287:
326:, in which capacity he was associated with Ninisina instead. His character as a healing deity was also highlighted in particular when he was associated with the latter. Irene Sibbing-Plantholt argues that initially Damu and Gula were paired only as deities whose characters were seen as complementary, and only Ninisina in addition to a similar association was also viewed as his mother. While the latter role is attested for Gula too, for example in the god list
404:. It has been noted that texts focused on Damu show similarity with these pertaining to Dumuzi and other similar prematurely dying deities. However, despite their shared character as dying gods, Damu was not described as a shepherd and was associated with herding animals. A lament which mentions both Damu and a further deity of comparable character,
461:, but his argument relies entirely on his speculative etymology of this toponym, "prisoner camp", which according to him indicates that there could have been multiple places named Girsu, for which no evidence has been identified in any textual sources. Damu's association with Isin only goes back to the
679:
The death of Damu could also be mentioned in laments related to the cult of
Ninisina or Gula, alongside the destruction of the city of Isin and temples located in it. Next to Inanna laments related to the death of Dumuzi, Ninisina laments are the most common among known literary texts of this genre.
175:
onward, Damu was known chiefly as a healing deity instead. This aspect of his character is absent from texts pertaining to his death, which according to Katz might indicate that his character had been altered at some point, likely in the Old
Babylonian period. She proposes that the change might had
656:. Many of them contain detailed descriptions of grief caused by his disappearance, which have been characterized as "visceral" by researchers. Laments describing his death and separation from his family usually described the location of the underworld in vague terms. One example is the composition
667:
In one lament, Damu's mother offers to walk the road to the underworld with him. A neo-Assyrian copy of this text contains the names of nine deities rather than just Damu, even though the original composition is only about him. The other eight deities listed are
702:, and softens the plaster that had been put on them. He mops up the blood and suppuration, and places a warm hand on the horrid wound. My lady, the midwife of the mothers of the Land, is the chief doctor of the black-headed; Nininsina, the daughter of
568:, states that a seat dedicated to Damu, the E-adgigi, "house of the counselor", was located in it. It has been noted that it is mentioned in this context alongside similar objects dedicated to Gula and other members of her entourage, namely Pabilsaĝ,
160:. In that capacity, he might have been associated with trees. He was most likely envisioned as a child, possibly an infant, in contrast with other dying gods who were instead described as young men, and were often referred to with the term
388:
and literary compositions, and it is also possible that it represented a title, rather than a name of a profession. It is possible that the development of a connection between Enlil and Damu was meant to strengthen political ties between
359:, and according to Katz they were possibly regarded as siblings even before the development of the tradition in which they were children of Ninisina. A third deity regarded as a child of Ninisina and thus Damu's brother was Šumaḫ.
184:
and acquired similar traits as a result; she assumes that the laments which connect the dying Damu with the medicine goddess were composed later. Irene
Sibbing-Plantholt instead suggests that Damu originally developed alongside
488:, referring to them as respectively his lord and lady. Damu is mentioned in a ritual text describing a procession of Ninisina and her court, during which he and Gunura were supposed to be placed right behind their mother. In
676:, Mulusiranna, Amaushumgalanna and "brother of Gesthinanna." Damu himself is placed between Ninazu and Ningishzida in this version. A further difference is the identification of the dying god himself as the narrator.
621:
were apparently involved in the cult of Damu and other deities connected with medicine, though there is no evidence that they functioned as his clergy or that they performed their professional activities in temples.
742:. At the same time, among women who married into the royal family, who were not otherwise related to it, only three bore Damu names, and it is also comparatively infrequent among members of the family of the
164:, conventionally translated as "lad". Dina Katz suggests that high rates of infant mortality in antiquity influenced traditions pertaining to him, and that the rare examples of passages referring to him as
263:
by
Barbara Böck. Sibbing-Plantholt tentatively suggests that other symbols associated with him might have been a dog and a crook, as they are depicted on a seal with an inscription mentioning him.
148:. It has been proposed that in this context the term should be understood as a deified kinship group rather than a deity, and it is assumed it is not connected to the Mesopotamian god.
730:
element Damu occurs frequently in personal names from the first of these cities. While it likely had its origin in popular religion, it is particularly common among the members of the
355:'s status as Ninisina husband, there are no sources which would explicitly identify him as Damu's father. He is nonetheless identified as his father by modern authors. His sister was
332:(tablet V, line 165), it only developed later on. In some bilingual texts, Gula and Damu are instead used as corresponding deities in the two versions. A connection between him and
189:
as an independent deity personifying healing, and in later periods took a role complementary to that played by goddesses associated with this sphere of activity, such as
Ninisina.
