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421:, the general in charge of statistics on the Western Front, was greatly concerned by the inaccuracy of this statement. He wrote to the new Chief of Staff asking whether it should not be exposed, but received no reply. After some days examining his conscience, he decided to write a letter to all the major newspapers.
516:
This was endorsed by the next owner despite his allegiance to the
Conservative Party. He was William Harrison, an entrepreneur who had acquired a number of magazines and provincial newspapers. He had also gone into paper-making through Inveresk Paper Co and that now owned the former Lloyd newspapers.
467:
The new editor was Ernest Perris, formerly the news editor. Some suspected him of having been complicit in Lloyd George's negotiations. He was the source of the rumour passed on to Donald and
Maurice, but this does not indicate whether he was the messenger or equally taken by surprise. He also became
210:
Only a small circle knew about his plan and the public was taken by surprise when it appeared in national daily guise on 28 May 1877. They clearly liked what they read and the new paper was a success from the start. It had inherited a circulation of about 40,000 in 1877 and this rose to 200,000 in a
248:’s reporting secured its popularity. It was the first Fleet Street paper to report industrial disputes systematically. This echoed the paper’s political stance, but it also met readers’ need to know about what was a new legal regime at the time – freedom to join a trade union and picket workplaces.
432:
However, a few days later, it recruited
Maurice as its military correspondent. This move infuriated the prime minister. Lloyd George was now determined to buy the paper and set about raising the finance from friends of the party and by selling peerages. Beaverbrook was excluded, as were the Berry
386:
s impartial and objective coverage and found it the most acceptable of the non-Conservative papers. He misled himself into thinking that Donald was an uncritical supporter, drawing confirmation from Donald's willingness to advise him on the official propaganda effort in 1917 and then to accept an
255:
and its first election in 1889, and covered religion and the affairs of the church. In the 1880s, it created a special section for colonial news under the title "Greater
Britain Day by Day". It also led the way in using specialist correspondents. Ample space was made available for books, literary
484:
After Lloyd George ceased to be prime minister in 1922, he remained active in politics for the rest of the 1920s. His fall from power marked the end of the
Liberal Party as a majority government but that was not apparent at the time. He needed money to back candidates but this time his idea of
298:
During Lloyd's lifetime, the editor was a literary Irish journalist, Robert Boyle, who had helped Lloyd with the conversion of the paper. He maintained the local news coverage inherited from the
Clerkenwell paper, but this was later dropped. He died in February 1890, two months before Lloyd.
424:
Four of them published the letter on 7 May. Maurice was forced to resign and
Parliament debated the matter on 9 May. Lloyd George won the vote, partly by counterattacking Maurice's figures but largely because there was no obvious successor and the war was at too sensitive a point to risk a
496:
and other Lloyd publishing interests. He had bought off his fellow investors in 1922 and 1926, presumably at the 1918 valuation or thereabouts. He was sole owner in the sale contract. The question of whether the party should not benefit too caused some controversy at the time.
406:
Since selling to a
Conservative proprietor would be anathema, Donald tried to form a rival consortium to buy the paper. This failed but the dealings between him and Lloyd George were irretrievably tainted by underhand behaviour on the prime minister's side of the negotiations.
324:
with some vehemence. This went down badly with readers, many of whom had family or friends risking and losing their lives for that cause. As sales were lost, he was asked to resign by Frank Lloyd, son of Edward Lloyd and managing director of the company that owned the paper.
458:
knew nothing of these negotiations. He and
Maurice heard a rumour on 3 October 1918 and Frank Lloyd confirmed the following day that the sale had gone through. A new regime was due to come into effect at 6 p.m on 5 October. Both men were obliged to resign.
450:
Wartime inflation had lifted Frank Lloyd's price from £900,000 to £1.1m. In the end, Lloyd George paid £1.6m – probably for a quick sale. He was already planning the early general election that was announced immediately after the
Armistice (he won).
500:
On 11 July 1927, Lloyd George sold the company to three investors who were rich but lacking experience of publishing, let alone newspapers. They paid him £2.9m. On 17 July 1928, a year and a week later, the three sold the company for £1.5m.
175:
Launched after the duties on advertising and published news had been abolished in 1853 and July 1855, this local paper specialised in small personal ads. At first, it carried about three times as much advertising as it did local news.
