75:
50:
31:
473:(37 lb), though most do not exceed a width of 60 cm (24 in). Females grow larger than males. Apart from being much larger, the daisy stingray can also be distinguished from the pearl stingray in having a relatively larger, round pearl spine, fewer tooth rows, and more pectoral fin radials (129–136 versus 113–127).
467:
The tail is longer than the disc and usually bears a single long, thin stinging spine on the upper surface. The tail is broad and flattened at the base, becoming slender and whip-like past the spine with a low dorsal keel and a well-developed ventral fin fold. There is a massive, circular pearl spine
472:
covering the median third of the back from between the eyes to the base of the tail, as well as small prickles covering the tail behind the sting. This ray is a plain grayish brown above, and whitish below. It reaches a maximum known disc width of 1 m (3.3 ft) and weight of 17 kg
442:
disc of the daisy stingray is moderately thin and rounded, measuring about as wide as long. The leading margins of the disc are concave and converge at the pointed, slightly projecting tip of the snout. The eyes are medium-sized and followed by somewhat larger
355:), both also native to West Africa. Numerous scientific accounts of the daisy stingray have been confounded by confusion with the pearl stingray; this confusion dates back to the two West African specimens referenced in GĂĽnther's original description. In 1984,
614:
Jabado, R.W.; Badji, L.; Chartrain, E.; De Bruyne, G.; Derrick, D.; Dia, M.; Diop, M.; Doherty, P.; Keith Diagne, L.; Leurs, G.H.L.; Metcalfe, K.; Seidu, I.; Soares, A.-L.; Tamo, A.; VanderWright, W.J.; Williams, A.B. (2021).
455:
in a transverse row across the floor of the mouth, with the outermost pair set apart from the others. The tooth rows number 24–32 in the upper jaw and 28–36 rows in the lower jaw, and are arranged with a
706:
Panfili, J.; D. Thior; J.M. Ecoutin; P. Ndiaye & J.J. Albaret (2006). "Influence of salinity on the size at maturity for fish species reproducing in contrasting West
African estuaries".
468:
at the center of the disc. Young rays are otherwise smooth-skinned, while older rays over 20 cm (7.9 in) across gain a wide band of small, flattened, circular
422:
in shallow coastal waters to a depth of 60 m (200 ft), though most are found between 11 and 20 m (36 and 66 ft). This ray also reportedly frequents
857:
1249:
1130:
762:
583:
309:
998:
689:
582:
and industrial development may also threaten its population. Once common, catches of this slow-reproducing ray have become scarce in recent years, leading the
735:
The Dr. Fridtjof Nansen
Programme 1975–1993: Investigations of Fishery Resources in Developing Regions: History of the Programme and Review of Results
668:
Compagno, L.J.V. & T.R. Roberts (December 11, 1984). "Marine and freshwater stingrays (Dasyatidae) of West Africa, with description of a new species".
451:, with a fringed, subtly tri-lobed posterior margin; a pair of shallow grooves run from the skin flap to the corners of the bow-shaped mouth. There are 5
1290:
1305:
1236:
1117:
959:
1143:
514:. Females bear litters of 1–4 pups, with coastal lagoons and estuaries serving as a breeding ground. Reproductive activity peaks during the
1011:
805:
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1104:
883:
742:
828:
1262:
1169:
1037:
391:
1300:
452:
1148:
586:(IUCN) to assess it as Vulnerable. The daisy stingray has not yet been the target of any specific conservation schemes.
550:, and sold fresh, smoked, or dried and salted for human consumption. A wide variety of fishing gear is used, including
686:
74:
1003:
284:
denticle in the middle of its back called a "pearl spine"; this feature is shared with the similar but much smaller
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and Tyson
Roberts identified one of them as a pearl stingray and designated the other as the
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1029:
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715:
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551:
356:
262:
1083:
798:
Poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de basse Guinée, ouest de l'Afrique centrale (Volume 2)
693:
531:
469:
277:
146:
878:. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. p. 295.
