DVD-Video - Knowledge (XXG)

2162: 1226: 1158:"—a premium line of DVD-Video titles having average bitrates closer to 6 Mbit/s. Audio quality was also improved by the mandatory inclusion of both Dolby Digital and DTS 5.1 surround audio tracks. Multiple languages, angles, and extra audio tracks were eliminated to free up more space for the main title and thereby to ensure the highest data rate possible. In January 2007 the Superbit line was discontinued. 40: 2560: 187: 776: 1066:. This is most commonly used to encode 23.976 frame/s content for playback at 29.97 frame/s. Pulldown can be implemented directly while the disc is mastered, by actually encoding the data on the disc at 29.97 frames/s; however, this practice is uncommon for most commercial film releases, which provide content optimized for display on progressive-scan television sets. 1139:

can be used for video alone. In the case of multiple angles the data is stored interleaved, and so there is a bitrate penalty leading to a max bitrate of 8 Mbit/s per angle to compensate for additional seek time. This limit is not cumulative, so each additional angle can still have up to 8 Mbit/s of bitrate available.

1931:, and galleries provide entertainment. Deleted scenes and alternative endings allow the audience to view additional content which was not included in a theatrical release. Directors cuts allow the audience to see how the director envisioned the main title without the constraints which are placed on a theatrical release. 1070:

convert progressive content into interlaced video in real time during playback, producing a signal suitable for interlaced TV sets. These flags also allow reproducing progressive content at their original, non-interlaced format when used with compatible DVD players and progressive-scan television sets.

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license prohibits manufacturing of DVD players that are not set to a single region by default. While the same license prohibits manufacturers from including prominent interfaces to change the region setting it does not clearly prevent them from including "hidden" menus that enable the player's region

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Each DVD-Video disc contains one or more region codes, denoting the area(s) of the world in which distribution and playback are intended. The commercial DVD player specification dictates that a player must only play discs that contain its region code. In theory, this allows the motion picture studios

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high-definition optical disc format. However, sales figures suggest that DVD is in no immediate danger of disappearing. All standard DVDs will play on existing Blu-ray players, making the switch to Blu-ray much easier than the switch from VHS to DVD. Moreover, some labels are cutting back on Blu-ray

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From a worldwide perspective regional coding may be seen as a failure. A huge percentage of players outside of North America can be easily modified (and are even sold pre-modified by e-commerce websites) to ignore the regional codes on a disc. This, coupled with the fact that almost all televisions

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DVD-Video may contain chapters for easy navigation, and continuation of a partially watched film. If space permits, it is also possible to include several versions of certain scenes, called "angles". Today, the multi-angle feature is mostly used for internationalization. For example, it can be used

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DVD-Video discs have a raw bitrate of 11.08 Mbit/s, with a 1.0 Mbit/s overhead, leaving a payload bitrate of 10.08 Mbit/s. Of this, up to 3.36 Mbit/s can be used for subtitles, a maximum of 10.08 Mbit/s can be split amongst audio and video, and a maximum of 9.80 Mbit/s

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DVD-Video allows the disc to specify whether or not the user may perform any operation, such as selecting a menu, skipping chapters, forwarding or rewinding – essentially any function on the remote control. This is known as User Operation Prohibitions, or Prohibited User Operations

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DVDs can contain more than one channel of audio to go together with the video content, supporting a maximum of eight simultaneous audio tracks per video. This is most commonly used for different audio formats—DTS 5.1, AC-3 2.0 etc.—as well as for commentary and audio tracks in different languages.

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decoder (e.g., a DVD player, or a computer DVD drive with a software DVD player). Commercial DVD movies are encoded using a combination of MPEG-2 compressed video and audio of varying formats (often multi-channel formats as described below). Typically, the data rate for DVD movies ranges from 3 to

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After DeCSS ripping software became available, companies developed techniques to introduce errors in DVD-Video discs that do not normally affect playback and navigation of a disc, but can cause problems in software that attempts to copy the entire disc. These approaches, which are not part of the

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Alternatively, the content can be encoded on the disc itself at one of several alternative frame rates, and use flags that identify scanning type, field order and field repeating pattern. Such flags can be added in video stream by the H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2 encoder. A DVD player uses these flags to

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system, though with no requirement mandating the use of or support for the MP2 format. DTS audio is optional for all players, as DTS was not part of the initial draft standard and was added later; thus, many early players are unable to play DTS audio tracks. Only PCM and DTS support 96 kHz

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images and therefore can contain any arbitrary text or simple image. They are restricted to a 16-color palette, but are usually implemented with a limit of 4 colors. 16 levels of transparency are also supported to allow blending, but this is also not always implemented. The subtitle tracks are

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of the 1980s. At the time of their launch, consumer awareness of either high-definition format was severely limited, with the result that most consumers avoided both formats, already content with DVD. In February 2008, Toshiba capitulated, citing low demand for HD DVD and the faster growth of

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is called the Virtual Machine (VM) DVD command set. There are 16 general parameter registers (GPRM) to hold temporary values and 24 system parameters (SPRM). As a result of a moderately flexible programming interface, DVD players can be used to play games, such as the DVD re-release of

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sampling rate. Because PCM, being uncompressed, requires a lot of bandwidth and DTS is not universally supported by players, AC-3 is the most common digital audio format for DVDs, and 96 kHz is rare on a DVD. The official allowed formats for the audio tracks on a DVD-Video are:

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are capable of displaying NTSC video (at the very least, in black and white), means that consumers in these regions have a huge choice of discs. Contrary to popular belief, this practice is not illegal and in some countries that strongly support free trade it is encouraged.

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to be changed; as such, many high-end models in the U.S. include password-protected or otherwise hidden methods to enable multi-region playback. Conversely in the UK and Ireland many cheap DVD players are multi-region while more expensive systems, including the majority of

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DVD players allow everything, commercial ones (both standalone models and software players) come further encumbered with restrictions forbidding the viewer from skipping (or in some cases fast-forwarding) certain content such as copyright warnings or advertisements. (See

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Extra features require additional storage space, which often means encoding the main title with lower than possible data rate to fit both the main title and the extras on one disc. Lower data rate may decrease visual and sound quality, which manifests itself in various

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Disc releases in favor of DVD-Video, claiming that low sales do not justify the more expensive Blu-ray Disc format. In addition, a growing number of hardware vendors are enhancing their Blu-ray players with Internet connectivity for subscription-based video downloads.

2462:, but on December 6, 2006, 20 Chinese electronic firms unveiled 54 prototype EVD players and announced their intention for the format to completely replace DVDs in China by 2008. However, due to a lack of sales, support for EVD was dropped by the Xinhua Bookstore in 2055:

library. Unlike DeCSS, libdvdcss can access a CSS-encrypted DVD without the need of a cracked key, thus enabling playback of such discs on opensource players without legal restraints (although DVD rippers using this library may still be subject to restrictions).

