477:
153:
144:
31:
497:
520:
587:
710:
753:
738:
567:
639:
655:
607:
458:
46:
690:
543:
722:
674:
476:
431:
Depending on the size and wealth of the temple, the guardians could be placed singly, in pairs, or in larger groups. Smaller structures may have had only one dvarapala. Often there was a pair placed on either side of the threshold to the
496:
586:
386:
period, is 3.7 metres (12 ft) tall. The traditional dvarapalas of
Cambodia and Thailand, on the other hand, are leaner and portrayed in a standing position holding the club downward in the center.
152:
143:
566:
638:
519:
30:
709:
721:
606:
654:
752:
737:
965:
673:
542:
838:
689:
1005:
172:
are often depicted in his temples, guarding the doors. Here they are depicted guarding the sanctum of a famous Vishnu temple known as
457:
1000:
728:
925:
444:), eight, or 12. In some cases only the fierce face or head of the guardian is represented, a figure very common in the
985:
791:
437:
173:
291:
These statues were traditionally placed outside Hindu temples or
Buddhist temples, as well as other structures like
295:, to protect the holy places inside. A dvarapala is usually portrayed as an armed fearsome guardian looking like a
105:
guardian often portrayed as a warrior or fearsome giant, usually armed with a weapon - the most common being the
995:
288:, of the local popular religion. Today some dvarapalas are even figures of policemen or soldiers standing guard.
1010:
378:, portray dvarapalas as fearsome giants with rather bulky physiques in semi-kneeling positions and holding a
776:
887:
223:
196:
938:
990:
786:
487:
445:
441:
227:
834:
553:
549:
425:
417:
413:
245:
204:
93:
881:
645:
352:
348:
344:
273:
253:
192:
970:
464:
261:
45:
801:
796:
240:
200:
979:
696:
617:
401:
379:
188:
831:
DvÄrapÄlas in
Indonesia: temple guardians and acculturation By Helena A. van Bemmel
625:
526:
356:
292:
116:
759:
744:
661:
405:
336:
320:
316:
161:
106:
781:
700:
503:
383:
38:
902:
680:
665:
597:
391:
328:
315:
are present in almost all Hindu temples, Dvarapalas are highly important in
300:
169:
58:
17:
83:
557:
534:
511:
409:
375:
124:
120:
74:
592:
A pair of male and female dvarapalas guarding gate of a Hindu temple in
867:
Ashtanga Yoga The
Intermediate Series: Mythology, Anatomy, and Practice
629:
577:
398:
308:
281:
128:
50:
34:
572:
Late 9th or early 10th century dvarapala from
Indrapura (Dong Duong),
806:
613:
573:
530:
507:
433:
390:
The ancient sculpture of dvarapala in
Thailand is made of high-fired
360:
324:
277:
165:
112:
467:
340:
304:
296:
285:
44:
382:. The largest dvarapala stone statue in Java, a dvarapala of the
593:
483:
421:
394:
371:
367:
132:
102:
98:
78:
54:
966:
49:
One of two pairs of dvarapala, 9th century
Buddhist temple of
234:. Equivalent door guardians in northern Asian languages are
272:
Dvarapalas as an architectural feature have their origin in
363:
and his wife, Stuta (Sanskrit (ā¤¸āĨā¤¤āĨā¤¤, meaning 'praise').
323:
they are the guardians or (gatekeepers) of the abode of
359:, an Asura, and Kali, in turn, was one of the sons of
131:
cultures, as well as in areas influenced by them like
883:
Brahmanda Purana â English
Translation â Part 3 of 5
420:, between the 14th and 16th centuries, at several
502:Two Gigantic Guardian Dvarapalas at 12th Century
644:Contemporary soldier dvarapala as doorkeeper at
715:Guardian statue at a Hindu temple in Sri Lanka.
307:features. In other instances, a fierce-looking
207:), these protective figures are referred to as
187:In most Southeast Asian languages (including
8:
311:snake figure may perform the same function.
939:"Dvarapala - Chinese Buddhist Encyclopedia"
299:, but at the gates of Buddhist temples in
29:
822:
660:Dvarapala at the entrance of Hatadage,
453:
436:. Some larger sites may have had four (
482:The largest dvarapala stone statue of
92:
7:
355:, Jaya and Vijaya were the sons of
303:, dvarapalas often display average
397:covered with a pale, almost milky
339:and they are mentioned in several
335:). They are present in almost all
25:
943:www.chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com
901:www.wisdomlib.org (2017-10-09).
