1342:
form a hairpin structure. Artemis nuclease, in a complex with the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA‑PK), binds to these DNA ends and makes a single cut near the tip of the hairpin. The exposed 3' termini are subject to deletion and addition of nucleotides by a variety of exonucleases and DNA polymerases, before the V and D segments are ligated to restore the integrity of the chromosome. The exact site of cleavage of the hairpin by
Artemis is variable, and this variability, combined with random nucleotide deletion and addition, confers extreme diversity upon the resulting antibody and T-cell receptor genes, thus allowing the immune system to mount an immune response to virtually any foreign antigen. In Artemis-deficient individuals, V(D)J recombination is blocked because the hairpin ends cannot be opened, and so no mature B or T cells are produced, a condition known as
323:
1362:(DSBs), and they show a higher incidence of chromosome breaks following irradiation. Direct measurement of DSBs by pulsed-field electrophoresis indicates that in Artemis-deficient cells 75-90% of DSBs are repaired rapidly, just as in normal cells. However, the remaining 10-20% of DSBs that are repaired more slowly (2-24 hr) in normal cells, are not repaired at all in Artemis-deficient cells. Repair of these presumably difficult-to-rejoin breaks also requires several other proteins, including the Mre11/Rad50/NBS1 complex, the
300:
197:
222:
581:
574:
329:
228:
42:
1341:
cuts both DNA strands adjacent to a V segment and adjacent to a D segment. The intervening DNA between the V and D segments is ligated to form a circular DNA molecule that is lost from the chromosome. At each of the two remaining ends, called the coding ends, the two strands of DNA are joined to
1511:
Moshous D, Callebaut I, de
Chasseval R, Corneo B, Cavazzana-Calvo M, Le Deist F, Tezcan I, Sanal O, Bertrand Y, Philippe N, Fischer A, de Villartay JP (May 2001). "Artemis, a novel DNA double-strand break repair/V(D)J recombination protein, is mutated in human severe combined immune deficiency".
1366:
ATM kinase, and 53BP1. Because
Artemis can remove damaged ends from DNA, it has been proposed that these DSBs are those whose damaged ends require trimming by Artemis. However, evidence that both ATM and Artemis are specifically required for repair of DSBs in heterochromatin, has called this
68:
2409:
Kobayashi N, Agematsu K, Nagumo H, Yasui K, Katsuyama Y, Yoshizawa K, Ota M, Yachie A, Komiyama A (2003). "Expansion of clonotype-restricted HLA-identical maternal CD4+ T cells in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency and a homozygous mutation in the
Artemis gene".
2371:
Kobayashi N, Agematsu K, Sugita K, Sako M, Nonoyama S, Yachie A, Kumaki S, Tsuchiya S, Ochs HD, Sugita K, Fukushima Y, Komiyama A (2003). "Novel
Artemis gene mutations of radiosensitive severe combined immunodeficiency in Japanese families".
2283:
Noordzij JG, Verkaik NS, van der Burg M, van Veelen LR, de Bruin-Versteeg S, Wiegant W, Vossen JM, Weemaes CM, de Groot R, Zdzienicka MZ, van Gent DC, van Dongen JJ (2003).
336:
235:
1821:
Riballo E, Kühne M, Rief N, Doherty A, Smith GC, Recio MJ, Reis C, Dahm K, Fricke A, Krempler A, Parker AR, Jackson SP, Gennery A, Jeggo PA, Löbrich M (December 2004).
2328:
Moshous D, Pannetier C, de
Chasseval R, le Deist F, Cavazzana-Calvo M, Romana S, Macintyre E, Canioni D, Brousse N, Fischer A, Casanova JL, de Villartay JP (2003).
