1116:
manufacturers of multitasking environments, EMS emulators, and DOS extenders to ensure that an extended VCPI specification could fully utilize the 80386's virtualization and protection features. In
February 1990, the parties involved in the above activities agreed to form the DPMI Committee and formulate an industry-wide standard for protected-mode DOS applications. The Committee released the first public DPMI Specification, Version 0.9 in May 1990.
2102:
253:. The version number 0.9 of the resulting specification was chosen to reflect the stripped-down nature and incomplete status of the standard the members of the DPMI Committee could agree upon. While Windows reports DPMI version 0.9 for compatibility, it actually implements the other parts as well, since they present a vital part of the system. This undocumented full nature of DPMI has become known as "
2113:
805:. Consequently, DPMI, Version 0.9, the first public version, released by the DPMI Committee in May 1990, defines only the low-level or building-block functions Naturally, the higher level or DOS extender interface of Windows 3.0 still exists, but it has receded into the twilight zone of undocumented functionality. Undocumented, but hardly unusable
285:) to make the memory management and multitasking capabilities of the 386 available for extended DOS applications. When it turned out that Microsoft's DPMI proposal addressed a number of similar issues and was supported by Windows, these efforts led to the creation of the DPMI Committee in February 1990 during a meeting at Intel in Santa Clara.
988:
was, in beta, able to run KRNL386 from the command line, but I believe they disabled that feature in their final product to avoid stepping on our feet. 386MAX does, of course, support C7.) Ralph, was the spec distributed to the members of the DPMI committee? We should absolutely NOT document this.
328:
core system supports 32-bit programs, and can be run without the GUI. The DPMI solution appears to be mainly needed to address third party need to get DOS protected mode programs running stably on
Windows 3.x before the dominant operating system vendor, Microsoft, could or would address the future of
979:
manual that you can run C7 dos-extended if your limulator supports the MS-DOS extensions to the DPMI specification. So they called us to get a spec on exactly what those extensions are. Apparently they are not documented. They are not that complicated, mostly just what MS-DOS and BIOS calls we map
288:
In 1991, the DPMI Committee revised DPMI to version 1.0 in order to incorporate a number of clarifications and extensions, but it still did not include the missing "true DPMI" bits implemented in
Windows. In fact, "true DPMI" never became part of the official DPMI specification, and Windows likewise
796:
market would fragment into two mutually exclusive directions
Microsoft turned control of the DPMI specification over to an industry committee with open membership, and the backers of the XVCPI effort decided to join forces behind the DPMI. Microsoft agreed to delete the portions of the DPMI that
1115:
The initial DPMI prototype was developed by
Microsoft for Windows version 3.0, with input from Lotus Corporation and Rational Systems, as part of a general effort to enhance Windows' performance by allowing the Windows kernel to run in extended memory. In parallel, Intel was working with
215:
to provide the host-OS-agnostic environment. DOS extender checks the presence of a DPMI kernel, and installs its own only if the one was not installed already. This allows DOS-extended programs to run either in a multitasking OS that provides its own DPMI kernel, or directly under
248:
that had been proposed by Ralph Lipe in the original drafts. Most of it was implementing DOS and BIOS interfaces (due to this history some INT 21h APIs like 4Ch have to be implemented by all DPMI implementations). DPMI version 0.9 was published in 1990 by the newly formed
351:
implemented "true DPMI" and could run
Windows' KRNL386.EXE from the command line, but it was claimed that was disabled in the released product in an internal email. However, DPMIONE (by Bob Smith based on the 386MAX code) can do it. Currently
319:
The DPMI "method" is specific to DOS and the IBM PC. Other computer types were upgraded from 16-bit to 32-bit, and the advanced program support was provided by upgrading the operating system with a new 32-bit
164:
services, allowing the DPMI API itself to remain mostly independent of DOS. Things that make DPMI API DOS-specific, are just 3 functions for managing DOS memory, and the letter "D" in the "DPMI" acronym.
292:
While DPMI is tailored to run extended DOS application software in protected mode and extended memory, it is not particularly well suited for resident system extensions. Another specification named
304:
around 1992, specifically addresses requirements to easily relocate modified DOS driver software into extended memory and run them in protected mode, thereby reducing their conventional
329:
32-bit
Windows. In addition, Microsoft didn't see the answer to the 32-bit transition as a 32-bit DOS, but rather a 32-bit Windows with a completely different (and incompatible) API.
