Daily fantasy sports - Knowledge (XXG)

791:, material degree). Some states use stricter criteria, under which games whose outcomes are influenced by any element of chance, or appeal to a "gambling instinct", are considered games of chance, regardless of the presence of skill-based elements. Applying the predominance test, the Supreme Court of Illinois ruled that participants in daily fantasy contests are "actual contestants in the bona fide contest for the determination of skill" and do not violate Illinois' prohibition on gambling. The court disagreed with an Illinois Attorney General Opinion that interpreted "actual contestants" to mean the persons in the athletic contest. 49:, and earn points based on the actual statistical performance of the players in real-world competitions. Daily fantasy sports are an accelerated variant of traditional fantasy sports that are conducted over short-term periods, such as a week or single day of competition, as opposed to those that are played across an entire season. Daily fantasy sports are typically structured in the form of paid competitions typically referred to as a "contest"; winners receive a share of a pre-determined pot funded by their entry fees. A portion of entry fee payments go to the provider as 1075:

services would have to pay restitution, were tentatively scheduled for September 2016—assuming that legislation legalizing daily fantasy sports was not passed by then. DraftKings and FanDuel spokespersons stated that the companies were working with local officials and supporting legislation to legalize DFS under state law. This settlement does not address the false advertising claims, which are still being pursued. The next day, Yahoo announced that it would voluntarily comply with the settlement and also cease offering paid games in the state of New York.

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outcome, are gambling), and ordering the two services to cease serving residents of New York. He stated that DFS "wagers" represented "a wager on a 'contest of chance' where winning or losing depends on numerous elements of chance to a 'material degree'". He characterized the DFS industry as being a "massive, multi-billion-dollar scheme intended to evade the law and fleece sports fans across the country", causing the "same public health and economic problems associated with gambling, particularly for populations prone to

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the temporary injunction was granted, forbidding DraftKings and FanDuel from "accepting entry fees, wagers or bets" from residents of New York state. Mandez argued that "the payment of an 'entry fee' as high as $ 10,600 on one or more contests daily could certainly be deemed risking 'something of value'." He also ruled that the UIGEA "has no corresponding authority under New York State law". However, Mandez granted a temporary stay following requests for an appeal. On December 31, 2015—prior to an

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constitutes a game of skill, he argued that "a few good players in a poker tournament may rise to the top based on their skill; but the game is still gambling." Schneiderman also acknowledged that the two services had "basic compliance issues" (alluding to the inside information scandal), had associated themselves with gambling-oriented entities, and that DraftKings had accepted entry fees from users in states where it argued that DFS was illegal. The Attorney General also issued a

892:), and against the performance of other players, with "rake-offs" taken by the operator on each wager (defined as a "percentage game" under Nevada law). In further support of its argument, the memorandum cited Jason Robins' comments on Reddit that described DraftKings using gambling-oriented terminology; the board stated that its classification was "consistent with how operators of certain daily fantasy sports describe themselves". 591:; in exchange for Fox acquiring a $ 150 million equity stake in the company, DraftKings agreed to buy $ 250 million in advertising over the next three years. DraftKings' sponsorship exclusivity deal with ESPN was also to include the acquisition of an equity stake in the company, but this aspect of the deal was reportedly called off due to objections by ESPN's parent, 907:, had been investigating ways of integrating DFS into the state lottery system, including attempts to pursue DraftKings as a partner for a proposed game which would have offered credit for the service as prizes. FanDuel ceased serving residents of Texas, but DraftKings filed a request for declaratory judgment on March 4, 2016, seeking clarification on the matter. 84:, received funding from investment firms, sports broadcasters, leagues, and team owners, and became known for the aggressive marketing of their services. As of September 2015, both companies had an estimated value of at least $ 1 billion and controlled 95% of the U.S. DFS market. The two primarily compete against smaller DFS services, such as Fantasy Aces and 1071:, and horse racing. Surowiecki argued that "given the absence of a good argument for why daily fantasy should be illegal in New York, while the lottery and racetrack betting and casinos are not, the best strategy that DraftKings and FanDuel could pursue might be to get the State Legislature to eliminate the inconsistency and explicitly legalize them." 856:, and it was estimated that in 2014, DraftKings had still collected $ 484,897 in entry fees from players in the five states where it had voluntarily asserted that DFS was illegal. These reports led to regulatory probes by investigators in the aforementioned states. Both websites have since implemented measures to block proxy users. 961:

who are 18 and older, and be subject to yearly independent audits. The law was criticized for being broadly-worded, with critics believing that it could feasibly apply to season-length games or any similar activities, and that the required licensing fee adds a financial barrier for doing business in the state.

88:. The popularity of the daily fantasy format has been credited to its convenience in comparison to season-length games, as well as the focus on major cash prizes in the promotion of these services. Daily fantasy was also credited with helping to improve television viewership and engagement with sports. 960:

passed legislation regulating "fantasy contests", defined as skill-based games with cash prizes that are based on the "accumulated statistical results of the performance of individuals"; the law makes no reference to sports or DFS. Services must pay a $ 50,000 registration fee, be restricted to those

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issued an opinion, stating that "it is prohibited gambling in Texas if you bet on the performance of a participant in a sporting event and the house takes a cut." On the other hand, Paxton stated that traditional, season-length fantasy sports were legal. Prior to the ruling, it was also reported that

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During hearings on November 25, 2015, Judge Manuel J. Mendez disputed assertions by the services that a player's choice of athletes represents "control or influence" over the outcome, stating that players are ultimately "relying on someone else's skill" to determine an outcome. On December 11, 2015,

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to run online, skill-based games, such as daily fantasy sports. On November 19, 2015, the government announced that it would allow daily fantasy sports services to operate within Massachusetts under proposed regulations, including the requirement for all players to be 21 and over, banning members of

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The UIGEA has frequently been cited as having exempted daily fantasy games from being considered gambling, as the law does not consider an online contest with pre-determined prizes, and an outcome based on skill that is "determined predominantly by accumulated statistical results of sporting events,

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argued that DFS games themselves were "not inherently crooked", explaining that "most of the benefits praised by its enthusiasts — the ease of play, the camaraderie among fans, the challenge of solving what amounts to a math puzzle — are real. It does take skill to parse game film, diligently follow

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launched QuickDraft, a daily fantasy game targeted at both Canada and the United States, based on the intellectual property of its 2014 acquisition of Swoopt. In contrast to other DFS services and in an effort to work around the increased scrutiny and uncertain legality of paid games, the service is

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In "Double-up" or "50/50" cash game competitions, players win a prize equal to double their entry fee if they finish with a score within the top 50% of all participants. Head-to-head competitions are similar, except that the player must win against another user of their choice. Guaranteed prize pool

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believed that it was hypocritical for the state of New York to campaign against daily fantasy sports—which, in an op-ed, the Attorney General classified as a "particularly pernicious" activity, as the state already sponsors and/or endorses other forms of legal gambling based purely on chance rather

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to prevent Schneiderman from enforcing the cease-and-desist, but a state judge declared their request to be premature. Following the hearing, a spokesperson for the Attorney General declared that he could file a formal lawsuit against the two sites "as soon as tomorrow". The same day, state senator

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Analysts predicted that the duopoly of DraftKings and FanDuel would make moves to capitalize on the decision, including leveraging their regulatory expertise and influence to lobby for state legalization of sports betting, and incorporating betting features into their platforms to take advantage of

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in regards to its own daily fantasy offerings. FanDuel stated that it would comply with the order and restrict participation by residents of New York, while DraftKings stated that it would continue to serve them, arguing that Schneiderman's decision was based on an "incomplete understanding of the

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The increased legal scrutiny surrounding DFS resulted in providers spending less on marketing in order to focus more on legal costs. On February 10, 2016, it was reported that ESPN had backed out of its advertising deal with DraftKings, and that Fox had marked down its investment in DraftKings by

