632:
911:. This drew attention to the trial and the judicial irregularities that had occurred during the interrogations that preceded the trial. But, before the United States Senate took an interest in this case, most of the death sentences had been commuted, because of a revision of the trial carried out by the US Army. The other life sentences were commuted within the next few years. With the exception of one person who died in prison, all of those convicted in the
922:, Belgium. The defendants were 10 members of Kampfgruppe Peiper; American troops had captured them on December 22, 1944, near the spot where one of the massacres of civilians in Stavelot had occurred. One man was discharged; the others were found guilty. Most of the convicts were sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment; two officers were sentenced to 12 and 15 years.
42:
96:
The Nazi war criminals were held and tried at the Dachau concentration camp since the camp had buildings adequate to housing the many personnel required for and involved in the legal proceedings of a war-crimes trial, and since the Dachau prison camp had many jail cells in which to hold the
204:
in August 1945. The mass trials started in
November 1945 and were adjourned the following month. By December 13, 1947 when the trials adjourned once more, roughly 1200 defendants had been tried with roughly a 73% conviction rate. During the almost three years in total, the American
1289:. United States Senate Eighty-first Congress, first session, pursuant to S. res. 42, Investigation of action of Army with Respect to Trial of Persons Responsible for the Massacre of American Soldiers, Battle of the Bulge, near Malmedy, Belgium, December 1944. 13 October 1949.
168:
The charges to be carried out by the United States
Military were against Germans such as camp guards, some SS units and medical personnel, who had taken part in war crimes against allied nationals. The Dachau trials consisted of 465 trials of individuals from not only the
308:
camp trial: 52 officials and guards of this camp were tried between 12 June 1946 and 19 January 1947. Of the defendants, 15 were sentenced to death and 25 to terms of imprisonment. However, one of those who received a prison sentence in the main
Flossenbürg trial,
290:. Smaller groups of Dachau camp officials and guards were included in several subsequent trials by the U.S. court. On 21 November 1946 it was announced that, up to that date, 116 defendants of this category had been convicted and sentenced to terms of imprisonment.
209:
tried 1,672 German alleged war criminals in 489 separate proceedings. In total 1,416 former members of the Nazi regime were convicted; of these, 297 received death sentences and 279 were sentenced to life in prison. All convicted prisoners were sent to
1640:
2908:
81:, and the prosecutions of military personnel and civilian persons who committed war crimes against the American military and American citizens. The war-crime trials were held within the compound of the former
2935:
1226:"A Booklet with a Brief History of the "Dora"–Nordhausen Labor–Concentration Camps and Information on the NORDHAUSEN War Crimes Case of The United States of America versus Arthur Kurt Andrae et al"
1133:
193:
and consisted of four main categories of charges: main camp offense, subsidiary camp offenses, atrocities against downed fliers, and then a catchall category mainly consisting of details about the
297:: 61 officials of this camp were tried by a U.S. military court at Dachau in March/April, 1946; 58 defendants were sentenced to death on 11 May 1946. Those executed included the commandant of the
2570:
2960:
2605:
86:
282:: 40 officials were tried; 36 of the defendants were sentenced to death on 13 December 1945. Of these, 28 were hanged on 28 May and 29 May 1946, including the former commandant
787:
949:
identified Peiper's presence and residence in Traves, and he received threats of death. In the early morning of 14 July 1976, Peiper's house was set afire, and killed him.
2736:
1612:
1718:
937:, and used the information to denounce the presence of a Nazi war criminal living in France. In June 1976, there appeared political flyers denouncing the presence of
2321:
1158:
848:(1942–1943). Again acquitted due to lack of evidence on 20 March 1979, after what became the longest and most expensive criminal trial in German history. Died 2000.
2940:
1723:
1635:
1215:
Source: History of the United
Nations War Crimes Commission and the Development of the Laws of War. United Nations War Crimes Commission. London: HMSO, 1948
891:
After the verdicts, the manner in which the court had functioned was disputed, first in
Germany (by former Nazi officials who had regained some power due to
2639:
2463:
258:
178:
2600:
1527:
1823:
1328:
2674:
2123:
3022:
2543:
2271:
1666:
1617:
1435:
153:. They were held by the American Military Tribunal, without a jury, but instead by a panel of seven men, one of whom was versed in international
918:
A distinct case about the war crimes committed against civilians in
Stavelot was tried on July 6, 1948, in front of a Belgian military court in
1847:
613:(1942–1945). Sentenced to death in August 1947 but died of natural causes in prison on 28 September 1948, before sentence could be carried out.