1574:
1148:
2153:
1058:
Wurthmann, Gerold; Wopperer, Bernhard; Wiesböck, Johann (1991). "Die DPMI-Spezifikation – Eine Einführung" [An introduction to the DPMI specification].
1067:
148:
OSes, allowing an OS kernel to distribute such resources between multiple applications. DPMI provides only the functionality that needs to be implemented in
1267:
1352:
924:
1375:
1265:
1030:
2117:
1477:
1005:
1240:
Undocumented DOS: A programmer's guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures - expanded to include MS-DOS 6, Novell DOS and
Windows 3.1
830:
1359:
1211:
947:
project. In the root MSDOS.DOC (look at all the .DOC files in the root) NO! This is an extremely sensitive matter since it basically tells
1567:
1317:
DOS Protected Mode
Interface (DPMI) Specification – Version 1.0 – Application Program Interface (API) for Protected Mode DOS Applications
1089:
DOS Protected Mode
Interface (DPMI) Specification – Version 1.0 – Application Program Interface (API) for Protected Mode DOS Applications
1614:
1394:
240:
in 386 enhanced mode, several features of this implementation were removed from the official specification, including a feature named
360:
is also the only DPMI host which supports DPMI 1.0 completely (e.g. uncommitted memory) and they are the main supporter of DPMI 1.0.
112:, although Microsoft later turned control of the specification over to an industry committee with open membership. Almost all modern
1609:
1257:
871:
838:
771:
656:
258:
72:
1315:
1087:
1060:
Vorträge und Begleittexte zum 2. Entwicklerforum der Design & Elektronik zum Thema: PC-Architektur, 17. September 1991, München
1295:
507:
395:
to provide support for either DPMI 1.0 or 0.9. DOS API translation was referred to as "called interrupt 21 from protected mode".
1508:
1181:
2106:
1727:
1560:
341:, so most programs and DOS extenders were mostly only written for version 0.9. Few extenders, however, implement "true DPMI".
2143:
140:
without having to set up these CPU modes manually. DPMI also provides the functions for managing various resources, notably
1134:
116:
are based on DPMI and allow DOS programs to address all memory available in the PC and to run in protected mode (mostly in
545:
266:
1937:
2022:
1972:
1064:
Presentations and supplemental material for the second developer forum on PC architecture on 17 September 1991, Munich
948:
662:
535:
293:
1425:
337:
While Windows 3.0 implements "true DPMI" and reports support for DPMI 0.9, DPMI version 1.0 was never implemented in
224:
kernels are built with a DOS extender, so they fully rely on a DPMI API that is provided by Windows's ring-0 kernel.
1456:
1426:"DOS Protected Mode Interface (DPMI) Specification – Protected Mode API For DOS Extended Applications – Version 0.9"
1365:
2052:
609:
262:
1297:
DOS Protected Mode Interface (DPMI) Specification – Protected Mode API For DOS Extended Applications – Version 0.9
1642:
1538:
751:
489:
913:
679:
117:
414:; it supports DPMI 0.9, but no undocumented "DOS API translation". Another variant called PMODE by "TRAN" aka
368:
1483:
774:
were well aware of its limitations and were already hard at work on a second generation specification called
485:
2138:
1967:
1942:
1429:
1144:
1521:
699:
364:
2148:
1752:
400:
1583:
1494:
673:
581:
555:
453:
145:
1370:
1031:"DOS PROTECTED MODE INTERFACE (DPMI) – SPECIFICATION Protected Mode API For DOS Extended Applications"
261:. At the same time that Microsoft developed DPMI for Windows 3.0, another industry alliance including
1619:
976:
859:
587:
493:
1912:
1357:
1203:
481:
274:
1977:
415:
1892:
1887:
1732:
1624:
1390:
938:
257:" in the industry. The DPMI standard was not the only effort to overcome the shortcomings of the
156:. The rest of the functionality is available to DPMI-enabled programs via the calls to real-mode
1249:
233:
2032:
1253:
981:
867:
834:
755:
737:
631:
603:
569:
563:
517:
431:
345:
338:
968:
635:
577:
573:
353:
627:
599:
539:
501:
497:
423:
305:
297:
270:
923:. pp. 123–124. MSC 00779372/00779373, MX3232616/3232617, Cole Exhibit 10, 2001-06-21.