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ruled that DFS was illegal under state law, and sent cease and desist notices to DraftKings and FanDuel ordering them to stop serving residents of Alabama by May 1, 2016. He argued that while picking players for a fantasy team is an activity of skill, player performance can vary, and Alabama law

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Each state applies varying standards in regards to determining whether a game is one of skill, or of chance; in most states, this determination is based on whether the skill-based elements of the game are predominant over those of chance, and whether these chance-based elements have more than an

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The aggressive marketing tactics used by daily fantasy services have also affected the growth of the industry. In June 2015, DraftKings entered into a three-year sponsorship deal with ESPN valued at $ 250 million; the deal gave DraftKings exclusivity in advertising daily fantasy services on ESPN

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announced that he had opened an investigation into the two services and the allegations that employees from the two services were using this information to win prizes from each other. Both sites have since barred their employees from participating in daily fantasy games. On October 14, 2015, the

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in regards to a promotion in which the service claimed it would double a new user's first deposit. The suit alleged that DraftKings would only credit the deposit bonus to a player's account if they fulfill certain monetary and participation requirements within four months, causing them to "incur

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On November 17, 2015, the Attorney General filed a request for a temporary injunction to force DraftKings and FanDuel to cease serving customers in the state of New York. In the filing, Schneiderman argued that DFS was merely a "re-branding" of sports betting, and in response to claims that DFS

835:, who authored the UIGEA, explained that the fantasy sports carve-out was meant to relieve the burden of enforcement of the act by banks, nor cover the present-day daily fantasy industry, and that "it is sheer chutzpah for a fantasy sports company to cite the law as a legal basis for existing". 986:

On November 10, 2015, Attorney General of New York State Eric Schneiderman issued a cease-and-desist order to DraftKings and FanDuel, arguing that DFS was illegal under state law (which specifies that games where players "risk something of value" and do not have "control or influence" over the

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published a memorandum ruling that daily fantasy sports games were a form of sports wagering, and that DFS services must cease serving customers in the state of Nevada until they obtain a sports pool license. The Board felt that DFS fell under the state's definitions of a "gambling game" and a

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FanDuel's Terms of Service bans any athlete, coach, referee, or owner from entering contests for the sport in which they are involved with. Furthermore, DraftKings announced that CFL players were not allowed to enter any CFL contests shortly after announcing their partnership with the league.

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On March 21, 2016, the Attorney General announced a partial settlement of its lawsuit, under which DraftKings and FanDuel agreed to cease offering paid games in the state of New York, and abide by the result of an upcoming appeals court hearing. The hearings, which would determine whether the

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on the performance of individual athletes during a given game, rather than managing their team on a week-to-week basis across a season. On the other hand, proponents have argued that the act of preparing a daily fantasy team is an activity of skill, as it requires knowledge of the sport, its

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noted that despite its similarities to gambling, DFS appealed to mainstream sports fans because it evoked the feelings of community commonly associated with traditional fantasy sports, rather than the "shady underground games" of poker. The popularity of daily fantasy has also influenced fan

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of the U.S. District Court of New Jersey distinguished an "entry fee" in a paid fantasy sports competition as being a fee required to participate rather than a "wager", because they are "paid unconditionally", and because the prizes in such games were "guaranteed" and determined in advance.

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Daily fantasy services have historically blocked residents of Arizona, Iowa, Louisiana, Montana and Washington from participating in paid games, under a presumption that DFS is illegal in these states due to the strictness of their gambling laws. However, a November 2015 investigation by

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In response to these concerns, DFS services implemented changes to improve the fairness and transparency of their contests, including entry limits, banning off-site scripts, identifying veteran-level players, allowing users to block players they do not wish to compete against, and adding

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the news and interpret the thousands of bits of sports information that are generated each night. If a problem gambler at the poker rooms I frequent in New York City were to hire a programmer and flood the D.F.S. market with his lineups, he would almost certainly hemorrhage money."

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on television, especially during sports telecasts. Capitalizing on the start of football season, iSpot.tv estimated that DraftKings and FanDuel collectively spent over $ 107 million on television advertising in September 2015 alone—with nearly half being spent on advertising during

802:, games that mix chance- and skill-based elements are considered games of chance. However, Canadian authorities have not yet targeted DFS services; historically, the government has only targeted illegal gambling operations that have a presence within the country. While the service 830:

The act itself does not define unlawful internet wagering, and expressly refrains from altering the legality of any underlying conduct other than funds transfers, meaning that state law remains binding. It also depends on banks to act as enforcers of the prohibitions. Congressman

260:. Players chose their teams by calling a toll-free phone number and entering four-digit codes for each of their player selections. The games served as an early version of today's daily fantasy sports by rewarding each week's highest-scoring participants with prizes. 368:

began to allow daily fantasy providers to sign multi-year team sponsorship deals, with caveats, FanDuel reached deals with sixteen NFL teams for placements on team-oriented digital properties, radio, and in-stadium. DraftKings had also received an investment by

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or positions of the field of contestants. Further variations of double-up games, including Triple-up, Quadruple-up, and Quintuple-up, may also be offered. Leagues are smaller versions of GPP contests, with tiered payouts and a smaller number of contestants.

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invested an undisclosed amount in DraftKings, becoming the first U.S. professional sports organization to invest in daily fantasy sports. In 2014, DraftKings acquired DraftStreet, as well as StarStreet, and raised another $ 41 million in investment led by

1098:, punishable by ineligibility to participate in NCAA-sanctioned athletics for one year. Advertising for daily fantasy services are also forbidden from being broadcast during telecasts of the NCAA's tournaments. In August 2015, the NCAA and a group of ten 490:, negligence, and false advertising, arguing that the employees' use of inside information had made the games unfair. One of the lawsuits were filed by a resident of New Orleans, despite paid fantasy games being illegal in the state. On October 30, 2015, 498:

also filed a class-action lawsuit against FanDuel, arguing that the service had exploited his name and likeness without permission as part of its services and marketing. FanDuel objected to the lawsuit, arguing that its use of his likeness fell within

685:, and repeatedly referred to the service using gambling-oriented terms such as "wager" and "betting". DraftKings and FanDuel have also entered into affiliation and sponsorship agreements with gambling-oriented entities; DraftKings sponsored the 732:

estimated that 91% of winnings were won by only 1.3% of players. FanDuel CEO Nigel Eccles disputed the accuracy of the study, arguing that its daily fantasy baseball contests do not have as many participants as those it runs for football.

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Ventures and KKR among others, and a Series E funding round of $ 275 million in July 2015, valuing the company at over $ 1 billion. In October 2014, NBC Sports entered into a content sharing partnership with the DFS information website

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1.8 million in series A funding. Fitzgerald noted that the sports betting industry in Australia had brought in $ 900 million in yearly revenue and that DFS was "a more ethically and morally preferred means of partnership with a

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to win cash prizes from each other, spawned retaliatory lawsuits from the companies. They argued that the rulings were the result of a misinterpretation of the nature of their services. By December 2017, 18 states, including

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argued that "no matter how much somebody knows about sports, if you put an established player up against a new player, that established player's probably going to have a 75 percent chance of winning—at least." A study by

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By 2015, the daily fantasy sports industry had experienced a major growth in mainstream popularity. The rise was credited to several factors, including the convenience of the format, the ability to access the services on

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prohibited advertising for daily fantasy games involving college sports. On December 9, 2015, it was reported that ESPN had similarly agreed not to air advertising for daily fantasy services during telecasts of the

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Among the first sites to specialize in the format of daily fantasy was Instant Fantasy Sports, established in 2007; the service's co-founder Chris Fargis explained that the service was inspired by the format of

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president Erik Shanks felt that daily fantasy sports help improve television viewership of sporting events, while FanDuel stated that players became more engaged with sports content after joining the service.

