: 5597: 5577: 5571: 5554: 5532: 5526: 5509: 5503: 5478: 5457: 5437: 5422: 5388:(3): 267–289. 5381:War in History 5375: 5356: 5350: 5337: 5295: 5289: 5272: 5246:(2): 151–171. 5233: 5227: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5198: 5186:, ed. (1853). 5180: 5162: 5143: 5132: 5121: 5101:, ed. (1839). 5095: 5061: 5027: 5008: 4992:, ed. (1871). 4986: 4957: 4949:Scotichronicon 4940: 4914: 4880: 4844: 4830: 4806: 4771: 4756: 4744:, ed. (1830). 4738: 4727: 4705: 4690: 4678:, ed. (1909). 4672: 4656:, ed. (1890). 4650: 4640: 4621: 4603: 4587:, ed. (1759). 4581: 4567: 4548: 4542: 4522: 4488: 4454: 4420: 4386: 4352: 4318: 4284: 4250: 4216: 4176: 4149: 4131: 4125: 4095:Chesshyre, DHB 4086: 4076: 4066: 4044: 3987: 3976: 3965: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3940: 3938:p. 200 § 1106. 3924: 3912: 3896: 3876: 3856: 3840: 3828: 3822:Document 5/3/0 3815:p. 472 n. 30; 3805: 3793: 3781: 3767:p. 372 n. 95; 3757: 3737: 3721: 3719:p. 278 § 1522. 3713:Murison (1899) 3690: 3674:pp. 809, 970; 3652: 3632: 3616: 3589: 3573: 3553: 3541: 3537:Gilbert (1884) 3517: 3498: 3486: 3474: 3462: 3443: 3427: 3383: 3374: 3343: 3337:Document 5/3/0 3320:Taggart (2004) 3312: 3296: 3284: 3268: 3262:Document 0/0/0 3253:Murison (1899) 3221: 3217:Murison (1899) 3205: 3199:Document 5/3/0 3170: 3143: 3127: 3107: 3099:Murison (1899) 3059: 3040: 3028: 3016: 3007: 3005:p. 342 n. 121. 2995: 2987:Maxwell (1913) 2981:p. 469 n. 81; 2967: 2955: 2951:Goodall (1759) 2931: 2909:p. 125 n. 91; 2899: 2893:p. 229 n. 35; 2877:p. 125 n. 91; 2867: 2863:Goodall (1759) 2847: 2843:Goodall (1759) 2837:p. 229 n. 35; 2825:p. 125 n. 91; 2815: 2800: 2784: 2776:Maxwell (1913) 2774:p. 469 n. 81; 2764: 2740: 2728: 2710:p. 444 n. 54; 2688: 2676: 2640: 2604: 2596:Maxwell (1913) 2560: 2552:Maxwell (1913) 2540: 2520: 2508: 2500:Maxwell (1913) 2488: 2459:p. 445 n. 54; 2437: 2402:Blakely (2009) 2390: 2374: 2354:Document 3/0/0 2340:pp. 102, 157; 2330: 2310:Document 3/0/0 2286: 2271: 2269:p. 510 § 1919. 2248: 2228: 2213: 2197: 2185: 2173: 2150: 2148:p. 135 pl. 20. 2138: 2118: 2095: 2071: 2061:Document 5/3/0 2054:p. 402 n. 36; 2004: 1996:Maxwell (1913) 1976: 1961:Maxwell (1913) 1959:p. 434 n. 34; 1953:Taggart (2004) 1937: 1917: 1902: 1882: 1862: 1834: 1806: 1782: 1776:p. 466 n. 18; 1766: 1754: 1748:p. 466 n. 18; 1734: 1706: 1687: 1674:p. 402 n. 36; 1668:Maxwell (1913) 1662:p. 434 n. 34; 1612: 1600: 1584: 1572: 1540:Daniels (2013) 1532: 1517: 1505: 1493: 1477: 1453:Blakely (2009) 1441: 1409: 1401:Maxwell (1913) 1397:Daniels (2013) 1389: 1385:Blakely (2009) 1374: 1360:pp. 122, 354; 1346: 1330: 1324:Document 6/2/0 1317:p. 198 § 823; 1299: 1291:Blakely (2009) 1283: 1279:Blakely (2009) 1271: 1251: 1239: 1227: 1215: 1203: 1171: 1159: 1147: 1135: 1123: 1111: 1107:Daniels (2013) 1099: 1095:Taggart (2004) 1083: 1071: 1059: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1034: 1025: 1016: 1004:Scotichronicon 982: 977:Scotichronicon 968: 935: 922: 909: 896: 886: 864: 827: 793: 728: 650: 648: 645: 600: 599: 593: 592: 585: 584: 583: 577: 576: 569: 568: 567: 566: 565: 550:Andrew Harclay 545: 542: 538:Earl of Ulster 442: 439: 415:Scotichronicon 334: 331: 323:Gaelic Ireland 190: 187: 120: 119:The MacDoualls 117: 80: 79: 76: 72: 71: 66: 60: 59: 56: 52: 51: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6375: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6326: 6318: 6313: 6309: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6290:1-57098-247-3 6286: 6282: 6277: 6276: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6220: 6216: 6215: 6209: 6205: 6199: 6195: 6190: 6186: 6180: 6176: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6120: 6116: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6037: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6019:David Douglas 6016: 6015: 6010: 6006: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5923: 5919: 5913: 5909: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5887: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5868: 5864: 5859: 5855: 5849: 5845: 5840: 5836: 5830: 5826: 5821: 5817: 5815:9781843832614 5811: 5807: 5806:Boydell Press 5803: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5767: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5749: 5745: 5743:0-85976-341-2 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5654: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5631: 5627: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5604: 5600: 5598:0-511-03855-0 5594: 5590: 5587:. Cambridge: 5586: 5582: 5581:Gillingham, J 5578: 5574: 5572:1-85285-149-X 5568: 5564: 5560: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5542: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5527:0-7524-1974-9 5523: 5519: 5515: 5510: 5506: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5479: 5464: 5460: 5458:0-9535226-2-8 5454: 5450: 5443: 5438: 5434: 5431:(MA thesis). 