595:
1782:
964:
863:
818:
467:
438:
380:
309:
149:
141:
1328:
1100:
1737:
1305:
1245:
1238:
802:
668:
313:
133:
100:, giving access to many features of the new PC processors of the time not available in
97:
1348:
2132:
2027:
1882:
1777:
1512:
1233:
1169:
1139:
776:
396:
278:
1902:
1857:
1407:
822:
793:
591:
461:
376:
212:
185:
113:
797:
crossed into DOS extender territory - specifically, direct support of the DOS and
449:
The DPMI 1.0 Committee met between 1990 through 1991 and consisted of 12 groups:
2047:
1712:
1072:(NB. The forum was organized by the German magazine Design & Elektronik and
944:
789:
742:
549:
529:
525:
521:
237:
153:
109:
1552:
220:
DOS, in which case DOS extender uses its own DPMI kernel. Windows 3.x and 9x's
1797:
1787:
1684:
1674:
1654:
1452:
621:
441:) provides "DOS API translation" and almost complete DPMI 1.0 implementation.
419:
372:
217:
759:
2042:
1997:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1852:
1490:
1473:
1177:
1026:
1001:
972:
920:
887:
785:
221:
137:
105:
101:
81:
1433:
821:; Schulman, Andrew; Baker, M. Steven; Nelson, Ross P.; Davis, Stephen R.;
232:
The first DPMI specification drafts were published in 1989 by Microsoft's
2072:
2037:
1837:
1822:
1817:
1762:
1757:
1647:
1448:
798:
738:"Power Programming – An Introduction to the DOS Protected Mode Interface"
617:
289:
never implemented the DPMI 1.0 extensions (and not many DPMI hosts did).
2087:
2057:
2012:
1987:
1922:
1917:
1907:
1812:
1802:
1792:
1772:
1742:
1717:
1694:
1689:
1679:
1604:
960:
643:
457:
411:
404:
201:
197:
193:
168:
A DPMI service can be 16-bit, 32-bit, or "universal" and is called the
1534:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1033:(Annotated incompletely reconstructed ed.) (published 1999-04-08)
2067:
2062:
1962:
1952:
1947:
1927:
1877:
1842:
1767:
1722:
1664:
1637:
985:
952:
639:
559:
511:
471:
427:
384:
357:
348:
301:
892:
DOS Protected Mode Interface Specification, Revision Prerelease 0.04
387:
7.02 and higher have built-in support for DPMI when loaded with the
324:
and new memory management/addressing capabilities. For example, the
2082:
2017:
2007:
1992:
1957:
1847:
1807:
1669:
1659:
1411:
1324:
1301:
1286:
1096:
1073:
781:
282:
205:
1283:
An Introduction To The DOS Protected Mode Interface – White Paper
2077:
2002:
1982:
1932:
1897:
1747:
1525:
613:
475:
325:
161:
1556:
1495:"MS-DOS API extensions for DPMI hosts version pre-release 0.04"
1478:"MS-DOS API extensions for DPMI hosts version pre-release 0.02"
1008:(Annotated retyped preliminary ed.) (published 1999-04-08)
1006:"MS-DOS API EXTENSIONS FOR DPMI HOSTS Version Pre-Release 0.02"
1705:
956:
792:
and its DPMI. For a few months it appeared that the fledgling
422:
of the 1990s. Many games used DOS/4GW, which was developed by
321:
192:). The DPMI kernel can be a part of a DOS extender such as in
157:
129:
93:
1099:. pp. 4–5. Intel order code 240977-001. Archived from
136:
on 80286 series and later processors, and do the calls to
827:
Extending DOS: A Programmer's Guide to Protected-Mode DOS
1236:; Maxey, David; Michels, Raymond J.; Kyle, Jim (1994) .
1066:] (book) (in German) (1 ed.). Munich, Germany:
371:, which has been under development since 1991, and the
128:
DPMI stands for DOS Protected Mode Interface. It is an
92:) is a specification introduced in 1989 which allows a
180:. It is provided either by the host operating system (
1137:[The end of DOS is only a question of time].
788:
barged onto the scene with the beta-test versions of
1170:"FILE: Windows Int 21h and NetBIOS Support for DPMI"
907:
905:
903:
901:
236:. While based on a prototypical version of DPMI for
1830:
1703:
1591:
1135:"Das Ende von DOS ist nur noch eine Frage der Zeit"
391:option. KRNL386.SYS even had a command line option
144:. This allows the DPMI-enabled programs to work in
68:
60:
42:
34:
26:
1237:
984:had no trouble reverse engineering them. (The new
1128:
1126:
1124:
410:The most famous separate DPMI kernel is probably
1366:"Undocumented DOS From Protected-Mode Windows 3"
912:Cole, Dave (1992-05-04). Neiminen, Bruce (ed.).