2285:"Radiosensitive SCID patients with Artemis gene mutations show a complete B-cell differentiation arrest at the pre-B-cell receptor checkpoint in bone marrow"
1954:"Endogenously induced DNA double strand breaks arise in heterochromatic DNA regions and require ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Artemis for their repair"
864:
845:
158:
1337:
genes are assembled from individual V (variable), D (diversity), and J (joining) segments. For example, in joining a V segment to a D segment, the
2164:"Hairpin opening and overhang processing by an Artemis/DNA-dependent protein kinase complex in nonhomologous end joining and V(D)J recombination"
2017:"Hairpin opening and overhang processing by an Artemis/DNA-dependent protein kinase complex in nonhomologous end joining and V(D)J recombination"
1490:
2641:
1652:
1472:
65:
322:
1192:
1343:
299:
2001:
1903:
Beucher A, Birraux J, Tchouandong L, Barton O, Shibata A, Conrad S, Goodarzi AA, Krempler A, Jeggo PA, Löbrich M (November 2009).
1199:
1395:
1678:"Extent to which hairpin opening by the Artemis:DNA-PKcs complex can contribute to junctional diversity in V(D)J recombination"
1459:
1438:
2330:"Partial T and B lymphocyte immunodeficiency and predisposition to lymphoma in patients with hypomorphic mutations in Artemis"
221:
196:
2089:
Adams MD, Kerlavage AR, Fleischmann RD, Fuldner RA, Bult CJ, Lee NH, Kirkness EF, Weinstock KG, Gocayne JD, White O (1995).
1567:"The gene for severe combined immunodeficiency disease in Athabascan-speaking Native Americans is located on chromosome 10p"
1455:
1338:
2090:
1434:
138:
2091:"Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence"
335:
234:
1407:
1363:
1346:. Artemis was first identified as the gene defective in a subset of SCID patients that were unusually sensitive to
328:
227:
1823:"A pathway of double-strand break rejoining dependent upon ATM, Artemis, and proteins locating to gamma-H2AX foci"
1769:
Deckbar D, Birraux J, Krempler A, Tchouandong L, Beucher A, Walker S, Stiff T, Jeggo P, Löbrich M (March 2007).
2527:"Artemis is a phosphorylation target of ATM and ATR and is involved in the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint response"
2441:"The metallo-beta-lactamase/beta-CASP domain of Artemis constitutes the catalytic core for V(D)J recombination"
909:
146:
1358:
Cells deficient in
Artemis are more sensitive than normal cells to X‑rays and to chemical agents that induce
890:
2207:"A founder mutation in Artemis, an SNM1-like protein, causes SCID in Athabascan-speaking Native Americans"
210:
1905:"ATM and Artemis promote homologous recombination of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks in G2"
2126:
1371:
125:
2568:
Poinsignon C, de
Chasseval R, Soubeyrand S, Moshous D, Fischer A, Haché RJ, de Villartay JP (2004).
1323:
1299:
1175:
1171:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1100:
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999:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
2397:
2193:
2150:
2046:
1547:
170:
1161:
1157:
1118:
1042:
1038:
1007:
580:
573:
2611:
2591:
2556:
2513:
2470:
2427:
2389:
2359:
2316:
2271:
2228:
2185:
2142:
2105:
2077:
2038:
1983:
1934:
1885:
1864:"ATM signaling facilitates repair of DNA double-strand breaks associated with heterochromatin"
1844:
1803:
1751:
1707:
1658:
1648:
1596:
1539:
118:
58:
166:
2581:
2546:
2538:
2503:
2495:
2460:
2452:
2419:
2381:
2349:
2341:
2306:
2296:
2261:
2253:
2218:
2175:
2134:
2028:
1973:
1965:
1924:
1916:
1875:
1834:
1793:
1785:
1741:
1697:
1689:
1640:
1586:
1578:
1529:
1521:
415:
346:
290:
245:
2242:"Metallo-beta-lactamase fold within nucleic acids processing enzymes: the beta-CASP family"
1730:"Processing of 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA double strand breaks by Artemis nuclease"
2205:
Li L, Moshous D, Zhou Y, Wang J, Xie G, Salido E, Hu D, de
Villartay JP, Cowan MJ (2002).