206:
Lloyd bought the paper in 1876, paying the owner £30,000 for the title and spending a further £150,000 on setting it up (about £19m in modern money). The Fleet Street office cost a further £40,000 a few years later.
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In 1918, events unexpectedly turned Lloyd George's way, albeit rather uncomfortably. He had assured Parliament on 9 April that the number of British troops facing the German onslaught in March had not been reduced.
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In fact, the relationship between Donald and Lloyd George, always arm's-length in Donald's eyes, had been fatally soured by dealings in 1917 that were unknown to the public. Lloyd George had tried to buy the
504:
The first of these sales contained a curious clause that preserved Lloyd George's editorial control without responsibility for its liabilities. He was granted a 10-year option to buy back the shares if the
369:
He was thoughtful and principled, with a firm belief in objective reporting and editorial independence. Under his direction, the paper was broadly supportive of the radical wing of the Liberal Party under
290:
were not for them. The breadth of its news coverage was welcomed by many because it deliberately ranged far and wide – far beyond the Westminster affairs that dominated Fleet Street at the time.
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Edward Lloyd was keenly interested in advertising. It had the potential to generate substantial income and so allow the paper's cover price to be kept low. In time it contributed about 40% of
481:
s credibility, its sales did not suffer under the new management. The editorial staff were not unduly interfered with, it seems. Rather, the paper suffered at the hands of corporate finance.
313:
was appointed editor. Generally recognised as one of the leading journalists of the day, with influence in the corridors of power, he was able to build up a newspaper that he valued highly.
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year. It had risen to 400,000 by the outbreak of war in 1914 and doubled during the war. It was reputedly the best selling daily in the 1890s and, during the war, sold more copies than the
863:
382:
Donald had got to know Lloyd George well, although he never hesitated to point out failings if justified. After he became prime minister at the end of 1916, Lloyd George valued the
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owed £3m in debt and commitments, had no cash and was suffering a marked loss of sales. It looked doomed. However, News and Westminster Ltd, a Cadbury company, offered to take the
418:
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through his political allies. Frank Lloyd, as owner, named his price. Although a realistic valuation, £900,000 was too high for the initial backer, the Liberal peer
544:. Their sales would combine to make 1,400,000, which seemed to offer a viable future. It was not a merger of equals, however, and the loss of jobs was borne by the
320:
for a decade, Massingham was editor for just five years. On foreign policy, he was a great believer in the power of diplomacy and expressed his opposition to the
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revenues. Demand was strong enough to charge a good price per line but, even so, advertising had to be limited to no more than half the paper. The lobby at 81
1828:
812:
An account of United Newspapers Ltd's later years can be found in the history of United Business Media, the company's remote successor in the present day:
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Associated took an option to buy the company if it did not return to profit. When it failed to do that by the summer of 1960, Associated took over the
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As the formula proved popular, it grew in size and frequency and often changed its name to match. In 1872, it finally changed from the
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Lloyd was a great believer in news – objective reporting of facts, unadorned by comment or speculation. The scope and quality of the
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403:, a Conservative press baron who had promised to support Lloyd George for five years, then became involved as a potential backer.
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The next editor, Alfred Fletcher, had been assistant to Boyle and had a more pronounced left-wing approach. After he left the
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but had taken time off journalism to experience an unrelated occupation – promoting a hotel. From 1906, he also edited
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Politically, Massingham was at the radical end of the Liberal Party. He had edited the radical evening paper,
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served as an informal labour exchange where advertisers and targets would search each other out in person.
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s plant, property and goodwill. The paper disappeared and, with it, the last vestiges of the
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failed to follow progressive Liberal policies or promoted reactionary or communist views.
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Journalistic London: Being a Series of Sketches of Famous Pens and Papers of the Day
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http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/united-business-media-plc-history/
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caused it to lose readers. Again facing closure, the only offer of help came from
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Politically the paper was left of centre. It supported the radical wing of the
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Later he twice stood for Parliament for Canterbury but failed to get elected:
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prospered until 1956 when its opposition to the UK's involvement in the
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s former foreign editor, William Fisher, became editor, handing over to
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He had a valuable asset in the form of United Newspapers, owner of the
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http://www.sjfisher.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Fisher_My-Famous-People.htm
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official position – "director of propaganda in neutral countries".