616:
411:
407:
348:
347:. This species resembles, and is likely closely related to, the pearl stingray and the
292:), which has often been confused with this species. The daisy stingray feeds mainly on
285:
126:
116:
1284:
985:
824:
719:
625:
571:
430:; however, this also requires confirmation due to confusion with the pearl stingray.
59:
1215:
1096:
938:
555:
515:
494:
439:
308:, this once-common species is declining and has been assessed as Vulnerable by the
273:
272:. This species typically grows to 60 cm (24 in) across and has a rounded
518:
from April to
September, likely to correspond to high abundances of prey species.
30:
1201:
924:
481:
Little is known of the natural history of the daisy stingray. It feeds mainly on
972:
559:
269:
166:
530:
and potentially injurious to humans. The daisy stingray is caught by intensive
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395:
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86:
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737:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. p. 322.
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696:. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved on January 15, 2010.
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899:
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are short, with the tips projecting just past the disc margin.
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
763:"Spatial distribution and some body parameters of sting ray,
402:
may have been mistakenly based on the pearl stingray. This
526:
The tail spine of the daisy stingray is reportedly highly
280:
over its back. It is characterized by a greatly enlarged,
796:
Stiassny, M.L.J.; G.G. Teugels & C. Hopkins (2008).
756:
754:
300:, with litters of 1–4 young. Heavily pressured by
852:
850:
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864:. University of Ilorin. Retrieved on January 15, 2010.
663:
661:
659:
657:
1185:
1053:
908:
733:Sætersdal, G.; G. Bianchi & T. Strømme (1999).
386:The known range of the daisy stingray extends from
874:Mepham, R.; R.H. Hudges & J.S. Hughes (1992).
501:, some three-quarters of its diet consists of the
670:Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences
791:
789:
787:
640:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T161495A104172843.en
378:", referring to the large tubercle on its back.
584:International Union for Conservation of Nature
310:International Union for Conservation of Nature
774:Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
333:Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum
268:, found in shallow waters along the coast of
8:
767:(Gunther) in the inshore waters of Nigeria"
761:Omotosho, J.S. & M.O. Oyebanji (1996).
327:originally described the daisy stingray as
896:
819:
817:
48:
29:
20:
856:Omotosho, J.S. and M.O. Oyebanji (1997).
638:
460:pattern into pavement-like surfaces. The
447:. There is a curtain of skin between the
862:(Gunther) from Nigeria continental shore
510:. Like other stingrays, this species is
595:
7:
418:of 20–40 ppt. It favors sandy
394:; records of it occurring as far as
276:disc and (in adults) a wide band of
626:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
858:On some aspects of the biology of
800:. IRD Editions. pp. 161–163.
687:Catalog of Fishes (Online Version)
14:
1291:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
720:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01069.x
392:Democratic Republic of the Congo
73:
876:A Directory of African Wetlands
1:
16:Species of cartilaginous fish
1306:Taxa named by Albert GĂĽnther
538:occurring off the coasts of
1322:
221:
214:
195:
188:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
827:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
507:Farfantepenaeus duorarum
382:Distribution and habitat
841:. January 2010 version.
708:Journal of Fish Biology
633:: e.T161495A104172843.
1301:Fish described in 1870
363:for this species. The
910:Fontitrygon margarita
619:Fontitrygon margarita
574:, and hook-and-line.
512:aplacental viviparous
335:; subsequent authors
298:aplacental viviparity
251:Fontitrygon margarita
199:Fontitrygon margarita
692:May 3, 2015, at the
536:commercial fisheries
406:species is found in
370:is derived from the
253:, is a little-known
580:agricultural runoff
576:Habitat degradation
477:Biology and ecology
306:habitat degradation
40:Conservation status
1084:Dasyatis_margarita
1055:Dasyatis margarita
860:Dasyatis margarita
831:Dasyatis margarita
765:Dasyatis margarita
522:Human interactions
233:Dasyatis margarita
1278:
1277:
1157:Open Tree of Life
1025:Open Tree of Life
902:Taxon identifiers
807:978-2-7099-1620-2
243:
242:
237:
229:
181:F. margarita
63:
1313:
1271:
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1258:
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1187:Trygon margarita
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534:and small-scale
470:dermal denticles
365:specific epithet
357:Leonard Compagno
329:Trygon margarita
278:dermal denticles
235:
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225:Trygon margarita
201:
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412:brackish waters
404:bottom-dwelling
384:
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290:F. margaritella
236:(GĂĽnther, 1870)
210:
203:
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147:Myliobatiformes
72:
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53:
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24:Daisy stingray
17:
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825:Froese, Rainer
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676:(18): 283–300.