1205: 1546: 693:, while FanDuel has affiliated with websites related to sports betting. At the same time, both companies have stated that their daily fantasy games represent a game of skill. In the 2007 federal lawsuit 390:, and aggressive marketing campaigns which promoted the prospective cash prizes of their largest contests. The structure and payouts of daily fantasy games have been described as providing a feeling of " 1036:—including the return of all money collected from customers in New York State. Schneiderman also acknowledged the services' deceptive advertising practices, such as "convoluted" first deposit bonuses. 1165: 5151: 4439: 1463: 356:

DraftKings and FanDuel began to pursue advertising and endorsement deals with sports franchises and leagues; in November 2014, DraftKings entered into a multi-year sponsorship deal with the

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On January 11, 2016, DraftKings' and FanDuel's stay was granted, meaning that they could continue to serve New York residents, pending the outcome of the appeal. However, later that month,

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also forbade all states, besides Nevada and other grandfathered states, from authorizing sports wagering activities, although it was ruled in May 2018 that this law was unconstitutional.

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On June 18, 2016, the New York State senate approved legislation to legalize daily fantasy sports. Daily fantasy providers will be required to pay 15.5% of their annual revenue to the

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including any non-participant's individual performances in such sporting events", to be unlawful wagering. The carve-out was based on the language of an amendment proposed by Senator

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There are several main disciplines of daily fantasy sports competitions, divided into two categories: cash games, and guaranteed prize pool (GPP). DFS contests typically utilize a

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believed that a ruling on the legality of DFS in New York State would have industry-wide implications, as it is one of the largest markets for these services. Writing for

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general counsel Don Bourgeois. He determined that DFS would likely be classified as a game of chance under Canadian law, going on to say in an interview that under the

444:; FanDuel acquired the e-sports focused DFS service AlphaDraft (which FanDuel planned to operate as an independent brand), while DraftKings added contests for the 2015 4141: 4115: 884:"sports pool", as they " wagers on sporting events or other events by any system or method of wagering", including wagers on events occurring during a sporting event ( 864:

Louisiana attempted to pass a law that would exempt fantasy sports from its anti-online gambling laws, but the bill was defeated as the result of lobbying by both the

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In 2015, daily fantasy sports began to face increased legal scrutiny. In August 2015, a class action lawsuit was filed against DraftKings, alleging that it engaged in

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On May 10, 2016, it was reported that the U.S. House Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing and Trade was planning to discuss the legal aspects of DFS in a hearing.

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individual players and their respective performance at a particular moment in time, and the ability to select suitable players within the limitation of a salary cap.

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telecasts ($ 23.6 million by DraftKings, and $ 26.7 million spent by FanDuel). Of the total, $ 60.1 million was spent by DraftKings, with $ 7.95 million spent during

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In July 2015, Yahoo!, a historic provider of season-length fantasy sports, announced that it would begin to offer paid daily and weekly fantasy games as part of its

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In the U.S., these issues became largely moot in 2018, when the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 was struck down in the Supreme Court lawsuit

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The NFL does not outright ban participation in paid or daily fantasy sports games by its players and staff, but does restrict how much one may win in such games.

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In response, DraftKings and FanDuel filed lawsuits against the state of New York on November 13, arguing that their games were one of skill, they had been denied

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In 1990, a pair of nationwide fantasy games, Dugout Derby and Pigskin Playoff, were launched in a variety of newspapers across the United States, including the

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announced that it would no longer process payments for DraftKings and FanDuel made by residents of New York State, "pending a final decision by the courts".

4353: 4810: 4758: 3461: 95:; multiple U.S. states ruled that DFS contests constituted gambling and sports betting—which, at the time, was effectively illegal in most states under the 3574: 3432: 1429: 1175: 772: 3519: 3635: 3399: 2518: 1371: 967:

In August 2016, New York became the largest state to legalize daily fantasy sports. Nearby New Jersey and Pennsylvania each followed suit in mid-2017.

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the professional sports industry from playing the games (including athletes), and banning the marketing of the services in colleges and high schools.

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In the wake of the scandal, multiple class-action lawsuits were filed against both DraftKings and FanDuel, with suits alleging charges such as fraud,

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jointly campaigned against daily fantasy games featuring college sports, asserting that DFS is inconsistent with the NCAA's policies and values. The

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law, as it involves a wager on an event outside of the player's control. He explained that "the technology may have changed, but the vice has not."

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had discussions with its broadcast partners in an attempt to discourage the advertising of daily fantasy games during its telecasts, while both

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on whether they could continue to operate during the lawsuit, the Attorney General amended the lawsuit to demand that the two companies pay

296:; the service attempted to market itself as a modern alternative to the fantasy sports services provided by other media properties, such as 4300: 2339: 445: 2010: 558:. The following month, Delaware became the first state to create new legislation to allow sports betting, followed shortly by New Jersey. 2928: 2773: 1119:. On March 31, 2016, DraftKings and FanDuel jointly agreed to stop offering daily fantasy college sports following the conclusion of the 5314: 5047: 2114: 1317: 661:-based elements. Critics of DFS have argued that because athlete performance can vary on a week-to-week basis, players are essentially 5454: 4862: 3990: 3917: 3663: 3339: 2200: 764: 549: 4379: 3012: 2902: 2062: 268:, and that his goal was to "take the time frame of season-long fantasy sports leagues and shrink it." The site was later acquired by 3865: 824: 5073: 2438: 2251: 4405: 3545: 2569: 998:

due to the Attorney General's abruptness, that he does not have the power to make such a ruling, and that Schneiderman engaged in

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by sending cease and desist notices to their payment processors. On November 16, the two services tried to request a temporary

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acquired an equity stake in FanDuel and entered into a four-year sponsorship deal with the company. In April 2015, after the

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announced that it would no longer provide its payment processing services to the DFS industry, and in early-February 2016,

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People voiced their annoyance on Twitter, labeling them as "freaking annoying" or mocking the incessant manner they aired.

2225: 3229: 3121: 2876: 2465: 1847: 5263: 2544: 1985: 360:, complementing team-level sponsorship deals it had previously reached with seven NHL franchises. Also in November, the 3065: 2749:"How FanDuel and DraftKings are taking aim at the world of sports gambling: 'The whole marketplace is going to evolve'" 1578: 503:

surrounding the use of player names and statistics in fantasy sports games. Garçon's lawsuit was settled out of court.

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to daily fantasy games), and the Louisiana Video Gaming Association (which felt that DFS would cannibalize the legal

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additional and substantial monetary obligations", rather than instantly receive the bonus as implied by advertising.

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Daily fantasy games exist in a variety of major and minor sports, depending on service, including but not limited to

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did not state that a legal, paid fantasy sports competition had to last for an entire season. In February 2012, the

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to leverage their existing customer base and legal expertise, while FanDuel agreed to be acquired by Irish company

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format, in which players are allotted a maximum budget to spend on athletes for their team, represented as either

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In 2015, the Canadian Gaming Association commissioned an opinion on the legality of DFS in Canada from former

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considers all paid fantasy games—including daily fantasy—to fall under its prohibition of sports wagering by

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being positioned as a free-to-play service with smaller cash prizes, a more "casual" atmosphere with fewer "

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facts about how our business operates and a fundamental misinterpretation and misapplication of the law".

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acknowledged that daily fantasy contests are often won by a minority of skilled professional players, or "

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in most U.S. states (excluding grandfathered states such as Nevada)—was declared unconstitutional by the

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prohibits its players from participation in paid DFS games involving golf, or endorsing DFS companies.

725: 4539: 3181:"Is it gambling? Why fantasy sports sites like DraftKings and FanDuel are illegal in Washington state" 37:

games. As with traditional fantasy sports games, players compete against others by building a team of

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launched an investigation of its own into the two services regarding the inside information scandal.