1615:"Protein Knowledgebase: Gene DCLRE1C - DNA cross-link repair 1C protein (Protein artemis)"
1379:
1334:
1295:
390:
2439:
Poinsignon C, Moshous D, Callebaut I, de
Chasseval R, Villey I, de Villartay JP (2004).
2130:
2465:
2440:
1978:
1953:
1929:
1904:
1798:
1702:
1677:
1591:
1566:
2551:
2526:
2508:
2483:
2423:
2354:
2329:
2266:
2241:
2180:
2163:
2033:
2016:
1525:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
693:
688:
683:
678:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
2635:
2620:
2542:
609:
2401:
2154:
1551:
150:
2197:
2050:
1862:
Goodarzi AA, Noon AT, Deckbar D, Ziv Y, Shiloh Y, Löbrich M, Jeggo PA (July 2008).
1307:
408:
187:
2484:"Functional and biochemical dissection of the structure-specific nuclease ARTEMIS"
1770:
2223:
2206:
1880:
1863:
1839:
1822:
174:
1644:
1639:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 650. pp. 46–58.
1495:
National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1477:
National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1383:
2301:
491:
2385:
1375:
1359:
1303:
307:
204:
154:
2499:
2002:"Entrez Gene: DCLRE1C DNA cross-link repair 1C (PSO2 homolog, S. cerevisiae)"
1374:
that arise by induced oxidative reactions, or by endogenous reactions. Such
2525:
Zhang X, Succi J, Feng Z, Prithivirajsingh S, Story MD, Legerski RJ (2004).
2138:
2117:
Wood RD, Mitchell M, Sgouros J, Lindahl T (2001). "Human DNA repair genes".
1347:
809:
551:
429:
374:
361:
273:
260:
162:
2595:
2560:
2517:
2474:
2431:
2393:
2363:
2320:
2275:
2232:
2189:
2146:
2081:
2042:
1987:
1938:
1920:
1889:
1848:
1807:
1755:
1746:
1729:
1711:
1662:
1543:
2586:
2569:
2109:
2068:
Dudásová Z, Chovanec M (2003). "Artemis, a novel guardian of the genome".
1789:
1600:
1565:
Li L, Drayna D, Hu D, Hayward A, Gahagan S, Pabst H, Cowan MJ (Mar 1998).
1239:
1234:
2456:
2257:
1969:
1693:
1614:
1411:
1330:
1311:
1223:
954:
935:
2625:
2615:
2482:
Pannicke U, Ma Y, Hopfner KP, Niewolik D, Lieber MR, Schwarz K (2004).
1534:
1255:
921:
876:
17:
95:
91:
87:
2570:"Phosphorylation of Artemis following irradiation-induced DNA damage"
2345:
2311:
1327:
1207:
831:
1582:
129:, A-SCID, DCLREC1C, RS-SCID, SCIDA, SNM1C, DNA cross-link repair 1C
41:
1728:
Povirk LF, Zhou T, Zhou R, Cowan MJ, Yannone SM (February 2007).
1310:
activity on 5' and 3' overhangs and hairpins when complexed with
794:
790:
1952:
Woodbine L, Brunton H, Goodarzi AA, Shibata A, Jeggo PA (2011).
1283:
589:
142:
2284:
2610:
Overview of all the structural information available in the
2240:
Callebaut I, Moshous D, Mornon JP, de Villartay JP (2002).
760:
double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining
398:
730:
protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere
2015:
Ma Y, Pannicke U, Schwarz K, Lieber MR (March 2002).
563:
1144:
1083:
1033:
972:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1430:
1428:
1426:
638:single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity
1771:"Chromosome breakage after G2 checkpoint release"
345:
244:
2162:Ma Y, Pannicke U, Schwarz K, Lieber MR (2002).
