335:
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277:, then-Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens agreed to create the Muckleshoot Reservation, a reservation for all the peoples continuing to live on the Duwamish River watershed (including the Green and White rivers), as an attempt to get the Duwamish and others to move to a reservation. Although many did move to the reservation, many Duwamish continued to resist moving.
418:"The DTO petitioner first came into existence in 1925 when eight men announced their 'intention of forming' an organization. No evidence indicates this new organization was a continuation of the historical “D'Wamish and other allied tribes” on the reservations or that it evolved as a group from them."
269:
The
Duwamish were one of the signatory tribes of the 1855 Treaty of Point Elliott. Under this treaty, the Duwamish and other peoples ceded their land to the United States. In return, among other things, the Duwamish were promised the creation of a reservation for their people, as well as fishing and
409:
after its creation in 1857. The petitioner's ancestors, primarily
Duwamish Indian women who married non-Indian settlers, did not go to the reservations with the treaty tribes. Rather, before and after the treaty, they left the tribes as individuals and families and, by the 1880s, lived dispersed
373:
The
Duwamish Tribal Organization chose to petition for federal recognition under the 1978 criteria, as opposed to the revised 1994 criteria. In the 1996 proposed finding, the organization's petition was declined due to meeting four criteria for being a tribe but failing to meet three others. The
307:
In June 1988, 72 descendants of early
Washington settlers reversed their ancestors' petition against a Duwamish Reservation and petitioned the Bureau of Indian Affairs in support of federal recognition of the Duwamish Tribe. The signers were members of the Pioneer Association of the State of
410:
throughout western
Washington. There is no evidence that their descendants, who are the DTO's ancestors, maintained tribal relations with the “D'Wamish and other allied tribes” on the reservations or that they were a part of a community of similarly situated Duwamish descendants."
280:
In 1866, Superintendent of Indian
Affairs proposed the creation of another reservation in Duwamish homelands. However, virtually all of the establishment of the town of Seattle was against its creation, and many pioneers, including
763:
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several times, most recently in 2019, but were denied. In 2022, the
Duwamish Tribe filed a lawsuit against the Bureau of Indian Affairs as part of their effort to gain federal recognition.
293:, petitioned against it, writing "such a reservation would do a great injustice" and be "of little value to the Indians." Hearing the settlers' complaints, the proposal was shut down.
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to reconsider or explain the denial of the Tribe's petition; however, they were denied two years later in July, stating that they do not meet the criteria for federal recognition.
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to reconsider or explain the denial of the Tribe's petition. The BIA responded in July 2015 with a conclusion that the
Duwamish do not meet the criteria for federal recognition.
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hunting rights. Although the
Suquamish Reservation was established intending for the Duwamish to move there, many Duwamish people chose to remain in their homelands near Seattle.
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In 1979, the
Duwamish Tribe established the Duwamish Tribal Services, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization dedicated to serving the needs of the members of the Duwamish Tribe.
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389:"These treaty tribes moved to four reservations and the separate tribes and bands eventually consolidated as four reservation tribes that continue today as the
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introduced a bill (HR 2176) to extend federal recognition to the Duwamish Tribe; however, no actions were taken on the bill after its introduction.
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donated $ 2,861,014 to the nonprofit. The American Online Giving Foundation and Group Health Foundation also provided grants in 2021. In 2023,
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preliminary finding "found that the DTO was a new organization established in 1925" which did not "arise out of an earlier organization."
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several times. They first submitted their letter of intent in 1977, however they were denied in 1996, and once again on July 19, 2019.
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In May 2022, the Duwamish Tribe once again sued for federal recognition as they filed a lawsuit against the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
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The Duwamish Tribe has operated the Duwamish Tribal Services since 1979, a nonprofit dedicated to serving the needs of their members.
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In 2017, non-Native fundraisers created a charity campaign, Rent Real Duwamish, to generate support and income for the organization.
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The nonprofit's assets in 2022 totaled $ 9,893,135. In 2022, they received $ 4,663,578 in grants and contributions. In 2021, the
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1166:"Summary Under the Criteria and Evidence for Final Determination under 25 C.F.R. 83 for the Duwamish Tribal Organization"
846:"Summary Under the Criteria and Evidence for Final Determination under 25 C.F.R. 83 for the Duwamish Tribal Organization"
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764:"Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible to Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs"
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934:"After decades, Duwamish tribe wins federal recognition: Now they have it, but it doesn't mean fishing rights"
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In May 2022, the Duwamish Tribe and Cecile Hansen filed a federal lawsuit against Secretary of the Interior
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Cecile A. Hansen, Chairwoman of the Duwamish Tribe, speaks at the 5th Annual Duwamish River Festival
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957:"Seattle pioneers petition against a reservation on the Black River for the Duwamish tribe in 1866"
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known was the "D'Wamish and other allied tribes" belonged to several federally recognized tribes:
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1100:"Duwamish Tribe wins federal recognition on January 19, 2001, but loses it again two days later"
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1044:"Final Decision on Remand Against Federal Acknowledgment of the Duwamish Tribal Organization"
580:"Final Decision on Remand Against Federal Acknowledgment of the Duwamish Tribal Organization"
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In 1925, the Duwamish Tribe drafted a constitution and bylaws for their new organization.
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This article is about about the unrecognized tribe in Seattle. For the ethnic group, see
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883:"'Real' Duwamish: Seattle's first people and the bitter fight over federal recognition"
1016:"Hansen et al v. Kempthorne et al, No. 2:2008cv00717 - Document 105 (W.D. Wash. 2013)"
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of the Department of the Interior in their efforts to obtain federal recognition.
