59:
1171:
1186:, who had four sons by two wives, sought to select his youngest son for the succession of the kingdom. In reaction the three older brothers assassinated their father, with the assistance of the Kandyan ruler, and divided the kingdom among themselves. With this partition the fragmentation of the Sri Lankan polity seemed well beyond the capacity of any statesman to repair. The Kandyan ruler took advantage of the situation in a cynical and shrewd move to aggravate the political instability as an opportunity to assert their independence from the control of Kotte. Kanday ruler
1156:(king) and rule parts of the kingdom. This practice was possibly tolerated to humour princes who had some claim to the throne by giving them positions of responsibility, and the belief that having loyal relatives in outlying districts afforded some security to the king. However this political structure inevitably led to its own weakening in the long run, as those princes, who could, virtually administered the areas they claimed as autonomous principalities.
4074:
3667:
2331:
448:
4084:
3677:
2341:
2351:
1117:, but actual power was limited to within their own boundaries. Despite areas under its direct jurisdiction changing from time to time, Kotte held the island's lands where trade and agriculture were most developed. The Kotte kings were the largest land owners in the country, with much of the royal income coming from land revenue as opposed to trade. The
950:
clergy. Parâkkamabâhu II inherited the throne from
Vijayabâhu III. He was considered a genius who was a great poet and prolific writer. Among the books he wrote are Kausilumina, which is considered a great piece of literature. Unifying the three kingdoms that existed within Sri Lanka at that point in
989:
in 1250, but it later became independent with the fragmentation of the
Pandyan control. For a brief period, in the early and middle 14th century, it was an ascendant power in the island of Sri Lanka when all regional kingdoms accepted subordination. However, the Jaffna kingdom came under the rule of
954:
Vijayabâhu, as the eldest son of Parâkkamabâhu II, was crowned in 1270. He was well known for his modest behaviour and for his religious activities. He was killed in the second year of his reign by a minister called
Miththa. After the demise of his elder brother Vijayabâhu, king Bhuvanaikabâhu I, as
941:
is an ancient capital of Sri Lanka. Four kings ruled from there, Vijayabâhu III (1220â1236), Parâkkamabâhu II (1236â1270), Vijayabâhu IV (1270â1272), and
Bhuvanaikabâhu I (1272â1283). The first king to choose Dambadeniya as his capital was Vijayabâhu III. He was able to bring about unity among the
1141:, but sought to do so over its commerce by means of subjugation through naval power. Using their superior technology and sea power at points of weakness or divisions, the Portuguese would attain influence in greater proportions to their actual strength. Portuguese anxiety to establish a
1128:
entered into the internal politics of Sri Lanka. Largely by accident, first contact between the two nations was in 1505-06. But it was not until 1517-18 that the
Portuguese sought to establish a fortified trading settlement in order to establish control over the island's
58:
2840:
998:. He ruled the North from 1450 to 1467. It was freed of Kotte control in 1467. Its subsequent rulers directed their energies towards consolidating its economic potential by maximising revenue from
1121:(Royal lands) accounted for more than three quarter of the annual royal income, and monetization of the economy in the littoral region began at least as far back as the fifteenth century.
1589:
1137:, who had established themselves on the island and controlled a large portion of its external trade. The Portuguese at no stage established dominance over the politics of
2937:
1152:
Kotte suffered from persistent succession disputes during this time. Though all were subordinate to the emperor of Kotte, brothers of the king would take the title
496:
4039:
2942:
946:
who had scattered due to the hostile invasion of the
Kalinga magha. He also succeeded in holding a Buddhist convention in 1226 to bring about peace among the
2061:
2056:
2882:
2387:
1190:(1511â52) readily aided the three princes against their father, and it was clear the decline of the Kingdom of Kotte was necessary for the rise of the
959:
for reasons of security. He followed his father's footsteps as a writer and continued with the religious activities started by his brother
Vijayabâhu.
4108:
3713:
3633:
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2334:
2051:
434:
1582:
2498:
905:
879:
356:
345:
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was one such and the most eventful of succession disputes in the kingdom and would trigger the most chaotic period in the history of Sri Lanka.