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was released on DVD in Europe several months prior to the film's release in North American movie theaters. Regional coding kept the European DVD unplayable for most North American consumers, thereby ensuring that ticket sales would be relatively unaffected.

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Professionally encoded videos average a bitrate of 4–5 Mbit/s with a maximum of 7–8 Mbit/s in high-action scenes. Encoding at less than the max bitrate (like this) is typically done to allow greater compatibility among players, and to help prevent

2377:. The cards were necessary since most computers did not have sufficient processing power to handle the decoding on the discs. As CPU speeds and video card memory drastically increased in the late 1990s, in addition to software alternatives such as 2119:, X-protect, ProtectDisc SecureBurn, Anaho, Fortium, and others. All of these methods have been circumvented (as might have been expected, since all standard DVD players naturally circumvent them to play and navigate the discs normally). 1992:

Many DVD-Video titles use Content Scramble System (CSS) encryption, which is intended to discourage people from copying the disc. Usually, users need to install software provided on the DVD or downloaded from the Internet such as

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to control the various aspects of a release (including content, date and price) on a region-by-region basis, or ensure the success of "staggered" or delayed cinema releases from country to country. For example, the British movie

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system standard DVD-Video releases must contain at least one audio track using the PCM, MP2, or AC-3 format, and all standard PAL players must support all three of these formats. A similar standard exists in countries using the

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ets (VTS), table of titles, number of volumes, domains for multiple languages and regional and parental control settings, information about subtitles, audio tracks, etc. This file is required to be present on a DVD-compliant

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A normal DVD player can only play region-coded discs designated for the player's own particular region. However, a code-free or region-free DVD player is capable of playing DVDs from any of the six regions around the world.

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files are not widely supported by hardware or software players and video editing software. DVD+VR standard defines a logical format for DVD-Video compliant recording on optical discs and is commonly used on DVD+R/RW media.

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The MPEG-1 Part 2 format does not support interlaced video. The H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2 format supports both interlaced and progressive-scan content, and can handle different frame rates from the ones mentioned above by using

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players ignore UOPs and some DVD "re-authoring" software packages allow the user to produce a copy without these restrictions. The legality of these activities varies by jurisdiction and is the subject of debate. (See

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file systems. The UDF bridge format provides backwards compatibility for operating systems that support only ISO 9660. Most DVD players read the UDF filesystem from a DVD-Video disc and ignore the ISO9660 filesystem.

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and header structure that defines DVD-Video. Standard DVD-Video files contain extra information (such as the number of video tracks, chapters and links to extra features) that DVD players use to navigate the disc.

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is usually adaptive. DVD-Video was first available in Japan on November 1, 1996 (with major releases beginning December 20, 1996), followed by a release on March 26, 1997, in the United States—to line up with the

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DTS: 48 kHz or 96 kHz sampling rate; channel layouts = 2.0, 2.1, 5.0, 5.1, 6.1; bitrates for 2.0 and 2.1 = 377.25 and 503.25 kbit/s, bitrates for 5.x and 6.1 = 754.5 and 1509.75 kbit/s;

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viewers, displaying translated dialogue into other languages, or displaying karaoke lyrics. They are sometimes used to present additional information about the video being played. Subtitles are stored as

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audio. By forgoing Dolby standards, manufacturers cut costs considerably; encoding in lower bit-rates also allows a TV series to be squeezed onto fewer discs. There is no region coding in such cases.

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When DVD drives first became commercially available in 1997, they often came with special encoder/decoder cards, which were designed to pass through either the integrated video on the computer

2138:(UOPs or PUOs). Most DVD players respect these commands (e. g., by preventing skipping or fast-forwarding through a copyright message or an advertisement at the beginning of a disc). However, 1840:

A significant selling point of DVD-Video is that the storage capacity allows for a wide variety of extra, or bonus, features in addition to the feature film. These extra features can include

2064: 1112:, 2 to 6 channels, up to 6,144 kbit/s; N. B. 16-bit 48 kHz 8 channel PCM is allowed by the DVD-Video specification but is not well-supported by authoring applications or players; 2512:(PS3), among other reasons. Toshiba ended production of their HD DVD players and discontinued promotion of the format, while the HD DVD movie release schedule concluded by June 2008. 1344:

the first-play Video Object of the DVD-Video disc, usually a copyright notice or a menu. It is part of Video Manager. This file is not required to be present on a DVD-compliant disc.

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Some DVD hardware or software players may play discs whose MPEG files do not conform to the above standards; commonly this is used to support discs authored with formats such as

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files store control and playback information – e. g. information about chapters, subtitles and audio tracks. They do not store any video or audio data or subtitles.

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There are also two additional region codes, region 7, which is reserved, and region 8, which is used exclusively for passenger transport such as airlines and cruise ships.

2043:. This has led to long-running legal battles and the arrest of some of those involved in creating or distributing the DeCSS code, through the use of the controversial U.S. 3007: 2975: 3800: 2458:(EVD) which is another extension of standard DVD. Shortly thereafter the development of the format was halted by a licensing dispute between Chinese companies and 847:

and can be obtained from DVD Format/Logo Licensing Corporation for a fee of $ 5,000. The specification is not publicly available and every subscriber must sign a

2020:) has been released, nor is it possible to distinguish between legal and illegal copies of a work, but CSS does restrict the playback software that may be used. 4654: 2929: 3452: 1806: 4619: 2961: 1253:

stores all data for the DVD-Video; it is also known as a Video Title Sets directory. This directory is required to be present on a DVD-compliant disc.

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In practice, many DVD players allow playback of any disc, or can be modified to do so. Entirely independent of encryption, region coding pertains to

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becoming readily available, the decoder cards quickly became obsolete; however, before the introduction of GPU video encoding technology (such as

734: 762: 3840: 2349:(RPC), either RPC-1 or RPC-2. This is used to enforce the publisher's restrictions on what regions of the world the DVD can be played. (See 1946:. To maintain quality the main title and the extras may be released on several discs, or the extras may be omitted completely like in the " 3793: 2573: 221: 3744: 2593: 2873: 2027:

operating systems, since open source player implementations are not officially given access to the decryption keys or license to the

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Other logo used from 1997 to 2001 (although some DVDs from 2001 to 2003 and some pirated DVDs made after 2001 still carry this logo)

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stores control and playback information for the Video Title Set 01—e. g. information about chapters, subtitles and audio tracks. A

2675: 4405: 2887: 2068: 2044: 1151: 729: 3420: 4394: 2734: 2539: 573: 456: 3004: 2983: 2047:(DMCA), on the grounds that such software could also be used to facilitate unauthorized copying of the data on the discs. The 4351: 3786: 2654: 1290:

er (VMG) information file – stores control and playback information for the entire DVD – e. g. the First Play

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video is supported by the DVD standard, neither SVCD video nor VCD, CVD, or SVCD audio is compatible with the DVD standard.

