31:
75:
50:
404:
The dusky spinefoot spawns in April and from June to August when the seawater temperature is between 24 and 29 °C (75 and 84 °F), the eggs and larvae are planktonic. The larvae stay close to the surface where they feed on phytoplankton and zooplankton from 3 days old. The adults are
335:
in 1835, Ehrenberg described the colour of the body as yellowish-brown, with numerous very thin pale yellow lines. However, Rüppell said that the colour was bluish black with some irregular, paler spots and a yellowish ring around pupil in his description.
405:
herbivores which are active during the day, hiding in cavities during the hours of darkness. They are frequently encountered in schools but solitary individuals can also be seen, grazing on algae from the substrate. It feeds on larger
360:
is truncate. This species attains a maximum total length of 30 cm (12 in), although 20 cm (7.9 in) is more typical. The colour is variable, it is normally olive green to dark brown with a mottled pattern. The
441:
The venomous spines are used for defence against predators so the highest predation pressure is on the planktonic and larval stages. Known parasites of the dusky spinefoot included the
733:
389:
in 1955 off Israel, following entry via the Suez Canal, it fast expanded across the eastern Basin and now reaches westwards as far as the French
Mediterranean coast and the
433:. This species has been observed stopping suddenly. erecting the dorsal, anal and pelvic to present a potential threat with an array of venomous spines around its body.
1012:
1051:
497:, the catch is sold as fresh fish. This species has become an important species for fisheries in the Mediterranean while i other areas, such as Kenya, it is a
647:"Order Acanthuriformes (part 2): Families Ephippidae, Leiognathidae, Scatophagidae, Antigoniidae, Siganidae, Caproidae, Luvaridae, Zanclidae and Acanthuridae"
1237:
396:
It is found at depths between 2 and 40 m (6 ft 7 in and 131 ft 3 in) in waters over hard substrates, such as coral and rocky reefs.
1252:
1183:
973:
377:
The dusky spinefoot is found on the coast of eastern Africa from
Mozambique northwards into the Red Sea, and also the Comoros, Madagascar, and the
1196:
1025:
610:
1077:
344:
The dusky spinefoot has a compressed body which Has a depth which fits into its standard length 2.1 to 2.8 times. There is a single row of
1257:
1170:
947:
1209:
1116:
986:
810:
754:
Kiriake A; Ishizaki S; Nagashima Y; Shiomi K (2017). "Occurrence of a stonefish toxin-like toxin in the venom of the rabbitfish
1247:
582:
1201:
624:
1030:
328:
921:
1056:
473:
446:
74:
678:
452:
317:
309:
874:
926:
169:
1108:
549:
467:
1214:
1121:
912:
802:
606:
461:
332:
278:
224:
729:
290:
39:
831:
A. Herzberg (1973). "Toxicity of
Siganus luridus (Rüppell) on the Mediterranean coast of Israel".
1242:
783:
712:
426:
195:
69:
1017:
30:
1157:
1090:
1043:
934:
775:
619:
386:
378:
305:
270:
186:
501:. This species has been implicated in cases of mild ciguatera like poisoning when consumed.
1095:
840:
767:
544:
259:
1064:
251:
525:
Obota, C.; Carpenter, K.E.; Borsa, P.; Jiddawi, N.; Yahya, S.; Smith-Vaniz, W.F. (2018).
526:
116:
1231:
1038:
844:
787:
578:
535:
324:
59:
54:
1148:
991:
939:
390:
382:
362:
266:
1162:
771:
999:
906:
430:
410:
406:
126:
897:
357:
349:
298:
274:
255:
146:
1175:
952:
862:
494:
486:
442:
262:
136:
86:
779:
1069:
1142:
960:
891:
591:
353:
302:
106:
646:
1188:
978:
965:
498:
490:
457:
366:
345:
323:
means “pale yellow”, this name was given to it by the collector of the
313:
1004:
645:
Christopher
Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (12 January 2021).
96:
868:
1103:
422:
1082:
281:). Its fin spines contain venom. It is regarded as a food fish.
872:
429:
it was found that rabbitfish venom was similar to the venom of
713:
https://ciesm.org/atlas/fishes_2nd_edition/Siganus_luridus.pdf
520:
518:
516:
514:
348:-like teeth in the jaws, each with 1 or 2 lateral cusps. The
711:). 2nd Edition. 2021. 366p. CIESM Publishers, Paris, Monaco.
