588:
500:
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54:
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78:
1471:, attention was turned to the area of the Central Oasis where 270 new petroglyph sites were recorded. The current director of The Petroglyph Unit, Paweł Polkowski from the Archaeological Museum in Poznań, extended the area of prospection and created a map showing the distribution of more than 1,300 panels with rock art. The depictions date from the Prehistory to the Islamic period and include images of animals and people (often pregnant women), hieroglyphs, and
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514:
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climate was wetter and where humans could have access to lakes and marshes. But about 6,000 years ago, the entire Sahara became drier, changing progressively into a hyper-arid desert (with less than 50 mm of rain per year). However, specialists think that nomadic hunter-gatherers began to settle
1466:
and Hans
Alexander Winkler). The expedition created systematic documentation of both the depictions mentioned earlier in the literature and the newly discovered ones. Aerial photographs proved helpful in this work. Then, under the direction of Michał Kobusiewicz from the Institute of Archaeology and
1478:
In addition, excavations were undertaken at
Amheida and Balat under the auspices of the IFAO. In 2018, the fossilized remains of a large dinosaur were discovered here. In 2019, two ancient tombs were discovered at Ber El-Shaghala archaeological site, that date back to
707:
announced the discovery of five mud-brick tombs at Bir esh-Shaghala, dating back nearly 2000 years. Researchers also revealed worn masks gilded with gold, several large jars and a piece of pottery with unsolved ancient
Egyptian writing on it.
374:
In fact, the drier climate didn't mean that there was more water than today in what is now known as the
Western Desert. The south of the Libyan Desert has the most important supply of subterranean water in the world through the
1447:), Mut el-Kharab (ancient Mothis), Deir Abu Metta and Muzawwaqa were undertaken with the cooperation of Monash University. The DOP has also excavated at 'Ain el-Gazzareen, El Qasr el-Dakhil, Deir el Hagar and Ain Birbiyeh.
407:. About five hundred such tablets have been discovered in the governor's palace at Ayn Asil (Balat) in the Dakhla Oasis. At the time the tablets were made, Dakhla was located far from centers of
499:
2029:
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1790:
711:
Some of the tombs are completely large containing several burial chambers, while one tomb has a roof built in the shape of a pyramid and some of them with vaulted roofs.
692:
53:
1436:
and the
Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities were awarded a joint concession for part of the Oasis. In 1979, the Centre for Archaeology and Ancient History at
1875:
587:
447:) is a Roman sandstone temple on the western edge of Dakhla Oasis, about 10 km from Qasr ad-Dakhla. The Temple was erected during the reign of the Roman Emperor
1926:
2745:
1769:
1699:
1901:
1739:
1458:. At first, the studies of the petroglyphs focused on the eastern part of the oasis, where rock carvings had been documented by archaeologists already before
1765:
1455:
2340:
1537:
1443:
The DOP studies the interaction between environmental changes and human activity in the
Dakhleh Oasis. The excavations at Ismant el-Kharab (ancient
379:, and the first inhabitants of the Dakhla Oasis had access to surface water sources. In the third millennium BC the probably nomadic people of the
112:
2217:
Boozer, A. "Archaeology on Egypt's Edge: Archaeological
Research in the Dakhleh Oasis, 1819-1977" in Ancient West & East: 12: 117–156. 2013.
1432:
The
Dakhleh Oasis Project (DOP) is a long-term study project of the Dakhleh Oasis and the surrounding palaeo-oasis, initiated in 1978 when the
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676:
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1849:
513:
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77:
643:
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2226:
Giddy, L. Egyptian Oases: Bahariya, Dakhla, Farafra and Kharga during
Pharaonic Times, Warminster, Aris & Philips, 1987.
1879:
1511:, and particularly in the Dakhla Oasis. To this end, the present trustees have committed themselves to supporting the DOP.
2953:
2333:
1930:
687:, visited Dakhla Oasis and noted its monuments in some systematic manner. In the 1950s, detailed studies began, first by
1905:
1713:
629:
157:
326:. It measures approximately 80 km (50 mi) from east to west and 25 km (16 mi) from north to south.
2289:
2229:
Jackson, R. At Empire's Edge: Exploring Rome's
Egyptian Frontier, New Haven et Londres, Yale University Press, 2002.
723:(more fully Mut el-Kharab and anciently called Mothis), El-Masara, Al-Qasr, together with several smaller villages.