374: 308:, was inspired to create the site when he realized that the carve-out for fantasy sports in the U.S. 174: 103:

lawsuit, spawned from an investigation of allegations that DraftKings and FanDuel employees had used

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By the end of 2017, 18 different states had legalized paid-entry fantasy sports contests. Governor

698: 686: 130: 3892:"Colby Cosh: The Senate spent three years pondering a one-line bill, which will likely now expire" 3814: 1498: 771:)—which prohibits the interstate conduct of wagering activity prohibited under state law, and the 5303: 3706:"Opinion | Place your bets on federalism — thoughts on today's oral argument in Christie v. NCAA" 1579:"Sports Perfecta Launches Daily Fantasy Jockey for Horse Racing Enthusiasts in the United States" 988: 869: 468: 125:. With states free to legalize sports betting, DraftKings and FanDuel subsequently expanded into 104: 4432:"Bill could sideline season-long fantasy football in Virginia, open up state to online gambling" 1233: 4032:"Author of anti-gambling law says "sheer chutzpah" for daily fantasy sites to claim legitimacy" 1928: 5351: 3713: 2314: 1003: 936:

dictates that it is illegal to risk something of value on any game with an element of chance.

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website. Moneyball, one of the first Australian DFS services, was also established by former

5344: 5298: 5228: 2667:"DraftKings and FanDuel Prepare to Cash In on the Supreme Court's Ruling on Sports Gambling" 1903:"Two local companies, StarStreet and DraftKings, prepare to launch new fantasy sports sites" 1079: 1064: 1059: 760: 743: 608: 595:, over financially associating itself with activities that could be classified as gambling. 495: 408: 341: 244: 238: 166: 991:

and individuals who are unprepared to sustain losses, lured by the promise of easy money."

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DraftKings and FanDuel attempted to merge in 2017, but the deal was shelved after the U.S.

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introduced a bill that would explicitly classify daily fantasy sports as a game of skill.

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or points. Each athlete has their own cost, with elite athletes having the highest costs.

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There are conflicting arguments over whether paid daily fantasy sports games constitute

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executives Jason Robins, Matthew Kalish, and Paul Liberman. DraftKings gained a local,

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and re-branded as SnapDraft; NBC had also acquired the fantasy sports-focused website

5515: 5480: 5470: 5393: 5279: 4328:"Daily fantasy sports like DraftKings, FanDuel are illegal gambling, Alabama AG says" 2597:"Delaware is the first new state to bet on sports gambling, but it might not pay off" 1430:"How to make a killer daily fantasy sports football roster on DraftKings and FanDuel" 1146: 945: 911: 904: 820: 658: 644: 500: 425: 421: 387: 324:-based competitor in StarStreet, when it introduced a daily fantasy game of its own. 301: 297: 269: 226: 109: 85: 61: 57: 42: 34: 20: 4354:"Mass. AG 'reviewing' daily fantasy sports as lawmakers look into lottery expansion" 677:, DraftKings CEO Jason Robins described the service as being "almost identical to a 5500: 5490: 5423: 5377: 5331: 4168:"The reality of fantasy sports? It's illegal in Louisiana when stakes are involved" 2955:"DraftKings Won't Raise $ 250 Million From Disney, but Will Still Get ESPN Ad Deal" 1635: 1166:"$ 500,000 DraftKings 1-Day Fantasy Baseball Contest Could Make You Rich Overnight" 803: 682: 613: 370: 350: 305: 265: 256: 206: 50: 3994: 3667: 3602:"Yahoo Daily Fantasy Sports Rolls Out Changes To 'Make Contests More Transparent'" 2115:"NHL Signs Two-Year Deal With DraftKings As Rise Of Daily Fantasy Games Continues" 810:, it is subject to a legal prohibition on wagering on individual sporting events. 768: 153:

contests have higher stakes, using tiered payouts based on finishing in different

4250:"Texas Lottery was in hot pursuit of DraftKings daily fantasy game, records show" 2295:(Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC). August 2, 2015. Retrieved September 29, 2015. 60:, the daily fantasy sports industry was dominated by two competing services: the 5485: 4380:"Massachusetts will allow daily fantasy sports to operate under new regulations" 2417: 1033: 995: 971: 873: 763:—which prohibits interstate sports wagering, the Illegal Gambling Business Act ( 178: 3400:"End Sought to Fantasy Sites in New York; Yahoo Is Said to Be Added to Inquiry" 3039:"Future of daily fantasy sports hard to predict as industry scrutiny increases" 2847:"DraftKings Raises $ 300 Million, Promises to Spend Much of It With Fox Sports" 19:

This article is about daily fantasy sports. For fantasy sports in general, see

5475: 5418: 5398: 1754: 1696: 1667: 1551: 1170: 899: 853: 716: 623:

episodes. The marketing push was met with a negative reaction from viewers on

619: 512: 345: 317: 198: 186: 154: 146: 142: 73: 46: 3789: 3717: 2318: 2093:"FanDuel signs deals with 15 NFL teams, escalating daily fantasy integration" 1725: 1234:"Fantasy Sports Sites DraftKings, FanDuel September Spend Tops $ 100 Million" 4733:"DraftKings, FanDuel file lawsuits in New York after cease-and-desist order" 4707:"DraftKings, FanDuel lawsuits take daily fantasy battle into critical phase" 1881: 1206:"Daily fantasy sports Web sites find riches in Internet gaming law loophole" 1044: 918: 832: 571: 522:

threatened to block it over concerns that the combined company would have a

434: 273: 126: 4759:"New York seeks injunction to shut down DraftKings and FanDuel immediately" 4681:"NY has a legal lottery, says online fantasy sports are an illegal lottery" 3768:"Dew-Becker v. Wu, No. 124472 (Supreme Court of Illinois, April 16, 2020)" 3433:"N.Y. AG declares DFS, Fan Duel illegal gambling sites, not fantasy games" 1344:"Ohio Sends Fantasy Sports Bill To Governor; Would Be 18th State With Law" 467:

On October 6, 2015, following reports that a DraftKings employee had used

353:, in which it would provide daily fantasy-oriented content for Rotoworld. 5428: 4863:"FanDuel & DraftKings See Citigroup "Block" Transactions In NY State" 3575:"DraftKings to create designation for elite players, ban offsite scripts" 3314:"I Believe Daily Fantasy Sports Is a Game Of Skill, And Here's The Proof" 3212:

Daily Fantasy Sports and the Hidden Cost of America’s Weird Gambling Laws

1547:"The DFS Revolution Cannot Be Stopped: Here Comes Fantasy Sumo Wrestling" 1130: 1016: 957: 849: 650: 523: 214: 182: 113: 4406:"Virginia becomes first state to formally legalize daily fantasy sports" 2903:"DraftKings Will Pay ESPN $ 250 Million for Ads Over the Next Two Years" 440:

In September 2015, DraftKings and FanDuel expanded their offerings into

5408: 4276:"FanDuel to leave Texas; DraftKings files motion to continue operating" 3214:. The New York Times. September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 29, 2015. 3070: 1636:"Epson's Pigskin Playoff Game. It's a Snap to Play. It's a Kick to Win" 807: 628: 293: 190: 65: 5100:"ESPN and College Football Playoff Agree Not to Air Daily Fantasy Ads" 4993:"DraftKings, FanDuel will stop in NY, but appeal, legislation pending" 4811:"New York attorney general amends lawsuit against daily fantasy sites" 3066:"Everybody hated those DraftKings and FanDuel commercials, data shows" 2985:"ESPN's 'Cover Alerts' are going away, but other gambling talk is not" 2877:"ESPN Teams with DraftKings as Exclusive Daily Fantasy-Sports Partner" 2642:"Supreme Court strikes down law banning sports betting outside Nevada" 1755:"The Pigskin Playoff Contest. It's a Snap to Play. It's a Kick to Win" 681:", described the concept of DFS as a cross between fantasy sports and 4889:"Payment Processor to Stop Working With Daily Fantasy Sports Clients" 3462:"New York judge denies DraftKings, FanDuel restraining order request" 2412: 1956:"FanDuel Raises $ 70 Million as Daily Fantasy Sports Battle Heats Up" 1040: 1020: 922: 678: 674: 670: 313: 289: 69: 4592:"Kasich Signs Fantasy Sports Bill; Ohio Becomes 18th State With Law" 3520:"You Aren't Good Enough to Win Money Playing Daily Fantasy Football" 4967:"Fantasy Sites DraftKings and FanDuel Stop Taking Bets in New York" 4087:"DraftKings Leaves Door Unlocked for Barred Fantasy Sports Players" 3636:"How Will the Government Change the Game for Daily Fantasy Sports?" 3256:"Commentary: Skill and knowledge are key players in fantasy sports" 1726:"The Pigskin Playoff Game. It's a Snap to Play. It's a Kick to Win" 566:. Later that month, FanDuel announced that it would be acquired by 213:. Daily fantasy contests have also been held in professional-level 4785:"FanDuel & DraftKings Get To Stay In Biz In New York, For Now" 2175:"The rise of daily fantasy sports, online betting's newest empire" 2144:"Nevada Says It Will Treat Daily Fantasy Sports Sites as Gambling" 1521:"Companies at center of fantasy sports turmoil have big ambitions" 515:", and the possibility of being advertising-funded in the future. 5248: 3866:"Daily fantasy sports gaming illegal in Canada, trade group says" 2340:

New York Attorney General Opens Inquiry Into Fantasy Sports Sites

1697:"Manage Your Way to the Hall of Fame in the Dugout Derby Contest" 1668:"Manage Your Way to the Hall of Fame in the Dugout Derby Contest" 5403: 5202: 4621:"New York Supreme Court judge rules against DraftKings, FanDuel" 1091: 975: 194: 5252: 4540:"NJ Gets On Fantasy Sports Bandwagon As Christie Signs New Law" 4110: 4108: 4061:"NY Judge Rules Against DraftKings and FanDuel, Supporting Ban" 3013:"Are DraftKings and FanDuel Bombarding Fans With Too Many Ads?" 2929:"DraftKings raises $ 300m in frenzied fantasy sports land-grab" 1794:"How the Daily Fantasy Sports Industry Turns Fans Into Suckers" 775:(UIGEA)—which prohibits the transfer of funds in connection to 4916:"The Hypocritical Legal Campaign against Daily Fantasy Sports" 4837:"New York Daily Fantasy Players in Game for NBA, NHL Playoffs" 4142:"Fantasy Sports Site Closes Digital Loophole Ahead of Hearing" 3815:"Sports and Gaming: Daily Fantasy Sports Contests as Gambling" 3230:"DraftKings CEO Described Site As A Casino, Called It Betting" 2570:"The FTC is attempting to block the DraftKings-Fanduel merger" 2519:"TheScore bets on daily fantasy sports with QuickDraft launch" 2252:"DraftKings brings its daily-fantasy sports empire to esports" 2011:"NBC's RotoWorld, RotoGrinders Ink Fantasy Sports Partnership" 1456:"Daily Fantasy Strategy: How to play 50/50, H2H, GPP contests" 1289:"Fantasy Aces Could Be the 'Pick' of the Fantasy Sports Space" 888:), combinations of multiple events occurring within an event ( 480: 170: 4514:"Daily Fantasy Sports Are Back In Business In New York State" 3122:"Fox Marks Down $ 160M Investment In DraftKings By About 60%" 2545:"DraftKings, FanDuel Scrap Merger Plans After FTC Opposition" 2342:. New York Times. October 6, 2015. Retrieved October 6, 2015. 5126:"DraftKings, FanDuel to stop offering college fantasy games" 4198:"Texas says daily fantasy is gambling and therefore illegal" 3742:"Does Winning at Fantasy Sports Require Skill or Dumb Luck?" 2439:"DraftKings, FanDuel Accused of Racketeering in New Lawsuit" 1082:'s education fund in order to serve customers in the state. 759:

In U.S. federal law, criminal gambling statutes include the

428:

employees James Fitzgerald and Rax Huq; the company secured

327:

DraftKings and FanDuel in particular became the subjects of

4225:"Texas Attorney General Deems Daily Fantasy Sports Illegal" 3840:"Illinois AG Lisa Madigan: DFS betting is illegal gambling" 3340:"AG: DraftKings CEO called daily fantasy sports 'a casino'" 2408:"New Orleans man files lawsuit against FanDuel, DraftKings" 2382:"Class action lawsuit filed against DraftKings and FanDuel" 978:

signed a bill in late December making Ohio the eighteenth.

5019:"New York State Lawmakers Vote to Legalize Fantasy Sports" 3630: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3546:"Is Daily Fantasy Too Addictive for Its Youngest Players?" 598:

DraftKings and FanDuel also became known for their use of

5178:"PGA Tour prohibiting players from playing daily fantasy" 4116:"Lawsuit accuses DraftKings of flouting bans in 5 states" 2818:"DraftKings launches mobile sports betting in New Jersey" 1874:"FanDuel turns fantasy sports betting into a social game" 3491:"Biggest issues for daily fantasy after New York ruling" 3224: 3222: 3220: 2086: 2084: 948:

tabled a bill exploring the possibility of allowing the

611:

games, $ 2.05 million during ESPN's sports news program

5048:"N.C.A.A. Distances Itself From Daily Fantasy Websites" 4941:"Yahoo stops daily fantasy sports contests in New York" 3966:"The true Congressional origin of daily fantasy sports" 3514: 3512: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3169: 2841: 2839: 2307:"Scandal Erupts in Unregulated World of Fantasy Sports" 2201:"Scandal Erupts in Unregulated World of Fantasy Sports" 1311: 1309: 5229:"The DFS Effect on Sports Viewership & Popularity" 4646: 4644: 4642: 4360:. Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC. September 17, 2015 4055: 4053: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 781:

Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992

645:

Fantasy sport § Legal issues in the United States

542:

Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992

97:

Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992

5042: 5040: 3569: 3567: 3485: 3483: 2517:

Bradshaw, James; Shoalts, David (December 10, 2015).

2355:

Drape, Joe; Williams, Jacqueline (October 15, 2015).

1909:. Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC. February 27, 2012 1366: 1364: 868:(which showed concerns that players could develop an 4652:"Daily Fantasy Sports Hearing Ends Without Decision" 4489:"Congressional subcommittee examining daily fantasy" 3736: 3734: 2357:"F.B.I. Investigating Daily Fantasy Sports Websites" 2305:

Drape, Joe; Williams, Jacqueline (October 5, 2015).

2199:

Drape, Joe; Williams, Jacqueline (October 5, 2015).

