322:
86:
124:
67:
193:
associated with morphea have shown results in higher frequencies of anti-histone and anti-topoisomerase IIa antibodies. Case reports of morphea co-existing with other systemic autoimmune diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis, vitiligo, and systemic lupus erythematosus lend support to morphea as
372:
than with placebo plus prednisone. Some have tried prescription vitamin-D with success. Ultraviolet A (UVA) light, with or without psoralens have also been tried. UVA-1, a more specific wavelength of UVA light, is able to penetrate the deeper portions of the skin and thus, thought to soften the
282:
characterized by a line of thickened skin which can affect the bones and muscles underneath it. It most often occurs in the arms, legs, or forehead, and may occur in more than one area. It is also most likely to be on just one side of the body. Linear scleroderma generally first appears in young
391:
Morphea is a form of scleroderma that is more common in women than men, in a ratio 3:1. Morphea occurs in childhood as well as in adult life. Morphea is an uncommon condition that is thought to affect 2 to 4 in 100,000 people. Adequate studies on the incidence and prevalence have not been
766:
Prinz JC, Kutasi Z, Weisenseel P, PĂłtĂł L, BattyĂĄni Z, Ruzicka T (2009). ""Borrelia-associated early-onset morphea": a particular type of scleroderma in childhood and adolescence with high titer antinuclear antibodies? Results of a cohort analysis and presentation of three cases".
354:
Throughout the years, many different treatments have been tried for morphea including topical, intra-lesional, and systemic corticosteroids. Antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine have been used. Other immunomodulators such as
1096:
1081:
367:
have been tried. Children and teenagers with active morphea (linear scleroderma, generalised morphea and mixed morphea: linear and circumscribed) may experience greater improvement of disease activity or damage with oral methotrexate plus
2277:
102:
that mainly involves isolated patches of hardened skin on the face, hands, and feet, or anywhere else on the body, usually with no internal organ involvement. However, in Deep
Morphea inflammation and sclerosis can be found in the deep
1196:
373:
plaques in morphea by acting in two fashions: by causing a systemic immunosuppression from UV light, or by inducing enzymes that naturally degrade the collagen matrix in the skin as part of natural sun-aging of the skin.
345:. The disease results in round or oval patches of hyper-pigmented skin. The darkened skin patches may sometimes have a bluish or purplish hue when they first appear and are often smooth to the touch and hairless.
2270:
1189:
189:
and scientists do not know what causes morphea. Case reports and observational studies suggest there is a higher frequency of family history of autoimmune diseases in patients with morphea. Tests for
801:
2263:
880:
383:
However, there is limited evidence that UVAâ1 (50 J/cm), lowâdose UVAâ1 (20 J/cm), and narrowband UVB differ from each other in effectiveness in treating children and adults with active morphea.
1182:
392:
performed. Morphea also may be under-reported, as physicians may be unaware of this disorder, and smaller morphea plaques may be less often referred to a dermatologist or rheumatologist.
2759:
2608:
2598:
2807:
723:
GonzĂĄlez-LĂłpez MA, Drake M, GonzĂĄlez-Vela MC, Armesto S, Llaca HF, Val-Bernal JF (2006). "Generalized morphea and primary biliary cirrhosis coexisting in a male patient".
333:(also known as "Dyschromic and atrophic variation of scleroderma," "Morphea plana atrophica," "Sclérodermie atrophique d'emblée") is a disease characterized by large
341:, elastin is normal, while collagen may be thickened. Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini affects less than 200,000 Americans and is classified as a rare disease by
1689:
1022:
Peterson LS, Nelson AM, Su WP, Mason T, O'Fallon WM, Gabriel SE (1997). "The epidemiology of morphea (localized scleroderma) in
Olmsted County 1960-1993".
680:
Bonifati C, Impara G, Morrone A, Pietrangeli A, Carducci M (2006). "Simultaneous occurrence of linear scleroderma and homolateral segmental vitiligo".
567:
Zulian F, Athreya BH, Laxer R (2006). "Juvenile localized scleroderma: clinical and epidemiological features in 750 children. An international study".