285:
281:
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3036:
2932:
2835:
2828:
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2745:
1323:
1304:
1285:
1266:
1133:
trade, as opposed to territorial conquest. The building of a fort, near
Colombo, had to be given up due popular hostility that was fanned by
524:
in 1597. The period is characterised by the succession of capitals that followed the fall of the
Polonnaruwa Kingdom and the creation of the
3086:
2855:
2724:
2019:
1873:
3963:
3628:
3269:
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3157:
2790:
1575:
1551:
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1170:
254:
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2701:
1601:
489:
2024:
4008:
2865:
2860:
2655:
1474:
1450:
1040:
came to Sri Lanka and wrote a book about it. The
Gadaladeniya Viharaya is the main building made in the Gampola Kingdom period. The
3021:
2740:
2609:
1953:
329:
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3329:
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3239:
3199:
3110:
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2850:
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2226:
2036:
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1507:
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529:
258:
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313:
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3244:
3140:
3130:
3053:
3031:
2534:
2426:
2380:
1664:
1608:
1097:
By the Sixteenth century the population of the island was approximately 750,000, the majority, 400-450 thousand lived in the
1036:
by Buwanekabahu IV, he is said to be the son of Sawulu VijayabÄhu. During this time, a muslim traveller and geographer named
724:
469:
429:
219:
3706:
3540:
3359:
3324:
3309:
2972:
2845:
2650:
1991:
1833:
1528:"Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu: an open access resource, Singapore: Asia Research Institute and the Singapore E-Press"
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402:
321:
41:
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978:
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3319:
3167:
3120:
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2823:
2795:
2645:
2640:
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2086:
1775:
1110:
2635:
464:
4003:
3908:
3284:
3101:
2769:
2660:
2431:
2307:
2134:
2009:
1669:
1213:
1056:
995:
685:
3618:
3490:
3467:
3401:
3232:
2696:
2421:
2373:
1943:
1811:
1659:
1422:
1114:
991:
672:
459:
4013:
3730:
3699:
3638:
3495:
3294:
3222:
3115:
2780:
703:
3623:
2959:
2014:
3958:
3923:
3878:
3608:
3577:
3450:
3396:
3150:
3145:
3041:
2817:
2679:
2468:
2463:
2279:
2274:
2156:
2081:
1904:
1442:
913:
640:
601:
158:
136:
132:
125:
3545:
3525:
3259:
1010:
than most of other regional kingdoms in the island of the same period. During this period, important local
3848:
3843:
3738:
3648:
3515:
3428:
3418:
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3076:
3063:
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2718:
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2539:
2264:
2106:
2101:
1948:
1780:
1737:
1692:
1183:
1109:
in the South, and from the central highlands to the western coast. The Kotte kings regarded themselves as
933:
698:
517:
419:
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325:
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2524:
2493:
2269:
2179:
2145:
1754:
837:
424:
306:
192:
188:
89:
1527:
4054:
3933:
3928:
3808:
3643:
3582:
3482:
3369:
3299:
3227:
3214:
3016:
2731:
2619:
2529:
2448:
2416:
2184:
1785:
1654:
874:
819:
582:
409:
223:
196:
165:
50:
31:
4028:
3998:
3948:
3903:
3883:
3873:
3773:
3500:
3423:
2907:
2569:
2473:
2231:
2206:
1921:
1747:
1179:
782:
664:
617:
397:
250:
181:
140:
4083:
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1732:
3973:
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3510:
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2554:
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1926:
1861:
1770:
1696:
1674:
1623:
1041:
1033:
1027:
887:
756:
716:
654:
352:
212:
103:
1118:
4018:
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3918:
3853:
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3823:
3783:
3768:
3763:
3520:
3339:
3314:
2894:
2579:
2436:
2115:
1470:
1446:
1101:
which was the largest and most powerful polity on the island. Its boundaries reached from the
943:
2514:
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3938:
3913:
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1931:
1700:
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1187:
1134:
1098:
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1072:
452:
317:
1790:
3898:
3863:
3818:
3813:
3722:
3091:
2800:
2111:
1857:
1849:
1208:
635:
1491:
3438:
3177:
3172:
3135:
2917:
2912:
2589:
2544:
2488:
2046:
2004:
1977:
1868:
1631:
1460:
1102:
1076:
1052:
1011:
982:
968:
800:
769:
571:
525:
521:
392:
274:
1059:. Zheng He captured King Vira Alakesvara and later released him. Zheng He erected the
4102:
4077:
2519:
2312:
2302:
1999:
974:
832:
227:
1511:
3182:
2594:
2584:
2164:
2091:
1806:
1639:
1106:
853:
787:
289:
1051:
and his naval expeditionary force landed at Galle, Sri Lanka in 1409 and got into
17:
1567:
1464:
1436:
4087:
2411:
2297:
2095:
1894:
1889:
1037:
986:
938:
3187:
2174:
2139:
1911:
1303:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFThe_trilingual_inscription_of_Admiral_Zheng2015 (
1142:
1138:
577:
96:
3570:
3565:
3192:
2396:
1203:
1068:
512:
82:
75:
1438:
Buddha in the Crown: AvalokiteĹvara in the Buddhist Traditions of Sri Lanka
1298:
1938:
1899:
1821:
1146:
1130:
1125:
1048:
1003:
956:
947:
895:
1916:
1826:
1816:
1007:
2365:
1530:. Translated by Wade, Geoff. National University of Singapore. 2005
1018:
temples were built, including an academy for language advancement.