190:
1389:
1364:
2227:
1645:
1485:
1407:
578:
109:
officers and soldiers accused of war crimes. The
American Military Tribunal for the war-crime trials at Dachau featured the JAG attorney
3032:
2865:
2510:
1973:
1713:
678:
514:
882:
while wearing
British and US Army uniforms and using captured Allied vehicles. Acquitted of all charges on 9 September 1947. Died 1975.
2061:
1311:
904:
478:
1225:
1842:
1587:
1102:
1857:
1793:
305:
174:
2628:
2085:
1862:
1803:
1778:
1567:
1495:
331:
camp trial: five officials were sentenced to death by a U.S. war crimes court at Dachau on 13 May 1947 and seven to imprisonment.
1706:
1701:
2523:
2336:
1798:
526:
522:
518:
113:
as the chief prosecutor, and the attorney Lt. Col. Douglas T. Bates Jr., an artillery officer, as the chief defense counsel.
2498:
933:, in eastern France. In 1976 a Communist historian obtained the file on Joachim Peiper from the Gestapo document archive in
2995:
2835:
1998:
1905:
1852:
1833:
1813:
1783:
1676:
1166:
990:
829:
610:
495:
concentration camp (1941–1943). Convicted on 11 May 1946 of killing hundreds of ill and disabled inmates by administering
324:: between April and August, 1947, 31 defendants were found guilty. Of these 22 were sentenced to death; 9 to imprisonment.
186:
182:
1208:
2860:
2493:
2423:
2051:
1920:
1895:
1773:
1404:
United States Law and
Practice Concerning Trials of War Criminals by Military Commissions and Military Government Courts
1017:
832:
of
Mittelbau-Dora (March–April 1945). Acquitted due to insufficient evidence on 30 December 1947. Later indicted at the
809:
448:
444:
294:
1403:
1189:
3042:
3027:
2928:
2774:
2698:
1910:
1867:
1828:
1728:
1562:
1428:
1056:
845:
138:
2020:
30:
This article is about the 1945–1947 series of trials held in Germany. For the 1947–1949 trials held in Slovenia, see
2900:
2779:
2749:
2668:
2585:
2418:
2056:
1954:
1915:
1872:
1808:
1681:
1557:
1045:
1006:
934:
720:
700:
686:
624:
440:
421:(1938–1940). Condemned to death on 13 May 1946 for his involvement in the establishment and administration of the
3093:
2538:
2353:
1900:
1877:
1788:
1650:
1502:
1490:
1477:
981:
817:
704:
660:
620:
596:
170:
142:
82:
50:
1243:
631:
3017:
2972:
2518:
1837:
1818:
1765:
1749:
1696:
1691:
1602:
1592:
1582:
1534:
1517:
1507:
1472:
1467:
1462:
867:
254:
31:
2443:
2298:
149:
concentration camps and it would act as a backdrop for the trials by underlining the moral corruption of the
3010:
3000:
2726:
2280:
2077:
2008:
1686:
1671:
1597:
1577:
1572:
1552:
1522:
1512:
841:
715:
committed during his first command at Dachau, which included the initial construction and use of the camp's
712:
130:
78:
74:
2232:
3088:
2721:
2488:
1967:
1545:
1539:
1421:
939:
930:
912:
855:
799:
696:
692:
582:
385:
283:
230:
134:
3098:
2955:
2580:
2533:
2197:
1948:
726:
454:
447:(February–April 1945). Sentenced to death on 13 December 1945 for crimes committed during his tenure at
158:
2918:
2855:
2784:
2438:
2222:
2113:
2091:
1986:
1981:
1962:
1032:
958:
908:
875:
734:
588:
458:
398:
377:
2141:
3005:
2913:
2759:
2346:
2131:
863:
813:
779:
708:
674:
566:
562:
410:
328:
226:
737:. Sentenced to death for the illegal executions of 7 American airmen. Executed on 22 October 1948.
2385:
2380:
1887:
915:
were released during the 1950s, the last one to leave prison being Hubert Huber in January 1957.
859:
767:
581:
which concluded that improper pre-trial procedures by U.S. authorities had unfairly affected the
540:
246:
206:
592:
536:
510:
488:
481:
by issuing orders to capture and shoot parachuting U.S. aircrewmen. Executed on 5 November 1948.