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players were also difficult to find on some platforms. However, a successful effort has been made to write a decoder by

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law, may be used to prevent making unauthorized copies of DVDs. CSS decrypting software, or ripping software, such as

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to supply different language versions of images containing written text when subtitles would not do (e. g., the

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Data structures recorded on a DVD-compliant disc are components of one of the four data groups called domains:

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discs; it is also known as an Audio Title Sets directory; included on DVD-Video discs for compatibility reasons

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for multiple storylines, up to 9 camera angles, and DVD-ROM / data files that can be accessed on a computer.

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At a display rate of 29.97 frames per second, interlaced or progressive scan (commonly used in regions with

566: 435: 402: 2492:, which voted to make it the official successor to DVD. Opposing HD DVD was the Blu-ray format, led by the 1934:

Other extras that can be included on DVDs are motion menus, still pictures, up to 32 selectable subtitles,

4639: 4634: 4497: 4322: 3960: 3014:"some dvd players cannot sustain high max bitrate" though note also they still encode video at 8 Mbps 2382: 594: 442: 216: 211: 65: 3544: 2826: 4527: 4110: 3870: 2444: 2225: 1761: 1206: 1109: 1091: 1087: 934: 748: 703: 559: 552: 3575: 3339: 2067:. In some countries it is not illegal to use de-scrambling software to bypass the DVD restrictions. A 4316: 3918: 3834: 3677: 2711: 2504: 2358: 2335: 2247:

contained on the DVD. This is used to control playback and display special effects on the menus. The

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file. This file is required to be present on a DVD-compliant disc. It is part of the Video Title Set.

937: 674: 653: 638: 428: 1417:" contains the menu for this title. This file is not required to be present on a DVD-compliant disc. 4629: 3629: 2291: 2036: 1914: 1908: 1801: 1668: 1025: 1005: 860: 837: 503: 3598: 4552: 4226: 3504: 2565: 2548:. While the Blu-ray format is marketed internationally, CBHDs are exclusively marketed in China. 2544:

China Blue High-definition Disc (CBHD) was introduced in September 2007. This format is based on

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is a feature that reduces drive noise during playback but inadvertently reduces ripping speed.

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Extra features often provide entertainment or add depth and understanding to the film. Games,

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DVD-Video has four complementary systems designed to restrict the DVD user in various ways:

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A DVD volume for the DVD-Video format has the following structure of directories and files:

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compression at up to 1.856 Mbit/s (1,856 kbit/s). DVD-Video supports video with a

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https://documentation.apple.com/en/dvdstudiopro/usermanual/index.html#chapter=4%26section=6

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The maximum chapters allowed per title is 99 and the maximum titles allowed per DVD is 99.

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CSS does not make it difficult (any more) to copy the digital content now that a decoder (

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allows a disc to be copied to hard disk unscrambled. Some DeCSS applications also remove

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format, but with additional limitations and specifications in the private streams. The

1175: 1171: 1015: 299: 283: 279: 231: 4613: 4031: 3707: 2588: 2527: 2509: 2488:, were introduced in 2006. The HD DVD format, promoted by Toshiba, was backed by the 2432: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2172: 2079: 2060: 1862: 1186: 1079: 795: 661: 601: 166: 3291: 2742: 2499:

With HD DVD launched in March 2006 and Blu-ray launched in June of the same year, a

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format instead of DVD-Video. DVD-VR format store multiplexed audiovisual content in

4624: 4591: 3888: 3117: 3074: 2331: 2283: 2277: 2087: 1769: 1718: 1643: 587: 258: 201: 178: 50: 3428: 3326: 2651: 3469: 4521: 4503: 4196: 4154: 4051: 4045: 3772: 3599:"FUSIONMPEGII MPEG1/MPEG2/VCD/SVCD Encoder User Manual FusionMPEG2ManualEng DVI" 3388: 3031: 2798: 2780: 2767: 2635: 2622: 2392: 2370: 2210: 2193: 2139: 2116: 2095: 2071:

have since appeared on the Web to view DVDs on a number of different platforms.

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often support additional disc and file formats, including DVD+/-R/RW, CD-R/RW,

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AC-3: 48 kHz sampling rate, 1 to 5.1 (6) channels, up to 448 kbit/s;

995: 926: 891: 684: 476: 406: 3368: 3224: 4585: 4515: 4482: 4339: 4232: 4214: 4181: 4124: 4118: 4075: 3817: 3096:"DVD-Video Information – Video Manager and Video Title Set IFO file headers" 2489: 2075: 2052: 1856: 1825: 1812: 1241: 980: 907: 844: 803: 775: 709: 530: 472: 374: 354: 346: 311: 104: 82: 39: 3143: 1150:

In October 2001, aiming to improve picture quality over standard editions,

819: 186: 4310: 4261: 4238: 4087: 3549: 3473: 3314: 2598: 2428: 2424: 2396: 2378: 2244: 2144: 2048: 2002: 1947: 1210: 1167: 1155: 1063: 1054: 1044: 832: 669: 616: 511: 468: 350: 342: 295: 291: 287: 108: 17: 3778: 3404: 2636:"DVD Format Book – History of Supplements for DVD Books" 4564: 4485: 4375: 4369: 4279: 4267: 4099: 4093: 4081: 4063: 3990: 3978: 3942: 3912: 3882: 3864: 2603: 2583: 2485: 2311: 2120: 1994: 1928: 1868: 1821: 1750: 1726: 1185:

containing "raw" MPEG video files; these are "unauthored" and lack the

851:. Certain information in the DVD Book is proprietary and confidential. 815: 807: 516: 410: 397: 390: 386: 366: 362: 323: 307: 126: 3700:"Chinese companies unveil video players with homegrown DVD technology" 3673: 2023:

CSS has caused major problems for the inclusion of DVD players in any

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material which can only be viewed on a television set with a decoder.

4363: 3900: 3876: 2578: 2545: 2481: 2315: 2221: 2083: 2028: 2010: 1774: 1746: 1722: 1182: 868: 864: 828: 823: 822:. Discs using the DVD-Video specification require a DVD drive and an 799: 539: 535: 496: 463: 421: 358: 338: 319: 267: 122: 70:

DVD Books, Part 3, DVD-Video Book (Book B), DVD Video Recording Book

3497:"The Openlaw DVD/DeCSS Forum Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) List" 3028:"DVD Demystified – What Are the Features and Speeds of DVD Drives?" 1733:

containers. VRO file is an equivalent to a collection of DVD-Video

303: 4558: 4509: 4491: 4202: 4166: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4069: 4008: 4002: 3966: 3826: 3809: 3745:"The Americans – Fox Announces DVDs for 'The Complete 2nd Season'" 3525: 2508:

Blu-ray, and the inclusion of the format in the video game system

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Other measures such as anti-ripping, as well as U.S. and non-U.S.