1723:
1721:
27:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
1506:
1504:
1456:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026648
1394:Mutations in this gene cause Athabascan-type
8:
1339:RAG (recombination activating gene) nuclease
1435:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000152457
770:nucleic acid phosphodiester bond hydrolysis
1141:
1080:
1030:
969:
805:
605:
386:
285:
182:
76:
2585:
2550:
2507:
2464:
2353:
2310:
2300:
2265:
2222:
2179:
2032:
1977:
1928:
1879:
1838:
1797:
1745:
1701:
1590:
1533:
1344:severe combined immune deficiency (SCID)
745:cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
1422:
1370:Artemis functions in the repair of DNA
31:
350:
311:
306:
249:
208:
203:
7:
1676:Lu H, Schwarz K, Lieber MR (2007).
1322:Artemis plays an essential role in
628:5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity
945:
926:
900:
881:
855:
836:
568:
486:
424:
403:
25:
1258:that in humans is encoded by the
679:nonhomologous end joining complex
2543:10.1128/MCB.24.20.9207-9220.2004
1637:V(D)J recombination deficiencies
1396:severe combined immunodeficiency
579:
572:
334:
327:
321:
298:
233:
226:
220:
195:
40:
1367:interpretation into question.
710:response to ionizing radiation
590:More reference expression data
552:More reference expression data
1:
2424:10.1016/S1521-6616(03)00095-0
2181:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00671-2
2034:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00671-2
1526:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00309-9
1364:ataxia telangiectasia mutated
725:interstrand cross-link repair
319:
218:
2642:Genes on human chromosome 10
2224:10.4049/jimmunol.168.12.6323
1881:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.05.017
1840:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.10.029
1645:10.1007/978-1-4419-0296-2_4
2658:
2302:10.1182/blood-2002-01-0187
1406:DCLRE1C has been shown to
775:double-strand break repair
623:5'-3' exonuclease activity
468:superior surface of tongue
2624:(Protein artemis) at the
2386:10.1007/s00439-002-0897-x
1491:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1473:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1238:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1206:
1187:
1168:
1107:
1076:
1057:
996:
965:
952:
948:
933:
929:
920:
907:
903:
888:
884:
875:
862:
858:
843:
839:
830:
815:
808:
804:
788:
608:
604:
587:
571:
562:
549:
498:
489:
448:epithelium of nasopharynx
436:
427:
397:
389:
385:
368:
355:
318:
297:
288:
284:
267:
254:
217:
194:
185:
181:
136:
133:
123:
116:
111:
84:
79:
62:
57:
52:
48:
39:
34:
2500:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600206
1635:de Villartay JP (2009).
720:adaptive immune response
444:tendon of biceps brachii
2139:10.1126/science.1056154
1326:, the process by which
1193:Chr 10: 14.9 – 14.95 Mb
740:chromosome organization
1921:10.1038/emboj.2009.276
1747:10.1074/jbc.M607745200
755:B cell differentiation
2587:10.1002/eji.200425455
2104:(6547 Suppl): 3–174.
1790:10.1083/jcb.200612047
1390:Clinical significance
1200:Chr 2: 3.43 – 3.47 Mb
735:immune system process
653:endonuclease activity
211:Chromosome 10 (human)
2457:10.1084/jem.20031142
1372:double-strand breaks
1360:double-strand breaks
1354:Repair of DNA breaks
1298:that is involved in
765:telomere maintenance
658:exonuclease activity
313:Chromosome 2 (mouse)
80:List of PDB id codes
53:Available structures
2131:2001Sci...291.1284W
1324:V(D)J recombination
1300:V(D)J recombination
750:V(D)J recombination
633:damaged DNA binding
175:DCLRE1C - orthologs
2258:10.1093/nar/gkf470
1970:10.1093/nar/gkr331
1694:10.1093/nar/gkm823
1306:. The protein has
910:ENSMUSG00000026648
703:Biological process
672:Cellular component
663:hydrolase activity
616:Molecular function
440:buccal mucosa cell
2246:Nucleic Acids Res
1958:Nucleic Acids Res
1682:Nucleic Acids Res
1654:978-1-4419-0295-5
1571:Am. J. Hum. Genet
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1218:
1217:
1183:
1182:
1138:
1137:
1072:
1071:
1027:
1026:
961:
960:
942:
941:
916:
915:
897:
896:
871:
870:
852:
851:
800:
799:
715:DNA recombination
648:nuclease activity
600:
599:
596:
595:
558:
557:
545:
544:
483:
482:
381:
380:
280:
279:
107:
106:
103:
102:
63:Ortholog search:
16:(Redirected from
2649:
2599:
2589:
2564:
2554:
2521:
2511:
2478:
2468:
2435:
2405:
2367:
2357:
2346:10.1172/JCI16774
2324:
2314:
2304:
2279:
2269:
2252:(16): 3592–601.