425:
in the spines of its fins. In a study of the venom of a
1132:
881:
609:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
369:-yellow and there are dark bars on the caudal fin
707:Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (
550:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T18178550A46663979.en
352:contains 13-14 spines and 10 soft rays while the
651:The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database
687:Fishes of the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean
385:needs to be confirmed. Recorded first in the
8:
653:. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara
869:
573:
571:
569:
567:
48:
29:
20:
548:
485:The dusky spinefoot is caught using set
510:
289:The dusky spinefoot was first formally
724:
722:
720:
689:. Marine Species Identification Portal
672:
670:
668:
7:
1109:A71CCD57-8184-D1FF-FF49-E9E8E40ED43C
1238:IUCN Red List least concern species
536:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
356:has 7 spines and 9 soft rays. The
14:
730:"Siganus luridus dusky spinefoot"
811:World Register of Marine Species
73:
625:California Academy of Sciences
265:. It is native to the western
1:
772:10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.10.015
329:Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
1253:Taxa named by Eduard Rüppell
845:10.1016/0044-8486(73)90127-0
474:Progyliauchen magnacetabulum
1274:
1258:Western Indo-Pacific fauna
447:Glyphidohaptor plectocirra
409:species, as well as other
453:Tetrancistrum polymorphum
250:, is a species of marine
201:
194:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
581:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
543:: e.T18178550A46663979.
373:Distribution and habitat
269:which has spread to the
801:Nicolas Bailly (2008).
437:Predators and parasites
1248:Fish described in 1829
611:"Species in the genus
421:This species produces
381:. Its presence in the
221:Amphacanthus abhortani
865:on Sealife Collection
607:Eschmeyer, William N.
248:squaretail rabbitfish
246:), also known as the
1134:Amphacanthus luridus
595:. June 2021 version.
333:Achille Valenciennes
295:Amphacanthus luridus
279:Lessepsian migration
205:Amphacanthus luridus
40:Conservation status
756:Siganus fuscescens
679:"Dusky Spinefoot (
1225:
1224:
1091:Open Tree of Life
875:Taxon identifiers
803:"Siganus luridus"
620:Catalog of Fishes
387:Mediterranean Sea
379:Mascarene Islands
271:Mediterranean Sea
258:belonging to the
234:
233:
228:
217:
209:
63:
1265:
1218:
1217:
1205:
1204:
1192:
1191:
1179:
1178:
1166:
1165:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1125:
1124:
1112:
1111:
1099:
1098:
1086:
1085:
1073:
1072:
1060:
1059:
1047:
1046:
1034:
1033:
1021:
1020:
1008:
1007:
995:
994:
982:
981:
969:
968:
956:
955:
943:
942:
930:
929:
917:
916:
915:
902:
901:
900:
870:
849:
848:
828:
822:
821:
819:
817:
798:
792:
791:
751:
745:
744:
742:
740:
726:
715:
705:
699:
698:
696:
694:
674:
663:
662:
660:
658:
642:
636:
635:
633:
631:
603:
597:
596:
575:
562:
561:
559:
557:
552:
522:
468:Hexangium sigani
223:
215:
207:
181:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
24:Dusky spinefoot
21:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1213:
1208:
1200:
1195:
1187:
1182:
1174:
1169:
1161:
1156:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1128:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1094:
1089:
1081:
1076:
1068:
1065:Observation.org
1063:
1055:
1050:
1042:
1037:
1029:
1024:
1016:
1011:
1003:
998:
990:
985:
977:
972:
964:
959:
951:
946:
938:
933:
925:
920:
913:Siganus luridus
911:
910:
905:
896:
895:
890:
883:Siganus luridus
877:
863:Dusky spinefoot
858:
853:
852:
830:
829:
825:
815:
813:
800:
799:
795:
753:
752:
748:
738:
736:
728:
727:
718:
709:Siganus luridus
706:
702:
692:
690:
681:Siganus luridus
676:
675:
666:
656:
654:
644:
643:
639:
629:
627:
605:
604:
600:
585:Siganus luridus
577:
576:
565:
555:
553:
529:Siganus luridus
524:
523:
512:
507:
483:
462:Hexangium brayi
456:as well as the
439:
419:
402:
375:
342:
331:, According to
287:
252:ray-finned fish
243:Siganus luridus
238:dusky spinefoot
216:(Rüppell, 1829)
190:
183:
179:Siganus luridus
177:
164:
161:S. luridus
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
16:Species of fish
12:
11:
5:
1271:
1269:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1206:
1193:
1180:
1167:
1154:
1138:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1113:
1100:
1087:
1074:
1061:
1048:
1035:
1022:
1009:
996:
983:
970:
957:
944:
931:
918:
903:
887:
885:
879:
878:
873:
867:
866:
857:
856:External links
854:
851:
850:
823:
793:
746:
716:
700:
664:
637:
598:
579:Froese, Rainer
563:
509:
508:
506:
503:
482:
479:
438:
435:
418:
415:
401:
398:
374:
371:
341:
338:
306:Eduard Rüppell
297:by the German
286:
283:
232:
231:
230:
229:
218:
213:Teuthis lurida
210:
199:
198:
192:
191:
184:
173:
172:
166:
165:
158:
156:
152:
151:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
117:Actinopterygii
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1270:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
984:
980:
975:
971:
967:
962:
958:
954:
949:
945:
941:
936:
932:
928:
923:
919:
914:
908:
904:
899:
893:
889:
888:
886:
884:
880:
876:
871:
864:
860:
859:
855:
846:
842:
838:
834:
827:
824:
812:
808:
804:
797:
794:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
750:
747:
735:
731:
725:
723:
721:
717:
714:
710:
704:
701:
688:
684:
682:
677:J.C. Hureau.