2040: 2017: 1224: 914: 876: 774: 522: 489: 370: 334: 275: 149: 3369:"What Are .IFO, .VOB, .AOB, and .VRO files? How Can I Play Them?" 886:

The following formats are allowed for H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2 video:

4533: 4020: 3674:"Chinese Companies Tackling Intellectual Property Rights Issues" 2454:

reported the final standard of the Chinese government-sponsored

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extension to DVD. However, hDVD failed to gain much popularity.

2323: 2319: 2299: 1974:(UOPs). There are also anti-ripping techniques intended to foil 1817: 1240:

empty or not present on DVD-Video discs; contains files only on

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format, which is a combination of the DVD MicroUDF (a subset of

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PCM: 48 kHz or 96 kHz sampling rate, 16 bit or 24 bit

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DVD drives for computers usually come with one of two kinds of

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In April 2000, Sonic Solutions and Ravisent announced hDVD, a

2416: 2327: 2287: 2063:, however many other countries are signatories to the similar 1816:

films). Multiple angles have found a niche in markets such as

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in the 2000s until it was supplanted by the high-definition

2258:, along with more sophisticated and advanced games such as 790:. DVD-Video was the dominant consumer home video format in 1768:

tracks. Subtitles are usually offered as a visual aid for

786:

is a consumer video format used to store digital video on

2623:"DVD Book Construction – List of All Available DVD Books" 2480:

Two competing high-definition (HD) optical-disc formats,

2385:), a proprietary MPEG2 / MPEG4 encoder card may be used. 2503:

started. Industry analysts likened the situation to the

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program stream has provisions for non-standard data (as

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systems with DVD-Video playback functionality include:

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features (commonly about the making of the main title),

1434:" contains the video for this title. At least one file 3775:

including virtual machine instruction set information.

2917:"Home Theater High Fidelity: A Beautiful Mind, Review" 2646: 2644: 1032:

The following formats are allowed for MPEG-1 video:

4578: 4543: 4475: 4434: 4427: 4404: 4332: 4254: 4189: 4180: 4109: 4030: 3825: 3816: 3625:"Hack: How to Play DVD Movies on Your Nintendo Wii" 2781:"How to Obtain DVD Format/Logo License (2005–2009)" 2762: 2760: 2264:, all of which can be run on standard DVD players. 133: 114: 96: 88: 74: 64: 56: 46: 2707:"It's Unreel: DVD Rentals Overtake Videocassettes" 2515:After HD DVD was discontinued, Blu-ray became the 2013:to be able to view the disc in a computer system. 1642:Video, audio, subtitle and navigation streams are 483:High-Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc (HD VMD) 2213:systems, are preset to play only region 2 discs. 1711:program streams comply with the definition for a 1691:files) in the form of so-called private streams. 1181:Some hardware players will also play DVD-ROMs or 863:compression at up to 9.8 Mbit/s (9,800 3415: 3413: 2888:"MPEG and Progressive Content - Windows drivers" 2676:"DVD Frequently Asked Questions (with answers!)" 2496:, which shares many members with the DVD forum. 1810:, and the scrolling text in the openings of the 60:Up to 8.5 GB (4 hours at typical bit rates) 2905:"DVD Benchmark – Part 5 – Progressive Scan DVD" 2874:"DVD Benchmark - Part 5 - Progressive Scan DVD" 2111:official DVD-Video specification, include Sony 1917:(which were used to promote the main title) and 859:To record digital video, DVD-Video uses either 27:Format used to store digital video on DVD discs 3022: 3020: 2450:On November 18, 2003, the Chinese news agency 810:Disc, before eventually both were replaced by 3794: 2466:, which was a major supporter of the format. 756: 8: 3310: 3308: 2526:is the latest version available, supporting 2334:readers. Player prices range from as low as 1438:is required in the Video Title Set and each 32: 3572:"DVD Recorder Formats dvdrecorderworld.com" 2795:"HDMI Enhanced Black Levels, xvYCC and RGB" 2669: 2667: 843:The DVD-Video specification was created by 4431: 4186: 3822: 3801: 3787: 3779: 1053:pixels at 29.97 frame/s, progressive (SIF/ 763: 749: 174: 38: 3501:Berkman Center for Internet & Society 1147:in the case of dirty or scratched discs. 3327:"DVD – MPeg Differences" 3054:"FreeBSD Handbook – Burning a DVD-Video" 1387:) is required to be present on each VTS. 3652:"Sonic Solutions ships New hDVD Format" 2614: 2476:High definition optical disc format war 2102:, and disabled user operations (UOPs). 735:High-definition optical disc format war 177: 4395:CBHD (China Blue High-definition Disc) 3363: 3361: 3340:"Is it easy to understand DVD format?" 2960:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2953: 2342:10) to as high as US$ 2,700 (£1,350). 1695:files are a very strict subset of the 1646:and stored on a DVD-Video disc in the 574:Stacked Volumetric Optical Disk (SVOD) 457:China Blue High-definition Disc (CBHD) 31: 3545:"Border controls crumble in DVD land" 1923:(advertising related movies or DVDs). 1121:MP2: 48 kHz sampling rate, 1 to 1094:(MP2) format. In countries using the 1078:The audio data on a DVD movie can be 7: 4655:Rotating disc computer storage media 4352:HVD (High-Definition Versatile Disc) 2733:Copeland, Jeff B. (March 23, 1997). 2059:The DMCA currently affects only the 1760:DVD-Video may also include up to 32 3743:Lambert, David (October 14, 2014). 3730:"E-commerce and Video Distribution" 2574:Comparison of video player software 2243:implemented by the DVD player runs 2051:team, however, went on to make the 1699:program stream standard. While all 1201:Almost all DVD-Video discs use the 1152:Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment 3747:. TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from 3706:. December 6, 2006. Archived from 2594:List of DVD authoring applications 1332:file. It is part of Video Manager. 979:frequency, compatible with analog 906:frequency, compatible with analog 25: 4620:Audiovisual introductions in 1996 3704:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 3623:Keller, Mike (January 19, 2009). 2165:DVD region codes across the world 4389:HVD (Holographic Versatile Disc) 3543:Rubens, Paul (August 19, 2002). 3405:"DVD-VR Application Format Notes 3367:DVD Demystified (July 13, 2009) 2558: 2045:Digital Millennium Copyright Act 875:of 8 bits per color, encoded as 730:History of optical storage media 450:Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD) 185: 3248:"Muxman MXP Files – PGC Object" 3075:"CDBurnerXP Help – File System" 2793:Clint DeBoer (April 16, 2008). 2705:Bakalis, Anna (June 20, 2003). 2540:China Blue High-definition Disc 902:(commonly used in regions with 2976:"DVD Studio Pro 4 User Manual" 2674:Taylor, Jim (March 21, 1997). 2423:(additional remote required), 1500:files are only backups of the 1470:files each. The last possible 1442:. DVD-Video can contain up to 1: 4379: 4283: 1229:Layout of files for DVD-Video 436:Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD) 2419:(with an unsupported hack), 2399:sold exclusively in Japan), 1218:Directory and file structure 443:Forward Versatile Disc (FVD) 3118:"DVD Authoring Terminology" 2825:. Telairity. Archived from 2735:"Oscar Day Is Also DVD Day" 2069:number of software programs 1787:DVD-Video may also contain 1454:) titles with a maximum of 595:Nintendo optical disc (NOD) 581:Fluorescent Multilayer Disc 560:Ultra Density Optical (UDO) 4671: 4598:Electronic Video Recording 3495:Warren, R. (May 3, 2000). 3455:February 26, 2008, at the 3387:Doom9’s forum (2002–2005) 3292:"VTS, VMG and other stuff" 3270:"Menu Features – DVD Menu" 3221:"Domains and System Space" 2537: 2473: 2439:Competitors and successors 2364:User operation prohibition 2271: 2184:, which originated in the 2154: 2133:User operation prohibition 2130: 1985: 1832:), and live performances. 1744: 1635: 429:Universal Media Disc (UMD) 4414:UHD-BD (Ultra HD Blu-ray) 4311:PVD (Personal Video Disc) 3654:. CDRInfo. April 18, 2000 3167:"DVD Video Manager (VMG)" 2347:Regional Playback Control 1770:deaf and hearing impaired 1707:program streams, not all 696:Apple ISO 9660 Extensions 504:Personal Video Disc (PVD) 37: 3847:Ampex 2 inch helical VTR 3010:January 7, 2016, at the 2494:Blu-ray Disc Association 2220:are usually released in 2127:Disabled user operations 1972:disabled user operations 1306:hain), locations of all 1125:, up to 912 kbit/s. 998:resolution, 4:3 or 16:9) 890:At a display rate of 25 849:non-disclosure agreement 4346:Professional Disc (PFD) 3853:Sony 2 inch helical VTR 3470:"DeCSS Author Arrested" 3407:. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 3395:, Retrieved 2009-07-28. 3378:. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 3329:. Retrieved 2009-07-24. 3317:. Retrieved 2009-07-26. 3194:"Video Title Set (VTS)" 2783:. Retrieved 2009-08-14. 2770:. Retrieved 2009-08-14. 2661:. Retrieved 2009-07-24. 2638:. Retrieved 2009-07-24. 2625:. Retrieved 2009-07-24. 