418:was popular with 32-bit programmers during the
1568:
1327:. Intel order code 240977-001. Archived from
1068:Markt & Technik Verlag Aktiengesellschaft
858:(1 ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
8:
21:
1244:(2 ed.). Reading, Massachusetts, USA:
277:and others developed a specification named
152:. It can be thought of as a single-tasking
2112:
1597:
1575:
1561:
1553:
1264:(xviii+856+vi pages, 3.5"-floppy) Errata:
20:
1535:"DPMIONE Documentation File Version 0.91"
1449:"DPMI 1.0 Programming API Specification"
1393:(in English and Japanese). 2016-07-24 .
211:The primary use of DPMI API is to allow
831:Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
715:
691:
2154:Computer-related introductions in 1989
1004:(1990-10-31). Sokolov, Michael (ed.).
1204:"lA correction to a previous posting"
7:
1289:. 1993. Intel order code 240787-003.
856:Pentium Processor Optimization Tools
363:The KRNL386.SYS (aka "MultiMAX") of
250:
1133:Schneider, Stefanie (1994-06-17).
702:has copyright strings "1991,1992".
73:Application programming interfaces
14:
1314:The DPMI Committee (1991-03-12).
1086:The DPMI Committee (1991-03-12).
657:Virtual Control Program Interface
2111:
2101:
2100:
1355:from the original on 2016-05-22.
1180:. 2004-08-04 . KB65128. Q65128.
1029:(1989). Sokolov, Michael (ed.).
508:Intelligent Graphics Corporation
132:that allows a program to run in
104:. It was initially developed by
1541:from the original on 2016-05-21
1459:from the original on 2016-05-21
1397:from the original on 2018-09-17
1378:from the original on 2018-09-20
1347:Sokolov, Michael (1998-04-26).
1214:from the original on 2020-02-20
1202:Sokolov, Michael (1998-05-06).
1184:from the original on 2020-02-20
1151:from the original on 2022-01-02
930:from the original on 2018-09-18
1143:(in German). Munich, Germany:
943:I think, they're checked into
1:
546:Lotus Development Corporation
430:and was distributed with the
1304:. 1990-07-26. Archived from
963:. You need to clear it with
941:- Plaintiff's exhibit 1306.
914:"Re: MS-DOS DPMI extensions"
312:. This is also supported by
263:Intel's Software Focus Group
86:DOS Protected Mode Interface
22:DOS Protected Mode Interface
1643:Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0/4.1
1451:(HTML converted ed.).
1428:(HTML converted ed.).
959:) how to run standard mode
854:Schmit, Michael L. (1995).
663:DOS Protected Mode Services
536:Locus Computing Corporation
48:; 35 years ago
2170:
2053:Technical Support SuperDOS
736:Duncan, Ray (1991-02-12).
610:Quarterdeck Office Systems
490:Eclipse Computer Solutions
2096:
1600:
1364:Chui, Paul (1992-02-01).
980:for the application, and
967:before distributing it.
752:Ziff-Davis Publishing Co.
680:Multiuser DOS Federation
1430:Tenberry Software, Inc.
1145:IDG Business Media GmbH
486:Ergo Computer Solutions
1753:Datapac System Manager
1584:Disk operating systems
1349:"Some history on DPMI"
407:support DPMI as well.
120:3, least privileged).
2144:DOS memory management
1507:Sandmann, Charles W.
1432:1998 . Archived from
894:(Prerelease ed.)
674:NetWare I/O Subsystem
556:Microsoft Corporation
454:Borland International
365:DR DOS "Panther"
1484:Alternate HTTPS link
1406:(MSDPMI on Japanese
860:Academic Press, Inc.
770:The creators of the
588:Phoenix Technologies
200:, or separate, like
1913:DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11
1592:MS-DOS, IBM PC DOS,
975:. They read in the
375:memory managers of
275:Interactive Systems
246:DOS API translation
23:
1893:Concurrent DOS V60
1888:Concurrent DOS 68K
1733:Concurrent CP/M-86
1594:compatible systems
1371:Dr. Dobb's Journal
1232:Schulman, Andrew;
939:Comes v. Microsoft
919:(Court document).