432:
2990:
2850:
2681:
2595:
2562:
2476:
2293:
2259:
1385:
1360:
1307:
1301:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1001:
986:
751:
664:
652:
574:
470:
428:
406:
381:
279:
225:
Two of the most highly publicized trials concerned the activities of German forces during the
215:
54:
35:
895:
positions with the occupation forces), then later in the United States, including by Senator
2967:
2945:
2764:
2754:
2483:
2471:
2453:
2390:
2136:
2098:
1287:
Malmedy massacre Investigation–Report of the Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services
1061:
1022:
648:
644:
570:
496:
492:
484:
422:
321:
238:
211:
194:
122:
1118:
945:
477:(1933–1945). Sentenced to death on 2 April 1947 in the airmen's trial for violation of the
3037:
2877:
2870:
2687:
2590:
2448:
2428:
2341:
2177:
1212:
1193:
1051:
1011:
993:
personnel, held in Poland and in Germany. The cases were decided almost twenty years apart
963:
907:, which made no decision. The case then came under the scrutiny of a sub-committee of the
896:
879:
871:
833:
782:. Subsequently indicted by U.S. authorities in August 1947 for his alleged involvement in
616:
466:
414:
394:
388:
314:
310:
287:
266:
90:
49:
Friedrich Wetzel, who was the officer in charge of distributing food and clothing in the
141:
that were also conducted solely by the United States. All the hearings were held within
17:
2950:
2845:
2744:
2715:
2407:
2371:
2331:
2326:
2151:
2036:
1943:
926:
892:
821:
759:
602:
558:
544:
436:
201:
110:
3082:
2840:
2769:
2660:
2528:
2358:
2315:
2161:
2146:
1444:
1037:
968:
943:
Joachim Peiper in the village of Traves. Later, a newsmagazine article the left-wing
851:
837:
747:
670:
636:
606:
532:
506:
418:
359:
242:
3052:
2202:
2187:
2182:
2156:
2109:
2041:
2003:
1753:
973:
775:
771:
682:
623:(1942–1945). Sentenced to death on 13 December 1945 for his involvement in medical
551:
of camp inmates. Executed on 26 November 1948. The only defendant of the 19 in the
154:
150:
70:
1354:
1303:
Fatal Crossroads: The Untold Story of the Malmedy Massacre at the Battle of Bulge
3058:
2575:
2192:
2046:
1026:
716:
474:
368:
162:
129:
that prosecuted the major Nazi war criminals under the jurisdiction of the four
41:
547:(1944–1945). Condemned to death on 30 December 1947 for his involvement in the
380:(1933–1945). Sentenced to death on 11 December 1945 for his involvement in the
3047:
2882:
2655:
2433:
1356:
Himmlers Krieger: Joachim Peiper und die Waffen-SS in Krieg und Nachkriegszeit
1205:
996:
825:
803:
783:
755:
730:
552:
363:
346:
343:
335:
262:
137:
between August 1945 and December 1947. The proceedings were similar to the 12
824:
concentration camps. Indicted by US authorities in August 1947 for suspected
2887:
2693:
1186:
763:
462:
402:
373:
234:
126:
105:
99:
2548:
663:. Condemned to death by Polish authorities on 23 July 1951 and executed in
565:
and commander of the 1st SS-Panzerregiment/"Kampfgruppe Peiper" during the
342:(one was executed). The trial also addressed the question of liability of
866:. Indicted by U.S. authorities in August 1947 for allegedly violating the
2413:
2213:
919:
1253:. National Archives and Records Service. April 27, 1945 – June 11, 1958
795:
548:
500:
250:
219:
1359:(in German). Verlag Ferd.Schâoeâcningh GmbH & Co KG. p. 430.
1159:"Prosecution closing statement – American Military Tribunal at Dachau"
1014:, the longest Nazi war crimes trial in history, spanning over 30 years
577:
and later to time served, following an investigation conducted by the
2923:
1196:
in the General Military Government Court of the U.S. Zone of Germany.
977:
900:
656:
1244:"United States of America v. Kurt Andrae et al. (and Related Cases)"
1251:
United States Army Investigation and Trial Records of War Criminals
806:. Acquitted due to lack of evidence on 30 December 1947. Died 1966.
681:
system (1941–1945). Oversaw the establishment and operation of the
313:, was later extradited to Poland. He was sentenced to death in the
2288:
1329:"Ardennenoffensive: 80 GIs wurden von der SS bei Malmedy ermordet"
1041:
630:
298:
707:(1942–1943 and April 1945). Also commanded the satellite-camp of
635:
Jürgen Stroop (center, in field cap) with his men in the burning
1413:
689:. Sentenced to death on 13 May 1946 and executed on 28 May 1947.
529:. Condemned to death on 11 May 1946 and executed on 28 May 1947.