673:
671:
669:
665:
652:
648:
641:
638:
626:
622:
621:
616:
614:
608:
602:
599:
594:
593:
588:
586:
580:
574:
572:
570:
568:
564:
551:
546:
542:
538:
537:
532:
530:
521:
519:
517:
515:
511:
504:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
480:
478:
476:
475:
470:
469:
464:
463:
459:
455:
454:
449:
448:
444:
436:
434:
432:
428:
424:
416:
414:
412:
408:
399:
397:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
372:
370:
368:
364:
363:pectoral fins
359:
355:
351:
347:
339:
337:
334:
330:
326:
325:type specimen
322:
319:
318:specific name
315:
312:given as the
311:
310:type locality
307:
304:
300:
296:
292:
284:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
244:
239:
226:
222:
219:
214:
211:
208:Rüppell, 1829
206:
203:
202:
200:
197:
193:
188:
182:
180:
174:
171:
170:Binomial name
167:
163:
162:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1133:
882:
836:
832:
826:
814:. Retrieved
806:
796:
763:
759:
755:
749:
737:. Retrieved
708:
703:
691:. Retrieved
686:
680:
655:. Retrieved
650:
640:
628:. Retrieved
618:
612:
601:
590:
584:
554:. Retrieved
540:
534:
528:
484:
472:
466:
460:
451:
445:
440:
420:
403:
395:
391:Adriatic Sea
383:Persian Gulf
376:
343:
320:
294:
288:
273:through the
267:Indian Ocean
247:
242:
241:
237:
235:
225:Valenciennes
220:
212:
204:
178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
18:
1000:iNaturalist
907:Wikispecies
833:Aquaculture
766:: 139–146.
556:19 November
481:Utilisation
431:stonefishes
411:macrophytes
407:brown algae
340:Description
293:in 1829 as
127:Perciformes
1232:Categories
1149:Q107325973
861:Photos of
505:References
493:and beach
487:fish traps
443:monogenean
358:caudal fin
350:dorsal fin
299:naturalist
275:Suez Canal
256:rabbitfish
1243:Siganidae
839:: 89–91.
816:29 August
788:205439876
739:29 August
693:29 August
657:29 August
630:29 August
458:digeneans
308:with the
291:described
263:Siganidae
155:Species:
137:Siganidae
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1143:Wikidata
1044:18178550
1018:10852347
961:FishBase
898:Q2289387
892:Wikidata
780:29055787
592:FishBase
491:gillnets
427:congener
354:anal fin
303:explorer
285:Taxonomy
196:Synonyms
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1202:1146209
1189:5210377
979:2390262
760:Toxicon
613:Siganus
499:bycatch
400:Biology
367:hyaline
346:incisor
321:luridus
314:Red Sea
189:, 1829)
187:Rüppell
148:Siganus
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1215:316239
1176:121030
1122:127044
1096:448113
1083:127044
1070:797397
1057:226939
1031:623216
1005:120634
953:124531
927:285911
786:
778:
495:seines
316:. The
260:family
227:, 1835
1210:WoRMS
1171:EUNIS
1117:WoRMS
1104:Plazi
1013:IRMNG
948:EUNIS
940:6YMVB
807:WoRMS
784:S2CID
423:venom
417:Venom
1197:ITIS
1184:GBIF
1163:CYNJ
1078:OBIS
1052:NCBI
1039:IUCN
1026:ITIS
992:1907
987:GISD
974:GBIF
966:4613
922:BOLD
818:2021
776:PMID
741:2021
734:CABI
695:2021
659:2021
632:2021
558:2021
541:2018
471:and
450:and
365:are
301:and
254:, a
236:The
1158:CoL
935:CoL
841:doi
768:doi
764:140
758:".
545:doi
393:.
1234::
1212::
1199::
1186::
1173::
1160::
1145::
1119::
1106::
1093::
1080::
1067::
1054::
1041::
1028::
1015::
1002::
989::
976::
963::
950::
937::
924::
909::
894::
835:.
809:.
805:.
782:.
774:.
762:.
732:.
719:^
685:.
683:)"
667:^
649:.
623:.
617:.
589:.
566:^
539:.
533:.
513:^
489:,
477:.
465:,
413:.
327:,
847:.
843::
837:2
820:.
790:.
770::
743:.
697:.
661:.
634:.
615:"
587:"
583:"
560:.
547::
531:"
527:"
277:(
240:(
185:(
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