2470:Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD 2456:Enhanced Versatile Disc 1988:Content Scramble System 1982:Content Scramble System 1964:Content Scramble System 1890:trivia text commentary, 1328:the backup copy of the 702:Universal Disk Format ( 567:3D optical data storage 546:Video Single Disc (VSD) 4592:Electronicam kinescope 4579:Video recorded to film 3450:CinePlayer Variability 2820:"Digital Color Coding" 2505:VHS/Betamax format war 2383:Intel Quick Sync Video 2166: 1230: 1039:pixels at 25 frame/s, 780: 656:(layer jump recording) 222:Recording technologies 212:Optical disc authoring 156:; 27 years ago 139:; 27 years ago 4406:Ultra-High Definition 3810:Video storage formats 3773:DVD-Video information 3374:July 9, 2011, at the 2876:. September 30, 2000. 2326:). Some also include 2268:Players and recorders 2235:Programming interface 2164: 1944:compression artifacts 1778:contained within the 1687:or subtitles used in 1396:a backup copy of the 1228: 1092:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II 778: 553:Magneto-optical discs 137:November 1, 1996 4645:Consumer electronics 3678:WorldWatch Institute 3530:anahoproductions.com 3431:on February 24, 2020 3315:"What Is a VOB File" 3146:on December 13, 2003 2712:The Washington Times 2657:May 1, 2010, at the 2652:"DVD Books Overview" 2395:(a variation of the 2359:open-source software 2033:Proprietary software 977:60 Hz image scanning 904:50 Hz image scanning 4650:Japanese inventions 3751:on December 7, 2014 3710:on January 15, 2013 3630:The Washington Post 3346:on October 24, 2001 3219:DVD-Replica Media. 3200:on January 22, 2013 3192:DVD-Replica Media. 3165:DVD-Replica Media. 3138:DVD-Replica Media. 2942:on October 24, 2015 2621:DVD FLLC (2009-02) 2216:In China, DVDs for 2037:reverse engineering 1915:theatrical trailers 1795:Chapters and angles 1669:MPEG program stream 861:H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2 838:69th Academy Awards 298:), Super Video CD ( 251:Optical media types 154:March 26, 1997 34: 3505:Harvard University 3476:. January 25, 2000 3034:on August 22, 2009 2986:on January 7, 2016 2892:docs.microsoft.com 2832:on January 7, 2014 2566:Electronics portal 2167: 1999:TotalMedia Theatre 1936:seamless branching 1737:files. Fragmented 1231: 881:chroma subsampling 812:streaming services 781: 282:, Super Audio CD ( 239:Burst cutting area 217:Authoring software 207:Optical disc drive 4607: 4606: 4574: 4573: 4423: 4422: 4370:BD (Blu-ray Disc) 4340:MUSE Hi-Vision LD 4176: 4175: 2768:"DVD Format Book" 2745:on April 11, 1997 2686:on March 29, 1997 2218:television series 2113:ARccOS Protection 2031:involved in CSS. 1804:'s spell book in 1789:closed captioning 1784:file of the DVD. 1426:"Video Title Set 1409:"Video Title Set 892:frames per second 773: 772: 610:Professional Disc 517:MD Data, MD Data2 411:Mini Blu-ray Disc 173: 172: 16:(Redirected from 4662: 4432: 4384: 4381: 4288: 4285: 4187: 3823: 3803: 3796: 3789: 3780: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3680:. April 18, 2000 3670: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3620: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3574:. Archived from 3568: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3540: 3534: 3533: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3466: 3460: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3427:. Archived from 3417: 3408: 3402: 3396: 3392: 3385: 3379: 3365: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3342:. Archived from 3336: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3303: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3227:on July 31, 2012 3223:. Archived from 3216: 3210: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3196:. Archived from 3189: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3173:on July 24, 2012 3169:. Archived from 3162: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3142:. Archived from 3140:"First-Play PGC" 3135: 3129: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3092: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3050: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3030:. Archived from 3024: 3015: 3002: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2982:. Archived from 2972: 2966: 2965: 2959: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2941: 2935:. Archived from 2934: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2831: 2824: 2816: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2790: 2784: 2779:DVD FLLC (2009) 2777: 2771: 2766:DVD FLLC (2009) 2764: 2755: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2741:. Archived from 2730: 2724: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2682:. Archived from 2671: 2662: 2648: 2639: 2632: 2626: 2619: 2568: 2563: 2562: 2524:Ultra HD Blu-ray 2460:On2 Technologies 2355:DVD region codes 2351:Regional lockout 2182:regional lockout 1976:ripping software 1950:" line of DVDs. 1874:photo galleries, 1845:audio commentary 1828:(e. g. for 1783: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1667:is based on the 1666: 1653:container format 1651: 1626: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1532: 1528: 1503: 1498: 1490: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1423: 1416: 1412: 1406: 1399: 1393: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1368: 1341: 1331: 1325: 1293: 1275: 1250: 1237: 1174:. While VCD and 1145:buffer underruns 1057:resolution, 4:3) 1047:resolution, 4:3) 1028:resolution, 4:3) 1018:resolution, 4:3) 1016:China Video Disc 1008:resolution, 4:3) 970:resolution, 4:3) 960:resolution, 4:3) 958:China Video Disc 950:resolution, 4:3) 929:resolution, 4:3 900:progressive scan 765: 758: 751: 650:(packet writing) 415:Ultra HD Blu-ray 403:BD-R & BD-RE 189: 175: 164: 162: 157: 147: 145: 140: 118: 100: 78: 42: 35: 21: 4670: 4669: 4665: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4660: 4659: 4610: 4609: 4608: 4603: 4570: 4539: 4471: 4419: 4400: 4382: 4333:High Definition 4328: 4286: 4250: 4172: 4111:High Definition 4105: 4064:Digital Betacam 4026: 3812: 3807: 3769: 3764: 3754: 3752: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3728: 3727: 3723: 3713: 3711: 3698: 3697: 3693: 3683: 3681: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3657: 3655: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3635: 3633: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3607: 3605: 3596: 3595: 3591: 3581: 3579: 3578:on July 5, 2007 3570: 3569: 3565: 3555: 3553: 3542: 3541: 3537: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3509: 3507: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3468: 3467: 3463: 3457:Wayback Machine 3448: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3419: 3418: 3411: 3403: 3399: 3393:File Conversion 3390: 3386: 3382: 3376:Wayback Machine 3366: 3359: 3349: 3347: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3325: 3321: 3313: 3306: 3296: 3294: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3274: 3272: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3230: 3228: 3218: 3217: 3213: 3203: 3201: 3191: 3190: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3164: 3163: 3159: 3149: 3147: 3137: 3136: 3132: 3122: 3120: 3116:Douglas Dixon. 