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1977:
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2003:
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Thurston, H. Island of the Blessed : the Secrets of Egypt's Everlasting Oasis, Toronto, Doubleday, 2003.
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Fakhry, A. The Oases of Egypt, II: Bahriyah and Farafra Oases, Le Caire, Univ. in Cairo Press, c. 2003.
679:
visited Dakhla oasis in the year 1819. He was succeeded by several other early travellers, among whom
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552:
411:
production. These tablets record inventories, name-lists, accounts, and approximately fifty letters.
2171:
719:
Dakhla Oasis consists of several communities, along a string of sub-oases. The main settlements are
547:) was built in the 12th century on the remains of a Roman fort in the NW of the Dakhla Oasis by the
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404:
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268:
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Fakhry, A. The Oases of Egypt, I : Siwa Oasis, Le Caire, Amer. Univ. in Cairo Press.
2244:
Les oasis d'Égypte à l'époque grecque, romaine et byzantine, d'après les documents grecs
2901:
2876:
2526:
2521:
2063:
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and the Dakhleh Oasis Project (see below) each began detailed studies in the oasis.
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2551:
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1459:
688:
1454:, then director of the Archaeological Museum in Poznań, under the auspices of the
1740:"2,000-year-old Roman tombs, artifacts and inscribed pottery discovered in Egypt"
350:
The first contacts between the pharaonic power and the oases started around 2550
2754:
2707:
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2318:
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476:
392:
355:
334:
The Arabic (singular) word واحة means a green spot in the desert or in a barren
2261:
2256:
2150:
1495:
in Britain. Its declared aim is to advance understanding of the history of the
2943:
2921:
2916:
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2587:
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1504:
720:
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127:
114:
17:
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2632:
2546:
2496:
2445:
452:
208:
201:
2139:"Near-perfect fossils of Egyptian dinosaur discovered in the Sahara desert"
1826:
1599:
2795:
2622:
2612:
2516:
2501:
2435:
2430:
2420:
2405:
1450:
In 1985, the Petroglyph Unit of the Dakhleh Oasis Project was created by
460:
396:
371:(about 12,000 years ago), during new, but rare episodes of wetter times.
368:
2723:
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2531:
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2400:
1955:
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buildings contain blocks of stone with hieroglyphics from the ancient
2815:
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2712:
2687:
2647:
2592:
2506:
2415:
2410:
2246:, Le Caire, Recherches de papyrologie et d'épigraphie grecques, 1987.
1825:. Society for the Study of Egyption Antiquities. 2006. Archived from
1508:
1444:
472:
400:
363:
323:
213:
1981:
2007:
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98:
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in 1873–1874. It was not until 1908 that the first Egyptologist,
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2511:
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367:
almost permanently in the oasis of Dakhleh in the period of the
315:
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2727:
2322:
1456:
Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw
2111:
1856:. Vol. 57, no. 5. Aramco Services Company. p. 7
468:
2281:
280:
58:
View to Dakhla Oasis' old town, taken by Vyacheslav Argenberg
506:
Roman emperor as pharaoh making offerings to Isis and Osiris
463:. The temple was dedicated to the Theban triad, composed of
567:. The three-storey, 21-meter-high minaret is dated 924 CE.
2172:"Two Ancient Tombs from the Roman Era Discovered in Egypt"
2089:
1850:"Before the Mummies: The Desert Origins of the Pharaohs"
1562:
Scribes and craftsmen: the noble art of writing on clay.
1540:. Monash University. September 24, 2010. Archived from
1878:. Monash University. November 12, 2010. Archived from
1675:"Photos: 2,000-Year-Old Tombs Found in Egyptian Oasis"
399:
script was sometimes incised into clay tablets with a
1929:. Monash University. November 5, 2010. Archived from
1904:. Monash University. December 9, 2010. Archived from
427:
354:. The human history of this oasis started during the
272:
2575:
2469:
2388:
2357:
2237:
The Western Desert of Egypt: an explorer's handbook
362:tribes settled sometimes there, in a time when the
224:
207:
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189:
184:
176:
168:
163:
151:
143:
34:
2112:"IFAO - Institut français d'archéologie orientale"
2030:"Annual Report 2008, Ain Birbiyeh Temple Project"
1538:"Dakleh Oasis Projects, Arts, Monash University"
1770:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1714:"2,000-year-old Roman tombs uncovered in Egypt"
551:kings. Many of the up to four-storey mud brick
1673:August 2017, Owen Jarus 24 (August 24, 2017).