2236:
2226:
2201:
2183:
2158:
2125:(5507): 1284–9.
2113:
2095:
2085:
2055:
2054:
2036:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1981:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1932:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1801:
1775:
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1760:
1759:
1749:
1725:
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1705:
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1623:
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1604:
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1562:
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1555:
1537:
1508:
1499:
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1481:
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1463:
1453:
1442:
1432:
1231:
1230:
1202:
1195:
1178:
1142:
1133:
1081:
1077:RefSeq (protein)
1067:
1031:
1022:
970:
946:
927:
901:
882:
856:
837:
806:
606:
592:
583:
576:
569:
554:
514:genital tubercle
494:
492:Top expressed in
487:
472:endothelial cell
432:
430:Top expressed in
425:
404:
387:
377:
364:
353:
338:
331:
325:
314:
302:
286:
276:
263:
252:
237:
230:
224:
213:
199:
183:
177:
128:
121:
98:
77:
71:
50:
49:
44:
32:
21:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2632:
2631:
2607:
2602:
2580:(11): 3146–55.
2574:Eur. J. Immunol
2567:
2537:(20): 9207–20.
2531:Mol. Cell. Biol
2524:
2481:
2438:
2408:
2370:
2334:J. Clin. Invest
2327:
2282:
2239:
2204:
2161:
2116:
2093:
2088:
2067:
2063:
2061:Further reading
2058:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1964:(16): 6986–97.
1951:
1950:
1946:
1915:(21): 3413–27.
1902:
1901:
1897:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1688:(20): 6917–23.
1675:
1674:
1670:
1655:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1564:
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1559:
1510:
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1502:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1454:
1445:
1433:
1424:
1420:
1404:
1392:
1380:heterochromatin
1356:
1335:T cell receptor
1320:
1318:Immune response
1296:nuclear protein
1292:
1240:View/Edit Mouse
1235:View/Edit Human
1198:
1191:
1188:Location (UCSC)
1174:
1170:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
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1063:
1059:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
891:ENSG00000152457
784:
698:
694:Golgi apparatus
667:
643:protein binding
588:
578:
577:
550:
541:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
490:
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458:
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450:
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442:
428:
372:
359:
351:
341:
340:
339:
332:
312:
289:Gene location (
271:
258:
250:
240:
239:
238:
231:
209:
186:Gene location (
137:
124:
117:
86:
64:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2655:
2653:
2645:
2644:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2606:
2605:External links
2603:
2601:
2600:
2565:
2522:
2494:(9): 1987–97.
2479:
2436:
2406:
2368:
2325:
2295:(4): 1446–52.
2280:
2237:
2217:(12): 6323–9.
2202:
2159:
2114:
2086:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2007:
1993:
1944:
1895:
1854:
1813:
1761:
1740:(6): 3547–58.