3691:
1169:
1064:
1015:
999:
981:, in South India. It was a tribute-paying feudatory region of the
1265:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFVoyages_of_Zheng_He_1405â14332015 (
1153:
3695:
2369:
2201:
1972:
1687:
1571:
990:
the south on one occasion; in 1450, following the conquest by
1260:
973:
The Jaffna kingdom came into existence after the invasion of
1403:
1401:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1347:
1345:
1149:
trade drew them further into the politics of Sri Lanka.
955:
the next in line to the throne, shifted the capital to
1113:(Emperors), laying claim to the whole island, after
4027:
3987:
3729:
3591:
3481:
3389:
3380:
3213:
3062:
3007:
2958:
2893:
2809:
2759:
2710:
2687:
2678:
2628:
2507:
2456:
2447:
2404:
2290:
2247:
2219:
2155:
2127:
2074:
1990:
1882:
1842:
1799:
1763:
1713:
914:Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic
1492:"The trilingual inscription of Admiral Zheng He"
1299:The trilingual inscription of Admiral Zheng 2015
1284:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMing_Voyages2015 (
951:time is regarded as his greatest achievement.
27:Period of Sri Lankan history from 1232 to 1597
3707:
2381:
1583:
490:
8:
1279:
1322:sfn error: no target: CITEREFZheng_He2015 (
1160:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century (1521â1597)
3714:
3700:
3692:
3386:
2684:
2453:
2388:
2374:
2366:
2198:
1969:
1684:
1590:
1576:
1568:
1044:is also a main building built in Gampola.
497:
483:
35:
2841:Deputy speaker and chairman of committees
1407:
1392:
1380:
1363:
1351:
1317:
1174:Sri Lanka after VijayabÄ Kollaya in 1521
543:
1552:"Land tenure in 16th Century Sri Lanka"
1229:
373:
113:
65:
49:
38:
1469:. Colombo: Vijitha Yapa Publications.
1336:
1006:exports and land revenue. It was less
1510:. world heritage site. Archived from
1145:in Sri Lanka to control the island's
7:
2938:Directorate of Military Intelligence
1550:Pieris, Kamalika (4 November 2011).
1248:
1236:
540:Periodization of Sri Lanka history:
2350:
1261:Voyages of Zheng He 1405â1433 2015
25:
2943:Criminal Investigation Department
4109:Transitional period of Sri Lanka
4082:
4073:
4072:
3675:
3666:
3665:
2349:
2339:
2330:
2329:
1954:Sri Subodharama Raja Maha Vihara
977:, who is said to have been from
446:
57:
2565:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
2227:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
2037:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
1743:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
1166:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
530:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
520:, in 1232, to the start of the
259:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
4040:British Indian Ocean Territory
2535:Chola conquest of Anuradhapura
1083:), to commemorate his visit.