5430: 5429: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5382: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5363: 5357: 5353: 5347: 5343: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5311:(1): 98–100. 5310: 5306: 5305: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5240: 5234: 5230: 5228:0-7486-2022-2 5224: 5220: 5217:. Edinburgh: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5207: 5202: 5195: 5194:Henry G. Bohn 5191: 5190: 5185: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5158: 5153: 5149: 5146:Strachey, J; 5144: 5140: 5139: 5133: 5129: 5128: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5107:. Edinburgh: 5106: 5105: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5086: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5052: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5015: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4996: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4977: 4969: 4965: 4964: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4905: 4889: 4885: 4884:"RPS, 1309/1" 4881: 4877: 4871: 4855: 4854: 4849: 4848:"RPS, 1309/1" 4845: 4841: 4837: 4836: 4831: 4827: 4821: 4814: 4813: 4807: 4803: 4797: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4763: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4748: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4734: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4719: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4697: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4682: 4677: 4676:Mackenzie, WM 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4660: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4646: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4628: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4579: 4575: 4574: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4555: 4549: 4545: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4513: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4445: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4411: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4377: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4343: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4309: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4275: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4241: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4207: 4191: 4187: 4186: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4156: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4137: 4132: 4128: 4126:0-85431-258-7 4122: 4117: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4087: 4083: 4082: 4077: 4073: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4004: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3983: 3977: 3973: 3972: 3966: 3962: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3916: 3913: 3910:p. 171 § 946. 3909: 3905: 3900: 3897: 3894:p. 171 § 944. 3893: 3889: 3885: 3880: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3864:Barrow (2005) 3860: 3857: 3854:p. 166 § 912. 3853: 3849: 3844: 3841: 3838:p. 472 n. 30. 3837: 3836:Barrow (2005) 3832: 3829: 3825: 3823: 3818: 3814: 3813:Barrow (2005) 3809: 3806: 3802: 3801:Penman (2014) 3797: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3765:Penman (2014) 3761: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3741: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3725: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3685: 3680: 3678: 3673: 3670:pp. 166–167; 3669: 3668:Oliver (1861) 3666:p. 99 § 521; 3665: 3661: 3656: 3653: 3650:p. 133 § 701. 3649: 3646:p. 39 n. 38; 3645: 3644:Penman (1999) 3641: 3640:Penman (2014) 3636: 3633: 3630:p. 165 § 910. 3629: 3625: 3620: 3617: 3614:p. 157 § 857. 3613: 3609: 3605: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3577: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3545: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3525:Penman (2014) 3521: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3475: 3471: 3466: 3463: 3459: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3435:Barrow (2005) 3431: 3428: 3424: 3421:pp. 110–111; 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3405:pp. 252–253; 3404: 3403:Barrow (2005) 3400: 3396: 3392: 3391:Penman (2014) 3387: 3384: 3378: 3375: 3371: 3369: 3368:PoMS, H4/27/0 3364: 3360: 3356: 3355:Barrow (1976) 3353:ch. 10 ¶ 47; 3352: 3347: 3344: 3340: 3338: 3334:p. 55 § 278; 3333: 3329: 3325: 3324:Barrow (1976) 3321: 3316: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3297: 3293: 3292:Penman (2014) 3288: 3285: 3281: 3278:pp. 250–251; 3277: 3276:Barrow (2005) 3272: 3269: 3265: 3263: 3259:p. 60 § 304; 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3245:Barrow (1976) 3242: 3241:Barrow (2005) 3238: 3235:ch. 12 ¶ 35; 3234: 3231:pp. 130–131; 3230: 3229:Penman (2014) 3225: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3209: 3206: 3202: 3200: 3196:p. 48 § 235; 3195: 3191: 3187: 