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for that market and for those who felt that elite papers like the
447:. He was rewarded by a knighthood in 1918 and a peerage in 1921.
42: : "The Day", 30 June 1919, referring to the signing of the
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687:. unknown library. S. Low, Marston, Searle , & Rivington.
140:
that was published from 1872 to 1930 when it merged with the
649:, by Laurel Brake and Marysa Demoor (2008), p.128. See also
772:"Lloyd George's Acquisition of the Daily Chronicle in 1918"
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That Irishman: The Life and Times of John O’Connor Power
701:
That Irishman: The Life and Times of John O'Connor Power
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Harrison left the scene. An audit then showed that the
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out of a local newspaper that had started life as the
844:- an advertising bookmark of the newspaper from 1894
267:, had that existed in 1877. From 1892, it supported
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1819:Defunct newspapers published in the United Kingdom
366:, the Sunday newspaper owned by the Lloyd family.
334:, in 1890–91. He went on to become editor of the
818:http://www.edwardlloyd.org/united-newspapers.pdf
727:, by Henry William Massingham (1902), Chapter 5.
172:, set up as a halfpenny 4-page weekly in 1855.
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477:Whatever the loss of independence did to the
8:
26:
647:Dictionary of Nineteenth-Century Journalism
181:London Daily Chronicle and Clerkenwell News
170:Clerkenwell News and Domestic Intelligencer
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803:, by Guy Schofield (Cranford Press, 1974).
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1839:1872 establishments in the United Kingdom
356:Donald had worked as news editor for the
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487:Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act 1925
573:s adversary since its launch in 1896.
263:but it might well have supported the
7:
485:selling honours was thwarted by the
1829:Publications disestablished in 1960
521:, Inveresk's share price fell 80%.
14:
651:http://www.edwardlloyd.org/dc.htm
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1617:Southern Daily Mail (Portsmouth)
1517:Jewish Post and Gazette (London)
881:newspapers of the United Kingdom
21:Daily Chronicle (disambiguation)
1780:Burney Collection of Newspapers
429:reported the debate factually.
1824:Newspapers established in 1872
1668:Western Independent (Plymouth)
1:
698:Stanford, Jane (2011-05-01).
1834:Daily Mail and General Trust
1704:Trewman's Exeter Flying Post
1577:Manchester Evening Chronicle
1502:Huddersfield Daily Chronicle
1507:Eastern Morning News (Hull)
1477:Darlington Evening Dispatch
1442:Birmingham Evening Despatch
1265:The Illustrated London News
801:The Men that Carry the News
668:For the years 1856-71, see
342:, a Liberal, took it over.
316:Although he worked for the
16:British newspaper 1872-1930
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1487:Edinburgh Evening Dispatch
776:Journal of British Studies
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256:extracts and the theatre.
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1740:Edinburgh Evening Courant
1552:Liverpool Evening Express
1492:Evening Citizen (Glasgow)
1467:Chelmsford Evening Herald
1285:Shurey's Pictorial Budget
532:on and merge it into the
425:governmental crisis. The
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1658:Sunday Pink (Manchester)
1587:Nottingham Daily Express
1149:The Sunday Correspondent
1109:Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper
987:Financier and Bullionist
610:Henry William Massingham
1663:Sunday Sentinel (Stoke)
1627:Surrey Daily Advertiser
1592:Nottingham Evening News
1582:Northern Whig (Belfast)
1421:The Westminster Gazette
1159:Sunday Evening Telegram
251:The paper followed the
1637:Yorkshire Evening News
1537:Leicester Evening Mail
1482:Doncaster Evening Post
1426:Whitehall Evening Post
770:McEwen, J. M. (1982).
725:The London Daily Press
681:Joseph Hatton (1882).
437:. The prime mover was
1653:Sunday News (Belfast)
1522:Jewish Times (London)
1497:Hereford Evening News
1452:Bristol Evening World
1374:The Pall Mall Gazette
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1012:The Morning Chronicle
704:. The History Press.