2371:
2612:
2583:
2405:
2388:
233:
is characterized by widespread indurated plaques and pigmentary changes, sometimes associated with muscle atrophy, but without visceral involvement.
269:
is manifested by sclerosis of the dermis, panniculus, fascia, muscle, and at times, the bone, all causing disabling limitation of motion of joints.
2457:
2442:
922:
Albuquerque, Julia V de; Andriolo, Brenda NG; Vasconcellos, Monica RA; Civile, Vinicius T; Lyddiatt, Anne; Trevisani, Virginia FM (2019-07-16).
2742:
1996:
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Morphea (Localized
Scleroderma. Nicole M. Fett, MD. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149(9):1124. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.5079. September 2013
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Majeed M, Al-Mayouf SM, Al-Sabban E, Bahabri S (2000). "Coexistent linear scleroderma and juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus".
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Hayakawa I, Hasegawa M, Takehara K, Sato S (2004). "Anti-DNA topoisomerase IIalpha autoantibodies in localized scleroderma".
2899:
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2754:
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1940:
1631:
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206:-associated early onset morphea" and is characterized by the combination of disease onset at younger age, infection with
3020:
2746:
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2314:
2107:
1862:
1553:
401:
170:
involvement. This classification scheme does not include the mixed form of morphea in which different morphologies of
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characterized by a linear band of atrophy and a furrow in the skin that occurs in the frontal or frontoparietal
17:
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1975:
1621:
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1453:
1111:
31:
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1935:
1654:
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1256:
227:
is characterized by both lesions of morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, most commonly seen in women.
202:
infection may be relevant for the induction of a distinct autoimmune type of scleroderma; it may be called "
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2427:
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163:
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732:
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646:
611:
576:
538:
459:
529:
Peterson LS, Nelson AM, Su WP (1995). "Classification of morphea (localized scleroderma)".
2175:
2102:
1773:
1488:
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1271:
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260:
167:
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with a sharp peripheral border dropping into a depression with no outpouching, which, on
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2235:
2225:
2142:
1684:
1512:
992:
956:
923:
171:
132:
1105:
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may coexist in a single patient, with one report suggesting that the lesions followed
210:, and evident autoimmune phenomena as reflected by high-titer antinuclear antibodies.
3014:
2995:
2981:
2922:
2452:
2220:
2195:
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2112:
1980:
1847:
1707:
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1008:
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1116:
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274:
151:
99:
79:
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2001:
1878:
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108:
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2155:
1919:
1506:
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186:
159:
136:
135:
or plaques a few centimeters in diameter, but also may occur as bands or in
1000:
965:
867:
788:
744:
701:
658:
623:
588:
479:
447:
1035:
854:
Katz, KA (October 2003). "Frontal linear scleroderma (en coup de sabre)".
550:
150:
deposition. Morphea includes specific conditions ranging from very small
2230:
1852:
1832:
1768:
1722:
1664:
1601:
1543:
1363:
1312:
1241:
147:
35:
1073:
66:
2844:
1883:
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1649:
1578:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1162:
542:
175:
155:
615:
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2500:
2412:
1641:
1586:
1353:
1348:
1322:
1231:
1085:
338:
334:
244:
112:
104:
342:
1307:
320:
314:
302:
122:
826:
Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007).
2482:
1888:
1407:
1226:
2259:
1178:
27:
Form of scleroderma involving isolated patches of hardened skin
423:
Fitzpatrick's color atlas and synopsis of clinical dermatology
425:(5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Pub. Division.
374:
174:
are present in the same individual. Up to 15% of morphea
507:
James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005).
313:. It gets its name from the perceived similarity to a
142:
Morphea is a thickening and hardening of the skin and
178:
may fall into this previously unrecognized category.
2286:
Cutaneous keratosis, ulcer, atrophy, and necrobiosis
1063:
979:
Laxer RM, Zulian F (2006). "Localized scleroderma".
263:
and tends to run a more chronic debilitating course.