3186:Barrow (1976) 3184:ch. 10 ¶ 47; 3183: 3180:pp. 130–131; 3179: 3178:Penman (2014) 3174: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3147: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3081:ch. 10 ¶ 47; 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3041: 3037: 3036:Duncan (2007) 3032: 3029: 3025: 3020: 3017: 3011: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2985:pp. 165–166; 2984: 2983:Lamont (1981) 2980: 2979:Barrow (2005) 2976: 2971: 2968: 2964: 2959: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2943:Duncan (2007) 2940: 2935: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2911:Penman (2014) 2908: 2903: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2891:Murray (2002) 2888: 2884: 2880: 2879:Penman (2014) 2876: 2871: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2855:Duncan (2007) 2851: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2835:Murray (2002) 2832: 2831:Duncan (2007) 2828: 2827:Penman (2014) 2824: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2811:Lamont (1981) 2807: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2796:Lamont (1981) 2793: 2788: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2772:Barrow (2005) 2768: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2750:pp. 234–235; 2749: 2748:Barrow (2005) 2744: 2741: 2738:p. 444 n. 54. 2737: 2732: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2718:pp. 165–166; 2717: 2716:Lamont (1981) 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2689: 2685: 2684:Barrow (2005) 2680: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2660:Barrow (2005) 2658:ch. 10 ¶ 47; 2657: 2653: 2649: 2648:Penman (2014) 2644: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2624:Barrow (2005) 2621: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2584:Barrow (2005) 2581: 2580:Duncan (2007) 2577: 2573: 2569: 2564: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2532:Barrow (2005) 2530:ch. 10 ¶ 47; 2529: 2524: 2521: 2517: 2516:Duncan (2007) 2512: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2496:Duncan (2007) 2492: 2489: 2485: 2483: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2449:Duncan (2007) 2447:ch. 10 ¶ 16; 2446: 2441: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2414:Barrow (2005) 2411: 2410:Duncan (2007) 2408:ch. 10 ¶ 16; 2407: 2403: 2400:ch. 5 ¶ 129; 2399: 2394: 2391: 2387: 2386:Duncan (2007) 2384:ch. 5 ¶ 129; 2383: 2378: 2375: 2371: 2369: 2364: 2362: 2357: 2355: 2350: 2348: 2344:ch. 2 n. 37; 2343: 2339: 2338:Penman (2014) 2334: 2331: 2327: 2325: 2320: 2318: 2313: 2311: 2306: 2304: 2299: 2296:ch. 2 n. 37; 2295: 2290: 2287: 2283: 2281: 2275: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2151: 2147: 2142: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2122: 2119: 2115: 2113: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2062: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2024:Duncan (2007) 2021: 2017: 2013: 2012:Penman (2014) 2008: 2005: 2001: 1998:pp. 181–182; 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1970:p. 252 n. 2; 1969: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1945:Penman (2014) 1941: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1918: 1914: 1913:Duncan (2007) 1909: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1890:Duncan (2007) 1886: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1870:Duncan (2007) 1866: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1818:Barrow (2005) 1815: 1810: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1798:Barrow (2005) 1795: 1794:Penman (2014) 1792:pp. 284–285; 1791: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1774:Barrow (2005) 1770: 1767: 1764:p. 466 n. 18. 1763: 1762:Barrow (2005) 1758: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1746:Barrow (2005) 1743: 1738: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1716:pp. 284–285; 1715: 1710: 1707: 1703: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1681:p. 252 n. 1; 1680: 1678: 1673: 1670:pp. 179–180; 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1646:pp. 218–219; 1645: 1644:Barrow (2005) 1641: 1640:Duncan (2007) 1637: 1633: 1629: 1626:pp. 284–285; 1625: 1622:pp. 104–105; 1621: 1620:Penman (2014) 1616: 1613: 1609: 1608:Barrow (2005) 1604: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1592:Barrow (2005) 1588: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1562:pp. 144–145; 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1533: 1529: 1527: 1521: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1489:Barrow (2005) 1486: 1481: 1478: 1475:p. 178 § 438. 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1459:pp. 184–185; 1458: 1457:Barrow (2005) 1454: 1450: 1445: 1442: 1439:p. 178 § 438. 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1425:Barrow (2005) 1422: 1418: 1417:Penman (2014) 1413: 1410: 1406: 1403:pp. 286–287; 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