1491:The Dakhleh Trust was formed in 1999 and is a
2852:
2739:
2334:
1927:"Deir Abu Metta and Muzawwaqa, Dakhleh Oasis"
1902:"Excavations at Mut el-Kharab, Dakhleh Oasis"
8:
2110:l'IFAO, Cellule Web de (February 23, 2024).
691:, and in the late 1970s, expeditions of the
1698:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2975:Populated places in New Valley Governorate
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2845:
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2724:
2341:
2327:
2319:
1571:Feb 29, 2012; UCL Institute of Archaeology
749:
520:Graffiti of Sarapammon with ram and baboon
31:
693:Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale
703:In August 2017, archaeologists from the
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1520:
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481:
223:
206:
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70:
62:
50:
2137:El-Said, Mohammed (January 29, 2018).
1691:
1580:Posener-Kriéger 1992; Pantalacci 1998.
1420:Source 2: Arab Meteorology Book (sun)
314:, 350 km (220 mi.) from the
289:
29:Oasis in New Valley Governorate, Egypt
2058:
2056:
2006:. Dakhleh Trust. 2005. Archived from
1980:. Dakhleh Trust. 2005. Archived from
1954:. Dakhleh Trust. 2005. Archived from
196:
188:
175:
167:
150:
7:
2257:IFAO Page for Balat Site Excavations
84:
2035:. Monash University. Archived from
1440:began to cooperate in the project.
451:, and decorated during the time of
180:1,500 km (600 sq mi)
172:2,000 km (800 sq mi)
1876:"Ismant el-Kharab, ancient Kellis"
1766:"Dakhla Climate Normals 1961–1990"
25:
1791:"Appendix I: Meteorological Data"
1652:"Qasr Dakhla, Egyptian Monuments"
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479:, the main deity of the region.
83:
76:
52:
580:General view of Qasr el-Dakhla
531:The fortified Islamic town of
1:
1589:Parkinson and Quirke 1995:20.
737:Köppen climate classification
650:Inside the Nasr el-Din mosque
563:temple of the nearby site of
2239:, AUC Press, le Caire, 2000.
2090:"NYU Excavations at Amheida"
291:[elwæ'ħæ:tedˈdæ:xlæ]
281:
228:'Ain Basil (Balat) (c. 2500
1823:"SSEA Dakleh Oasis Project"
1226:Average precipitation days
1012:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
872:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
310:. Dakhla Oasis lies in the
3001:
2151:10.1038/nmiddleeast.2018.7
1796:. Springer. Archived from
1469:Polish Academy of Sciences
1419:
1414:
752:
428:
273:
2939:
2928:
2872:
2761:
2272:February 1, 2011, at the
2262:Dakhla in the Old Kingdom
1848:Chandler, Graham (2006).
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636:Hieroglyphic inscriptions
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318:and between the oases of
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63:
51:
44:
753:Climate data for Dakhla
681:Friedrich Gerhard Rohlfs
622:Lintel in Qasr el-Dakhla
198: • Ethnicities
705:Ministry of Antiquities
440:
298:), is one of the seven
254:center-pivot irrigation
128:25.491556°N 28.979222°E
2985:Western Desert (Egypt)
2199:Retrieved May 1, 2020.
742:), typical of much of
435:'Monastery of Stone',
312:New Valley Governorate
257:
158:New Valley Governorate
2755:Upper Egyptian cities
2305:25.50000°N 28.97917°E
2042:on September 24, 2011
1650:Su (March 31, 2009).
1567:May 29, 2016, at the
1428:Dakhleh Oasis Project
492:Gateway of the temple
381:Sheikh Muftah culture
251:
2954:Ancient Egypt topics
2282:Dākhla on Wikivoyage
1933:on February 18, 2011
1908:on February 18, 2011
1882:on February 18, 2011
1604:www.trismegistos.org
1544:on February 18, 2011
1434:Royal Ontario Museum
802:Record high °C (°F)
677:Archibald Edmonstone
256:in the Dakhla Oasis.