2969:
2951:
2913:
2843:
2783:
2718:
2703:
2674:
2621:
2599:
Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis
2532:
2519:
2291:
2174:
2141:
2085:
2070:
2061:
2018:
1989:
1968:
1959:
1912:
1871:
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1829:
1822:
1811:
1756:
1698:
1640:
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1321:
1285:
1217:
1210:
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1067:
509:
73:
50:
45:
2760:Lupus erythematosusâlichen planus overlap syndrome
1205:Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology
18:Dyschromic and atrophic variation of scleroderma
278:is a type of localised scleroderma which is an
2808:Morpheaâlichen sclerosus et atrophicus overlap
225:Morpheaâlichen sclerosus et atrophicus overlap
2271:
1690:Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta
1190:
899:Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine
503:
501:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
259:. Morphea profunda shows little response to
8:
1344:Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma)
446:Bielsa, Isabel; Ariza, Aurelio (June 2007).
849:
847:
821:
819:
817:
815:
2715:
2529:
2278:
2264:
2256:
2067:
1965:
1837:
1826:
1819:
1423:
1412:
1214:
1197:
1183:
1175:
1064:
452:Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
84:
65:
42:
2372:Seborrheic keratosis with squamous atypia
955:
2613:Interstitial granulomatous drug reaction
2584:Annular elastolytic giant-cell granuloma
2406:Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis
2389:Keratosis punctata of the palmar creases
562:
560:
2458:Multiple minute digitate hyperkeratosis
2443:Hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola
928:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
413:
247:, and there is a clinical overlap with
2315:Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex
1997:Disseminated intravascular coagulation
154:only involving the skin to widespread
2905:Atrophia maculosa varioliformis cutis
2609:Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis
917:
915:
901:. (6th ed.). Page 1029. McGraw-Hill.
7:
2433:Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans
2885:Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans
2987:Poikiloderma vasculare atrophicans
2880:Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini
2818:Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini
1779:Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
993:10.1097/01.bor.0000245727.40630.c3
511:. (10th ed.). Saunders. Page 171.
331:Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini
25:
2928:Reactive perforating collagenosis
2562:Granuloma annulare in HIV disease
1680:Transient acantholytic dermatosis
2377:Reticulated seborrheic keratosis
1789:Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis
737:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2006.00165.x
694:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01336.x
651:10.1046/j.1525-1470.2000.01820.x
343:http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov
158:causing functional and cosmetic
2943:Acquired perforating dermatosis
2933:Elastosis perforans serpiginosa
2873:JadassohnâPellizzari anetoderma
1799:Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides
421:Fitzpatrick, Thomas B. (2005).
131:Morphea most often presents as
115:, superficial muscle and bone.
2367:Irritated seborrheic keratosis
2040:Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus
1748:Subcorneal pustular dermatosis
1374:Infantile digital fibromatosis
1053:JAMA Dermatology Patient Page.
940:10.1002/14651858.cd005027.pub5
162:. Morphea discriminates from
1:
2900:Linear atrophoderma of Moulin
2572:Patch-type granuloma annulare
2448:Inverted follicular keratosis
1632:Epidermolysis bullosa simplex
1469:Langerhans cell histiocytosis
253:eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome
2868:SchweningerâBuzzi anetoderma
2567:Localized granuloma annulare
2108:Systemic lupus erythematosus
1863:Systemic lupus erythematosus
1554:Systemic lupus erythematosus
886:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
807:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
682:J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol
402:List of cutaneous conditions
2594:Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma
2493:Waxy keratosis of childhood
2362:Common seborrheic keratosis
2357:Clonal seborrheic keratosis
2339:Keratoderma blennorrhagicum
1389:Lymphangioma circumscriptum
924:"Interventions for morphea"
581:10.1093/rheumatology/kei251
3047:
3031:Connective tissue diseases
2310:Paraneoplastic keratoderma
2211:Mucous membrane pemphigoid
897:Freedberg, et al. (2003).
