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365:
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and a cargo door with a hoist and winch. The first C-54A was delivered in
February 1943. With the introduction of the C-54B in March 1944, the outer wings were changed to hold integral fuel tanks, allowing two of the cabin tanks to be removed; this allowed 49 seats (or 16 stretchers) to be fitted. The C-54C was a hybrid for Presidential use; it had a C-54A fuselage with four cabin fuel tanks and the C-54B wings with built-in tanks to achieve maximum range.
588:
53:
560:
376:
290:
255:, it became obvious that the 52-seat airliner was too inefficient and unreliable to operate economically and the partner airlines, American Airlines, Eastern, Pan American, Trans World and United, recommended a lengthy list of changes to the design. Douglas took the new requirements and produced an entirely new, much smaller design, the DC-4A, with a simpler, still unpressurized fuselage,
282:
332:
Douglas continued to develop the type during the war in preparation for a return to airline use when peace returned. Sales of new aircraft had to compete against 500 wartime ex-military C-54s and R5Ds which came onto the civilian market, many of which were converted to DC-4 standard by
Douglas. DC-4s
304:
To meet military requirements, the first production aircraft had four additional auxiliary fuel tanks in the main cabin, which reduced the passenger seats to 26. The following batch of aircraft was the first built to military specifications, and was designated C-54A and built with a stronger floor
635:
A 1945-built C-54 (C-54E-5-DO) c/n 27289, USAAF serial 44-9063, was recovered from
Reconstruction Finance Corporation by Douglas aircraft for conversion to DC-4. It served with Pan American World Airways from 1946 to 1952 as NC-88887, then with a succession of carriers and private owners until
308:
The most common variant was the C-54D, which entered service in August 1944, essentially a C-54B with more powerful R-2000-11 engines. With the C-54E the last two cabin fuel tanks were moved to the wings, which allowed more freight or 44 passenger seats.
1520:
magazine photos by Eliot
Elisofon of first production batch of DC-4s being completed (partly outdoors) as military C-54s (note absence of cargo door on these), and including early air-to-air photos of 42-10237 the first DC-4/C-54 to
312:
In total, 1,163 C-54s (or R5D in US Navy service) were built for the United States military between 1942 and
January 1946 and another 79 DC-4s were built after the war. A later variant, with more powerful
471:
Basic prices for a new DC-4 in 1946–47 were around £140,000-£160,000 (equivalent to £8,383,048 in 2023). In 1960, used DC-4s were available for around £80,000 (equivalent to £2,326,868 in 2023).
632:
DC-4 (N55CW c/n 10673, currently registered to
Aircraft Guaranty Corp Trustee) is fitted with spray bars on top of the wings and is currently based in Florida on standby for oil pollution control.
266:
With the entry of the United States into World War II, in
December 1941, the United States Army Air Forces took over the provisional orders for the airlines and allocated them the designation
2040:
2035:
577:
1516:
745:
2,868 US gal (2,388 imp gal; 10,860 L) normal capacity or 3,592 US gal (2,991 imp gal; 13,600 L) with alternative inner wing tanks
329:
The DC-4/C-54 proved to be a popular and reliable type, with 1,245 being built between May 1942 and August 1947, including 79 postwar DC-4s. Several remain in service as of 2022.
607:
and are owned by the South
African Airways Museum Society and operated by Skyclass Aviation, a company specialising in classic and VIP charters to exotic destinations in Africa.
460:
overseas. Several airlines used new-build DC-4s to start scheduled transatlantic flights between Latin
America and Europe. Among the earliest were Aerolíneas Argentinas (1946),
1795:
599:
The last two passenger DC-4s operating worldwide are based in
Johannesburg, South Africa. They fly with old South African Airways (SAA) livery. They are ZS-AUB
1752:
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A 1945-built DC-4 (C-54D) 43-17228 is being operated by Berlin Airlift Historical Foundation as a flying museum of the Berlin Airlift. Called the
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Day transport: 44 pax with baggage and freight; Sleeper transport: 22 pax with baggage and freight; — later, up to 86 in high density seating
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110:
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Douglas produced 79 new-build DC-4s between January 1946 and August 9, 1947, the last example being delivered to South African Airways.
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A total of 330 DC-4s and C-54s were used in the Berlin Airlift, which made them one of the most numerous types involved.
