470:. Among the structures built, there were three residential buildings, a school, a veterinary station, a hospital, a bathhouse and a boarding school. By the end of the year there were 75 residents. However, there was resistance from the part of the native population to the system of cooperatives, district committees and to have their children educated at the school of the cultural base. In the first academic year 1929/1930, only 17 students enrolled at the school and even though the number of students rose to 44 in the following year, the base was wrapped up owing to low efficiency. However, the
531:
443:(ITL - Исправительно-трудовой лагерь) of the USSR were used as miners, as well as for the building of the infrastructure that the region lacked. Development of the area included industrial, railway, airfield, harbor and road construction, as well as providing the administrative and urban structure for a territory which previously had had no roads and no cities.
421:
The main purpose of
Dalstroy as an organization was to obtain benefits for the state from little-known and little-explored territories of Northeast Siberia. Expeditions were financed by the USSR in order to explore the region as early as 1928. the First Kolyma Expedition in 1928 led by geologist
481:
The administration of
Dalstroy grew increasingly complex over the years, not only as a result of various geographical centers but also with the establishment of separate units to provide geological surveying, motorized transport, management of secondary economies, road administration, steamship
1146:, through Ust-Umshug and Susuman and at the Sverovostok Zoloto gold mine, Siberia, by the first foreign film crew ever, visiting the Kolyma District -which had been under control of the Soviet secret service, under the company name Dalstroj, for over 60 years.
29:
458:. Since the area was chosen as a harbor for future operations, a plan for the establishment of an East Even Cultural Base (Восточно-Эвенская культбаза) was carried out. After surveying the area in 1928, the spot of the base was chosen by
434:
Dalstroy authorities chose civilians employed as labor force, but faced with the harsh climate, with long winters and extremely low temperatures, working conditions were brutal from the onset. After the organization was placed under the
710:
In the words of prisoner Ayyub
Baghirov, "The entire administration of the Dalstroy – economic, administrative, physical and political – was in the hands of one person who was invested with many rights and privileges."
744:
430:
resulted in the discovery of gold deposits in
Northeast Siberia. From then onward, emphasis was laid in ambitious mining operations to obtain the maximum amount of gold and other strategically important minerals.
478:(AKO) erected a building. More ships entered the harbor and the area continued developing, paving the way for modern Magadan. Some of the East Even Cultural Base buildings survived well into the 1980s.
1489:
1154:
1091:). It focuses on Dalstroy in Kolyma, on various aspects of organized brutality, and on the ideology proletarian dictatorship. The book is available at www.amazon.com .
222:
camps across the Kolyma region. As a result of a number of decisions, the total area covered by
Dalstroy grew to three million square kilometers by 1951. The town of
1494:
517:
obtained ships of his own so as to have more freedom of action. By 1938 Glavsevmorput had lost much of its political support, leaving
Dalstroy firmly in control.
851:
762:'s death in 1953, the reorganization of the Dalstroy basically split its functions into three parts. The administration of labor camps was reorganized into
494:
201:
1113:
McCannon, John: Red Arctic: polar exploration and the myth of the north in the Soviet Union, 1932–1939, Oxford
University Press, 1998, 234p,
1088:
530:
466:. Construction began in 1929 in order to settle and re-educate the local population and to educate the younger generation in line with the
771:
934:
1359:
1124:
David
Nordlander: Magadan and the Economic History of Dalstroi in the 1930s. Hoover Press: Gregory/Gulag DP0 HGRESG0600 rev1 p. 105.
1118:
1108:
992:
948:
916:
1063:
884:
962:Историческая хроника Магаданской области: События и факты, (Historical Chronicle of the Magadan Region) 1917–1972, Magadan, 1975
1083:
Ludwik
Kowalski, "Hell on Earth: Brutality and Violence Under the Stalinist Regime," published by Wasteland Press (July 2008;
1180:
1033:
1149:
Along Russia's "Road of Bones", Relics of
Suffering and Despair. Andrew Higgins, Photographs and Video by Emile Ducke.
1220:
1094:
475:
467:
971:
Established by Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR for Dalstroy ships and onshore facilities.