3115: 3114: 3110: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3093: 3089: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3072: 3068: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3051: 3047: 3037: 3035: 3026: 3025: 3018: 3012:Wayback Machine 3003: 2999: 2989: 2987: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2952: 2945: 2943: 2939: 2932: 2930:"Archived copy" 2928: 2927: 2923: 2915: 2911: 2903: 2899: 2886: 2885: 2881: 2872: 2871: 2867: 2857: 2855: 2854:. Videohelp.com 2850: 2849: 2845: 2835: 2833: 2829: 2822: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2803: 2801: 2792: 2791: 2787: 2778: 2774: 2765: 2758: 2748: 2746: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2717: 2715: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2689: 2687: 2680:Video Discovery 2673: 2672: 2665: 2659:Wayback Machine 2649: 2642: 2633: 2629: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2564: 2557: 2554: 2542: 2536: 2478: 2472: 2445:high-definition 2441: 2280: 2272:Main articles: 2270: 2249:instruction set 2241:virtual machine 2237: 2159: 2157:DVD region code 2153: 2135: 2129: 2108: 2039:, resulting in 1990: 1984: 1956: 1921:teaser trailers 1863:deleted footage 1838: 1797: 1779: 1758: 1753: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1664: 1647: 1640: 1634: 1624: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1530: 1529:located in the 1526: 1510: 1501: 1496: 1488: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1430:, Video Object 1427: 1421: 1414: 1413:, Video Object 1410: 1404: 1397: 1391: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1366: 1361:et (VTS) files: 1336: 1329: 1323: 1291: 1273: 1268:er (VMG) files: 1248: 1235: 1220: 1199: 1164: 1136: 1076: 857: 840:that same day. 769: 740: 739: 725: 717: 716: 631: 623: 622: 252: 244: 243: 227:Recording modes 197: 160: 158: 155: 153: 143: 141: 138: 125: 116: 107: 98: 76: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4668: 4666: 4658: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4612: 4611: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4601: 4595: 4589: 4582: 4580: 4576: 4575: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4549: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4489: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4451: 4445: 4438: 4436: 4435:Media agnostic 4429: 4425: 4424: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4417: 4410: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4398: 4392: 4386: 4373: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4349: 4343: 4336: 4334: 4330: 4329: 4327: 4326: 4320: 4314: 4308: 4302: 4296: 4290: 4277: 4271: 4265: 4258: 4256: 4252: 4251: 4249: 4248: 4242: 4236: 4230: 4224: 4218: 4212: 4206: 4200: 4193: 4191: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4170: 4164: 4158: 4152: 4146: 4140: 4134: 4128: 4122: 4115: 4113: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4076:Digital-S (D9) 4073: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4036: 4034: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3831: 3829: 3820: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3806: 3805: 3798: 3791: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3768: 3767:External links 3765: 3763: 3762: 3735: 3721: 3691: 3665: 3643: 3615: 3589: 3563: 3535: 3517: 3487: 3461: 3442: 3409: 3397: 3380: 3357: 3331: 3319: 3304: 3282: 3260: 3238: 3211: 3184: 3157: 3130: 3108: 3087: 3066: 3045: 3016: 2997: 2967: 2921: 2909: 2897: 2879: 2865: 2852:"What is DVD?" 2843: 2811: 2785: 2772: 2756: 2725: 2697: 2663: 2640: 2627: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2570: 2569: 2553: 2550: 2538:Main article: 2535: 2532: 2471: 2468: 2440: 2437: 2269: 2266: 2236: 2233: 2192:in Europe and 2155:Main article: 2152: 2149: 2131:Main article: 2128: 2125: 2115:, Macrovision 2107: 2104: 1986:Main article: 1983: 1980: 1955: 1952: 1925: 1924: 1918: 1912: 1906: 1900: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1881: 1875: 1872: 1866: 1860: 1854: 1848: 1837: 1836:Extra features 1834: 1796: 1793: 1757: 1754: 1636:Main article: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1628: 1603: 1562: 1534: 1527:First Play PGC 1509: 1506: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1482: 1479: 1418: 1401: 1388: 1347: 1346: 1345: 1333: 1320: 1254: 1245: 1219: 1216: 1198: 1195: 1163: 1162:Other features 1160: 1135: 1132: 1127: 1126: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1075: 1072: 1059: 1058: 1048: 1030: 1029: 1019: 1009: 999: 988: 987: 972: 971: 961: 951: 941: 919: 918: 856: 853: 771: 770: 768: 767: 760: 753: 745: 742: 741: 738: 737: 732: 726: 723: 722: 719: 718: 715: 714: 713: 712: 707: 700: 699: 698: 693: 688: 682: 677: 664: 659: 658: 657: 651: 632: 629: 628: 625: 624: 621: 620: 613: 606: 598: 591: 584: 577: 570: 563: 556: 549: 542: 526: 519: 507: 500: 493: 486: 479: 460: 453: 446: 439: 432: 425: 418: 413:, 4K Blu-ray ( 396:Blu-ray Disc ( 393: 326: 280:5.1 Music Disc 257:Compact disc ( 253: 250: 249: 246: 245: 242: 241: 236: 235: 234: 232:Packet writing 229: 219: 214: 209: 204: 198: 195: 194: 191: 190: 182: 181: 171: 170: 135: 131: 130: 120: 112: 111: 102: 94: 93: 90: 86: 85: 80: 72: 71: 68: 62: 61: 58: 54: 53: 48: 44: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4667: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4640:Audio storage 4638: 4636: 4635:Video storage 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4599: 4596: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4577: 4566: 4563: 4560: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4542: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4474: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4433: 4430: 4426: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4403: 4396: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4377: 4374: 4371: 4368: 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3848: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3804: 3799: 3797: 3792: 3790: 3785: 3784: 3781: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3766: 3750: 3746: 3739: 3736: 3731: 3725: 3722: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3695: 3692: 3679: 3675: 3669: 3666: 3653: 3647: 3644: 3632: 3631: 3626: 3619: 3616: 3604: 3600: 3593: 3590: 3577: 3573: 3567: 3564: 3552: 3551: 3546: 3539: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3521: 3518: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3491: 3488: 3475: 3471: 3465: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3451: 3446: 3443: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3421:"Subpictures" 3416: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3398: 3394: 3384: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3370: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3345: 3341: 3335: 3332: 3328: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3311: 3309: 3305: 3293: 3290:Mediachance. 