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retired in 1989 as N88887. Around 1990 it was placed on display at the Berlin Airlift Memorial at Frankfurt Airport.
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Maximum cruise speed 246 mph (214 kn; 396 km/h) in high blower at 20,800 ft (6,300 m)
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1260:"N55CW (1942 DOUGLAS C54D-DC owned by AIRCRAFT GUARANTY CORP TRUSTEE) Aircraft Registration ✈ FlightAware"
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A DC-4 painted in the KLM "Flying Dutchman" scheme of the Dutch Dakota Association, Lelystad, Holland
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is depicted on this 1946 U.S. Airmail stamp. The DC-4 was used extensively for airmail service.
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785:
119:
1954:
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1526:
Popular Mechanics Article about testing prototype DC-4. Incl photo of triple-tail prototype
656:
Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1947, McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I
52:
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1506:
629:
615:
490:
334:
248:
163:
129:
114:
1259:
1433:
Griffith, Alan (2019). "Ploughshares into Swords: The Douglas DC-4/4E Bomber Projects".
1732:
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267:
236:
72:
559:
2100:
1915:
1821:
1764:
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1187:"DC4, Vampire planes on display at HARS Aviation Museum Tarmac Days in December 2022"
880:
252:
31:
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809:
227 mph (365 km/h, 197 kn) 60% power at 10,000 ft (3,000 m)
1927:
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0.0787 hp/lb (0.1294 kW/kg) at maximum gross weight with take-off power
788:
Hydromatic, 13 ft 1 in (3.99 m) diameter constant-speed propellers
544:
with a modified nose with a raised cockpit to allow cars to be loaded more easily
289:
239:
and into the 1960s. From 1945, many civil airlines operated the DC-4 worldwide.
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449:
429:
358:
1442:
1378:
967:
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was an option, but all civilian DC-4s (and C-54s) were built unpressurized.
1512:
Vintage Wings of Canada Canadair North Star showing RR Merlin installation
803:
280 mph (450 km/h, 240 kn) at 14,000 ft (4,300 m)
1977:
425:
297:
220:
68:
840:
4,250 mi (6,840 km, 3,690 nmi) with inner wing fuel cells
834:
3,300 mi (5,300 km, 2,900 nmi) at 10% above max L/D speed
281:
30:"DC-4" redirects here. For the original aircraft designated "DC-4", see
704:
441:
354:
317:
engines allowing it to fly over 40% faster, was built in Canada as the
1773:
971:
625:, it replaced a previous C-54 (44-9144) damaged by a tornado in 2020.
433:
293:
17:
371:
DC-4 starting engines at Buenos Aires international airport in 1958
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363:
288:
280:
1212:
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50.1 lb/sq ft (245 kg/m) at maximum gross weight
413:
483:, with both aircraft (ZS-BMH and ZS-AUB) carrying historical
770:
1,100 hp (820 kW) at 14,000 ft (4,300 m)
1495:
Boeing: Historical Snapshot: DC-4/C-54 Skymaster Transport
578:
List of accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-4
475:
As of June 2020, two DC-4s were used for charters in
1087:"Brooks Fuel keeps Alaska supplied using legacy aircraft"
618:, Australia, with a planned restoration to airworthiness.
219:
is an American four-engined (piston), propeller-driven
1302:. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. p. 219c.
1315:
McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I
527:-powered variant, plus a single example powered with
1390:. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd.
2028:
2008:
1975:
1952:
1943:
1868:
1830:
1814:
1700:
1654:
1573:
1317:. London: Naval Institute Press. pp. 313–333.
902:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
203:
185:
177:
169:
158:
150:
145:
137:
106:
98:
86:
78:
64:
59:
45:
968:"History: Products: DC-4/C-54 Skymaster Transport"
759:, 1,450 hp (1,080 kW) each for take-off
649:3-view line drawing of the Douglas R5D-2 Skymaster
1121:""Outeniqua" Douglas DC-4 1009 ZS-AUB c/n 42984"
1234:"Douglas DC-4 "Oil Bomber" Spray Plane at KCGI"
361:) was the largest civilian C-54/DC-4 operator.