833:pp. 433–436.
829:. 2 (2 ed.).
259:VCPI specification
96:program to run in
2126:
2125:
1633:
1632:
1522:"HX DOS Extender"
1391:"MS-DOS 5.0 DPMI"
632:Tenberry Software
570:Phar Lap Software
564:Microsoft Windows
518:Intel Corporation
432:Watcom C compiler
344:Beta versions of
339:Microsoft Windows
242:MS-DOS Extensions
182:virtual DPMI host
78:
77:
16:DOS specification
2161:
2115:
2114:
2104:
2103:
1598:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1529:
1524:. Archived from
1516:
1511:. Archived from
1501:
1499:
1481:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1356:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1322:
1309:
1290:
1269:
1263:
1243:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1130:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1094:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1055:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
998:
992:
991:
936:
935:
929:
918:
909:
896:
895:
884:
878:
877:
851:
845:
844:
819:Petzold, Charles
814:
808:
807:
767:
766:
733:
703:
700:DR DOS "Panther"
696:
628:Rational Systems
532:microprocessors)
424:Rational Systems
394:
390:
306:memory footprint
298:Digital Research
271:Digital Research
56:
54:
49:
24:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2092:
1831:Other platforms
1826:
1783:NetWare PalmDOS
1699:
1629:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1544:
1542:
1532:
1519:
1506:
1497:
1489:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1455:. April 1996 .
1447:
1439:
1437:
1424:
1421:
1400:
1398:
1389:
1381:
1379:
1363:
1346:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1320:
1313:
1294:
1281:
1278:
1276:Further reading
1273:
1272:
1260:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1217:
1215:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1187:
1185:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1154:
1152:
1132:
1131:
1122:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1092:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1057:
1056:
1045:
1036:
1034:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1011:
1009:
1000:
999:
995:
933:
931:
927:
916:
911:
910:
899:
886:
885:
881:
874:
864:AP Professional
853:
852:
848:
841:
816:
815:
811:
764:
762:
735:
734:
717:
712:
707:
706:
698:KRNL386.SYS of
697:
693:
688:
653:
514:multi-user DOS)
468:IBM Corporation
447:
439:HX DOS Extender
437:HDPMI (part of
426:as a subset of
392:
388:
381:Caldera OpenDOS
335:
296:, developed by
230:
150:supervisor mode
126:
52:
50:
47:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2167:
2165:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2139:DOS technology
2131:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2109:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1738:Concurrent DOS
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1530:
1528:on 2014-10-13.
1517:
1515:on 2015-11-16.
1503:
1502:
1493:(1991-03-11).
1487:
1476:(1990-10-31).
1469:
1468:
1445:
1420:
1419:External links
1417:
1416:
1415:
1387:
1361:
1344:
1311:
1308:on 2012-04-25.
1292:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1258:
1246:Addison Wesley
1234:Brown, Ralf D.
1224:
1194:
1174:Knowledge Base
1161:
1120:
1078:
1070:. p. 223.
1043:
1018:
993:
897:
879:
872:
846:
839:
809:
803:protected mode
801:interrupts in
714:
713:
711:
708:
705:
704:
690:
689:
687:
684:
683:
682:
677:
671:
669:Helix Cloaking
666:
660:
652:
649:
648:
647:
646:DOS extenders)
625:
607:
585:
567:
553:
543:
533:
515:
505:
504:DOS extenders)
494:Ergo Computing
479:
465:
446:
445:DPMI Committee
443:
401:System Manager
334:
331:
314:Helix Cloaking
308:down to small
251:DPMI Committee
229:
226:
190:real DPMI host
134:protected mode
125:
122:
98:protected mode
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
64:DPMI Committee
62:
58:
57:
44:
40:
39:
36:
32:
31:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2166:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2149:DOS extenders
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2119:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:Sinclair QDOS
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1883:Commodore DOS
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1778:Multiuser DOS
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1436:on 2016-05-21
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1334:on 2013-05-31
1330:
1326:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1266:
1261:
1259:0-201-63287-X
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1195:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1140:Computerwoche
1136:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1106:on 2013-05-31
1102:
1098:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1007:
1003:
997:
994:
990:
987:
983:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
940:
926:
922:
915:
908:
906:
904:
902:
898:
893:
890:(Fall 1989),
889:
883:
880:
875:
873:0-12-627230-1
869:
865:
861:
857:
850:
847:
842:
840:0-201-56798-9
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:Moote, Robert
820:
817:Duncan, Ray;
813:
810:
806:
804:
800:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
778:
777:Extended VCPI
773:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
744:
739:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
716:
709:
701:
695:
692:
685:
681:
678:
675:
672:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
654:
650:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
626:
623:
619:
615:
611:
608:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
586:
583:
579:
575:
571:
568:
565:
561:
557:
554:
551:
547:
544:
541:
537:
534:
531:
527:
523:
519:
516:
513:
509:
506:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
482:AI Architects
480:
477:
473:
469:
466:
463:
459:
455:
452:
451:
450:
444:
442:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
408:
406:
402:
398:
397:Multiuser DOS
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
350:
347:
342:
340:
333:Compatibility
332:
330:
327:
323:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
286:
284:
280:
279:Extended VCPI
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
243:
239:
235:
227:
225:
223:
219:
214:
213:DOS extenders
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
146:multi-tasking
143:
139:
135:
131:
123:
121:
119:
115:
114:DOS extenders
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
19:
1903:Cromemco DOS
1858:Apple ProDOS
1543:. Retrieved
1533:Smith, Bob.