339:
146:
2805:
2626:
2257:
1747:
1417:
157:. The prosecution was different from most trials, in that the
517:(1940–1945). Served as commandant of the satellite-camps of
241:
during the attack. In another trial, former German commando
844:
perpetrated during his service as a medical officer in the
791:
1134:"Zweiter Weltkrieg – Philipps-Universität Marburg – ICWC"
569:. Sentenced to death on 16 July 1946 for his role in the
34:. For the first trial against Dachau camp officials, see
980:
District Court in the mid-1960s, of eight SS-men of the
711:(1944–1945). Sentenced to death on 13 December 1945 for
338:: On 7 August 1947 it convicted 15 former SS guards and
1089:
Justice At Dachau: The Trials Of An American Prosecutor
878:
in which German troops infiltrated Allied lines in the
828:
committed during his service as chief physician of the
651:. Sentenced to death on 21 March 1947 for ordering the
1275:. Huntsville: Christopher Kaylor Company. p. 150.
723:
conducted using camp inmates. Executed on 29 May 1946.
685:
in the Mauthausen main camp and the satellite camp of
1382:
Joachim Peiper: A Biography of Himmler's SS Commander
237:
were found guilty of summarily executing 84 American
439:
concentration camp (1943–1945) and commander of the
133:, the Dachau tribunals were held exclusively by the
2983:
2899:
2828:
2735:
2707:
2648:
2561:
2509:
2462:
2399:
2369:
2307:
2279:
2270:
2211:
2170:
2122:
2108:
2070:
2029:
1929:
1886:
1764:
1659:
1628:
1455:
145:because it was, at the time, the best known of the
1306:(paperback ed.). Da Capo Press. p. 239.
1273:American in Exile, An: The Story of Arthur Rudolph
1086:
2581:Civilians targeted during anti-partisan warfare
752:Reich Ministry for Armaments and War Production
655:of captured Allied airmen. Later extradited to
391:on 24 March 1945. Executed on 4 December 1946.
2941:Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law
1429:
1119:"High Commissioner Dialogue with Ben Ferencz"
1080:
1078:
8:
425:concentration camp. Executed on 28 May 1947.
2640:List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust
802:for the catastrophic working conditions at
179:Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp complex
2825:
2802:
2645:
2623:
2276:
2267:
2254:
2119:
1761:
1744:
1452:
1436:
1422:
1414:
515:Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp system
69:, handled the prosecution of almost every
599:(1940–1942). Executed on 22 October 1948.
1025:of the 23 most important leaders of the
786:at Mittelbau-Dora, including the use of
619:: Former civilian medical specialist at
585:. Released from prison in December 1956.
573:. Sentence was subsequently commuted to
85:by military tribunals authorized by the
40:
1074:
73:captured in the U.S. military zones in
1327:Kellerhoff, Sven Felix (2014-12-17).
1187:The trial of Otto Skorzeny and others
161:was on the defense. The term used by
7:
2228:Reich Association of Jews in Germany
1408:United Nations War Crimes Commission
1300:Parker, Danny S. (August 13, 2013).
703:. Served twice as commandant of the
579:U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee
3033:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
679:Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp
659:to stand trial for his role in the
191:Mühldorf concentration camp complex
1044:, Germany in 1965, concerning the
905:Supreme Court of the United States
750:: Former senior official with the
218:to serve their sentences or to be
25:
770:in May 1945 and later brought to
2596:Polish leaders and intellectuals
2086:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
870:stemming from his leadership of
778:and employed under the terms of
754:(1942–1945) and director of the
701:Dachau concentration camp system
661:liquidation of the Warsaw ghetto
27:Series of WWII war crimes trials
1353:Westemeier, Jens (2013-12-11).
772:Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
733:. Responsible for ordering the
625:experimentation on camp inmates
2524:Attack on the twentieth convoy
2337:1941 pogroms in eastern Poland
1121:. UN Human Rights. 2018-08-07.
1093:. New York: Broadway. p.
762:(1944–1945), where he oversaw
758:munitions facility located in
175:Flossenbürg concentration camp
1:
1206:Some Noteworthy War Criminals
925:Towards the end of his life,
840:in November 1975 for alleged
611:Buchenwald concentration camp
491:and chief medical officer of
435:and former commandant of the
187:Buchenwald concentration camp
183:Nordhausen concentration camp
123:international military trials
2861:Jewish war conspiracy theory
2052:Extermination through labour
1165:. 2009-09-09. Archived from
1018:Mauthausen-Gusen camp trials
887:Post–war political aftermath
766:production. Arrested by the
729:: Former SS police chief of
555:to receive a death sentence.