561:Associated Newspapers
253:London County Council
1632:Watford Evening Echo
1612:Shields Evening News
1547:Liverpool Daily Post
1532:Leicester Daily Post
1512:Glasgow Evening News
1462:Chatham Evening Post
1457:Burnley Evening Star
1280:Shurey's Illustrated
1129:The Planet on Sunday
604:Alfred Ewen Fletcher
44:Treaty of Versailles
19:For other uses, see
1755:Scottish Daily News
1673:Yorkshire on Sunday
1622:Slough Evening Mail
1364:London Evening Post
1359:London Evening News
1354:Jewish Evening News
1295:The Weekly True Sun
363:Lloyd's Weekly News
340:John Maynard Keynes
273:John O'Connor Power
78:Political alignment
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1732:Caledonian Mercury
1602:Nottingham Mercury
1597:Nottingham Journal
1572:Luton Evening Post
1379:St James's Gazette
1169:Sunday Illustrated
1057:Sporting Chronicle
823:2015-11-17 at the
756:2015-11-21 at the
656:2015-11-18 at the
593:1872: J. A. Manson
441:who already owned
372:David Lloyd George
101:; merged into the
89:Ceased publication
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1119:News of the World
992:Greyhound Express
927:The Daily Courant
711:978-0-7509-5609-3
439:Sir Henry Dalziel
435:Allied Newspapers
419:Frederick Maurice
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22:
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1339:Evening Post
1334:Evening News
1250:The Examiner
1245:The European
1189:Sunday Today
1037:Morning Star
1007:Jewish Times
967:Daily Sketch
952:Daily Herald
916:
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616:W. J. Fisher
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294:Middle years
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265:Labour Party
258:
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226:Morning Post
224:
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196:Fleet Street
191:
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166:Edward Lloyd
161:
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141:
128:
127:
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117:Headquarters
108:
102:
39:
1748:The New Day
1411:(1893–1906)
1403:(1888–1960)
1395:(1792–1876)
1387:(1788–1831)
1369:London Lite
1260:The Graphic
1235:Early Times
1099:Empire News
972:Daily Sport
816:. See also
557:Suez crisis
463:Later years
202:Early years
1813:Categories
1527:Kent Today
1472:Daily Post
1322:newspapers
1290:The Sphere
1270:The Leader
962:Daily News
634:References
571:Chronicle'
566:Daily Mail
535:Daily News
519:1929 crash
479:Chronicle'
468:editor of
384:Chronicle'
347:Chronicle'
241:combined.
156:Foundation
143:Daily News
104:Daily News
1678:The Atlas
1349:The Globe
1042:New Daily
1002:Indicator
788:0021-9371
546:Chronicle
530:Chronicle
526:Chronicle
507:Chronicle
494:Chronicle
474:in 1924.
456:Chronicle
427:Chronicle
393:Chronicle
358:Chronicle
353:in 1904.
318:Chronicle
309:In 1894,
304:Chronicle
284:Telegraph
280:Chronicle
246:Chronicle
220:Telegraph
192:Chronicle
183:to plain
138:newspaper
134:left-wing
1797:Category
1687:Weeklies
1416:True Sun
1400:The Star
1384:The Star
1329:The Echo
1313:Regional
1203:Weeklies
1052:The Post
997:The Hour
888:National
879:Defunct
821:Archived
754:Archived
654:Archived
331:The Star
322:Boer War
136:British
1773:Related
1765:(daily)
1646:Sundays
1435:Dailies
1408:The Sun
1392:The Sun
1240:The Era
1220:The Age
1092:Sundays
977:The Day
895:Dailies
740:(2011).
588:Editors
517:In the
378:Buy-out
95: (
64: (
59:Founded
1210:Action
1078:(2006)
1070:(1865)
786:
708:
626:1918:
620:1904:
614:1899:
608:1895:
602:1890:
596:1877:
563:whose
336:Nation
132:was a
120:London
72:London
1717:Other
1083:Today
288:Times
214:Times
840:The
784:ISSN
706:ISBN
551:The
278:The
235:and
160:The
126:The
97:1930
93:1930
66:1872
62:1872
51:Type
509:or
70:in
1815::
780:22
778:.
774:.
584:.
548:.
489:.
399:.
271:.
229:,
223:,
217:,
152:.
872:e
865:t
858:v
790:.
760:.
714:.
99:)
68:)
23:.
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