653:
594:
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523:
520:
478:
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383:
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353:D. garouaensis
349:Niger stingray
331:, in his 1870
325:Albert GĂĽnther
317:
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286:pearl stingray
247:daisy stingray
241:
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556:bottom trawls
553:
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548:CĂ´te d'Ivoire
545:
541:
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533:
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521:
519:
517:
513:
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495:annelid worms
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304:and possibly
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296:and exhibits
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228:GĂĽnther, 1870
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190:Binomial name
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673:
672:. Series 4.
669:
644:. Retrieved
630:
624:
618:
572:beach seines
560:trammel nets
525:
516:rainy season
505:
480:
466:
440:pectoral fin
437:
385:
367:
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274:pectoral fin
250:
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198:
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180:
179:
167:
133:Superorder:
18:
1296:Fontitrygon
973:iNaturalist
646:20 November
462:pelvic fins
434:Description
337:synonymized
294:crustaceans
270:West Africa
168:Fontitrygon
1285:Categories
714:: 95–113.
590:References
396:Mauritania
339:the genus
266:Dasyatidae
157:Dasyatidae
123:Subclass:
55:Vulnerable
1202:Q46394886
925:Q46394787
552:longlines
532:artisanal
445:spiracles
428:estuaries
368:margarita
361:lectotype
322:zoologist
302:fisheries
175:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1255:11185072
1196:Wikidata
1136:10768946
1064:Wikidata
947:FishBase
919:Wikidata
838:FishBase
690:Archived
564:gillnets
528:venomous
491:bivalves
458:quincunx
453:papillae
420:habitats
416:salinity
345:Dasyatis
320:British
316:Taxonomy
312:(IUCN).
282:nacreous
259:stingray
216:Synonyms
153:Family:
137:Batoidea
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1242:7912398
1123:2419511
1070:Q145364
1043:1042838
1017:1042838
1004:1213676
965:9577286
540:Senegal
499:Nigeria
424:lagoons
414:with a
390:to the
388:Senegal
261:in the
255:species
209:, 1870)
207:GĂĽnther
163:Genus:
143:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1268:322220
1229:123734
1175:271442
1162:153861
1149:564366
1110:124566
1030:153861
991:161495
978:623836
882:
804:
741:
546:, and
503:shrimp
497:. Off
493:, and
483:shrimp
408:marine
400:Angola
341:Trygon
263:family
1263:WoRMS
1250:IRMNG
1224:EUNIS
1216:7CYB7
1170:WoRMS
1131:IRMNG
1105:EUNIS
1097:347CK
1038:WoRMS
939:6JDLF
770:(PDF)
578:from
568:traps
544:Ghana
487:crabs
449:nares
376:pearl
374:for "
372:Latin
343:with
1237:GBIF
1144:ITIS
1118:GBIF
1012:OBIS
999:NCBI
986:IUCN
960:GBIF
952:4954
880:ISBN
802:ISBN
739:ISBN
648:2021
631:2021
438:The
426:and
410:and
398:and
245:The
1211:CoL
1092:CoL
1079:ADW
934:CoL
716:doi
635:doi
257:of
1287::
1265::
1252::
1239::
1226::
1213::
1198::
1172::
1159::
1146::
1133::
1120::
1107::
1094::
1081::
1066::
1040::
1027::
1014::
1001::
988::
975::
962::
949::
936::
921::
847:^
835:.
816:^
786:^
778:11
776:.
772:.
753:^
712:69
710:.
674:43
656:^
629:.
623:.
598:^
570:,
566:,
562:,
558:,
554:,
542:,
489:,
485:,
249:,
888:.
833:"
829:"
810:.
780:.
747:.
722:.
718::
650:.
637::
621:"
617:"
351:(
288:(
205:(
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