1499:
1300:
613:
182:
137:
125:
727:
113:
666:
Air service in Dalstroy administered territories began in 1932. By 1946 Dalstroy had an air transport branch,
1484:
1158:
587:
513:
and shipping from there to Magadan. Over the years, however, as Dalstroy grew more powerful, its director
427:
211:
131:
1045:
1261:
679:
603:
440:
173:, was an organization set up in 1931 in order to manage road construction and the mining of gold in the
616:
were used at times to transport prisoners to various locations operated by Dalstroy. Examples include
1269:
1256:
1095:
Kolyma – Off to the Unknown – Stalin's Notorious Prison Camps in Siberia by Ayyub Baghirov (1906–1973)
1006:
670:(1946–1957), under the Dalstroy Air Transport Directorate. The aircraft flown by the airline included
1310:
631:
624:
1295:
935:Акт о выборе площади для месторасположения Восточно-Эвенской (Нагаевской) культурной базы (1929 г.)
490:
1305:
739:
638:
218:
Dalstroy oversaw the development and mining of the area. Over the years, Dalstroy created some 80
1290:
1173:
1139:
563:
506:
502:
1246:
459:
1241:
1114:
1104:
1084:
988:
471:
778:
and other adjacent territorial subdivisions. Dalstroy remained a purely economic enterprise.
652:
579:
862:
829:
645:
174:
165:
153:
899:
1251:
1215:
1067:
920:
888:
687:
671:
208:
and in 1945 it was reorganized and renamed. After the 1952 reorganization it was known as
913:
1236:
1210:
1205:
1123:
775:
691:
683:
539:
509:) for coordination of supplies and transport. Glavsevmorput managed railway traffic to
190:
186:
178:
1057:
881:
1504:
1478:
1285:
1166:
1135:
1034:
Ayyub Baghirov – The Bitter Days of Kolyma from Azerbaijan International, Spring 2006
797:
759:
718:
514:
119:
107:
1142:(VPRO/The Netherlands/1994) was filmed in the summer of 1993 in Magadan, along the
699:
695:
675:
617:
595:
538:
An account of the many ships used over the years to transport prisoners across the
423:
914:
A.I. Shirokov. The history of the formation and activities of Dalstroy in 1931-41
510:
447:
426:
and the Second Kolyma Expedition in 1931–1932, organized by Bilibin and led by
1132:
792:
787:
571:
463:
28:
1331:
547:
1379:
Troops in Security of Industrial Infrastructure of Specially Importance
1101:
Stalin's slave ships: Kolyma, the Gulag fleet, and the role of the West
985:
Stalin’s slave ships: Kolyma, the Gulag fleet, and the role of the West
543:
498:
223:
93:
1021:, in Вестник Университета Дмитрия Пожарского. 2016, No1(3). p. 192-209
763:
451:
1326:
1061:История Дальстроя (History of Dalstroy) from the kolyma.ru website
1048:), Biography from the General.dk site. Retrieved 14 February 2007.
767:
529:
455:
219:
482:
navigation on the River Koyma, and port and terminal management.
1190:
436:
205:
1162:
949:
Magadan - History of the development and formation of the city
200:(Главное Управление строительства Дальнего Севера) under the
1046:
Petrenko Ivan Grigorevich, Major-General, (1904–1950) (NKVD
1002:
1000:
1019:
The Development of Air Transport in Dalstroy in 1932–1957
766:(North-East Corrective Labor-Force Administration) of
505:, a Soviet agency for exploiting resources across the
834:Гла́вное управле́ние строи́тельства Да́льнего Се́вера
554:. Among the Dalstroy fleet were the following ships:
204:
of the Soviet Union. In 1938 it was placed under the
198:
General Directorate of Construction in the Far North
1413:
1319:
1278:
1229:
1198:
100:
87:
79:
61:
43:
38:
210:Main Directorate of Camps and Construction of the
900:Essays on the History of Geographical Discoveries
774:apparatus were subordinated to the newly created
770:. The administration of the territory and local
1174:
837:
8:
1376:Troops in Security of Railway Infrastructure
979:
977:
16:
1189:People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (
852:Kolyma region - Central Intelligence Agency
1181:
1167:
1159:
867:ГУ лагерей и строительства Дальнего Севера
714:The officials in charge of Dalstroy were:
493:explains how Dalstroy initially relied on
27:
1490:Gold mining companies of the Soviet Union
550:is given by Martin Bollinger in his book
238:
809:
1495:Shipping companies of the Soviet Union
15:
724:Karp Aleksandrovich Pavlov, 1937–1939
164:
7:
1397:Camps of Hydrotechnical Construction
733:Ivan Grigorevich Petrenko, 1948–1950
412:Figures for 1 January for each year.
83:Special type (комбинат особого типа)
772:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
614:Far East State Sea Shipping Company
226:was the base for these activities.