3286: 3283: 3271: 3264: 3261: 3249: 3242: 3239: 3226: 3222: 3215: 3212: 3199: 3195: 3188: 3185: 3172: 3168: 3161: 3158: 3145: 3141: 3134: 3131: 3119: 3112: 3109: 3097: 3091: 3088: 3076: 3070: 3067: 3055: 3049: 3046: 3033: 3029: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3006: 3001: 2998: 2985: 2981: 2977: 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Retrieved 2684:the original 2679: 2630: 2617: 2543: 2522: 2516: 2514: 2498: 2479: 2449: 2442: 2387: 2368: 2344: 2332:flash memory 2281: 2278:DVD recorder 2259: 2253: 2238: 2230: 2224:video, with 2215: 2203: 2199: 2190: 2179: 2171: 2168: 2151:Region codes 2136: 2109: 2106:Anti-ripping 2100:region codes 2088:MacTheRipper 2073: 2058: 2022: 2015: 1991: 1968:region codes 1957: 1954:Restrictions 1940: 1933: 1926: 1885:music scores 1839: 1811: 1805: 1798: 1786: 1765: 1759: 1717: 1660: 1656: 1641: 1625:VTS_zz_0.VOB 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1605: 1588:VTS_zz_x.VOB 1584:VTS_zz_x.BUP 1580:VTS_zz_x.IFO 1573: 1569: 1565: 1564: 1560:VIDEO_TS.VOB 1556:VIDEO_TS.BUP 1552:VIDEO_TS.IFO 1545: 1541: 1537: 1536: 1531:VIDEO_TS.IFO 1521: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1494: 1486: 1476:VTS_99_9.VOB 1436:VTS_zz_1.VOB 1422:VTS_01_1.VOB 1420: 1405:VTS_01_0.VOB 1403: 1398:VTS_01_0.IFO 1392:VTS_01_0.BUP 1390: 1375:file (where 1373:VTS_zz_0.IFO 1367:VTS_01_0.IFO 1365: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1349: 1335: 1330:VIDEO_TS.IFO 1324:VIDEO_TS.BUP 1322: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1274:VIDEO_TS.IFO 1272: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1256: 1247: 1234: 1221: 1202: 1200: 1192: 1180: 1165: 1149: 1141: 1137: 1128: 1123:7.1 channels 1077: 1068: 1060: 1050: 1036: 1031: 1021: 1011: 1001: 991: 963: 953: 943: 938:aspect ratio 922: 885: 858: 842: 783: 782: 615: 608: 600: 593: 588:Hyper CD-ROM 586: 579: 572: 565: 558: 551: 544: 528: 521: 509: 502: 495: 488: 481: 462: 455: 448: 441: 434: 427: 420: 395: 378: 328: 290:, CD Video ( 256: 202:Optical disc 51:Optical disc 29: 4545:Solid state 4383: 2006 4287: 1996 4197:Phonovision 4155:D6 HDTV VTR 3895:Philips VCR 2858:October 16, 2799:Audioholics 2393:Panasonic Q 2371:motherboard 2211:home cinema 2194:Australasia 2140:grey market 2096:Macrovision 2065:WIPO Treaty 2025:open source 1960:Macrovision 1909:radio spots 1897:film shorts 1878:storyboards 1851:documentary 1830:storyboards 1644:multiplexed 1621:enu (VTSM): 1481:… etc. 1197:File system 1041:progressive 879:with 4:2:0 529:LaserDisc ( 4630:Home video 4614:Categories 4082:Betacam SX 3991:Betacam SP 3955:Video 2000 3835:Quadruplex 3268:Matroska. 3246:MPUCoder. 2990:October 7, 2749:August 21, 2690:August 20, 2650:MPEG.org, 2610:References 2501:format war 2474:See also: 2389:Video game 2375:video card 2274:DVD player 2188:industry. 2186:video game 2092:DVD Shrink 1857:interviews 1807:Snow White 1766:subpicture 1745:See also: 1703:files are 1251:directory: 1238:directory: 1209:1.02) and 1203:UDF bridge 1110:Linear PCM 1074:Audio data 935:widescreen 931:fullscreen 896:interlaced 855:Video data 831:, and the 685:Rock Ridge 654:Mount Fuji 510:MiniDisc ( 477:HD DVD-RAM 407:Blu-ray 3D 161:1997-03-26 144:1996-11-01 47:Media type 4586:Kinescope 4516:AVC-Intra 4483:CamCutter 4466:DVCPRO HD 4233:Laserfilm 4215:LaserDisc 4182:Videodisc 4119:Sony HDVS 3818:Videotape 3597:ID, FCC. 2980:apple.com 2739:E! Online 2634:DVD FLLC 2530:content. 2490:DVD Forum 2357:.) 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2379:PowerDVD 2245:bytecode 2145:fair use 2117:RipGuard 2049:Videolan 2003:PowerDVD 1948:Superbit 1929:bloopers 1903:TV spots 1869:outtakes 1762:subtitle 1721:can use 1594:is from 1474:file is 1440:VTS_zz_x 1379:is from 1249:VIDEO_TS 1236:AUDIO_TS 1211:ISO 9660 1156:Superbit 1082:(AC-3), 1064:pulldown 1024:pixels ( 1014:pixels ( 1004:pixels ( 994:pixels ( 981:525-line 966:pixels ( 956:pixels ( 946:pixels ( 933:or 16:9 925:pixels ( 908:625-line 833:bit rate 814:such as 724:See also 670:ISO 9660 617:DataPlay 469:HD DVD-R 355:DVD+R DS 351:DVD-R DS 347:DVD+R DL 343:DVD-R DL 288:Photo CD 134:Released 115:Extended 109:Video CD 97:Extended 66:Standard 57:Capacity 4594:(1950s) 4565:MicroP2 4486:Editcam 4428:Virtual 4280:MiniDVD 4268:MovieCD 4255:Digital 4100:MicroMV 4032:Digital 4009:S-VHS-C 3979:Betacam 3913:Betamax 3883:U-matic 3865:CV-2000 3714:May 16, 3684:May 16, 3582:July 7, 3556:July 9, 2836:June 2, 2804:June 2, 2604:VR mode 2486:Blu-ray 2373:or the 2282:Modern 2121:Riplock 2029:patents 1995:MPlayer 1966:(CSS), 1822:erotica 1663:ject). 1508:Domains 1504:files. 1183:CD-ROMs 820:Disney+ 816:Netflix 808:Blu-ray 391:MiniDVD 387:EcoDisc 367:DVD-RAM 324:Mini CD 308:CD-Text 196:General 159: ( 142: ( 127:Blu-ray 4600:(1967) 4588:(1947) 4567:(2012) 4561:(2007) 4555:(2004) 4536:(2012) 4530:(2009) 4528:iFrame 4524:(2007) 4518:(2006) 4512:(2006) 4506:(2005) 4500:(2004) 4498:GBA-TV 4494:(2003) 4488:(1995) 4468:(2000) 4462:(1997) 4456:(1996) 4450:(1995) 4448:DVCPRO 4444:(1995) 4416:(2016) 4397:(2008) 4391:(2007) 4376:MiniBD 4372:(2006) 4366:(2006) 4364:HD DVD 4360:(2006) 4354:(2004) 4348:(2003) 4342:(1994) 4325:(2005) 4319:(2004) 4313:(2003) 4307:(2003) 4301:(1998) 4295:(1998) 4276:(1996) 4270:(1996) 4264:(1993) 4247:(1990) 4241:(1987) 4235:(1984) 4229:(1983) 4223:(1981) 4217:(1978) 4211:(1975) 4205:(1967) 4199:(1927) 4190:Analog 4169:(2003) 4163:(2003) 4157:(2000) 4151:(1998) 4145:(1997) 4139:(1994) 4133:(1992) 4127:(1984) 4121:(1984) 4102:(2001) 4096:(2000) 4090:(1999) 4084:(1996) 4078:(1995) 4072:(1994) 4066:(1993) 4060:(1992) 4054:(1991) 4048:(1988) 4042:(1986) 4023:(1998) 4017:(1989) 4011:(1987) 4005:(1987) 3999:(1986) 3993:(1986) 3987:(1985) 3985:Video8 3981:(1982) 3975:(1982) 3969:(1982) 3963:(1980) 3957:(1980) 3951:(1979) 3945:(1977) 3939:(1976) 3933:(1976) 3931:Type C 3927:(1976) 3925:Type B 3921:(1975) 3915:(1975) 3909:(1974) 3903:(1974) 3901:V-Cord 3897:(1972) 3891:(1972) 3885:(1971) 3879:(1969) 3877:EIAJ-1 3873:(1967) 3867:(1965) 3861:(1965) 3859:Type A 3855:(1961) 3849:(1961) 3843:(1958) 3837:(1956) 3827:Analog 3608:May 4, 3603:FCC ID 2584:DVD+VR 2579:DVD-VR 2546:HD DVD 2482:HD DVD 2452:Xinhua 2431:, and 2316:MPEG-4 2222:MPEG-1 2090:, and 2084:AnyDVD 2011:WinDVD 1970:, and 1775:bitmap 1751:DVD+VR 1747:DVD-VR 1727:DVD+VR 1723:DVD-VR 1715:file. 865:kbit/s 829:Mbit/s 824:MPEG-2 802:, and 800:Europe 687:/ SUSP 675:Joliet 540:LV-ROM 536:LD-ROM 497:GD-ROM 464:HD DVD 422:M-DISC 363:DVD+RW 359:DVD-RW 320:MIL-CD 268:CD-ROM 123:HD DVD 117: 99: 77: 4510:AVCHD 4492:XDCAM 4454:DVCAM 4149:D-VHS 4143:HDCAM 4137:W-VHS 4125:UniHi 4003:S-VHS 3967:VHS-C 3391:*.VRO 2940:(PDF) 2933:(PDF) 2830:(PDF) 2823:(PDF) 2464:Wuhan 2041:DeCSS 2018:DeCSS 1802:Queen 1659:ideo 1627:files 1623:uses 1613:itle 1609:ideo 1572:itle 1568:ideo 1540:ideo 1520:irst- 1424:file: 1407:file: 1394:file: 1369:file: 1357:itle 1353:ideo 1342:file: 1326:file: 1319:disc. 1314:itle 1310:ideo 1282:ideo 1276:file: 1260:ideo 1090:, or 1043:(CIF/ 915:SECAM 877:YCbCr 867:) or 680:Romeo 639:ATAPI 523:Hi-MD 490:VCDHD 375:DVD-A 371:DVD-D 339:DVD+R 335:DVD-R 276:CD-RW 264:CD-DA 150:Japan 89:Usage 4534:XAVC 4299:SVCD 4021:Ruvi 3871:Akai 3841:VERA 3757:2014 3716:2007 3686:2007 3660:2006 3638:2010 3610:2024 3584:2007 3558:2007 3512:2008 3482:2008 3437:2021 3352:2011 3299:2011 3277:2011 3255:2011 3233:2011 3206:2011 3179:2011 3152:2011 3125:2011 3103:2011 3082:2011 3061:2011 3040:2011 2992:2015 2962:link 2948:2014 2860:2011 2838:2013 2806:2013 2751:2019 2720:2006 2692:2019 2534:CBHD 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