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The interior of the Chief Si?ahl Duwamish Longhouse and Cultural Center
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found that the historic Duwamish tribal members who signed the 1855
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554:. U.S. Department of the Interior, Indian Affairs. July 19, 2019
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817:"Point Elliott Treaty returns to tribes here, 165 years later"
1073:"Duwamish Tribe files lawsuit in bid for federal recognition"
792:. National Conference of State Legislatures. Archived from
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organization in 1979, and receiving an IRS ruling in 1981.
189:
224:), and those who identify as their descendants, based in
980:
Native America in the Twentieth Century: An Encyclopedia
770:. Federal Register. January 12, 2023. pp. 2112–16
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Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation
243:. They have petitioned for federal recognition as the
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The Duwamish Tribe has unsuccessfully petitioned the
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1602:Cultural organizations based in Washington (state)
982:. London: Taylor & Francis. pp. 172–173.
499:Chief Si?ahl Duwamish Longhouse and Culture Center
312:as a meeting hall and archive of pioneer records.
932:Castro, Hector; Barber, Mike (January 20, 2001).
497:Duwamish Tribal Services owns and operates the
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571:
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405:. A few Duwamish tribal members moved to the
8:
1136:"H.R.2176 - Duwamish Tribal Recognition Act"
308:Washington, which maintains Pioneer Hall in
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698:"Duwamish Tribal Organization (Washington)"
105:P84: Ethnic, Immigrant Centers and Services
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548:"Petition #025: Duwamish Indian Tribe, WA"
27:
1622:1979 establishments in Washington (state)
1617:1925 establishments in Washington (state)
1612:Non-profit organizations based in Seattle
978:Boxberger, Daniel L. (2014). "Duwamish".
16:Cultural organization in Washington state
1627:Unrecognized tribes in the United States
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1164:McCaleb, Neal A. (September 25, 2001).
1116:McCaleb, "Final Determination," pp. 1–2
908:"spuyaləpabš: syəcəb ʔə tiił ʔiišədčəł"
844:McCaleb, Neal A. (September 25, 2001).
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476:Vice President: Cecile A. Hansen (2021)
469:Officers of the organization include:
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815:Davey, Stephanie (February 2, 2020).
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1125:McCaleb, "Final Determination," p. 4
1098:Long, Priscilla (January 20, 2001).
1002:Wilma (January 24, 2001), Essay 2956
414:The final determination also stated:
391:Lummi Tribe of the Lummi Reservation
768:Bureau of Indian Affairs, Interior
473:President: Guadalupe Barnes (2022)
14:
1499:Swinomish Indian Tribal Community
1175:. U.S. Department of the Interior
955:David, Wilma (January 20, 2001).
855:. U.S. Department of the Interior
399:Swinomish Indian Tribal Community
330:Petitions for federal recognition
1173:Office of Federal Acknowledgment
881:Mapes, Lynda V. (May 29, 2022).
853:Office of Federal Acknowledgment
578:Washburn, Kevin (July 8, 2015).
552:Office of Federal Acknowledgment
1555:Port Madison Indian Reservation
1494:Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians
732:University of Washington Press
494:provided a grant of $ 15,000.
479:Chief: Charlie Sotiakum (2021)
265:Duwamish people § History
1:
519:History of the Duwamish tribe
357:granted summary judgement in
353:In March 2013, Federal Judge
344:US Department of the Interior
1550:Swinomish Indian Reservation
1504:Tulalip Tribes of Washington
482:Secretary: John Cruce (2021)
403:Tulalip Tribes of Washington
206:Duwamish Tribal Organization
1477:Federally recognized tribes
702:National Indian Law Library
1643:
1489:Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe
673:"Duwamish Tribal Services"
641:"Duwamish Tribal Services"
423:Other bids for recognition
262:
237:federally recognized tribe
204:, officially known as the
20:
1524:Puyallup Tribe of Indians
1484:Upper Skagit Indian Tribe
1300:
790:"State Recognized Tribes"
722:Bates, Dawn; Hess, Thom;
297:The modern Duwamish Tribe
231:The Duwamish Tribe is an
1519:Muckleshoot Indian Tribe
1319:Salishan oral narratives
460:Duwamish Tribal Services
446:Duwamish Tribal Services
440:Bureau of Indian Affairs
427:In 2015, Representative
379:Bureau of Indian Affairs
31:Duwamish Tribal Services
1514:Snoqualmie Indian Tribe
407:Muckleshoot Reservation
383:Treaty of Point Elliott
359:Hansen et al v. Salazar
221:
1529:Nisqually Indian Tribe
728:Lushootseed Dictionary
455:
420:
412:
363:Department of Interior
339:
321:Department of Interior
241:state-recognized tribe
76:Nonprofit organization
1569:Non-recognized groups
1560:Nisqually Reservation
1242:-speaking peoples of
944:on December 23, 2001.
453:
416:
387:
337:
315:In March 2013, Judge
245:Duwamish Indian Tribe
235:. They are neither a
57:1925, nonprofit: 1979
49:Duwamish Indian Tribe
1534:Squaxin Island Tribe
1255:Lushootseed language
796:on September 1, 2022
590:(FR 39142): 39142–44
1329:Transformer/Changer
1271:Lushootseed grammar
464:501(c)(3) nonprofit
348:federal recognition
291:David "Doc" Maynard
226:Seattle, Washington
66:Seattle, Washington
32:
462:incorporated as a
456:
355:John C. Coughenour
340:
275:Fox Island Council
259:Historical context
233:unrecognized tribe
210:unrecognized tribe
129:Official language
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1077:The Seattle Times
741:978-0-295-97323-4
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1581:Steilacoom Tribe
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1361:Northern peoples
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1079:. May 11, 2022
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