856:Dermatology Online Journal
781:10.1016/j.jaad.2008.09.023
464:10.1016/j.sder.2007.02.005
325:Frontal linear scleroderma
287:Frontal linear scleroderma
127:Frontal linear scleroderma
29:
2382:Dermatosis papulosa nigra
2305:Keratoderma climactericum
828:Dermatology: 2-Volume Set
64:
59:Circumscribed scleroderma
2938:Perforating folliculitis
2890:Semicircular lipoatrophy
2327:Drug-induced keratoderma
1976:Thrombocytopenic purpura
1622:Dermatitis herpetiformis
1607:Acute contact dermatitis
1559:Pityriasis rubra pilaris
1484:WiskottâAldrich syndrome
1454:Lichen simplex chronicus
1334:Epidermal inclusion cyst
295:morphea en coup de sabre
166:by its supposed lack of
32:Morphia (disambiguation)
2895:Follicular atrophoderma
2683:eosinophilic dermatosis
2241:Squamous-cell carcinoma
2236:Systemic histoplasmosis
1627:Porphyria cutanea tarda
1257:Squamous-cell carcinoma
305:. Multiple lesions of
194:an autoimmune disease.
2623:Foreign body granuloma
2534:Necrobiotic/palisading
2428:Chronic scar keratosis
2216:Cicatricial pemphigoid
2133:Acne keloidalis nuchae
2128:Folliculitis decalvans
326:
249:eosinophilic fasciitis
128:
2798:Localized scleroderma
2579:Necrobiosis lipoidica
2511:Cutis verticis gyrata
2438:Hydrocarbon keratosis
2322:Aquagenic keratoderma
2118:Loose anagen syndrome
2045:Necrobiosis lipoidica
1981:Actinic/solar purpura
1655:Insect bite reactions
1444:Seborrheic dermatitis
1267:Merkel-cell carcinoma
1247:Molluscum contagiosum
569:Rheumatology (Oxford)
324:
126:
55:Localized scleroderma
2961:Pyoderma gangrenosum
2823:Pansclerotic morphea
2604:Rheumatoid nodulosis
2589:Granuloma multiforme
2468:Reactional keratosis
2418:Ichthyosis acquisita
2401:Acanthosis nigricans
2352:Seborrheic keratosis
2293:Epidermal thickening
1941:Annulare centrifugum
1464:Glucagonoma syndrome
1262:Basal-cell carcinoma
1237:Seborrheic keratosis
830:. St. Louis: Mosby.
802:"linear scleroderma"
267:Pansclerotic morphea
199:Borrelia burgdorferi
144:subcutaneous tissues
139:lesions or nodules.
3021:Autoimmune diseases
2813:Generalized morphea
2651:Zirconium granuloma
2631:Beryllium granuloma
2499:other hypertrophy:
2453:Lichenoid keratosis
2423:Arsenical keratosis
2186:Aphthous stomatitis
2123:Lichen planopilaris
2098:Androgenic alopecia
1904:Fixed drug eruption
1479:Pemphigus foliaceus
1379:Granular cell tumor
981:Curr Opin Rheumatol
241:subcutaneous tissue
231:Generalized morphea
2833:Linear scleroderma
2646:Silicone granuloma
2542:Granuloma annulare
2206:Pemphigus vulgaris
2035:Granuloma annulare
1899:Carcinoid syndrome
1784:Tuberous sclerosis
1743:Coccidioidomycosis
1617:Bullous pemphigoid
1612:Pemphigus vulgaris
1544:Secondary syphilis
1434:Contact dermatitis
1138:External resources
769:J Am Acad Dermatol
543:10.4065/70.11.1068
379:2019-02-03 at the
327:
299:linear scleroderma
280:autoimmune disease
257:toxic oil syndrome
255:, and the Spanish
164:systemic sclerosis
129:
119:Signs and symptoms
3008:
3007:
3004:
3003:
2803:Localized morphea
2775:Rowell's syndrome
2699:
2698:
2689:Granuloma faciale
2636:Mercury granuloma
2506:Hypertrophic scar
2488:Warty dyskeratoma
2478:Thermal keratosis
2253:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2093:Telogen effluvium
2057:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2009:
1955:
1954:
1807:
1806:
1675:Lichen spinulosus
1670:Keratosis pilaris
1549:Mycosis fungoides
1449:Stasis dermatitis
1439:Atopic dermatitis
1402:
1401:
1277:Trichoepithelioma
1252:Actinic keratosis
1172:
1171:
837:978-1-4160-2999-1
616:10.1002/art.11432
432:978-0-07-144019-6
93:
92:
40:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3038:
2977:Calcinosis cutis
2858:Lichen sclerosus
2828:Morphea profunda
2716:
2641:Silica granuloma
2530:
2473:Stucco keratosis
2280:
2273:
2266:
2257:
2191:Oral candidiasis
2068:
1966:
1894:Erythema nodosum
1838:
1827:
1820:
1764:Tinea versicolor
1602:Bullous impetigo
1539:Pityriasis rosea
1474:Lichen sclerosus
1459:Darier's disease
1424:
1413:
1369:Kaposi's sarcoma
1215:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1176:
1065:
1040:
1039:
1019:
1013:
1012:
976:
970:
969:
959:
919:
910:
895:
889:
878:
872:
871:
851:
842:
841:
823:
810:
799:
793:
792:
763:
757:
756:
720:
714:
713:
677:
671:
670:
639:Pediatr Dermatol
634:
628:
627:
599:
593:
592:
564:
555:
554:
526:
520:
505:
484:
483:
443:
437:
436:
418:
311:Blaschko's lines
307:en coup de sabre
291:en coup de sabre
237:Morphea profunda
89:
88:
69:
43:
21:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3000:
2965:
2947:
2909:
2848:
2839:
2788:
2779:
2721:
2720:Cutaneous lupus
2708:
2695:
2675:Other/ungrouped
2670:
2617:
2515:
2483:Viral keratosis
2287:
2284:
2254:
2245:
2177:
2170:
2137:
2103:Alopecia areata
2081:
2063:
2049:
2006:
1985:
1961:
1951:
1908:
1867:
1853:Viral exanthems
1831:
1815:
1813:
1803:
1774:Pityriasis alba
1752:
1694:
1636:
1573:
1493:
1489:Zinc deficiency
1419:
1417:
1398:
1326:
1317:
1281:
1272:Nevus sebaceous
1206:
1203:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1133:
1132:
1076:
1062:
1049:
1047:Further reading
1044:
1043:
1021:
1020:
1016:
978:
977:
973:
934:(7): CD005027.
921:
920:
913:
896:
892:
881:"coup de sabre"
879:
875:
853:
852:
845:
838:
825:
824:
813:
800:
796:
765:
764:
760:
722:
721:
717:
679:
678:
674:
636:
635:
631:
604:Arthritis Rheum
601:
600:
596:
566:
565:
558:
537:(11): 1068â76.
531:Mayo Clin. Proc
528:
527:
523:
506:
487:
445:
444:
440:
433:
420:
419:
415:
410:
398:
389:
381:Wayback Machine
352:
297:) is a type of
289:(also known as
261:corticosteroids
221:
216:
184:
146:from excessive
121:
83:
41:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3044:
3042:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3013:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2794:
2792:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2750:
2749:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2726:
2724:
2713:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2538:
2536:
2527:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2463:PUVA keratosis
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2397:hyperkeratosis
2392:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2226:Coxsackievirus
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1938:
1936:Gyratum repens
1933:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1858:Toxic erythema
1855:
1850:
1848:Drug eruptions
1844:
1842:
1835:
1824:
1817:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1685:Lichen nitidus
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1587:Herpes simplex
1583:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1421:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1154:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1119:
1108:
1093:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:Classification
1061:
1060:External links
1058:
1057:
1056:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1014:
971:
911:
890:
873:
843:
836:
811:
794:
758:
731:(10): 709â13.