1143:""Lebombo" Douglas DC-4 1009 ZS-BMH c/n 43157"
1789:
1546:
1002:"de havilland | 1960 | 2687 | Flight Archive"
8:
753:Pratt & Whitney R-2000-2SD13-G Twin Wasp
497:continues to operate the type commercially.
1473:. Greenwich, Connecticut, US: Bison Books.
957:Piston Engine Airliner Production List 1996
1949:
1796:
1782:
1774:
1553:
1539:
1531:
1367:Aro, Chuck (April–July 1982). "Talkback".
42:
595:Very few DC-4s remain in service today.
610:A 1944-built DC-4/C-54 is on display at
259:engines, and a single fin and rudder. A
1500:The last DC-4s flying passenger service
1471:McDonnell Douglas: A Tale of Two Giants
1340:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"
950:
612:Historical Aircraft Restoration Society
396:Purchasers of new-build DC-4s included
1743:MD-91X / -92X / -94X
1454:. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing.
1213:"Berlin Airlift Historical Foundation"
1145:. South African Airways Museum Society
1123:. South African Airways Museum Society
227:. Military versions of the plane, the
1416:McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Since 1920
27:Four-engine propeller-driven airliner
7:
1300:Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1947
1063:South African Airways Museum Society
688:117 ft 6 in (35.81 m)
682:93 ft 10 in (28.60 m)
481:South African Airways Museum Society
257:Pratt & Whitney R-2000 Twin Wasp
173:14 February 1942 (production series)
111:South African Airways Museum Society
1399:. Coulsden, UK: Aviation Classics.
1733:188 / 188E / 210
1386:Berry, Peter; et al. (1967).
1167:. SkyClass Aviation. 31 March 2014
700:1,460 sq ft (136 m)
694:27 ft 6 in (8.38 m)
495:Yellowknife, Northwest Territories
25:
1274:"Registration Details for N88887"
1085:Stapleton, Rob (15 August 2009).
515:Main production airliner, postwar
51:
1418:. Vol. I. London: Putnam.
1298:Bridgman, Leonard, ed. (1947).
739:73,000 lb (33,112 kg)
733:63,500 lb (28,803 kg)
727:43,300 lb (19,641 kg)
198:Aviation Traders ATL-98 Carvair
1034:. South Africa. Archived from
555:List of Douglas DC-4 operators
464:Airlines of Spain (1946), and
1:
2127:Four-engined tractor aircraft
2117:1940s United States airliners
2086:McDonnell Douglas DC-9 family
1452:Douglas Propliners: DC-1–DC-7
507:List of Douglas DC-4 variants
247:Following proving flights by
2137:Four-engined piston aircraft
2132:Aircraft first flown in 1942
1313:Francillon, René J. (1988).
918:Lockheed L-049 Constellation
418:Scandinavian Airlines System
353:. In the 1950s, Transocean (
529:Pratt & Whitney R-2800s
270:. The first C-54 flew from
2153:
1753:High Speed Civil Transport
1091:Alaska Journal of Commerce
641:Specifications (DC-4-1009)
575:
552:
504:
141:80 DC-4 and 1,163 C-54/R5D
29:
2073:
1761:
1414:Francillon, René (1979).
523:Canadian production of a
50:
1165:"Portfolios: SkyClassic"
871:Aviation Traders Carvair
536:Aviation Traders Carvair
436:Belgian World Airlines,
276:Santa Monica, California
225:Douglas Aircraft Company
93:Douglas Aircraft Company
2036:Accidents and incidents
1450:Pearcy, Arthur (1995).
1344:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu
755:14-cylinder air-cooled
661:General characteristics
572:Accidents and incidents
416:Royal Dutch Air Lines,
343:North American Airlines
278:, on 14 February 1942.
231:and R5D, served during
1708:DC-7 (C-74 derivative)
1435:The Aviation Historian
991:Berry 1967, pp. 70–73.
935:List of civil aircraft
913:Lockheed Constellation
908:Boeing 307 Stratoliner
886:Douglas C-54 Skymaster
650:
592:
568:
383:
372:
301:
286:
243:Design and development
34:. For other uses, see
1110:Blewett 2007, p. 101.
757:radial piston engines
648:
590:
562:
485:South African Airways
458:South African Airways
446:Aerolíneas Argentinas
378:
369:Aerolíneas Argentinas
367:
292:
284:
261:tricycle landing gear
1748:MD-12 / -XX
1718:DC-8 piston airliner
1469:Yenne, Bill (1985).