612:In addition, several ships of the
235:Background and scope of activities
14:
546:as well as to the Arctic port of
454:region was sparsely inhabited by
242:Prisoners at Dalstroy facilities
1327:Camps and Places of Imprisonment
439:in 1938, prisoners from various
196:Initially it was established as
501:for Main Administration of the
1394:Political Propaganda of Troops
1332:Workers' and Peasants' Militia
1:
1352:Construction at the Far North
1342:State Filming and Cartography
1130:*** GOLD*** - lost in Siberia
1070:. Retrieved 14 February 2007.
476:Kamchatka Joint-Stock Company
474:grew around the base and the
1336:Border and Internal Security
414:Figure for 1932 for December
202:Ministry of Internal Affairs
171:Far North Construction Trust
91:Dalstroy General Directorate
1036:. Retrieved 6 February 2007
1521:
1406:Railway Construction Camps
1403:Railway Construction Camps
1391:Railway Construction Camps
562:, which later was renamed
468:Soviet Cultural Revolution
116:(1937–1939), Head director
1103:, Praeger, 2003, 217 p.,
1066:December 9, 2006, at the
887:December 9, 2006, at the
866:
838:
833:
462:at a certain location in
410:
406:
241:
189:and parts of present-day
157:
26:
21:
1348:Measurements and Weights
736:I.L. Mitrakov, 1951–1956
728:Ivan Fedorovich Nikishov
1007:ASN - Dalstroi Aviation
719:Eduard Petrovich Berzin
1400:Local Anti-Air Defense
1099:Bollinger, Martin J.,
983:Bollinger, Martin J.,
535:
67:; 67 years ago
49:; 92 years ago
1388:Military Construction
533:
428:Valentin Tsaregradsky
110:(1931–1937), Director
47:13 November 1931
1414:Territorial agencies
552:Stalin's Slave Ships
534:Dalstroy Fleet flag.
166:[dɐlʲˈstroj]
18:
1385:Military Logistics
1266:Aleksandr Kovalyov
1262:Vasiliy Chernyshov
1151:The New York Times
1140:Theo Uittenbogaard
919:2013-05-27 at the
882:Dalstroy prisoners
606:Sovetskaya Latviya
590:Felix Dzherzhinsky
536:
503:Northern Sea Route
497:or GUSMP (Russian
472:village of Nagaevo
441:forced labor camps
140:(1956–1957), Chief
134:(1950–1956), Chief
128:(1948–1950), Chief
122:(1939–1948), Chief
33:Emblem of Dalstroy
1472:
1471:
1320:Main Directorates
1242:Mikhail Frinovsky
1153:. Nov. 22, 2020.
1089:978-1-60047-232-9
1017:М. V. Tretyakov.
987:, Praeger, 2003,
668:Dalstroy Aviation
419:
418:
415:
169:), also known as
147:
146:
101:Agency executives
1512:
1500:Russian Far East
1279:NKVD Secretaries
1270:Vasiliy Karutsky
1257:Semyon Zhukovsky
1183:
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1160:
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239:
177:, including the
175:Russian Far East
168:
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75:
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68:
65:29 May 1957
57:
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50:
31:
19:
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1519:
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1475:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1465:Karelia-Finland
1409:
1315:
1274:
1252:Leonid Zakovsky
1225:
1216:Lavrentiy Beria
1194:
1187:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1068:Wayback Machine
1058:
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889:Wayback Machine
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824:
816:Also romanized
815:
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688:Yakovlev Yak-12
672:Polikarpov Po-2
664:
528:
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413:
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39:Agency overview
34:
12:
11:
5:
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1485:Gulag industry
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1311:Stepan Mamulov
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1301:Mikhail Petrov
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1237:Nikolai Yezhov
1233:
1231:
1230:NKVD Collegium
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1221:Sergei Kruglov
1218:
1213:
1211:Nikolai Yezhov
1208:
1206:Genrikh Yagoda
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776:Magadan Oblast
755:
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737:
734:
731:
725:
722:
707:
704:
702:flying boats.