715:
672:
629:
594:
556:
521:
485:
448:"Deep morphea"
438:
431:
412:
411:
409:
406:
405:
404:
397:
394:
388:
385:
351:
348:
347:
346:
319:
318:
284:
270:
264:
239:involves deep
234:
228:
220:
219:Classification
217:
215:
212:
208:B. burgdorferi
191:autoantibodies
183:
180:
168:internal organ
120:
117:
91:
90:
77:
71:
70:
62:
61:
52:
48:
47:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3043:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
2997:
2996:Pseudo-ainhum
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2982:Sclerodactyly
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2923:Kyrle disease
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2722:erythematosus
2717:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2702:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2196:Lichen planus
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:Onychomycosis
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Tinea capitis
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2062:Miscellaneous
2060:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1960:Nonblanchable
1958:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1810:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:Hypopigmented
1755:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1708:Acne vulgaris
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1660:Lichen planus
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1592:Herpes zoster
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1564:Parapsoriasis
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
987:(6): 606â13.
986:
982:
975:
972:
967:
963:
958:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
918:
916:
912:
908:
907:0-07-138076-0
904:
900:
894:
891:
888:
887:
882:
877:
874:
869:
865:
861:
857:
850:
848:
844:
839:
833:
829:
822:
820:
818:
816:
812:
809:
808:
803:
798:
795:
790:
786:
782:
778:
775:(2): 248â55.
774:
770:
762:
759:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
719:
716:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
676:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
633:
630:
625:
621:
617:
613:
610:(1): 227â32.
609:
605:
598:
595:
590:
586:
582:
578:
575:(5): 614â20.
574:
570:
563:
561:
557:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
525:
522:
518:
517:0-7216-2921-0
514:
510:
504:
502:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
486:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
442:
439:
434:
428:
424:
417:
414:
407:
403:
400:
399:
395:
393:
386:
384:
382:
378:
375:
371:
366:
365:penicillamine
362:
358:
349:
344:
340:
336:
332:
329:
328:
323:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
285:
281:
277:
276:
271:
268:
265:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
222:
218:
213:
211:
209:
205:
201:
200:
195:
192:
188:
181:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
138:
134:
125:
118:
116:
114:
110:
106:
101:
98:is a form of
97:
87:
81:
78:
76:
72:
68:
63:
60:
56:
53:
49:
44:
37:
33:
19:
3026:Rheumatology
2850:atrophoderma
2789:
2736:Panniculitis
2681:
2666:Carbon stain
2557:Subcutaneous
2331:
2166:Ingrown nail
2029:
1738:Dermatophyte
1733:Gonococcemia
1718:Folliculitis
1359:Neurofibroma
1327:subcutaneous
1156:
1145:
1121:
1110:
1095:
1080:
1030:(1): 73â80.
1027:
1024:J. Rheumatol
1023:
1017:
984:
980:
974:
931:
927:
898:
893:
884:
876:
859:
855:
827:
805:
797:
772:
768:
761:
728:
724:
718:
685:
681:
675:
645:(6): 456â9.
642:
638:
632:
607:
603:
597:
572:
568:
534:
530:
524:
508:
458:(2): 90â95.
455:
451:
441:
422:
416:
390:
387:Epidemiology
357:methotrexate
353:
330:
306:
294:
290:
286:
272:
266:
243:, including
236:
230:
224:
207:
203:
197:
196:
185:
172:skin lesions
141:
130:
95:
94:
58:
54:
2915:Perforating
2785:Scleroderma
2753:ungrouped:
2656:Soot tattoo
2552:Generalized
2547:Perforating
2521:Necrobiosis
2301:keratoderma
2221:Herpesvirus
2201:Leukoplakia
2026:Scleroderma
1913:Specialized
1841:Generalized
1816:involvement
1728:Candidiasis
1420:involvement
1394:Myxoid cyst
1242:Acrochordon
725:J. Dermatol
688:(1): 63â5.