298:
It is not possible to determine with which deity or deities Damu was originally associated. In earliest god lists, he is typically listed alongside the deities of the state of
336:, also based on similar character and complementary roles in healing, is also known. However, references to Ninkarrak being his mother, while known, are rare. Exclusively in
465:
in the textual record, which is sometimes considered an argument against viewing him as a god who originated in this city. Yet another proposal is that he originated in
384:
of this god, literally "barber" or "hairdresser," though it has been noted this term might have designated a type of healer as well. However, it is known chiefly from
698:"My son, pay attention to everything medical! Damu, pay attention to everything medical!" He takes the bandages and wipes them; he treats the bandages with
691:
deals with the eponymous goddess teaching Damu medical arts. It relays how he was taught by her how to use medical implements and diagnose illnesses:
204:. It was believed that he was able to find cures for diseases which were regarded as incurable due to this knowledge. As indicated by the incantation
660:. Damu is mentioned in a text listing various dying gods and the places of their demise, but the location is not preserved in his case. While the
548:
suggests that a temple or temples of Damu might have been listed in a lacuna separating the preserved sections focused on Gula and Ninazu in the
764:. He notes that Damu does not appears in rituals pertaining to the royal family, which invoke various personified deities, such as the city god
286:
2192:
The Image of
Mesopotamian Divine Healers. Healing Goddesses and the Legitimization of Professional Asûs in the Mesopotamian Medical Marketplace
575:
Many medical formulas end with an invocation of the medicine goddess (either Gula or
Ninisina), Damu, and deities connected with incantations:
2199:
2132:
2080:
2056:
1994:
1976:
1876:
1813:
133:. It is unclear which city was originally associated with him, but he is best attested in association with the cult center of his mother,
344:, as attested in sources from the Ur III period. Dina Katz additionally points out that a lament calls Damu's mother Geshtinluba, the
524:
and
Ningirzida. He also received offerings in the Ešumeša in the Old Babylonian period alongside numerous other deities, for example
2159:
2105:
2021:
734:, with twenty four out of fifty one sons and nine out of thirty one daughters of Eblaite kings having Damu names. Examples include
1863:
709:"My son, pay attention to everything medical! Damu, pay attention to everything medical! You will be praised for your diagnoses."
695:
Ninisina has made perfect the divine powers of medicine, and hands them over to her son, the king of Girsu, the kindly Damu.
664:
demons could be identified as responsible for his death, it was not equally common as associating them with Dumuzi's demise.
760:
According to
Alfonso Archi, in Eblaite context Damu should be translated as "blood", and refers to the concept of a deified
757:, the element Damu appears in the names of four kings who were contemporaries of the rulers known from Eblaite archives.
224:, envisioned as a single net-like system. There is also evidence that he was regarded as capable of healing headaches (
362:
Irene
Sibbing-Plantholt notes that in some cases, when perceived as a son of Ninisina, Damu could be also linked to
2283:
1865:
Goddesses in Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources
274:
Pig. It has been suggested that it might have consisted of stars today regarded as the head and first coil of
121:, with time he acquired the traits of a god of healing. He was regarded as the son of the medicine goddess
267:
731:
560:
listing gods worshiped in the Erabriri, presumably in this context the ceremonial name of the temple of
477:
303:
275:
172:
2288:
1886:
2238:
1949:
1910:
1844:
374:, and suggests he might have been occasionally perceived as a healing aspect of this god. In the
594:
It is the incantation of Damu and Gula, It is the incantation of Ningirim, lady of incantation.
408:, is also known. Instances where they were identified with each other have been identified too.
2230:
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2195:
2165:
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2101:
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2052:
2027:
2017:
2000:
1990:
1972:
1941:
1902:
1872:
1836:
1809:
450:
376:
98:
544:. In the Ur III period he received offerings in the local temple of Gula in the latter city.
2261:
2066:
2044:
1801:
821:
804:
769:
613:
Let Ninkarrak bandage you with her gentle hands, Let Damu make your suffering pass from you.
545:
197:
106:
727:
521:
141:
630:
Myths involving Damu deal with his death, and have been compared to compositions such as
176:
been facilitated by the loss of his original cult center and relocation of his clergy to
796:
might have been related to a healing aspect of Enlil too, as she was referred to as his
680:
In one such text, the goddess directs her lamentation over the death of her son to the
553:
497:
493:
315:
241:
126:
773:
2293:
2277:
761:
743:
576:
525:
473:
462:
422:
385:
311:
271:
2178:
252:, "lord of life", which might hint at a belief that he was able to revive the dead.
765:
453:
proposed that Girsu associated with Damu was not the same as the city located near
221:
2256:
Westenholz, Joan G. (2010). "Ninkarrak – an Akkadian goddess in Sumerian guise".