200:The first trial was that of
3043:Righteous Among the Nations
1729:Righteous Among the Nations
1057:Subsequent Nuremberg trials
846:Majdanek concentration camp
816:and medical officer in the
677:and medical officer in the
249:, were found not guilty of
245:and nine officers from the
3115:
2780:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
2750:Lithuanian Security Police
2669:Reich Security Main Office
1636:Evidence and documentation
1046:Sobibor extermination camp
1007:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
991:Chełmno extermination camp
667:in Warsaw on 6 March 1952.
627:. Executed on 28 May 1946.
503:. Executed on 28 May 1947.
451:. Executed on 28 May 1946.
259:American military uniforms
251:breaching the rules of war
139:post-1946 Nuremberg trials
29:
2996:Books and other resources
2824:
2801:
2635:
2622:
2266:
2253:
1760:
1743:
1528:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
1451:
1384:. Schiffer Publications.
1380:Westemeier, Jens (2007).
1271:Franklin, Thomas (1987).
982:Belzec extermination camp
836:by the District Court of
790:, collaboration with the
621:Dachau concentration camp
597:Dachau concentration camp
499:of the chemical compound
171:Dachau concentration camp
83:Dachau concentration camp
51:Dachau concentration camp
2586:People with disabilities
2519:Aid and Rescue Committee
1192:October 2, 2008, at the
868:Hague Convention of 1907
255:Hague Convention of 1907
67:Dachau Military Tribunal
32:Dachau trials (Slovenia)
18:Dachau Military Tribunal
2727:Order Police battalions
1085:Greene, Joshua (2003).
842:crimes against humanity
541:protective custody camp
317:, and executed in 1948.
212:War Criminals Prison #1
131:Allied Occupying Powers
79:Allied-occupied Austria
75:Allied-occupied Germany
53:, testifies during the
2576:Soviet urban residents
1667:International response
1641:Contemporary knowledge
1163:www.scrapbookpages.com
1064:in Düsseldorf, Germany
940:SS-Obersturmbannführer
913:Malmedy massacre trial
748:Georg Johannes Rickhey
693:Martin Gottfried Weiss
640:
295:Mauthausen camp trials
284:Martin Gottfried Weiss
231:Malmedy massacre trial
135:United States military
87:Judge Advocate General
58:
3023:Memorials and museums
2961:Reparations Agreement
2956:Holocaust restitution
2534:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
2057:Human experimentation
1896:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
860:SS-Panzer Brigade 150
721:human experimentation
634:
539:and commander of the
455:Friedrich Hildebrandt
441:Dachau satellite-camp
336:Dora-Nordhausen Trial
322:Buchenwald camp trial
229:in late 1944. In the
44:
2223:Jewish Ghetto Police
2092:Politische Abteilung
1987:Risiera di San Sabba
1848:Natzweiler-Struthof
1069:Notes and references
959:Adolf Eichmann trial
909:United States Senate
876:false flag operation
834:Third Majdanek trial
742:Acquitted defendants
589:Alexander Piorkowski
299:SS-Totenkopfverbände
286:and the camp doctor
273:The war-crime trials
233:, 73 members of the
165:was "quick trials".
65:, also known as the
3001:Days of remembrance
2914:Holocaust survivors
2909:Depopulated shtetls
2760:Rollkommando Hamann
2606:Jehovah's Witnesses
2424:Kamianets-Podilskyi
1486:Bohemia and Moravia
931:Traves, Haute-Saône
864:Battle of the Bulge
856:Obersturmbannführer
830:Nordhausen sub-camp
780:Operation Paperclip
697:Obersturmbannführer
567:Battle of the Bulge
411:Reichsgau Oberdonau
227:Battle of the Bulge
2984:History and memory
2888:Forced euthanasia
2836:Nazi racial policy
2539:Danish underground
2386:Operation Reinhard
2381:Wannsee Conference
1211:2005-12-13 at the
1138:www.uni-marburg.de
768:United States Army
641:
609:and commandant of
595:and commandant of
376:and member of the
280:Dachau camp trials
247:Panzer Brigade 150
207:military tribunals
59:
47:SS-Sturmbannführer
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3067:
2919:Sh'erit ha-Pletah
2866:Jewish emigration
2856:Hitler's prophecy
2851:Haavara Agreement
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2785:Ypatingasis būrys
2682:Sicherheitsdienst
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2557:
2556:
2477:Bielski partisans
2249:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2080:Totenkopfverbände
1739:
1738:
1391:978-0-7643-2659-2
1366:978-3-506-77241-1
1033:Ravensbrück trial
1002:Euthanasia trials
858:and commander of
735:Liepāja massacres
653:summary execution
575:life imprisonment
497:lethal injections
479:Hague Conventions
471:Reichsstatthalter
459:Obergruppenführer
407:Reichsstatthalter
399:Obergruppenführer
382:summary execution
216:Landsberg am Lech
55:Dachau camp trial
36:Dachau camp trial
16:(Redirected from
3106:
3094:Holocaust trials
2968:Holocaust denial
2946:Nuremberg trials
2936:Postwar violence
2891:
2826:
2803:
2765:Special Brigades
2755:Nederlandsche SS
2722:Police Regiments
2646:
2624:
2484:Ghetto uprisings
2472:Jewish partisans
2419:Harvest Festival
2391:Holocaust trains
2277:
2268:
2255:
2120:
2016:
1994:
1976:
1957:
1939:
1762:
1745:
1453:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1415:
1396:
1395:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1248:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1222:
1216:
1203:
1197:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1092:
1082:
1062:Treblinka trials
1023:Nuremberg trials
814:Hauptsturmführer
810:Heinrich Schmidt
705:Dachau main camp
675:Hauptsturmführer
571:Malmedy massacre
563:Standartenführer
493:Mauthausen-Gusen
485:Eduard Krebsbach
469:(1925–1945) and
423:Mauthausen-Gusen
405:(1938–1945) and
253:contrary to the
239:prisoners of war
195:Malmedy Massacre
21:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3064:
2979:
2895:
2889:
2878:Madagascar Plan
2871:Kindertransport
2820:
2819:
2789:
2731:
2703:
2688:Ordnungspolizei
2644:
2631:
2610:
2553:
2505:
2458:
2429:Maly Trostenets
2400:Mass executions
2395:
2365:
2303:
2262:
2237:
2207:
2166:
2104:
2066:
2025:
2014:
1992:
1974:
1955:
1937:
1925:
1882:
1756:
1735:
1655:
1646:Hidden children
1624:
1482:Czechoslovakia
1447:
1442:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1256:
1254:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1213:Wayback Machine
1204:
1200:
1194:Wayback Machine
1185:
1181:
1172:
1170:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1143:
1141:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1071:
1052:Stutthof trials
1012:Majdanek trials
976:before the 1st
964:Auschwitz trial
955:
899:. The case was
897:Joseph McCarthy
889:
880:Ardennes forest
872:Operation Greif
756:Mittelwerk GmbH
744:
617:Claus Schilling
593:Sturmbannführer
537:Obersturmführer
511:Obersturmführer
489:Sturmbannführer
467:Gau Mecklenburg
433:Sturmbannführer
415:Landeshauptmann
409:(1940–1945) of
395:August Eigruber
389:prisoner of war
356:
354:Death sentences
315:Auschwitz trial
311:Erich Muhsfeldt
288:Claus Schilling
275:
267:Operation Greif
159:burden of proof
119:
91:U.S. Third Army
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3112:
3110:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3081:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2973:trivialization
2965:
2964:
2963:
2953:
2951:Eichmann trial
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2846:Nuremberg Laws
2843:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2829:Early elements
2822:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2810:Early elements
2807:
2806:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2745:Arajs Kommando
2741:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2716:Einsatzgruppen
2711:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2666:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2643:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2629:Responsibility
2627:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2515:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2468:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2408:Einsatzgruppen
2403:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2377:
2375:
2372:Final Solution
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2274:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2233:Ústredňa Židov
2230:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2198:Theresienstadt
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2117:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2083:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2037:Einsatzgruppen
2033:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1843:Mittelbau-Dora
1840:
1831:
1826:
1824:Kraków-Płaszów
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1768:
1758:
1757:
1748:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1714:Rescue of Jews
1711:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1372:
1365:
1345:
1319:
1313:978-0306821523
1312:
1292:
1278:
1263:
1235:
1217:
1198:
1179:
1150:
1124:
1110:
1103:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1035:
1030:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
987:Chełmno trials
984:
971:
966:
961:
954:
951:
927:Joachim Peiper
893:anti-Communist
888:
885:
884:
883:
849:
822:Mittelbau-Dora
807:
800:responsibility
760:Mittelbau-Dora
743:
740:
739:
738:
727:Fritz Dietrich
724:
690:
668:
665:Mokotów Prison
629:
628:
614:
603:Hermann Pister
600:
586:
559:Joachim Peiper
556:
545:Mittelbau-Dora
530:
504:
482:
452:
437:Mittelbau-Dora
429:Otto Förschner
426:
392:
355:
352:
351:
350:
332:
325:
318:
302:
291:
274:
271:
202:Franz Strasser
118:
115:
111:William Denson
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3111:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3089:Dachau trials
3087:
3086:
3084:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2841:Nazi eugenics
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2770:Topf and Sons
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2737:Collaborators
2734:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2675:Referat IV B4
2673:
2672:
2671: (RSHA)
2670:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2662:Schutzstaffel