1717:
1668:
1653:
1627:
1606:
1583:10.1086/301688
1557:
1500:
1482:
1464:
1443:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1403:
1400:
1391:
1388:
1382:as well as in
1355:
1352:
1319:
1316:
1291:
1288:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1166:
1165:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1105:
1104:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1055:
1054:
1028:
1025:
1024:
994:
993:
967:
963:
962:
959:
958:
950:
949:
943:
940:
939:
931:
930:
924:
918:
917:
914:
913:
905:
904:
898:
895:
894:
886:
885:
879:
873:
872:
869:
868:
860:
859:
853:
850:
849:
841:
840:
834:
828:
827:
822:
817:
813:
812:
802:
801:
798:
797:
786:
785:
783:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
706:
704:
700:
699:
697:
696:
691:
686:
681:
675:
673:
669:
668:
666:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
619:
617:
613:
612:
602:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
585:
584:
566:
560:
559:
556:
555:
547:
546:
543:
542:
540:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
506:tail of embryo
503:
499:
496:
495:
484:
481:
480:
478:
477:
476:amniotic fluid
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
434:
433:
421:
420:
412:
401:
395:
394:
391:RNA expression
383:
382:
379:
378:
370:
366:
365:
357:
354:
349:
343:
342:
333:
326:
320:
316:
315:
310:
304:
303:
295:
294:
282:
281:
278:
277:
269:
265:
264:
256:
253:
248:
242:
241:
232:
225:
219:
215:
214:
207:
201:
200:
192:
191:
179:
178:
135:
131:
130:
122:
114:
113:
109:
108:
105:
104:
101:
100:
82:
81:
73:
72:
61:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2654:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2451:(3): 315–21.
2450:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2418:(2): 159–66.
2417:
2413:
2412:Clin. Immunol
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2380:(4): 348–52.
2379:
2375:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2174:(6): 781–94.
2173:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2027:(6): 781–94.
2026:
2022:
2018:
2011:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1874:(2): 167–77.
1873:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1833:(5): 715–24.
1832:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1784:(6): 749–55.
1783:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1734:J. Biol. Chem
1731:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1631:
1628:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1577:(1): 136–44.
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1520:(2): 177–86.
1519:
1515:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1294:Artemis is a
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
968:
966:RefSeq (mRNA)
964:
957:
956:
951:
947:
944:
938:
937:
932:
928:
925:
923:
919:
912:
911:
906:
902:
899:
893:
892:
887:
883:
880:
878:
874:
867:
866:
861:
857:
854:
848:
847:
842:
838:
835:
833:
829:
826:
823:
821:
818:
814:
811:
807:
803:
796:
792:
787:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
705:
702:
701:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
676:
674:
671:
670:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
620:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:Gene ontology
607:
603:
591:
586:
582:
575:
570:
567:
565:
561:
553:
548:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
500:
497:
493:
488:
485:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:
435:
431:
426:
423:
422:
419:
417:
413:
411:
410:
406:
405:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
376:
371:
367:
363:
358:
348:
344:
337:
330:
324:
317:
309:
305:
301:
296:
292:
287:
283:
275:
270:
266:
262:
257:
247:
243:
236:
229:
223:
216:
212:
206:
202:
198:
193:
189:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
132:
127:
120:
115:
110:
99:
97:
93:
89:
83:
78:
75:
74:
70:
67:
60:
56:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2619:
2577:
2573:
2534:
2530:
2491:
2487:
2448:
2444:
2415:
2411:
2377:
2373:
2340:(3): 381–7.
2337:
2333:
2292:
2288:
2249:
2245:
2214:
2210:
2171:
2167:
2122:
2118:
2101:
2097:
2076:(5): 311–8.