869:. New World Library. p. 34.
751:
736:
720:
708:
688:
672:
653:
637:
605:
585:
565:
541:
518:
495:
475:
456:
151:
142:
971:Glossary of Southeast Asian Art
854:. Orient Blackswan. p. 16.
850:Bhattacharji, Sukumari (1998).
408:of this type were produced in
219:means "guard" or "protector".
1:
903:"Stuta, StutÄ: 5 definitions"
926:Samuel P. Harn Museum of Art
215:means "gate" or "door", and
695:Dvarapalaka, 11th century (
679:Dvarapala at the Kraton of
84:
1027:
556:, 14th and 16th centuries
1006:Hindu temple architecture
621:
440:, guardians of the four
90:Sanskrit pronunciation:
1001:Architectural elements
928:, Gainesville, Florida
865:Gregor Maehle (2012).
829:Helena A. van Bemmel,
374:, usually carved from
333:place of eternal bliss
111:(mace). The dvarapala
62:
42:
777:Buddhist architecture
727:Pair of Dvarapala at
424:complexes located in
117:architectural element
94:[dĘaËÉŊÉpaËlÉ]
48:
33:
222:The related name in
164:- the dvarapalas of
27:Door guardian statue
880:G.V.Tagare (1958).
442:cardinal directions
351:. According to the
337:Vaishnavite temples
174:Chennakesava Temple
986:Buddhist sculpture
787:Hindu architecture
729:Chaturmukha Basadi
406:Ceramic sculptures
366:The sculptures in
63:
43:
907:www.wisdomlib.org
839:978-90-5410-155-0
426:northern Thailand
418:Ayutthaya periods
349:Srimad Bagavatham
284:figures, such as
16:(Redirected from
1018:
996:Tutelary deities
953:
952:
950:
949:
935:
929:
923:
917:
916:
914:
913:
898:
892:
891:
877:
871:
870:
862:
856:
855:
847:
841:
827:
758:Dwaarpalas at a
755:
743:Dwaarpalas at a
740:
724:
712:
692:
676:
657:
646:Wat Ratchabophit
641:
623:
609:
589:
569:
545:
522:
499:
479:
460:
353:Brahmanda Purana
345:Brahmanda Purana
343:scriptures like
319:and are called
274:tutelary deities
268:Origin and forms
258:Narayeongeumgang
250:Heng Ha Er Jiang
155:
146:
115:is a widespread
96:
91:
87:
77:, "door guard";
21:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1011:Liminal deities
976:
975:
962:
957:
956:
947:
945:
937:
936:
932:
924:
920:
911:
909:
900:
899:
895:
879:
878:
874:
864:
863:
859:
852:Legends of Devi
849:
848:
844:
828:
824:
819:
814:
812:
772:
767:
766:
765:
762:
756:
747:
741:
732:
725:
716:
713:
704:
693:
684:
677:
668:
658:
649:
642:
633:
610:
601:
590:
581:
570:
561:
546:
537:
523:
514:
500:
491:
480:
471:
461:
270:
185:
180:
179:
178:
177:
158:
157:
156:
148:
147:
89:
41:, circa 525 CE.