1601: 1599: 1260:"Daily Fantasy-Sports Operators Await Reality Check" 806:

offers legal sports wagering games through Canada's

5463: 5442: 5386: 5360: 5286: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3386: 2692:"Sports betting ruling could shake up Mass. gaming" 1848:"Game Over: Why Daily Fantasy Has Already Been Won" 1499:"Legality of Daily Fantasy Sports Under Nevada Law" 530:

Legalization of sports betting in the United States

3456: 3454: 2289:An uncertain line between fantasy sports, gambling 1228: 1226: 921:issued an opinion that DFS could be illegal under 583:networks beginning in January 2016, and included " 555:Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association 310:Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 122:Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association 5074:"Daily Fantasy Gives the NCAA a Gambling Problem" 4615: 4613: 3007: 3005: 2935:. Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC. July 26, 2015 2492:"Four big issues facing the DFS industry in 2016" 2169: 2167: 2165: 116:, had ruled that DFS was a legal game of skill. 2466:"NFL Player Sues Fantasy Sports Company FanDuel" 2138: 2136: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1405:"Daily fantasy pushes to continue growth streak" 1121:2016 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament 852:restrictions could easily be circumvented using 751:beginner-level contests intended for new users. 373:—a local businessman whose holdings include the 284:On July 21, 2009, the Edinburgh, Scotland-based 3680:"Supreme Court strikes down sports betting law" 3282: 3280: 1986:"Fantasy Sports Create Billion-Dollar Startups" 910:On January 27, 2016, at the request of Senator 331:investments by various parties; in April 2013, 4675: 4673: 3936:"Fantasy Sports and Gambling: Line Is Blurred" 1318:"Yahoo Will Enter Daily Fantasy Sports Market" 876:industry, and needed to be highly regulated). 787:incidental effect on the outcome of the game ( 5264: 4566:"Online Gambling Set To Roll In Pennsylvania" 3427: 3425: 3423: 3421: 2350: 2348: 1630: 1628: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1193: 8: 4334:. Alabama Media Group (Advance Publications) 3206: 3204: 3202: 1399: 1397: 1063:than a mix of chance and skill, such as the 316:-based DraftKings was established by former 2774:"FanDuel to open sportsbook at Meadowlands" 2037:"NHL announces partnership with DraftKings" 1662: 1660: 5271: 5257: 5249: 4301:"A Blow to Daily Fantasy Sports in Hawaii" 3659: 3657: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1481: 773:Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act 91:DFS faced criticism over its semblance to 2723:"FanDuel Acquired by Paddy Power Betfair" 1819:"With NFL on, NBC Sports redoes Web look" 506:In December 2015, Canadian media company 1316:Goel, Vindu; Drape, Joe (July 8, 2015). 796:Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario 779:that is prohibited under state law. The 276:in 2006. SnapDraft was later shut down. 5450:Fantasy Sports & Gaming Association 4914:Surowiecki, James (December 11, 2015). 3097:"DraftKings and FanDuel Agree to Merge" 3095:Berzon, Alexandra (November 18, 2016). 1157: 45:or competition while remaining under a 5150:Bonesteel, Matt (September 29, 2015). 3365:"Are daily fantasy sports even legal?" 2091:Schrotenboer, Brent (April 21, 2015). 1954:Chernova, Yuliya (September 2, 2014). 903:Gary Grief, executive director of the 544:—which outlawed state legalization of 4274:Rosenthal, Brian M. (March 4, 2016). 2800:"New Jersey Legalizes Sports Betting" 2616:"New Jersey Legalizes Sports Betting" 2338:Drape, Joe and Williams, Jacqueline. 1792:Kang, Jay Caspian (January 6, 2016). 394:" to its players, similar to that of 76:. Both companies were established as 7: 4038:. Associated Press. October 12, 2015 2226:"Moneyball the new sporting fantasy" 1174:. Anthem Media Group. Archived from 562:their existing market positions and 133:to become its main U.S. subsidiary. 5176:Sorbel, Jason (November 23, 2015). 3934:Brustein, Joshua (March 11, 2013). 1342:Gouker, Dustin (December 5, 2017). 536:Sports betting § United States 5455:Fantasy Sports Writers Association 4122:. Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC 2464:Kolodny, Lora (October 31, 2015). 1527:. Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC 1378:. NBC Sports Group. Archived from 14: 3600:Gouker, Dustin (March 22, 2016). 2798:Nick Corasaniti (June 11, 2018). 2721:Roettgers, Janko (May 23, 2018). 2614:Nick Corasaniti (June 11, 2018). 825:Internet Gambling Prohibition Act 5124:Purdum, David (March 31, 2016). 5098:Tracy, Marc (December 9, 2015). 3704:Somin, Ilya (December 4, 2017). 3236:. Gawker Media. October 18, 2015 2543:Spangler, Todd (July 13, 2017). 1204:Kilgore, Adam (March 27, 2015). 944:In September 2015, the state of 5227:Lollis, Chris (June 30, 2016). 4326:Stein, Kelsey (April 5, 2016). 4223:Drape, Joe (January 19, 2016). 3872:. Bell Media. November 11, 2015 1613:. Vox Media. September 24, 2015 956:On March 7, 2016, the state of 362:National Basketball Association 4487:Purdum, David (May 10, 2016). 3820:. Attorney General of Illinois 1984:Lora Kolodny (July 14, 2015). 1: 4358:BetaBoston (The Boston Globe) 3788:Fried, David (May 19, 2020). 3017:CMO (The Wall Street Journal) 2933:BetaBoston (The Boston Globe) 860:Legal opinions and challenges 755:Legal definitions of gambling 471:to win $ 350,000 on FanDuel, 292:launched a spin-off known as 175:association football (soccer) 16:Subset of fantasy sport games 4036:U.S. News & World Report 2640:Gary Martin (May 14, 2018). 1372:"Cash Games vs. Tournaments" 635:60%—a loss of $ 95 million. 617:, and $ 1.36 million during 227:Fantasy sport § History 3148:"ESPN ends DraftKings deal" 2961:. Vox Media. Archived from 2853:. Vox Media. Archived from 2595:Rick Maese (June 5, 2018). 2230:Australian Financial Review 2063:"NBA partners with FanDuel" 1935:. AOL, Inc. August 25, 2014 982:New York ruling and lawsuit 930:Attorney General of Alabama 881:Nevada Gaming Control Board 739:The New York Times Magazine 728:over the first half of the 600:direct response advertising 404:The New York Times Magazine 5543: 5203:"FanDuel Terms of Service" 3262:. Albany. December 1, 2015 3043:Crain's Cleveland Business 916:Attorney General of Hawaii 642: 639:Classification as gambling 533: 224: 18: 2472:. Dow Jones & Company 897:Attorney General of Texas 879:On October 15, 2015, the 839:Self-imposed restrictions 473:New York Attorney General 3344:Las Vegas Review-Journal 3152:Las Vegas Review-Journal 2646:Las Vegas Review-Journal 1117:College Football Playoff 695:Humphrey v. Viacom, Inc. 653:, due to its mixture of 605:National Football League 520:Federal Trade Commission 442:competitive video gaming 412:engagement with sports; 366:National Football League 5373:Sports stock simulation 3550:The Wall Street Journal 3273:(subscription required) 3126:Sports Business Journal 3101:The Wall Street Journal 2470:The Wall Street Journal 2119:Sports Business Journal 1999:(subscription required) 1994:Dow Jones & Company 1990:The Wall Street Journal 1964:Dow Jones & Company 1960:The Wall Street Journal 1798:New York Times Magazine 1772:(subscription required) 1743:(subscription required) 1714:(subscription required) 1685:(subscription required) 1653:(subscription required) 1409:Sports Business Journal 1277:(subscription required) 1264:The Wall Street Journal 800:Criminal Code of Canada 593:The Walt Disney Company 570:, to bolster the Irish 4570:www.paonlinecasino.com 3524:Bloomberg Businessweek 866:Louisiana Family Forum 726:McKinsey & Company 712:Bloomberg Businessweek 358:National Hockey League 5434:Yahoo! Fantasy Sports 3922:§ 5362(1)(E)(ix) 1466:on September 27, 2015 1019:for information from 1000:tortious interference 950:Massachusetts Lottery 895:On January 17, 2016, 691:World Series of Poker 392:instant gratification 381:Mainstream popularity 333:Major