692:Kawasaki Ki-56
684:Polikarpov P-5
663:
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569:
540:Sea of Okhotsk
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191:Kamchatka Krai
179:Magadan Region
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1399:
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1382:Escort Troops
1381:
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1375:
1373:Border Troops
1372:
1369:
1366:
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1339:Fire Security
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1296:Isaak Shapiro
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1286:Pavel Bulanov
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1144:Road of Bones
1141:
1137:
1136:Gerard Jacobs
1133:
1131:
1128:Documentary
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1119:0-19-511436-1
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1109:0-275-98100-2
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798:Vaninsky port
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760:Joseph Stalin
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515:Eduard Berzin
512:
508:
504:
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495:Glavsevmorput
492:
491:John McCannon
488:
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450:shore of the
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130:
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126:Ivan Petrenko
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120:Ivan Nikishov
118:
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108:Eduard Berzin
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64:
60:
46:
42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
1456:Turkmenistan
1351:
1306:Pyotr Sharia
1150:
1143:
1129:
1100:
1059:(in Russian)
1053:
1041:
1029:
1023:(in Russian)
1018:
1013:
984:
967:
960:(in Russian)
955:
944:
938:(in Russian)
930:
924:(in Russian)
909:
903:(in Russian)
895:
879:(in Russian)
874:
858:
847:
825:
817:
812:
757:
740:Yuri Chuguev
713:
709:
696:Antonov An-2
680:Douglas C-47
676:Lisunov Li-2
667:
665:
654:
647:
640:
633:
626:
619:
611:
605:
597:
589:
581:
573:
565:
559:
551:
537:
486:
485:In his book
484:
480:
445:
433:
424:Yuri Bilibin
420:
217:
209:
197:
195:
170:
149:
148:
88:Headquarters
1291:Yakov Deich
836:; acronym:
749:, 1956–1957
743: [
730:, 1940–1948
721:, 1932–1937
700:Beriev MP-1
634:Shaturstroi
627:Dneprostroi
511:Vladivostok
448:Okhotsk Sea
185:, parts of
114:Karp Pavlov
1479:Categories
1462:Tajikistan
1459:Uzbekistan
1453:Kyrgyzstan
1450:Kazakhstan
1435:Azerbaijan
1423:Belorussia
1247:Lev Belsky
1078:References
793:Sevvostlag
788:Butugychag
754:Disbanding
706:Leadership
487:Red Arctic
464:Nagaev Bay
158:Дальстро́й
96:, U.S.S.R.
72:1957-05-29
54:1931-11-13
22:Дальстро́й
1444:Lithuania
1199:Ministers
804:Footnotes
641:Syasstroi
620:Nevastroi
598:Indigirka
548:Ambarchik
521:Transport
507:far north
460:Karl Luks
212:Far North
62:Dissolved
1447:Moldavia
1356:Archives
1345:Highways
1064:Archived
917:Archived
885:Archived
818:Dalstroi
782:See also
662:Aviation
604:MV
596:SS
588:SS
580:SS
572:SS
566:Dalstroi
564:SS
526:Shipping
396:175,078
382:199,726
368:182,958
354:153,317
340:108,685
326:106,893
183:Chukotka
150:Dalstroy
17:Dalstroy
1438:Estonia
1432:Armenia
1429:Georgia
1426:Ukraine
1364:Economy
863:Russian
830:Russian
574:Dzhurma
544:Magadan
499:acronym
404:107,775
390:177,775
376:187,976
362:190,309
348:138,170
312:93,322
298:73,060
284:93,542
270:84,716
256:Number
230:History
224:Magadan
187:Yakutia
154:Russian
94:Magadan
70: (
52: (
1441:Latvia
1420:Russia
1117:
1107:
1087:
991:
764:USVITL
758:After
651:, and
560:Yagoda
452:Kolyma
334:90,741
320:70,414
306:48,740
292:36,313
278:29,659
264:11,100
250:Number
44:Formed
839:ГУСДС
768:Gulag
747:]
456:Evens
220:Gulag
1505:NKVD
1370:Jail
1191:NKVD
1138:and
1115:ISBN
1105:ISBN
1085:ISBN
989:ISBN
694:and
655:Kiev
582:Kulu
446:The
437:NKVD
401:1943
393:1953
387:1942
379:1952
373:1941
365:1951
359:1940
351:1950
345:1939
337:1949
331:1938
323:1948
317:1937
309:1947
303:1936
295:1946
289:1935
281:1945
275:1934
267:1944
261:1932
253:Year
247:Year
206:NKVD
162:IPA:
80:Type
1134:by
653:SS
648:KIM
646:SS
639:SS
632:SS
625:SS
618:SS
558:SS
542:to
1481::
999:^
976:^
865::
832::
745:ru
690:,
686:,
682:,
678:,
674:,
658:.
644:,
637:,
630:,
623:,
489:,
215:.
193:.
181:,
160:,
156::
1193:)
1182:e
1175:t
1168:v
869:.
842:.
820:.
152:(
74:)
56:)
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