1526:the original
1513:the original
1461:. Retrieved
1438:. Retrieved
1434:the original
1408:MS-DOS 5.00A
1399:. Retrieved
1380:. Retrieved
1369:
1336:. Retrieved
1329:the original
1316:
1306:the original
1296:
1282:
1239:
1227:
1216:. Retrieved
1207:
1197:
1186:. Retrieved
1173:
1164:
1153:. Retrieved
1138:
1114:
1108:. Retrieved
1101:the original
1088:
1081:
1063:
1059:
1035:. Retrieved
1021:
1010:. Retrieved
996:
942:
937:– via
932:. Retrieved
891:
882:
855:
849:
826:
812:
794:DOS extender
775:
769:
763:. Retrieved
747:
741:
694:
592:Phoenix BIOS
462:Turbo Pascal
448:
436:
416:Thomas Pytel
409:
393:/VER=0.9|1.0
377:Novell DOS 7
362:
343:
336:
318:
291:
287:
254:
245:
241:
231:
210:
189:
186:DOS extender
181:
177:
173:
169:
167:
127:
89:
85:
79:
61:Organization
43:Year started
27:Abbreviation
18:
2048:SpartaDOS X
1343:(160 pages)
1310:(112 pages)
790:Windows 3.0
754:: 367–371.
743:PC Magazine
550:Lotus 1-2-3
238:Windows 3.0
178:DPMI server
170:DPMI kernel
154:microkernel
110:Windows 3.0
2133:Categories
1798:PC-MOS/386
1788:Novell DOS
1685:SISNE plus
1675:Novell DOS
1655:IBM PC DOS
1615:Comparison
1545:2019-07-28
1463:2019-07-28
1453:DJ Delorie
1440:2006-12-19
1414:platform.)
1401:2018-09-17
1382:2018-09-20
1338:2013-05-31
1291:(22 pages)
1248:. p.
1218:2020-02-20
1188:2016-05-21
1155:2022-01-02
1110:2013-05-24
1037:2016-05-23
1012:2016-05-23
934:2018-09-17
765:2016-05-21
710:References
622:DESQview/X
420:demo scene
373:EMM386.EXE
369:"StarTrek"
234:Ralph Lipe
218:bare-metal
184:) or by a
2043:SpartaDOS
1998:NewDos/80
1873:Atari TOS
1868:Atari DOS
1863:Apple SOS
1853:Apple DOS
1520:Japheth.
1509:"CWSDPMI"
1491:Microsoft
1474:Microsoft
1178:Microsoft
1027:Microsoft
1002:Microsoft
973:limulator
921:Microsoft
888:Microsoft
786:Microsoft
760:0888-8507
255:true DPMI
222:user-mode
174:DPMI host
138:real mode
106:Microsoft
102:real mode
82:computing
38:Published
2107:Category
2073:TurboDOS
2038:SmartDOS
1978:MicroDOS
1838:AmigaDOS
1823:TurboDOS
1818:Towns OS
1763:K8918-OS
1758:DOS Plus
1648:MS-DOS 7
1620:Commands
1610:Timeline
1539:Archived
1457:Archived
1395:Archived
1376:Archived
1353:Archived
1212:Archived
1208:lynx-dev
1182:Archived
1149:Archived
982:Qualitas
971:makes a
925:Archived
825:(1992).