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1024:
1022:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
978:
977:
974:
973:
968:
961:
960:External links
958:
955:
954:
930:
918:
893:
872:
857:
842:
821:
820:
818:
815:
810:
809:
804:
802:Tutelary deity
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
773:
771:
768:
764:
763:
757:
750:
748:
742:
735:
733:
726:
719:
717:
714:
707:
705:
694:
687:
685:
678:
671:
669:
659:
652:
650:
643:
636:
634:
611:
604:
602:
591:
584:
582:
571:
564:
562:
547:
540:
538:
524:
517:
515:
501:
494:
492:
481:
474:
472:
462:
455:
452:
451:
450:
269:
266:
184:
181:
160:
159:
150:
149:
141:
140:
139:
138:
137:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1023:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
981:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
959:
944:
940:
934:
931:
927:
922:
919:
908:
904:
897:
894:
889:
885:
884:
876:
873:
868:
861:
858:
853:
846:
843:
840:
836:
832:
826:
823:
816:
813:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
774:
769:
761:
754:
749:
746:
739:
734:
730:
723:
718:
711:
706:
702:
698:
697:Chola dynasty
691:
686:
682:
675:
670:
667:
663:
656:
651:
647:
640:
635:
631:
627:
619:
615:
608:
603:
599:
595:
588:
583:
579:
575:
568:
563:
559:
555:
551:
544:
539:
536:
532:
528:
525:Dvarapala at
521:
516:
513:
509:
505:
498:
493:
489:
485:
478:
473:
469:
466:
463:Dvarapala in
459:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
412:, during the
411:
407:
403:
400:
396:
393:
388:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
293:royal palaces
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
267:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
242:
237:
233:
229:
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
182:
175:
171:
167:
163:
154:
145:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
95:
88:
86:
80:
76:
72:
68:
60:
56:
52:
47:
40:
36:
32:
19:
946:. Retrieved
942:
933:
921:
910:. Retrieved
906:
896:
882:
875:
866:
860:
851:
845:
830:
825:
811:
626:Grand Palace
527:Banteay Kdei
430:
389:
365:
332:
312:
290:
271:
257:
249:
239:
236:KongÅrikishi
235:
231:
221:
216:
212:
208:
186:
168:'s abode of
107:
82:
70:
66:
64:
18:Dvarabalagar
886:. pp.
760:Jain temple
745:Jain temple
683:, Indonesia
662:Polonnaruwa
327:, known as
321:Jaya-Vijaya
317:Vaishnavism
211:. Sanskrit
162:Jaya-Vijaya
119:throughout
71:Dvarapalaka
980:Categories
948:2020-08-12
912:2020-01-15
817:References
782:Dharmapala
701:Tamil Nadu
632:, Thailand
612:Dvarapala
548:Dvarapala
504:Preah Khan
488:Singhasari
384:Singhasari
313:Dvarapalas
224:Indonesian
197:Vietnamese
39:Dvarapalas
991:Asian art
792:LokapÄlas
681:Surakarta
666:Sri Lanka
648:, Bangkok
624:) of the
598:Indonesia
554:Ayutthaya
550:Sukhothai
465:Elephanta
448:in Java.
438:lokapÄlas
414:Sukhothai
392:stoneware
331:(meaning
329:Vaikuntha
301:Sri Lanka
232:dwarapala
209:dvarapala
170:Vaikuntha
85:DvÄrapÄla
67:Dvarapala
59:Indonesia
770:See also
558:Thailand
535:Cambodia
512:Cambodia
410:Thailand
376:andesite
246:Japanese
228:Malaysia
205:Javanese
125:Buddhist
75:Sanskrit
731:, India
703:, India
630:Bangkok
578:Vietnam
490:period.
446:kratons
399:celadon
282:warrior
276:, like
254:Chinese
193:Burmese
97:) is a
51:Plaosan
35:Sondani
837:
807:Yaksha
614:Yaksha
574:Champa
531:Angkor
508:Angkor
434:shrine
361:Varuna
325:Vishnu
280:, and
278:Yaksha
262:Korean
256:, and
203:, and
166:Vishnu
127:, and
113:statue
37:, two
622:ā¸ĸā¸ąā¸ā¸Šāš
468:India
402:glaze
341:Hindu
305:human
297:demon
286:Acala
213:dvÄra
201:Khmer
183:Names
129:Jaina
121:Hindu
835:ISBN
618:Thai
594:Bali
552:and
484:Java
422:kiln
416:and
395:clay
380:club
372:Bali
370:and
368:Java
357:Kali
347:and
309:nÄga
226:and
217:pÄla
189:Thai
133:Java
108:gada
103:gate
99:door
79:IAST
55:Java
888:794
797:Nio
699:),
529:in
506:in
428:.
260:in
252:in
244:in
241:NiÅ
238:or
230:is
195:,
101:or
69:or
982::
941:.
905:.
833:,
664:,
628:,
620::
596:,
576:,
533:,
510:,
486:,
404:.
264:.
248:,
199:,
191:,
135:.
123:,
81::
65:A
57:,
53:,
951:.
915:.
890:.
616:(
600:.
580:.
560:.
470:.
176:.
73:(
61:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