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:Organizations
2647:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2591:Romani people
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2544:Working Group
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2529:Kastner train
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2368:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2316:Kristallnacht
2313:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2099:Sanitätswesen
2096:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2062:Death marches
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1888:Extermination
1885:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:Sachsenhausen
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1804:Herzogenbusch
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1779:Bergen-Belsen
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1766:Concentration
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1702:United States
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1542:and colonies
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1445:The Holocaust
1439:
1434:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1393:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1349:
1346:
1334:
1330:
1323:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1252:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1169:on 2019-07-18
1168:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1106:
1104:0-7679-0879-1
1100:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:Sobibor trial
1036:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
992:
988:
985:
983:
979:
975:
972:
970:
969:Belsen trials
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
956:
952:
950:
948:
947:
942:
941:
936:
932:
928:
923:
921:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
886:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
852:Otto Skorzeny
850:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
808:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
746:
745:
741:
736:
732:
728:
725:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
691:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
671:Erich Wasicky
669:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
649:Gruppenführer
646:
645:Jürgen Stroop
643:
642:
638:
637:Warsaw Ghetto
633:
626:
622:
618:
615:
612:
608:
604:
601:
598:
594:
590:
587:
584:
583:trial process
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
557:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
531:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
507:Julius Ludolf
505:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
483:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
453:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
427:
424:
420:
419:Upper Austria
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
393:
390:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
370:
365:
361:
360:Richard Drauz
358:
357:
353:
348:
345:
341:
337:
333:
330:
326:
323:
319:
316:
312:
307:
303:
300:
296:
292:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:
272:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:Otto Skorzeny
240:
236:
232:
228:
223:
221:
217:
213:
208:
203:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
116:
114:
112:
108:
107:
102:
101:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
63:Dachau trials
56:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
3099:1940s trials
3053:Yizkor books
2714:
2661:
2406:
2354:in Lithuania
2314:
2212:
2097:
2090:
2079:
2013:
1991:
1972:
1953:
1936:
1719:by Catholics
1588:Soviet Union
1456:By territory
1381:
1375:
1355:
1348:
1337:. Retrieved
1332:
1322:
1302:
1295:
1286:
1281:
1272:
1266:
1255:. Retrieved
1250:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1201:
1182:
1171:. Retrieved
1167:the original
1162:
1153:
1142:. Retrieved
1137:
1127:
1113:
1088:
974:Belzec trial
944:
938:
935:East Germany
924:
917:
890:
788:forced labor
776:Dayton, Ohio
683:gas chambers
367:
257:for wearing
224:
199:
167:
155:military law
120:
104:
98:
95:
71:war criminal
66:
62:
60:
46:
3059:Never again
2890:(Action T4)
2816:Remembrance
2601:Homosexuals
2571:Soviet POWs
2499:Częstochowa
2047:Gas chamber
1858:Ravensbrück
1799:Gross-Rosen
1794:Flossenbürg
1677:Philippines
1609:Yugoslavia
1568:Netherlands
1496:Sudetenland
1335:(in German)
1140:(in German)
1029:, 1945–1946
1027:Third Reich
929:settled in
862:during the
717:gas chamber
475:Mecklenburg
369:Kreisleiter
349:scientists.
306:Flossenbürg
265:operation,
173:, but also
163:Ben Ferencz
151:Nazi regime
121:Unlike the
117:Proceedings
3083:Categories
3048:Yad Vashem
3028:Uniqueness
2883:Nisko Plan
2656:Nazi Party
2464:Resistance
2434:Ninth Fort
2299:Vel' d'Hiv
2071:Nazi units
2009:Westerbork
1999:Amersfoort
1853:Neuengamme
1834:Mauthausen
1814:Kaiserwald
1784:Buchenwald
1563:Luxembourg
1339:2022-12-17
1257:2008-05-27
1173:2019-11-25
1144:2022-10-14
1132:Kappeler.