2073:
2069:
2024:
2020:
2010:
1996:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1781:
1778:J. Cell Biol
1777:
1764:
1737:
1733:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1636:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1609:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1517:
1513:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1405:
1402:Interactions
1393:
1369:
1357:
1321:
1308:endonuclease
1293:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1250:
1176:NP_001349833
1172:NP_001349832
1169:
1154:NP_001289613
1150:NP_001289603
1146:NP_001103684
1131:NP_001337896
1127:NP_001337895
1123:NP_001337894
1115:NP_001276008
1111:NP_001276007
1108:
1101:NP_001276006
1097:NP_001276005
1093:NP_001029030
1089:NP_001029029
1085:NP_001029027
1065:NM_001362904
1061:NM_001362903
1058:
1051:NM_001302684
1047:NM_001302674
1035:NM_001110214
1020:NM_001350967
1016:NM_001350966
1012:NM_001350965
1004:NM_001289079
1000:NM_001289078
997:
990:NM_001289077
986:NM_001289076
982:NM_001033858
978:NM_001033857
974:NM_001033855
953:
934:
908:
889:
863:
844:
824:
819:
526:spermatocyte
414:
407:
134:External IDs
85:
29:
2445:J. Exp. Med
1535:11655/13789
1384:euchromatin
689:nucleoplasm
502:granulocyte
352:2|2 A1
272:14,954,432
259:14,897,359
112:Identifiers
2374:Hum. Genet
2211:J. Immunol
1462:, May 2017
1441:, May 2017
1418:References
1378:occurs in
1376:DNA repair
1333:genes and
1304:DNA repair
780:DNA repair
534:blastocyst
418:(ortholog)
373:3,465,167
360:3,425,168
155:HomoloGene
2312:1765/8235
2070:Neoplasma
1868:Mol. Cell
1827:Mol. Cell
1398:(SCIDA).
1348:radiation
1162:NP_783614
1158:NP_666226
1119:NP_071932
1043:NM_175683
1039:NM_146114
1008:NM_022487
810:Orthologs
163:GeneCards
2636:Category
2596:15468306
2561:15456891
2518:15071507
2475:14744996
2432:12921762
2402:11582061
2394:12592555
2364:12569164
2321:12406895
2276:12177301
2233:12055248
2190:11955432
2155:17375001
2147:11181991
2082:14628082
2043:11955432
1988:21596788
1939:19779458
1890:18657500
1849:15574327
1808:17353355
1756:17121861
1712:17932067
1663:19731800
1552:12610896
1544:11336668
1458:–
1437:–
1412:DNA-PKcs
1408:interact
1331:antibody
1290:Function
1224:Wikidata
789:Sources:
530:yolk sac
2626:PDBe-KB
2616:UniProt
2466:2211804
2198:7575525
2127:Bibcode
2119:Science
2110:7566098
2051:7575525
1979:3167608
1930:2752027
1799:2064048
1703:2175297
1620:June 2,
1601:9443881
1592:1376812
1460:Ensembl
1439:Ensembl
1260:DCLRE1C
1256:protein
1252:Artemis
922:UniProt
877:Ensembl
816:Species
795:QuickGO
684:nucleus
460:pylorus
393:pattern
167:DCLRE1C
151:2441769
126:DCLRE1C
119:Aliases
35:DCLRE1C
18:DCLRE1C
2621:Q96SD1
2594:
2559:
2552:517881
2549:
2516:
2509:404326
2506:
2488:EMBO J
2473:
2463:
2430:
2400:
2392:
2362:
2355:151863
2352:
2319:
2274:
2267:134238
2264:
2231:
2196:
2188:
2153:
2145:
2108:
2098:Nature
2080:
2049:
2041:
1986:
1976:
1937:
1927:
1909:EMBO J
1888:
1847:
1806:
1796:
1754:
1710:
1700:
1661:
1651:
1599:
1589:
1550:
1542:
1328:B cell
1210:search
1208:PubMed
955:Q8K4J0
936:Q96SD1
865:227525
832:Entrez
564:BioGPS
538:embryo
522:thymus
518:morula
510:zygote
464:cardia
456:nipple
143:605988
2398:S2CID
2289:Blood
2194:S2CID
2151:S2CID
2094:(PDF)
2047:S2CID
1774:(PDF)
1548:S2CID
1410:with
1312:PRKDC
1278:pair
1270:ross-
1254:is a
846:64421
825:Mouse
820:Human
791:Amigo
452:sperm
416:Mouse
409:Human
356:Start
291:Mouse
255:Start
251:10p13
188:Human
159:32547
2614:for
2592:PMID
2557:PMID
2514:PMID
2471:PMID
2428:PMID
2390:PMID
2360:PMID
2317:PMID
2272:PMID
2229:PMID
2186:PMID
2168:Cell
2143:PMID
2106:PMID
2078:PMID
2039:PMID
2021:Cell
1984:PMID
1935:PMID
1886:PMID
1845:PMID
1804:PMID
1752:PMID
1708:PMID
1659:PMID
1649:ISBN
1622:2011
1597:PMID
1540:PMID
1514:Cell
1302:and
1284:gene
1274:ink
399:Bgee
347:Band
308:Chr.