1395:Blewett, R. (2007).
398:Pan American Airways
339:Great Lakes Airlines
125:Trans World Airlines
36:DC4 (disambiguation)
2081:Douglas DC-3 family
1765:McDonnell 119 / 220
876:Canadair North Star
865:Related development
737:Max takeoff weight:
519:Canadair North Star
424:Airlines of Spain,
351:Transocean Airlines
333:were a favorite of
325:Operational history
319:Canadair North Star
194:Canadair North Star
102:In very limited use
60:General information
1505:2017-02-17 at the
1008:. 18 November 1960
651:
593:
583:Surviving aircraft
569:
540:British cargo and
525:Rolls-Royce Merlin
466:Cubana de Aviación
438:Cubana de Aviación
406:Northwest Airlines
384:
373:
347:Universal Airlines
302:
287:
154:1942 – August 1947
73:transport aircraft
2122:Low-wing aircraft
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2093:
2004:
2003:
1982:
1959:
1771:
1770:
1566:McDonnell Douglas
1406:978-0-9530413-4-3
1338:Lednicer, David.
1193:. 7 December 2022
1032:SkyClass Aviation
786:Hamilton-Standard
623:Spirit of Freedom
563:The Douglas DC-4
402:National Airlines
223:developed by the
213:
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159:Introduction date
120:American Airlines
16:(Redirected from
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1240:. 28 June 2011
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1066:. South Africa
1058:"Our Aircraft"
1049:
1038:on 7 June 2020
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505:Main article:
502:
499:
388:Pressurization
382:DC-4 in flight
326:
323:
268:C-54 Skymaster
263:was retained.
244:
241:
237:Berlin Airlift
211:
210:
205:
204:Developed into
201:
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190:C-54 Skymaster
187:
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1968:(conversions)
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1480:0-517-44287-6
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1461:1-85310-261-X
1457:
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1437:(28): 20–31.
1436:
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1425:0-87021-428-4
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924:Related lists
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
904:
903:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
881:Douglas DC-4E
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
867:
866:
859:
854:
852:
848:
845:
844:Wing loading:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
829:
819:
818:
817:
816:
815:
814:
813:
812:
808:
807:Cruise speed:
805:
802:
799:
798:
797:
795:
787:
783:
780:
779:
769:
768:
767:
766:
765:
764:
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762:
758:
754:
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747:
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741:
738:
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732:
731:Gross weight:
729:
726:
725:Empty weight:
723:
721:
718:
714:
711:
708:
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702:
699:
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684:
681:
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188:
184:
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176:
172:
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165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
140:
136:
132:(historical)
131:
126:
121:
116:
112:
109:
107:Primary users
105:
101:
97:
94:
91:
89:
85:
82:United States
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
58:
54:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
32:Douglas DC-4E
19:
2107:Douglas DC-4
2018:
1837:
1815:Predecessors
1630:
1517:
1470:
1451:
1434:
1415:
1396:
1387:
1368:
1361:Bibliography
1347:. Retrieved
1343:
1333:
1314:
1308:
1299:
1293:
1281:. Retrieved
1277:
1268:
1254:
1242:. Retrieved
1237:
1228:
1216:. Retrieved
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1190:
1181:
1169:. Retrieved
1159:
1147:. Retrieved
1137:
1125:. Retrieved
1115:
1106:
1094:. Retrieved
1090:
1080:
1068:. Retrieved
1061:
1052:
1040:. Retrieved
1036:the original
1031:
1028:"SkyClassic"
1022:
1010:. Retrieved
1005:
996:
987:
975:. Retrieved
962:
953:
923:
922:
901:
900:
896:Douglas DC-7
891:Douglas DC-6
864:
863:
849:
843:
838:Ferry range:
837:
831:
806:
800:
793:
791:
781:
748:
742:
736:
730:
724:
716:
709:
703:
697:
691:
685:
679:
673:
667:
660:
658:
653:
652:
622:
604:
600:
594:
564:
489:
477:South Africa
474:
470:
456:(1946), and
395:
392:
385:
380:Pan American
331:
328:
311:
307:
303:
300:in the 1950s
272:Clover Field
265:
246:
233:World War II
217:Douglas DC-4
216:
214:
208:Douglas DC-6
170:First flight
151:Manufactured
138:Number built
127:(historical)
122:(historical)
117:(historical)
88:Manufacturer
40:
1808:DC-4 family
1701:Never built
1655:Jet-engined
1283:22 November
1278:PlaneLogger
1096:27 February
1012:28 February
794:Performance
782:Propellers:
749:Powerplant:
603:and ZS-BMH
2101:Categories
1989:North Star
1763:See also:
1738:Model 2229
1728:DC-10 Twin
1373:(18): 80.