928:Dambadeniya period (1232â1341)
1:
2846:Deputy Chairman of Committees
2010:Jaffna under Tambralinga rule
2042:Jaffna under Portuguese rule
1723:Malay invasions of Sri Lanka
1061:Galle Trilingual Inscription
1014:literature was produced and
4125:
2933:State Intelligence Service
2308:Delgamuwa Raja Maha Vihara
1420:
1214:List of Sinhalese monarchs
1163:
1090:
1057:Vira Alakesvara of Gampola
1025:
1022:Gampola period (1341â1412)
966:
963:Jaffna Kingdom (1215â1624)
931:
653:
516:spans from the end of the
29:
4068:
3661:
3092:Grama Niladhari divisions
2746:National Security Council
2325:
2197:
1968:
1944:Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
1683:
1650:
1618:
1423:Bibliography of Sri Lanka
1032:The capital was moved to
883:
878:
873:
852:
841:
836:
831:
804:
799:
781:
752:
747:
720:
715:
697:
668:
663:
634:
595:
592:
576:
569:
228:Invasion of Kalinga Magha
3789:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3072:Administrative divisions
2950:Sri Lanka Police Service
2856:Leader of the Opposition
2499:Sri Lanka (1948âpresent)
2239:SinhaleseâPortuguese War
2032:SinhaleseâPortuguese War
1728:SinhaleseâPortuguese War
1087:Kotte period (1412â1597)
699:Post-classical Sri Lanka
286:Second KandyanâDutch war
255:Wars of Kotte Succession
4050:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3151:Knuckles Mountain Range
3146:Hanthana Mountain Range
3087:Divisional Secretariats
3042:Sri Lanka Freedom Party
2469:Pre Anuradhapura period
2015:Jaffna under Kotte rule
1443:Oxford University Press
896:Constitutional monarchy
511:Transitional period of
282:First KandyanâDutch war
193:Dutthagamani's campaign
3629:International rankings
3270:Science and technology
3255:Information technology
2968:Provincial governments
2741:Administrative Service
2702:Constitutional Council
2265:House of Siri Sanga Bo
2107:House of Siri Sanga Bo
2102:Aryacakravarti dynasty
1949:Kotte Raja Maha Vihara
1905:Yapahuwa rock fortress
1781:House of Siri Sanga Bo
1693:Kingdom of Dambadeniya
1466:A History of Sri Lanka
1175:
934:Kingdom of Dambadeniya
875:Contemporary Sri Lanka
783:Early Modern Sri Lanka
518:Kingdom of Polonnaruwa
3047:United National Party
2866:Chief Opposition Whip
2861:Chief Government Whip
2610:Independence movement
2494:British Ceylon period
2180:Kotagama inscriptions
2146:Yalpana Vaipava Malai
1755:Convention of Malvana
1173:
1124:During this time the
578:Prehistoric Sri Lanka
166:Indo-Aryan settlement
3964:United Arab Emirates
3473:World Heritage Sites
2185:Madawala inscription
2005:Pandyan Principality
1738:Kandyan independence
1494:. lankalibrary forum
1105:in the North to the
1063:, a stone tablet at
1055:with the local king
1042:Lankatilaka Viharaya
880:Sri Lanka since 1948
453:Sri Lanka portal
435:World Heritage Sites
290:KandyanâBritish wars
224:Sinhalese Resistance
197:Fall of Anuradhapura
51:History of Sri Lanka
32:History of Sri Lanka
3991:limited recognition
3022:Electoral districts
2871:Secretaries-General
2851:Leader of the House
2791:Magistrate's Courts
2484:Transitional period
2474:Anuradhapura period
2207:Kingdom of Sitawaka
2052:Portuguese conquest
1922:Gadaladeniya Vihara
1605:Transitional period
1435:Holt, John (1991).