246:Band
205:Chr.
139:OMIM
96:4HTP
92:3W1G
88:3W1B
69:RCSB
66:PDBe
2612:PDB
2582:doi
2547:PMC
2539:doi
2504:PMC
2496:doi
2461:PMC
2453:doi
2449:199
2420:doi
2416:108
2382:doi
2378:112
2350:PMC
2342:doi
2338:111
2307:hdl
2297:doi
2293:101
2262:PMC
2254:doi
2219:doi
2215:168
2176:doi
2172:108
2135:doi
2123:291
2102:377
2029:doi
2025:108
1974:PMC
1966:doi
1925:PMC
1917:doi
1876:doi
1835:doi
1794:PMC
1786:doi
1782:176
1742:doi
1738:282
1698:PMC
1690:doi
1641:doi
1587:PMC
1579:doi
1530:hdl
1522:doi
1518:105
1266:NA
369:End
268:End
171:OMA
147:MGI
59:PDB
2638::
2618::
2590:.
2578:34
2576:.
2572:.
2555:.
2545:.
2535:24
2533:.
2529:.
2512:.
2502:.
2492:23
2490:.
2486:.
2469:.
2459:.
2447:.
2443:.
2426:.
2414:.
2396:.
2388:.
2376:.
2358:.
2348:.
2336:.
2332:.
2315:.
2305:.
2291:.
2287:.
2270:.
2260:.
2250:30
2248:.
2244:.
2227:.
2213:.
2209:.
2192:.
2184:.
2170:.
2166:.
2149:.
2141:.
2133:.
2121:.
2100:.
2096:.
2074:50
2072:.
2045:.
2037:.
2023:.
2019:.
1982:.
1972:.
1962:39
1960:.
1956:.
1933:.
1923:.
1913:28
1911:.
1907:.
1884:.
1872:31
1870:.
1866:.
1843:.
1831:16
1829:.
1825:.
1802:.
1792:.
1780:.
1776:.
1750:.
1736:.
1732:.
1720:^
1706:.
1696:.
1686:35
1684:.
1680:.
1657:.
1647:.
1595:.
1585:.
1575:62
1573:.
1569:.
1546:.
1538:.
1528:.
1516:.
1503:^
1493:.
1475:.
1446:^
1425:^
1414:.
1386:.
1350:.
1314:.
1286:.
1282:)
1280:1C
1276:re
793:/
375:bp
362:bp
274:bp
261:bp
169:;
165::
161:;
157::
153:;
149::
145:;
141::
94:,
90:,
2628:.
2598:.
2584::
2563:.
2541::
2520:.
2498::
2477:.
2455::
2434:.
2422::
2404:.
2384::
2366:.
2344::
2323:.
2309::
2299::
2278:.
2256::
2235:.
2221::
2200:.
2178::
2157:.
2137::
2129::
2112:.
2084:.
2053:.
2031::
2004:.
1990:.
1968::
1941:.
1919::
1892:.
1878::
1851:.
1837::
1810:.
1788::
1758:.
1744::
1714:.
1692::
1665:.
1643::
1624:.
1603:.
1581::
1554:.
1532::
1524::
1497:.
1479:.
1272:l
1268:c
1264:D
1262:(
293:)
190:)
173::
20:)
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