League Baseball 39:professional athletes 5522:Daily fantasy sports 3526:. September 10, 2015 3371:. September 21, 2015 3019:. September 16, 2015 2445:. NBCUniversal Media 2258:. September 23, 2015 1761:. September 12, 1990 1436:. September 10, 2015 1240:. September 30, 2015 789:dominant factor test 375:New England Patriots 27:Daily fantasy sports 5387:Prominent companies 5156:The Washington Post 4817:. December 29, 2015 4791:. December 11, 2015 4765:. November 17, 2015 4713:. November 13, 2015 4687:. November 17, 2015 4658:. November 26, 2015 4627:. December 11, 2015 4598:. December 22, 2017 4596:Legal Sports Report 4436:The Virginian-Pilot 4386:. November 19, 2015 4254:Dallas Morning News 4148:. November 24, 2015 4093:. November 14, 2015 3946:on October 22, 2015 3898:. Postmedia Network 3846:. December 23, 2015 3606:Legal Sports Report 3552:. November 23, 2015 3497:. December 11, 2015 3468:. November 16, 2015 3439:. November 10, 2015 3406:. November 17, 2015 3369:The Washington Post 3187:. November 11, 2015 3154:. February 10, 2016 3128:. February 10, 2016 3045:. November 10, 2015 2965:on October 10, 2015 2857:on October 12, 2015 2753:New York Daily News 2498:. February 11, 2016 2232:. September 4, 2015 2179:The Washington Post 2121:. November 10, 2014 2069:. November 12, 2014 2043:. November 10, 2014 1732:. September 9, 1990 1642:. September 2, 1990 1382:on October 15, 2015 1348:Legal Sports Report 1266:. September 9, 2015 1210:The Washington Post 1178:on October 28, 2015 1009:Michael Ranzenhofer 699:Dennis M. Cavanaugh 687:2015 Belmont Stakes 568:Paddy Power Betfair 131:Paddy Power Betfair 5443:Trade associations 5104:The New York Times 5054:. October 20, 2015 5052:The New York Times 5023:The New York Times 4971:The New York Times 4895:. January 29, 2016 4893:The New York Times 4869:. February 5, 2016 4843:. January 11, 2016 4789:Deadline Hollywood 4711:Sports Illustrated 4572:. October 26, 2017 4307:. January 28, 2016 4229:The New York Times 4204:. January 19, 2016 4146:The New York Times 4091:The New York Times 3972:. October 28, 2015 3940:The New York Times 3748:. October 17, 2015 3642:. October 15, 2015 3581:. January 22, 2016 3404:The New York Times 3294:. December 1, 2015 3064:Vallnsky, Jordan. 2804:The New York Times 2620:The New York Times 2523:The Globe and Mail 2361:The New York Times 2311:The New York Times 2205:The New York Times 2150:. October 15, 2015 2148:The New York Times 2017:. October 14, 2014 2015:Sports Video Group 1322:The New York Times 989:gambling addiction 928:On April 5, 2016, 846:The New York Times 469:inside information 455:Increased scrutiny 449:World Championship 105:inside information 41:from a particular 33:) are a subset of 5509: 5508: 4546:. August 31, 2017 4544:NJ Gambling Sites 4520:. August 30, 2016 4466:LegalSportsReport 4280:Houston Chronicle 4178:on April 20, 2015 3318:LegalSportsReport 3292:LegalSportsReport 3185:The Seattle Times 2388:. October 8, 2015 1730:Los Angeles Times 1701:Los Angeles Times 1559:on March 29, 2016 1501:. State of Nevada 1460:The Sporting News 1004:restraining order 854:anonymous proxies 848:found that these 564:brand recognition 540:In May 2018, the 501:existing case law 476:Eric Schneiderman 461:false advertising 447:League of Legends 286:prediction market 251:Los Angeles Times 163:American football 82:startup companies 5534: 5273: 5266: 5259: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5173: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5147: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5095: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5044: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5015: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5004: 4999:. March 21, 2016 4989: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4973:. 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August 1, 2018 2814: 2808: 2807: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2747:Grossman, Evan. 2744: 2738: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2702:on July 10, 2018 2698:. 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April 23, 1990 1693: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1674:. April 29, 1990 1672:Hartford Courant 1664: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1640:Arizona Republic 1632: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1603: 1594: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1555:. Archived from 1543: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1517: 1511: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1495: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1462:. 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June 18, 2016 5017: 5016: 5012: 5002: 5000: 4991: 4990: 4986: 4976: 4974: 4965: 4964: 4960: 4950: 4948: 4939: 4938: 4934: 4924: 4922: 4913: 4912: 4908: 4898: 4896: 4887: 4886: 4882: 4872: 4870: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4846: 4844: 4835: 4834: 4830: 4820: 4818: 4809: 4808: 4804: 4794: 4792: 4783: 4782: 4778: 4768: 4766: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4742: 4740: 4731: 4730: 4726: 4716: 4714: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4690: 4688: 4679: 4678: 4671: 4661: 4659: 4650: 4649: 4640: 4630: 4628: 4619: 4618: 4611: 4601: 4599: 4590: 4589: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4549: 4547: 4538: 4537: 4533: 4523: 4521: 4512: 4511: 4507: 4497: 4495: 4486: 4485: 4481: 4471: 4469: 4468:. March 2, 2016 4460: 4459: 4455: 4445: 4443: 4430: 4429: 4425: 4415: 4413: 4412:. March 7, 2016 4404: 4403: 4399: 4389: 4387: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4363: 4361: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4337: 4335: 4325: 4324: 4320: 4310: 4308: 4299: 4298: 4294: 4284: 4282: 4273: 4272: 4268: 4258: 4256: 4248: 4247: 4243: 4233: 4231: 4222: 4221: 4217: 4207: 4205: 4196: 4195: 4191: 4181: 4179: 4166: 4165: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4140: 4139: 4135: 4125: 4123: 4114: 4113: 4106: 4096: 4094: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4059: 4058: 4051: 4041: 4039: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4015: 4013: 4005: 4004: 4000: 3989: 3985: 3975: 3973: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3949: 3947: 3933: 3932: 3928: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3901: 3899: 3890: 3889: 3885: 3875: 3873: 3864: 3863: 3859: 3849: 3847: 3838: 3837: 3833: 3823: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3787: 3786: 3782: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3751: 3749: 3740: 3739: 3732: 3722: 3720: 3710:Washington Post 3703: 3702: 3698: 3688: 3686: 3678: 3677: 3673: 3662: 3655: 3645: 3643: 3634: 3633: 3620: 3610: 3608: 3599: 3598: 3594: 3584: 3582: 3573: 3572: 3565: 3555: 3553: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3529: 3527: 3518: 3517: 3510: 3500: 3498: 3489: 3488: 3481: 3471: 3469: 3460: 3459: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3431: 3430: 3419: 3409: 3407: 3398: 3397: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3363: 3362: 3358: 3348: 3346: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3323: 3321: 3320:. April 6, 2015 3312: 3311: 3307: 3297: 3295: 3286: 3285: 3278: 3272: 3265: 3263: 3254: 3253: 3249: 3239: 3237: 3228: 3227: 3218: 3209: 3200: 3190: 3188: 3179: 3178: 3167: 3157: 3155: 3146: 3145: 3141: 3131: 3129: 3120: 3119: 3115: 3105: 3103: 3094: 3093: 3089: 3076: 3074: 3063: 3062: 3058: 3048: 3046: 3037: 3036: 3032: 3022: 3020: 3011: 3010: 3003: 2993: 2991: 2989:Washington Post 2983: 2982: 2978: 2968: 2966: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2938: 2936: 2927: 2926: 2922: 2912: 2910: 2909:. July 20, 2015 2901: 2900: 2896: 2886: 2884: 2883:. June 24, 2015 2875: 2874: 2870: 2860: 2858: 2845: 2844: 2837: 2827: 2825: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2797: 2796: 2792: 2782: 2780: 2772: 2771: 2767: 2757: 2755: 2746: 2745: 2741: 2731: 2729: 2720: 2719: 