997:Dora Trial
946:L'Humanité
838:Düsseldorf
826:war crimes
804:Mittelwerk
784:war crimes
713:atrocities
607:Oberführer
553:Dora Trial
549:executions
533:Hans Möser
523:Großraming
366:official,
364:Nazi Party
347:V-2 rocket
344:Mittelwerk
263:false flag
3006:Education
2901:Aftermath
2813:Aftermath
2775:Trawnikis
2699:Wehrmacht
2694:Waffen-SS
2494:Białystok
2322:Bucharest
2294:Marseille
2171:Elsewhere
2132:Białystok
1944:Breendonk
1921:Treblinka
1774:Auschwitz
1558:Lithuania
1048:personnel
764:V-weapons
463:Gauleiter
449:Kaufering
445:Kaufering
403:Gauleiter
378:Reichstag
374:Heilbronn
362:: Former
235:Waffen-SS
127:Nuremberg
106:Waffen-SS
100:Wehrmacht
2991:Academia
2444:Piaśnica
2414:Babi Yar
2342:Jedwabne
2281:Roundups
2214:Judenrat
2178:Budapest
1949:Mechelen
1911:Majdanek
1868:Stutthof
1829:Majdanek
1724:by Poles
1682:Portugal
1660:Response
1651:Timeline
1629:Overview
1491:Slovakia
1478:Bulgaria
1333:DIE WELT
1209:Archived
1190:Archived
1040:held in
953:See also
901:appealed
854:: Ex SS-
812:: Ex SS-
709:Mühldorf
695:: Ex SS-
687:Hartheim
673:: Ex SS-
647:: Ex SS-
605:: Ex SS-
591:: Ex SS-
561:: Ex SS-
535:: Ex SS-
509:: Ex SS-
487:: Ex SS-
457:: Ex SS-
431:: Ex SS-
397:: Ex SS-
329:Mühldorf
3018:Lessons
2454:Rumbula
2327:Dorohoi
2308:Pogroms
2260:Victims
2110:Ghettos
2042:Gas van
2030:Methods
2004:Schoorl
1982:Bolzano
1930:Transit
1916:Sobibor
1906:Chełmno
1873:Vaivara
1809:Hinzert
1754:ghettos
1707:Vatican
1613:Croatia
1603:Ukraine
1593:Belarus
1583:Romania
1535:Hungary
1518:Germany
1508:Estonia
1503:Denmark
1473:Belgium
1468:Austria
1463:Albania
989:of the
903:to the
796:Gestapo
731:Liepāja
699:in the
513:in the
501:Benzene
89:of the
77:and in
2924:Bricha
2690:(Orpo)
2563:Others
2549:Żegota
2511:Rescue
2489:Warsaw
2449:Ponary
2359:Kaunas
2162:Warsaw
2147:Lublin
2137:Kraków
2124:Poland
1968:Drancy
1901:Belzec
1878:Warsaw
1789:Dachau
1697:Turkey
1692:Sweden
1618:Serbia
1598:Russia
1578:Poland
1573:Norway
1553:Latvia
1523:Greece
1513:France
1388:
1363:
1310:
1230:Amazon
1101:
1095:400 pp
978:Munich
818:Dachau
798:, and
657:Poland
639:, 1943
386:Allied
384:of an
220:hanged
189:, and
143:Dachau
3038:Humor
3011:Films
2708:Units
2439:Odesa
2289:Izieu
2203:Vilna
2188:Minsk
2183:Kovno
2157:Radom
2021:Sereď
1838:Gusen
1819:Kauen
1750:Camps
1687:Spain
1672:Japan
1546:Libya
1540:Italy
1247:(PDF)
1042:Hagen
920:Liège
519:Loibl
340:Kapos
261:in a
2929:List
2684:(SD)
2664:(SS)
2347:Lviv
2332:Iași
2272:Jews
2193:Riga
2152:Lwów
2142:Łódź
2114:list
1963:Gurs
1836:and
1752:and
1386:ISBN
1361:ISBN
1308:ISBN
1099:ISBN
874:, a
820:and
794:and
719:and
527:Melk
525:and
413:and
334:The
327:The
320:The
304:The
293:The
278:The
147:Nazi
103:and
61:The
2078:SS-
774:in
543:at
473:of
465:of
443:of
417:of
372:of
214:at
125:in
45:Ex-
3085::
2015:sk
1993:nl
1975:it
1956:fr
1938:be
1406:.
1331:.
1249:.
1228:.
1161:.
1136:.
1097:.
1077:^
792:SS
521:,
461:,
401:,
269:.
222:.
197:.
185:,
181:,
177:,
93:.
3061:"
3057:"
2374:"
2370:"
2116:)
2112:(
1437:e
1430:t
1423:v
1410:.
1394:.
1369:.
1342:.
1316:.
1260:.
1232:.
1176:.
1147:.
1107:.
301:.
57:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