686:Middle Anuradhapura
189:Arrival of Buddhism
3599:Capital punishment
2978:Municipal councils
2615:Dominion of Ceylon
2479:Polonnaruwa period
1927:Lankatilaka Vihara
1834:Irrigation network
1675:Polonnaruwa period
1624:Dambadeniya period
1176:
1028:Kingdom of Gampola
673:Early Anuradhapura
365:1948–present
18:Dambadeniya period
4096:
4095:
4033:other territories
3689:
3688:
3657:
3656:
3614:Gender inequality
3561:Traditional games
3412:Sexual Minorities
3141:Central Highlands
3032:Foreign relations
3003:
3002:
2973:Local governments
2895:National security
2674:
2673:
2666:Sexual Minorities
2580:Portuguese Ceylon
2363:
2362:
2321:
2320:
2211:
2193:
2192:
2116:Portuguese puppet
2025:Liberation battle
1982:
1964:
1963:
1705:
1280:Ming Voyages 2015
1067:written in three
923:Political history
919:
918:
854:Colonial monarchy
704:Late Anuradhapura
636:Ancient Sri Lanka
507:
506:
430:Tamil immigration
369:
368:
205:377 BC–1017
16:(Redirected from
4116:
4086:
4076:
4075:
4045:Christmas Island
3731:Sovereign states
3716:
3709:
3702:
3693:
3679:
3669:
3668:
3541:National symbols
3387:
2988:Pradeshiya Sabha
2725:Executive Office
2685:
2605:Matale rebellion
2454:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2367:
2353:
2352:
2343:
2333:
2332:
2232:VijayabÄ Kollaya
2209:
2199:
2170:Cankilian Thoppu
2020:Kotte's campaign
1980:
1970:
1932:Embekka Devalaya
1748:VijayabÄ Kollaya
1703:
1685:
1643:
1635:
1627:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1514:on 12 April 2010
1503:
1501:
1499:
1480:
1456:
1411:
1405:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1192:Kingdom of Kandy
1188:Jayavira Bandara
1180:VijayabÄ Kollaya
1115:Parakramabahu VI
1099:Kingdom of Kotte
1093:Kingdom of Kotte
1047:Chinese admiral
994:'s adopted son,
992:Parâkramabâhu VI
833:Modern Sri Lanka
641:Pre-Anuradhapura
614:~1000 BCâ543 BC
565:Main government
544:
499:
492:
485:
451:
450:
449:
322:Buddhist revival
318:Matale rebellion
251:VijayabÄ Kollaya
174:543–377 BC
159:Pre Anuradhapura
120:
119:
61:
36:
21:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4064:
4032:
4023:
4004:Northern Cyprus
3990:
3983:
3725:
3723:History of Asia
3720:
3690:
3685:
3653:
3587:
3477:
3458:Public holidays
3376:
3209:
3163:Protected areas
3058:
2999:
2954:
2889:
2878:15th Parliament
2805:
2801:Labour Tribunal
2786:District courts
2776:Court of appeal
2755:
2751:Law enforcement
2706:
2670:
2624:
2503:
2443:
2400:
2394:
2364:
2359:
2317:
2286:
2243:
2215:
2214:
2189:
2151:
2123:
2112:Don Constantine
2087:Kalinga dynasty
2070:
1986:
1985:
1960:
1878:
1874:Popular culture
1850:Guththila Kawya
1838:
1795:
1759:
1709:
1708:
1679:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1622:
1614:
1613:
1596:
1566:
1557:
1555:
1549:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1517:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1477:
1461:de Silva, K. M.
1459:
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1434:
1425:
1419:
1414:
1406:
1399:
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1379:
1370:
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1278:
1274:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1209:Sinhala Kingdom
1200:
1168:
1162:
1135:Moorish traders
1095:
1089:
1030:
1024:
971:
965:
936:
930:
925:
920:
538:
503:
474:
447:
445:
439:
362:
361:
355:
338:1815–1948
335:
334:
328:
324:
320:
316:
314:Great rebellion
299:1597–1815
296:
295:
292:
288:
284:
267:1232–1597
264:
263:
257:
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236:1017–1232
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3327:
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3317:
3312:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3275:Stock Exchange
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3240:Communications
3237:
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3225:
3219:
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3211:
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3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
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3180:
3175:
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3158:National parks
3155:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3136:Pidurutalagala
3128:
3123:
3121:Extreme points
3118:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3068:
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3019:
3013:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2983:Urban councils
2980:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2956:
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2843:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2824:Prime Minister
2813:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2796:Primary Courts
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2765:
2763:
2757:
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2630:
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2623:
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2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2590:British Ceylon
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
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2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2489:Kandyan period
2486:
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2476:
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2466:
2460:
2458:
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2203:
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2195:
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2177:
2172:
2167:
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2159:
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2149:
2142:
2137:
2131:
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2122:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2089:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2049:
2047:Mannar martyrs
2039:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1978:Jaffna kingdom
1974:
1973:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1869:Anavamadarshin
1866:
1865:
1864:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1824:
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1809:
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1767:
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1752:
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1750:
1740:
1735:
1733:MingâKotte War
1730:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1689:
1688:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1651:
1648:
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1645:
1644:
1636:
1632:Gampola period
1628:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1572:
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1524:
1504:
1487:
1486:
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1481:
1475:
1457:
1451:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1421:Main article:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1410:, p. 144.