2715: 2705: 2703: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2675: 2673: 2665: 2664: 2660: 2650: 2648: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2624: 2622: 2613: 2612: 2608: 2601:Washington Post 2594: 2593: 2589: 2579: 2577: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2553: 2551: 2542: 2541: 2537: 2527: 2525: 2516: 2515: 2511: 2501: 2499: 2490: 2489: 2485: 2475: 2473: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2448: 2446: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2422: 2420: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2391: 2389: 2380: 2379: 2375: 2365: 2363: 2354: 2353: 2346: 2337: 2333: 2323: 2321: 2304: 2303: 2299: 2286: 2271: 2261: 2259: 2250: 2249: 2245: 2235: 2233: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2209: 2207: 2198: 2197: 2193: 2183: 2181: 2173: 2172: 2163: 2153: 2151: 2142: 2141: 2134: 2124: 2122: 2113: 2112: 2108: 2101:Gannett Company 2090: 2089: 2082: 2072: 2070: 2061: 2060: 2056: 2046: 2044: 2035: 2034: 2030: 2020: 2018: 2009: 2008: 2004: 1998: 1983: 1982: 1978: 1968: 1966: 1953: 1952: 1948: 1938: 1936: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1912: 1910: 1901: 1900: 1896: 1886: 1884: 1872:Butcher, Mike. 1871: 1870: 1866: 1856: 1854: 1846: 1845: 1841: 1831: 1829: 1827:Gannett Company 1817: 1816: 1812: 1802: 1800: 1791: 1790: 1777: 1771: 1764: 1762: 1753: 1752: 1748: 1742: 1735: 1733: 1724: 1723: 1719: 1713: 1706: 1704: 1695: 1694: 1690: 1684: 1677: 1675: 1666: 1665: 1658: 1652: 1645: 1643: 1634: 1633: 1626: 1616: 1614: 1605: 1604: 1597: 1587: 1585: 1577: 1576: 1572: 1562: 1560: 1545: 1544: 1540: 1530: 1528: 1519: 1518: 1514: 1504: 1502: 1497: 1496: 1479: 1469: 1467: 1454: 1453: 1449: 1439: 1437: 1428: 1427: 1423: 1413: 1411: 1403: 1402: 1395: 1385: 1383: 1370: 1369: 1362: 1352: 1350: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1326: 1324: 1315: 1314: 1307: 1297: 1295: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1276: 1269: 1267: 1258: 1257: 1253: 1243: 1241: 1238:Advertising Age 1232: 1231: 1224: 1214: 1212: 1203: 1202: 1191: 1181: 1179: 1164: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1143: 1108:Big Ten Network 1088: 1086:League policies 984: 942: 862: 841: 816: 814:UIGEA carve-out 777:online gambling 757: 730:2015 MLB season 708: 647: 641: 625:social networks 580: 538: 532: 457: 396:online gambling 383: 338:The Raine Group 329:venture capital 282: 234: 229: 223: 139: 78:venture capital 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5540: 5538: 5530: 5529: 5527:Sports betting 5524: 5514: 5513: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5503: 5498: 5496:Stephania Bell 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5467: 5465: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5390: 5388: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5364: 5362: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5354: 5349: 5348: 5347: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5328: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5309: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5290: 5288: 5284: 5283: 5280:Fantasy sports 5278: 5276: 5275: 5268: 5261: 5253: 5246: 5245: 5219: 5194: 5168: 5142: 5116: 5090: 5078:Bloomberg View 5065: 5036: 5010: 4984: 4958: 4932: 4920:The New Yorker 4906: 4880: 4854: 4828: 4802: 4776: 4750: 4724: 4698: 4669: 4638: 4609: 4583: 4557: 4531: 4505: 4479: 4453: 4423: 4397: 4371: 4345: 4318: 4292: 4266: 4241: 4215: 4189: 4159: 4133: 4104: 4078: 4049: 4023: 4011:Think Progress 3998: 3991:31 U.S.C. 3983: 3957: 3926: 3909: 3883: 3857: 3831: 3806: 3794:Cal Gaming Law 3780: 3759: 3730: 3696: 3671: 3664:31 U.S.C. 3653: 3640:Bloomberg News 3618: 3592: 3563: 3537: 3508: 3479: 3450: 3417: 3382: 3356: 3331: 3305: 3276: 3247: 3216: 3198: 3165: 3139: 3113: 3087: 3056: 3030: 3001: 2976: 2946: 2920: 2894: 2868: 2835: 2809: 2790: 2765: 2739: 2713: 2683: 2658: 2632: 2606: 2587: 2561: 2535: 2509: 2483: 2456: 2430: 2399: 2373: 2344: 2331: 2297: 2269: 2243: 2217: 2191: 2161: 2132: 2106: 2080: 2054: 2028: 2002: 1976: 1946: 1920: 1894: 1864: 1839: 1810: 1775: 1746: 1717: 1688: 1656: 1624: 1595: 1570: 1538: 1512: 1477: 1447: 1421: 1393: 1360: 1334: 1305: 1280: 1251: 1222: 1189: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1149: 1142: 1139: 1112:Pac-12 Network 1087: 1084: 1056:The New Yorker 983: 980: 941: 938: 933:Luther Strange 861: 858: 840: 837: 823:to the failed 815: 812: 765:18 U.S.C. 756: 753: 707: 704: 640: 637: 579: 576: 546:sports betting 531: 528: 456: 453: 388:mobile devices 382: 379: 281: 278: 233: 232:Early examples 230: 222: 219: 211:sumo wrestling 138: 135: 101:New York State 93:sports betting 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5539: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5481:Daniel Okrent 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5471:Matthew Berry 5469: 5468: 5466: 5462: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5441: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5394:CBSSports.com 5392: 5391: 5389: 5385: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5368:Daily fantasy 5366: 5365: 5363: 5359: 5353: 5350: 5346: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5274: 5269: 5267: 5262: 5260: 5255: 5254: 5251: 5234: 5230: 5223: 5220: 5208: 5204: 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3221: 3217: 3213: 3210:Irwin, Neil. 3207: 3205: 3203: 3199: 3186: 3182: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3153: 3149: 3143: 3140: 3127: 3123: 3117: 3114: 3102: 3098: 3091: 3088: 3084: 3073: 3072: 3067: 3060: 3057: 3044: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3018: 3014: 3008: 3006: 3002: 2990: 2986: 2980: 2977: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2950: 2947: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2921: 2908: 2904: 2898: 2895: 2887:September 20, 2882: 2878: 2872: 2869: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2823: 2819: 2813: 2810: 2805: 2801: 2794: 2791: 2779: 2775: 2769: 2766: 2754: 2750: 2743: 2740: 2728: 2724: 2717: 2714: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2687: 2684: 2672: 2668: 2662: 2659: 2647: 2643: 2636: 2633: 2621: 2617: 2610: 2607: 2602: 2598: 2591: 2588: 2575: 2571: 2565: 2562: 2550: 2546: 2539: 2536: 2524: 2520: 2513: 2510: 2497: 2493: 2487: 2484: 2471: 2467: 2460: 2457: 2444: 2440: 2434: 2431: 2419: 2415: 2414: 2409: 2403: 2400: 2387: 2383: 2377: 2374: 2362: 2358: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2335: 2332: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2301: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2287:Hohler, Bob. 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2257: 2253: 2247: 2244: 2231: 2227: 2221: 2218: 2206: 2202: 2195: 2192: 2180: 2176: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2149: 2145: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2120: 2116: 2110: 2107: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2068: 2064: 2058: 2055: 2042: 2038: 2032: 2029: 2016: 2012: 2006: 2003: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1980: 1977: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1950: 1947: 1934: 1930: 1924: 1921: 1908: 1904: 1898: 1895: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1868: 1865: 1853: 1849: 1843: 1840: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1814: 1811: 1799: 1795: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1760: 1756: 1750: 1747: 1731: 1727: 1721: 1718: 1702: 1698: 1692: 1689: 1673: 1669: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1641: 1637: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1612: 1608: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1584: 1580: 1574: 1571: 1558: 1554: 1553: 1548: 1542: 1539: 1526: 1522: 1516: 1513: 1500: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1451: 1448: 1435: 1431: 1425: 1422: 1410: 1406: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1349: 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