799:ROM BIOS
784:), when
651:See also
618:DESQview
604:Plink-86
346:Qualitas
124:Overview
2088:Z80-RIO
2058:Top-DOS
2013:RealDOS
1988:MSX-DOS
1923:DOS/360
1918:DIP DOS
1908:CSI-DOS
1813:SCP1700
1803:REAL/32
1793:OpenDOS
1773:MP/M-86
1743:CP/M-86
1718:4690 OS
1713:4680 OS
1695:FreeDOS
1690:PTS-DOS
1680:ROM-DOS
1095:. 1.0.
969:SoftNet
961:Windows
644:DOS/4GW
636:DOS/16M
578:DOS|386
574:DOS|286
458:Borland
412:CWSDPMI
405:REAL/32
354:DPMIONE
228:History
202:CWSDPMI
198:DOS/32A
194:DOS/4GW
51: (
2116:
2105:
2068:TRSDOS
2063:TR-DOS
1963:iS-DOS
1953:IDEDOS
1948:GEMDOS
1928:DOS XL
1878:BW-DOS
1843:AMSDOS
1768:FlexOS
1723:86-DOS
1704:Other
1665:DR-DOS
1638:MS-DOS
1256:
986:386MAX
965:BradSi
953:DR-DOS
945:Win386
870:
837:
758:
676:(NIOS)
665:(DPMS)
659:(VCPI)
640:DOS/4G
600:PForCe
560:MS-DOS
512:VM/386
502:OS/386
498:OS/286
472:PC DOS
428:DOS/4G
385:DR-DOS
349:386MAX
302:Novell
142:memory
84:, the
69:Domain
35:Status
2083:Z-DOS
2018:SB-80
2008:PTDOS
1993:MyDOS
1958:IMDOS
1848:ANDOS
1808:SB-86
1670:H-DOS
1660:DOS/V
1625:Games
1586:(DOS)
1498:(PDF)
1412:PC-98
1332:(PDF)
1325:Intel
1321:(PDF)
1302:Intel
1287:Intel
1104:(PDF)
1097:Intel
1093:(PDF)
1074:Intel
1062:[
951:(AKA
928:(PDF)
917:(PDF)
782:XVCPI
750:(3).
686:Notes
596:PMate
540:Merge
389:/DPMI
310:stubs
283:XVCPI
267:Lotus
206:HDPMI
176:, or
2118:List
2078:UDOS
2033:RDOS
2003:OS/M
1983:MP/M
1973:MDOS
1968:ISIS
1943:FLEX
1933:Edos
1898:CP/M
1748:CP/K
1728:ADOS
1410:for
1254:ISBN
955:and
949:ISVs
868:ISBN
835:ISBN
772:VCPI
756:ISSN
614:QEMM
476:OS/2
403:and
383:and
367:and
356:and
326:OS/2
294:DPMS
162:BIOS
160:and
118:ring
108:for
90:DPMI
53:1989
46:1989
30:DPMI
2023:SCP
1938:EOS
1706:x86
1605:API
1250:194
957:IBM
866:).
582:TNT
530:486
526:386
522:286
460:C,
358:386
322:API
244:or
204:or
196:or
158:DOS
130:API
94:DOS
80:In
2135::
1537:.
1374:.
1368:.
1351:.
1323:.
1300:.
1285:.
1252:.
1210:.
1206:.
1176:.
1172:.
1147:.
1123:^
1113:.
1076:.)
1046:^
977:C7
900:^
768:.
748:10
746:.
740:.
718:^
642:,
638:,
620:,
616:,
602:,
598:,
594:,
580:,
576:,
562:,
528:,
524:,
500:,
474:,
434:.
399:,
379:,
316:.
300:/
273:,
269:,
265:,
208:.
172:,
1576:e
1569:t
1562:v
1548:.
1500:.
1486:)
1482:(
1480:.
1466:.
1443:.
1404:.
1385:.
1341:.
1262:.
1221:.
1191:.
1158:.
1040:.
1015:.
876:.
862:(
843:.
780:(
634:(
630:/
624:)
612:(
606:)
590:(
584:)
572:(
566:)
558:(
552:)
548:(
542:)
538:(
520:(
510:(
496:(
492:/
488:/
484:/
478:)
470:(
464:)
456:(
281:(
188:(
88:(
55:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.