1397:
1395:, p. 147.
1385:
1383:, p. 145.
1368:
1366:, p. 143.
1356:
1354:, p. 142.
1341:
1329:
1310:
1291:
1272:
1253:
1241:
1239:, p. 304.
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1164:Main article:
1161:
1158:
1091:Main article:
1088:
1085:
1026:Main article:
1023:
1020:
996:Prince Sapumal
983:Pandyan Empire
969:Jaffna kingdom
967:Main article:
964:
961:
932:Main article:
929:
926:
924:
921:
917:
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911:
908:
903:
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893:
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885:
882:
877:
872:
868:
867:
864:
861:
857:
856:
851:
848:
843:
840:
838:British Ceylon
835:
830:
826:
825:
822:
817:
813:
812:
809:
806:
803:
798:
794:
793:
790:
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780:
776:
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772:
767:
763:
762:
759:
754:
751:
746:
742:
741:
738:
735:
731:
730:
727:
725:Chola conquest
722:
719:
714:
710:
709:
706:
701:
696:
692:
691:
688:
683:
679:
678:
675:
670:
667:
662:
661:437 BCâ463 AD
658:
657:
652:
649:
646:
643:
638:
633:
632:543 BCâ437 BC
629:
628:
625:
623:
620:
615:
611:
610:
607:
604:
598:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
580:
575:
567:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
542:
537:
534:
526:Jaffna kingdom
522:Kandyan period
505:
504:
502:
501:
494:
487:
479:
476:
475:
473:
472:
467:
462:
456:
441:
440:
438:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
406:
405:
400:
395:
385:
379:
376:
375:
371:
370:
367:
366:
363:
360:
359:
349:
343:
340:
339:
336:
333:
332:
310:
307:British Ceylon
304:
301:
300:
297:
294:
293:
278:
272:
269:
268:
265:
262:
261:
247:
241:
238:
237:
234:
231:
230:
220:Chola conquest
216:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
199:
185:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
168:
162:
156:
153:
152:
147:
144:
143:
129:
123:
116:
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111:
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108:
107:
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
68:
67:
63:
62:
54:
53:
47:
46:
39:
30:Main article:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4121:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4089:
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4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4014:South Ossetia
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3977:
3975:
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3967:
3965:
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3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
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3627:
3625:
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3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
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3509:
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3504:
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3499:
3497:
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3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3474:
3471:
3469:
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3464:
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3459:
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3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3006:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2984:
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2976:
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2971:
2969:
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2963:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2929:Intelligence
2928:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2900:
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2808:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2770:Supreme Court
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2733:
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2716:
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2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
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2692:
2690:
2686:
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2681:
2677:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2600:Uva Rebellion
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
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4029:Dependencies
3959:Turkmenistan
3924:Saudi Arabia
3634:LGBT history
3619:Human rights
3491:Architecture
3468:Social class
3402:Demographics
3295:Unemployment
3233:Central Bank
3017:Capital city
2903:Armed Forces
2816:
2768:
2734: /
2717:
2697:Constitution
2595:Kandyan Wars
2585:Dutch Ceylon
2530:Anuradhapura
2483:
2422:Bibliography
2165:Mantri Manai
2144:
2092:Chandrabhanu
1862:in Sinhalese
1812:Caste system
1807:Alagakkonara
1786:Capital city
1714:
1660:Bibliography
1640:Kotte period
1604:
1558:23 September
1556:. Retrieved
1554:. The Island
1534:15 September
1532:. Retrieved
1516:. Retrieved
1512:the original
1496:. Retrieved
1465:
1437:
1417:Bibliography
1388:
1359:
1332:
1313:
1294:
1275:
1256:
1244:
1232:
1178:In 1521 the
1177:
1151:
1123:
1111:Chakravartis
1107:Valave River
1096:
1046:
1031:
972:
953:
937:
846:Post-Kandyan
749:Transitional
748:
665:Anuradhapura
562:Span (years)
556:Span (years)
539:
510:
508:
460:Bibliography
444:
388:Armed Forces
344:
330:Independence
326:World War II
305:
273:
244:Transitional
243:
242:
211:
182:Anuradhapura
180:
157:
124:
102:
95:
88:
81:
74:
4088:Asia portal
3989:States with
3909:Philippines
3849:South Korea
3844:North Korea
3739:Afghanistan
3639:LGBT rights
3624:Immigration
3306:Industries
3260:Public debt
3223:Agriculture
3116:Environment
2923:Coast Guard
2810:Legislature
2781:High Courts
2646:Demographic
2550:Dambadeniya
2540:Polonnaruwa
2412:Sri Lankans
2355:WikiProject
2298:Avissawella
2275:Rajasinha I
2210:(1521â1594)
2096:Tambralinga
1981:(1232â1620)
1895:Dambadeniya
1890:Polonnaruwa
1854:Literature
1704:(1232â1597)
1626:1232 â 1341
1337:Pieris 2011
1103:Malvatu Oya
1038:Ibn Battuta
987:South India
939:Dambadeniya
757:Dambadeniya
717:Polonnaruwa
383:Agriculture
213:Polonnaruwa
3969:Uzbekistan
3944:Tajikistan
3859:Kyrgyzstan
3839:Kazakhstan
3759:Bangladesh
3749:Azerbaijan
3609:Disability
3578:Television
3546:Philosophy
3531:Literature
3451:Mass media
3200:Waterfalls
3111:Ecoregions
2960:Devolution
2818:Parliament
2736:Ministries
2680:Government
2636:Chronicles
2525:Tambapanni
2464:Prehistory
2280:Rajasuriya
2248:Government
2175:Yamuna Eri
2140:Setu coins
2075:Government
1912:Kurunegala
1791:RÄjÄkariya
1764:Government
1642:1412â 1592
1634:1341â 1412
1508:"Zheng He"
1441:. Oxford:
1220:References
1143:Bridgehead
1139:South Asia
1126:Portuguese
985:in modern
871:1948â1972
860:1833â1948
829:1815â1833
816:1739â1815
797:1592â1739
779:1412â1592
766:1341â1412
745:1232â1341
734:1055â1232
713:1017â1070
602:Bronze Age
574:â~1000 BC
149:300,000 BP
137:Bronze Age
126:Prehistory
104:Pujavaliya
97:Rajavaliya
66:Chronicles
4055:Hong Kong
4009:Palestine
3934:Sri Lanka
3929:Singapore
3809:Indonesia
3649:Terrorism
3571:Cheena di
3566:Angampora
3429:Languages
3419:Education
3290:Transport
3245:Companies
3131:Mountains
3082:Districts
3077:Provinces
3064:Geography
3027:Elections
2908:Air Force
2761:Judiciary
2719:President
2711:Executive
2656:Education
2620:Civil War
2515:MahÄvaášsa
2405:Overviews
2397:Sri Lanka
2291:Landmarks
2270:Mayadunne
2157:Landmarks
1883:Landmarks
1249:Wade 2005
1237:Holt 1991
1225:Citations
1204:Mahavamsa
1119:GabadÄgam
1069:languages
695:691â1017
583:Stone Age
559:Subperiod
513:Sri Lanka
420:Geography
415:Education
398:Air Force
346:Sri Lanka
133:Stone Age
90:Cōḡavaášsa
83:Mahavamsa
76:Dipavamsa
4103:Category
4078:Category
3999:Abkhazia
3949:Thailand
3904:Pakistan
3884:Mongolia
3879:Maldives
3874:Malaysia
3774:Cambodia
3671:Category
3526:Folklore
3463:Religion
3345:Graphite
3320:Cinnamon
3280:Taxation
3205:Wildlife
3178:Malvathu
3173:Mahaweli
3054:Scandals
3009:Politics
2661:Military
2651:Economic
2641:Monarchs
2570:Sitawaka
2427:Timeline
2335:Category
2260:Monarchs
2255:Monarchy
2082:Monarchs
1939:Kelaniya
1900:Yapahuwa
1822:Salagama
1776:Monarchs
1771:Monarchy
1665:Timeline
1518:13 April
1498:13 April
1463:(2005).