133:25.491556; 28.979222
2426:El Mahalla El Kubra
2301: /
1978:"El Qasr el-Dakhil"
1952:"'Ain el-Gazzareen"
1082:Record low °C (°F)
942:Daily mean °C (°F)
731:Dakhla Oasis has a
124: /
2358:1,000,000 and more
2310:25.50000; 28.97917
2178:. January 16, 2019
2143:Nature Middle East
2116:www.ifao.egnet.net
1854:Saudi Aramco World
1629:egyptian monuments
1501:cultural evolution
1493:registered charity
733:hot desert climate
699:Recent discoveries
594:Streets of Al-Qasr
258:
190: • Total
169: • Total
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2721:
2720:
2197:The Dakhleh Trust
1829:on April 16, 2009
1746:. August 27, 2017
1720:. August 27, 2017
1505:Quaternary period
1467:Ethnology of the
1438:Monash University
1424:
1423:
1275:relative humidity
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282:El Waḥat el Daḵla
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177: • Land
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391:During the late
387:Pharaonic period
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2703:Sharm El Sheikh
2693:Saint Catherine
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2470:100,000–299,999
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2064:"Dakhleh Oasis"
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2013:
2011:
2010:on July 8, 2011
2004:"Deir el Hagar"
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1679:livescience.com
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1625:"Deir el-Hagar"
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1569:Wayback Machine
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1507:in the eastern
1503:throughout the
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1464:Herbert Winlock
1452:Lech Krzyżaniak
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1415:Source 1: NOAA
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685:Herbert Winlock
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543:: قصر الداخلة,
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424:Egyptian Arabic
417:
389:
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275:الواحات الداخلة
269:Egyptian Arabic
237:
132:
130:
126:
123:
118:
115:
113:
111:
110:
104:
103:
102:
101:
95:
94:
93:
92:
88:
67:
64:Nickname:
59:
47:
40:
39:الواحات الداخلة
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2998:
2996:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2980:Oases of Egypt
2977:
2967:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:Egyptian oases
2866:
2864:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2841:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2728:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2527:Kafr El Sheikh
2524:
2522:Kafr El Dawwar
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2477:6th of October
2473:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2354:
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2346:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2323:
2285:
2284:
2276:
2264:
2259:
2252:
2251:External links
2249:
2248:
2247:
2240:
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2230:
2227:
2224:
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2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2189:
2163:
2129:
2102:
2080:
2068:pcma.uw.edu.pl
2052:
2021:
1995:
1969:
1943:
1918:
1893:
1867:
1840:
1814:
1782:
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1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
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1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1370:sunshine hours
1365:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1323:sunshine hours
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
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1177:
1172:
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1133:
1128:
1123:
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1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
939:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
869:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
799:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
755:
754:
748:
728:
725:
716:
713:
700:
697:
672:
669:
668:
667:
663:
662:
655:
653:
649:
648:
641:
639:
635:
634:
627:
625:
621:
620:
613:
611:
607:
606:
599:
597:
593:
592:
585:
583:
579:
578:
571:
533:Qasr ad-Dakhla
528:
527:Qasr ad-Dakhla
525:
524:
523:
519:
518:
511:
509:
505:
504:
497:
495:
491:
490:
483:
416:
413:
388:
385:
377:Nubian Aquifer
347:
344:
342:
339:
331:
328:
308:Western Desert