275:scleroderma
160:deformities
100:scleroderma
80:Dermatology
51:Other names
3015:Categories
2953:Skin ulcer
2863:Anetoderma
2729:chronic:
2709:localized
2161:Paronychia
2002:Vasculitis
1926:Multiforme
1924:Erythema (
1879:Cellulitis
1830:Blanchable
1579:Blistering
1569:Ichthyosis
1427:Eczematous
1339:Hemangioma
1158:Patient UK
1123:DiseasesDB
408:References
370:prednisone
361:tacrolimus
359:, topical
187:Physicians
109:panniculus
30:See also:
2770:Verrucous
2755:Chilblain
2525:granuloma
2348:keratosis
2333:psoriasis
2156:Psoriasis
2064:disorders
2019:Indurated
1920:Urticaria
1872:Localized
1814:epidermal
1597:Varicella
1507:Psoriasis
1418:epidermal
1384:Leiomyoma
1286:Pigmented
1219:Epidermal
1147:eMedicine
948:1465-1858
862:(4): 10.
472:1085-5629
350:Treatment
283:children.
214:Diagnosis
75:Specialty
2845:Atrophic
2747:Neonatal
2743:subacute
2231:Syphilis
2178:membrane
1833:Erythema
1769:Vitiligo
1723:Impetigo
1700:Pustular
1665:Miliaria
1513:Corporis
1364:Xanthoma
1313:Melanoma
1293:Freckles
1152:derm/272
1009:42839634
1001:17053506
966:31309547
868:14594583
789:19022534
753:29859708
745:17040502
710:11523611
702:16405610
667:30359530
659:11123778
624:14730620
589:16368732
480:17544960
396:See also
377:Archived
204:Borrelia
176:patients
148:collagen
36:Morphine
2790:Morphea
2731:Discoid
2030:morphea
1990:Papular
1969:Macular
1962:Purpura
1946:Ab igne
1931:Migrans
1884:Abscess
1812:Without
1794:Leprosy
1713:Rosacea
1650:Scabies
1642:Papular
1511:Tinea (
1499:Scaling
1303:Melasma
1298:Lentigo
1211:Growths
1163:Morphea
1117:D012594
1036:9002014
957:6630193
551:7475336
335:lesions
273:Linear
156:disease
152:plaques
137:guttate
133:macules
96:Morphea
46:Morphea
2992:Ainhum
2705:Dermis
2661:Tattoo
2501:Keloid
2413:Callus
2395:other
2176:Mucous
2072:Ulcers
1533:Faciei
1528:Manuum
1518:Cruris
1408:Rashes
1354:Lipoma
1349:Keloid
1323:Dermal
1232:Callus
1034:
1007:
999:
964:
954:
946:
905:
866:
834:
787:
751:
743:
708:
700:
665:
657:
622:
587:
549:
515:
478:
470:
429:
363:, and
339:biopsy
317:wound.
245:fascia
113:fascia
105:dermis
82:
2970:Other
2765:Tumid
1523:Pedis
1308:Nevus
1106:701.0
1091:L94.0
1005:S2CID
749:S2CID
706:S2CID
663:S2CID
315:sabre
303:scalp
182:Cause
2143:Nail
2086:Hair
1889:Boil
1416:With
1227:Wart
1128:8351
1112:MeSH
1101:9-CM
1032:PMID
997:PMID
962:PMID
944:ISSN
932:2019
903:ISBN
864:PMID
832:ISBN
785:PMID
741:PMID
698:PMID
655:PMID
620:PMID
585:PMID
547:PMID
513:ISBN
476:PMID
468:ISSN
427:ISBN
34:and
2711:CTD
1823:Red
1325:and
1097:ICD
1082:ICD
989:doi
952:PMC
936:doi
883:at
804:at
777:doi
733:doi
690:doi
647:doi
612:doi
577:doi
539:doi
460:doi
293:or
57:or
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2745::
2399::
2350::
2303::
1161::
1150::
1126::
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1028:24
1026:.
1003:.
995:.
985:18
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960:.
950:.
942:.
930:.
926:.
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858:.
846:^
814:^
783:.
773:60
771:.
747:.
739:.
729:33
727:.
704:.
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684:.
661:.
653:.
643:17
641:.
618:.
608:50
606:.
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573:45
571:.
559:^
545:.
535:70
533:.
488:^
474:.
466:.
456:26
454:.
450:.
251:,
111:,
107:,
2994:/
2847:/
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2279:e
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1184:v
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20:)
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