1198:See also
1147:Cinnamon
1131:Cinnamon
1049:Zheng He
1004:elephant
957:Yapahuwa
948:Buddhist
906:Republic
888:Dominion
820:Nayakkar
682:463â691
655:Monarchy
618:Iron Age
596:Unknown
593:300,000
570:300,000
536:Overview
470:Timeline
465:Glossary
425:Politics
374:By Topic
357:Republic
353:Dominion
141:Iron Age
42:a series
40:Part of
3974:Vietnam
3889:Myanmar
3869:Lebanon
3799:Georgia
3754:Bahrain
3744:Armenia
3644:Poverty
3583:Theatre
3516:Fashion
3506:Cuisine
3483:Culture
3434:Sinhala
3382:Society
3370:Tourism
3330:Coconut
3310:Apparel
3300:Welfare
3228:Banking
3215:Economy
3126:Islands
3037:Parties
2883:Members
2836:Speaker
2732:Cabinet
2555:Gampola
2457:Periods
2449:History
2417:Outline
2220:History
2128:Culture
1992:History
1917:Gampola
1858:in Pali
1843:Culture
1800:Society
1715:History
1697:Gampola
1655:Outline
1607:topics
1081:Persian
1073:Chinese
1034:Gampola
979:Kalinga
863:
808:
801:Kandyan
770:Gampola
737:
648:
609:
590:
410:Economy
114:Periods
4019:Taiwan
3954:Turkey
3919:Russia
3854:Kuwait
3834:Jordan
3824:Israel
3784:Cyprus
3769:Brunei
3764:Bhutan
3681:Portal
3592:Issues
3501:Cinema
3424:Health
3390:Topics
3355:Rubber
3335:Coffee
3250:Energy
3183:Kelani
3168:Rivers
3097:Cities
2829:Office
2629:Topics
2545:Jaffna
2520:Vijaya
2508:Epochs
2399:topics
2345:Portal
1827:Durava
1817:Karava
1699:&
1473:
1449:
1079:, and
1053:battle
1008:feudal
1000:pearls
944:sangha
553:Period
550:Period
44:on the
4060:Macau
3979:Yemen
3939:Syria
3914:Qatar
3894:Nepal
3829:Japan
3804:India
3794:Egypt
3779:China
3604:Crime
3556:Sport
3551:Radio
3536:Music
3511:Dance
3446:Media
3439:Tamil
3407:Women
3397:Birth
3360:Sugar
3325:Cocoa
3285:Trade
3265:Rupee
3102:Towns
2995:Wards
2575:Kandy
2560:Kotte
2432:Years
1701:Kotte
1670:Years
1429:Books
1077:Tamil
1065:Galle
1016:Hindu
1012:Tamil
975:Magha
788:Kotte
669:1454
547:Dates
275:Kandy
3899:Oman
3864:Laos
3819:Iraq
3814:Iran
3521:Flag
3350:Rice
3340:Gems
3315:Beer
3188:Kalu
2918:Navy
2913:Army
2437:2024
2135:Flag
1560:2019
1544:News
1536:2019
1520:2015
1500:2015
1471:ISBN
1447:ISBN
1324:help
1305:help
1286:help
1267:help
1154:Raja
1002:and
866:115
842:133
811:147
805:223
792:180
761:109
753:365
740:177
721:215
708:326
690:228
677:900
651:106
627:457
528:and
509:The
403:Navy
393:Army
4031:and
3496:Art
3365:Tea
3193:Gin
2689:Law
1485:Web
910:52
892:24
884:76
850:18
824:76
774:71
729:53
532:.
4105::
1860:,
1695:,
1445:.
1400:^
1371:^
1344:^
1194:.
1075:,
645:â
622:â
606:â
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572:BP
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