244:
243:
226:
222:
221:
211:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
191:
187:
186:
182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
161:
160:
155:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
106:
105:
96:
90:
89:
82:
81:
75:
74:
73:
72:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
57:
49:
48:
45:
42:
41:
38:
35:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2997:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2949:Egyptologists
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2933:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2850:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:Shibin El Kom
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2352:by population
2351:
2344:
2339:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2198:
2193:
2190:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2130:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2103:
2091:
2084:
2081:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2038:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1841:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1799:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1719:
1718:Deccan Herald
1715:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1666:
1653:
1646:
1643:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1487:Dakhleh Trust
1486:
1484:
1482:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1427:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:Mean monthly
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1224:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1154:precipitation
1150:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
940:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
870:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
800:
756:
751:
747:
745:
741:
738:
734:
726:
724:
722:
714:
712:
709:
706:
698:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
670:
659:
654:
645:
640:
631:
626:
617:
612:
603:
598:
589:
584:
575:
570:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
526:
515:
510:
501:
496:
487:
482:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
425:
421:
420:Deir el-Hagar
415:Deir el-Hagar
414:
412:
410:
406:
403:, similar to
402:
398:
394:
386:
384:
382:
378:
372:
370:
365:
361:
357:
345:
340:
338:
336:
329:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
283:
270:
266:
265:Dakhleh Oasis
262:
255:
250:
238:Mut (c. 1500
227:
219:
215:
212:
210:
203:
200:
192:
179:
171:
159:
156:
154:
146:
137:
109:Coordinates:
100:
79:
55:
43:
33:
27:
19:
18:Dakhleh Oasis
2886:
2668:New Nubariya
2658:Marsa Matruh
2602:
2286:
2267:Travel guide
2243:
2236:
2192:
2180:. Retrieved
2176:Live Science
2175:
2166:
2154:. Retrieved
2142:
2132:
2120:. Retrieved
2115:
2105:
2093:. Retrieved
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2067:
2044:. Retrieved
2037:the original
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
2008:the original
1998:
1986:. Retrieved
1982:the original
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1956:the original
1946:
1935:. Retrieved
1931:the original
1921:
1910:. Retrieved
1906:the original
1896:
1884:. Retrieved
1880:the original
1870:
1860:December 11,
1858:. Retrieved
1853:
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1827:the original
1817:
1805:. Retrieved
1798:the original
1785:
1773:. Retrieved
1760:
1750:February 24,
1748:. Retrieved
1743:
1734:
1724:February 24,
1722:. Retrieved
1717:
1708:
1684:February 24,
1682:. Retrieved
1678:
1668:
1655:. Retrieved
1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1628:
1619:
1607:. Retrieved
1603:
1594:
1585:
1576:
1557:
1546:. Retrieved
1542:the original
1490:
1477:
1460:World War II
1449:
1442:
1431:
1156:mm (inches)
739:
730:
718:
710:
702:
689:Ahmed Fakhry
674:
545:the Fortress
544:
536:
532:
530:
444:
419:
418:
390:
383:lived here.
373:
349:
333:
295:
264:
261:Dakhla Oasis
260:
259:
119:28°58′45.2″E
116:25°29′29.6″N
97:Location in
91:Dakhla Oasis
36:Dakhla Oasis
26:
2663:Nag Hammadi
2308: /
2279:(in German)
2242:Wagner, G.
2235:Vivian, C.
2182:January 17,
2156:October 18,
2118:(in French)
2095:February 8,
2014:February 8,
1988:February 8,
1962:February 8,
1886:February 8,
1833:February 8,
1807:January 17,
1775:January 17,
1657:February 8,
1600:"TM Places"
1497:environment
1481:Roman Egypt
1368:Mean daily
393:6th Dynasty
356:Pleistocene
153:Governorate
131: /
66:Inner oasis
2969:Categories
2944:Egyptology
2653:Marsa Alam
2638:Hamrah Dom
2618:El Alamein
2588:Ain Sokhna
2576:<99,999