1324:0870214284
1244:9 February
1171:20 January
1149:21 January
1127:21 January
977:20 January
946:References
851:Power/mass
720:NACA 23012
713:NACA 23016
698:Wing area:
450:Aeropostal
430:Air France
359:California
285:DC-4 cabin
162:1942 with
2048:Operators
1935:Skymaster
1860:DC-7 (II)
1568:airliners
1443:2051-1930
1397:Survivors
1379:0143-5450
1218:25 August
1197:5 January
784:3-bladed
686:Wingspan:
674:Capacity:
654:Data from
601:Outeniqua
565:Skymaster
549:Operators
542:car ferry
454:Venezuela
235:, in the
2077:See also
2065:Variants
2011:aircraft
1981:(Canada)
1978:Canadair
1946:variants
1869:Military
1855:DC-7 (I)
1503:Archived
1349:16 April
860:See also
501:Variants
487:livery.
468:(1948).
426:Swissair
337:such as
298:Trinidad
296:DC-4 in
221:airliner
186:Variants
69:Airliner
2009:Notable
1944:Foreign
1805:Douglas
1601:Dolphin
1562:Douglas
705:Airfoil
692:Height:
680:Length:
628:One ex-
605:Lebombo
479:by the
442:Avianca
355:Oakland
251:of the
178:Retired
146:History
2029:Topics
1477:
1458:
1441:
1422:
1403:
1377:
1321:
1070:7 June
1042:7 June
1006:Flight
972:Boeing
832:Range:
462:Iberia
434:Sabena
422:Iberia
408:, and
349:, and
315:Merlin
294:Pan Am
99:Status
2019:N836D
1996:CL-29
1916:C-132
1911:C-124
1906:C-118
1901:C-116
1896:C-115
1891:C-114
1886:C-112
1822:DC-4E
1713:DC-7D
1692:MD-11
1687:DC-10
1682:MD-95
1677:MD-90
1672:MD-80
1626:DC-4E
941:Notes
710:root:
668:Crew:
253:DC-4E
2058:DC-7
2053:DC-6
2041:DC-6
1881:C-74
1876:C-54
1850:DC-6
1838:DC-4
1667:DC-9
1662:DC-8
1646:DC-7
1641:DC-6
1636:DC-5
1631:DC-4
1621:DC-3
1616:DC-2
1611:DC-1
1564:and
1518:Life
1475:ISBN
1456:ISBN
1439:ISSN
1420:ISBN
1401:ISBN
1375:ISSN
1351:2019
1319:ISBN
1285:2021
1246:2016
1220:2021
1199:2023
1173:2015
1151:2015
1129:2015
1098:2017
1072:2020
1044:2020
1014:2017
979:2015
751:4 ×
717:tip:
512:DC-4
229:C-54
215:The
181:1991
65:Type
46:DC-4
18:DC-4
1955:ATL
1928:R6D
1923:R5D
1596:M-4
1591:M-3
1586:M-2
1581:M-1
1521:fly
614:in
493:of
452:of
414:KLM
274:in
2103::
1606:DF
1342:.
1276:.
1236:.
1189:.
1089:.
1060:.
1030:.
1004:.
970:.
715:;
448:,
444:,
440:,
432:,
428:,
420:,
404:,
400:,
357:,
345:,
341:,
321:.
1843:M
1797:e
1790:t
1783:v
1554:e
1547:t
1540:v
1483:.
1464:.
1445:.
1428:.
1409:.
1381:.
1353:.
1327:.
1287:.
1262:.
1248:.
1222:.
1201:.
1175:.
1153:.
1131:.
1100:.
1074:.
1046:.
1016:.
981:.
853::
707::
670:4
71:/
38:.
20:)
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