2365:Alexandria
2296:28°58′45″E
2293:25°30′00″N
2122:August 18,
2046:2011-02-08
1937:2011-02-08
1912:2011-02-08
1609:August 20,
1548:2011-02-08
1515:References
1475:markings.
1228:(≥ 1.0 mm)
671:After 1800
664:Clay house
346:Prehistory
287:pronounced
185:Population
2781:Beni Suef
2633:Port Fuad
2547:New Cairo
2497:Beni Suef
2446:Port Said
1744:DNA India
715:Geography
453:Vespasian
430:دير الحجر
405:cuneiform
330:Etymology
232:-c. 1500
209:Time zone
202:Egyptians
2877:Bahariya
2796:Hurghada
2623:El Gouna
2613:Dekernes
2517:Hurghada
2502:Damanhur
2436:Mansoura
2431:Kom Ombo
2421:Ismailia
2406:Damietta
2270:Archived
2073:July 10,
1694:cite web
1565:Archived
1363:3,943.4
1273:Average
1152:Average
912:(101.1)
907:(102.2)
902:(102.0)
867:(121.1)
857:(102.7)
852:(111.6)
847:(113.4)
842:(113.9)
837:(113.4)
832:(121.1)
827:(118.4)
822:(115.0)
817:(112.6)
812:(104.2)
461:Domitian
397:hieratic
369:Holocene
2902:Farafra
2806:Mallawi
2678:Rosetta
2673:Nuweiba
2643:Hala'ib
2608:Dendera
2532:Mallawi
2461:Zagazig
2401:Bilbeis
1147:(25.0)
1142:(28.2)
1137:(33.8)
1132:(45.9)
1127:(54.0)
1122:(59.4)
1117:(59.7)
1112:(54.3)
1107:(45.3)
1102:(35.8)
1097:(30.6)
1092:(25.2)
1087:(25.0)
1077:(56.8)
1072:(41.5)
1067:(49.8)
1062:(61.2)
1057:(68.4)
1052:(70.9)
1047:(72.1)
1042:(70.9)
1037:(64.9)
1032:(56.1)
1027:(47.7)
1022:(41.2)
1017:(38.3)
1007:(73.0)
1002:(56.7)
997:(64.6)
992:(75.7)
987:(83.1)
982:(86.7)
977:(87.6)
972:(87.4)
967:(83.1)
962:(74.5)
957:(64.9)
952:(57.6)
947:(53.6)
937:(89.1)
932:(73.0)
927:(80.8)
922:(91.2)
917:(97.5)
897:(99.1)
892:(92.5)
887:(82.6)
882:(75.2)
877:(70.7)
862:(91.2)
807:(91.8)
727:Climate
565:Amheida
553:Ottoman
549:Ayyubid
537:el-Qasr
465:Amun-Ra
441:S.t-wȝḥ
432:
409:papyrus
360:nomadic
358:, when
341:History
320:Farafra
277:
225:Capital
144:Country
2912:Moghra
2907:Kharga
2897:Faiyum
2892:Dunqul
2887:Dakhla
2816:Safaga
2791:Faiyum
2766:Akhmim
2713:Talkha
2688:Safaga
2648:Kharga
2603:Dakhla
2593:Akhmim
2583:Abydos
2507:Desouk
2416:Imbaba
2411:Faiyum
1663:(blog)
1635:May 6,
1509:Sahara
1473:Beduin
1445:Kellis
1360:291.4
1357:300.0
1354:328.6
1351:336.0
1348:375.1
1345:384.4
1342:366.0
1339:356.5
1336:315.0
1333:316.2
1330:279.7
1327:294.5
758:Month
557:Mamluk
541:Arabic
473:Khonsu
401:stylus
364:Sahara
324:Kharga
193:75,000
2882:Baris
2826:Sohag
2811:Minya
2801:Luxor
2776:Asyut
2771:Aswan
2683:Sadat
2598:Dahab
2567:Sohag
2552:Obour
2537:Minya
2492:Benha
2487:Aswan
2482:Arish
2456:Tanta
2441:Luxor
2396:Asyut
2370:Cairo
2088:NYU.
2040:(PDF)
2033:(PDF)
1801:(PDF)
1794:(PDF)
1410:10.8
1404:10.0
1401:10.6
1398:11.2
1395:12.1
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1386:11.5
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1316:34.4
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46:Oasis
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2016:2011
1990:2011
1964:2011
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1835:2011
1809:2016
1777:2016
1752:2021
1726:2021
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1637:2020
1611:2022
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1377:9.9
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1140:−2.1
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1120:15.2
1115:15.4
1110:12.4
1095:−0.8
1090:−3.8
1085:−3.9
1075:13.8
1060:16.2
1055:20.2
1050:21.6
1045:22.3
1040:21.6
1035:18.3
1030:13.4
1005:22.8
1000:13.7
995:18.1
990:24.3
985:28.4
980:30.4
975:30.9
970:30.8
965:28.4
960:23.6
955:18.3
950:14.2
945:12.0
935:31.7
930:22.8
925:27.1
920:32.9
915:36.4
910:38.4
905:39.0
900:38.9
895:37.3
890:33.6
885:28.1
880:24.0
875:21.5
865:49.5
860:32.9
855:39.3
850:44.2
845:45.2
840:45.5
835:45.2
830:49.5
825:48.0
820:46.1
815:44.8
810:40.1
805:33.2
794:Dec
791:Nov
788:Oct
785:Sep
782:Aug
779:Jul
776:Jun
773:May
770:Apr
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761:Jan
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322:and
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2147:doi
1313:47
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1307:36
1304:31
1301:28
1298:26
1295:24
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1289:29
1286:35
1283:41
1280:47
1135:1.0
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1105:7.4
1100:2.1
1070:5.3
1065:9.9
1025:8.7
1020:5.1
1015:3.5
740:BWh
721:Mut
535:or
469:Mut
352:BCE
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263:or
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240:BCE
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230:BCE
218:EST
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