1987:
The healing goddess Gula: towards an understanding of ancient babylonian medicine
726:
are unlikely to be attestations of the same deity as the Mesopotamian Damu. The
699:
644:
533:
481:
405:
371:
352:
201:
118:
75:
24:
20:
2265:
2209:
793:
750:
735:
673:
529:
513:
341:
328:
2234:
2142:
2031:
2004:
1945:
1906:
1840:
2169:
2115:
1825:"A Royal Seal from Ebla (17th cent. B.C.) with Hittite Hieroglyphic Symbols"
739:
633:
606:
584:
509:
458:
333:
157:
130:
110:
2048:
1969:
Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary
1805:
580:
485:
307:
181:
122:
71:
2242:
1953:
1848:
2219:"Nin-Isina(k)s Journey to Nippur. A bilingual divine journey revisited"
2218:
1929:
1914:
1824:
687:
A composition focused on Ninisina referred to in modern literature as
565:
561:
557:
517:
505:
430:
417:
412:
291:
260:
245:
217:
1890:
706:, hands this all over to her son, the king of Girsu, the kindly Damu:
776:. No such a deity is present in any offering lists from Ebla either.
746:
669:
602:
591:
This is not my incantation, it is the incantation of Ea and Asaluḫi,
569:
489:
484:, one of the kings of this city, in a curse formula invoked Damu and
466:
454:
426:
401:
390:
356:
345:
337:
299:
186:
114:
85:
2070:
1216:
1214:
972:
970:
1148:
1146:
1037:
1035:
1033:
681:
537:
501:
442:
363:
285:
213:
2229:. Department of Oriental Studies, University of Vienna: 277–294.
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
817:
754:
723:
719:
457:, but a different settlement perhaps located on the bank of the
446:
394:
323:
180:, where he was incorporated into the circle of the city goddess
177:
145:
134:
48:
2075:. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Departement Oriëntalistiek.
703:
411:
An association between Damu and the sparsely attested goddess
236:, literally "lord of pouches", though it is presumed the term
208:, he was especially closely associated with care for strings (
19:
This article is about the Mesopotamian god. For the name, see
1426:
1424:
541:
319:
168:
might be the result of conflation of various similar gods.
609:. Other incantations pairing them together are known too:
1573:
1571:
1666:
1664:
1750:
1748:
1735:
1733:
1720:
1718:
1705:
1703:
1231:
1229:
858:
856:
1639:
1637:
366:, for example healing on behalf of his mother as the "
322:, but he was also recognized as one of the deities of
196:, "physician". He could be described as familiar with
192:
As a deity linked to healing, Damu could be called an
1624:
1622:
873:
871:
255:
Damu's attribute in the role of a medicine god was a
156:
It is assumed that Damu was originally regarded as a
2152:
The Image of the Netherworld in the Sumerian Sources
1201:
1199:
1197:
843:
841:
2098:
House most high: the temples of ancient Mesopotamia
1862:Asher-Greve, Julia M.; Westenholz, Joan G. (2013).
912:
910:
617:It has also been noted that a number of historical
81:
67:
62:
54:
44:
32:
2014:Incantations and Anti-Witchcraft Texts from Ugarit
1940:(2). GBPress - Gregorian Biblical Press: 215–227.
441:The original cult center of Damu remains unknown.
2223:Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes
1682:
1550:
1442:
1415:
1343:
1331:
1295:
1283:
1271:
1259:
1220:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1137:
1125:
1077:
1053:
1041:
988:
976:
961:
949:
937:
2185:. Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature.
1901:. American Schools of Oriental Research: 85–96.
1835:(1). GBPress- Gregorian Biblical Press: 18–28.
1694:
693:
611:
589:
480:sources, but its ceremonial name is not known.
415:has also been noted. They occur as a pair in a
306:onward he started to be placed in the court of
1526:
1101:
1089:
278:, though this interpretation is not certain.
8:
449:are regarded as the most plausible options.
1391:
1247:
803:, a type of healer associated chiefly with
520:, Bēl-ālīya (an anonymous "divine mayor"),
1538:
1430:
1188:
200:, as attested in a text from the reign of
2177:Krecher, Joachim; Jagersma, Bram (2000).
816:A similar term, Lim, denoted the deified
605:links him with another medicine goddess,
232:disease. An incantation refers to him as
2179:"A shir-gida to Nininsina (Nininsina A)"
2123:Hunger, Hermann; Pingree, David (1999).
1403:
597:They have told it to me and I repeat it.
2183:Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses
1670:
1577:
862:
837:
785:
248:. A further epithet applied to him was
1967:Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992),
1766:
1754:
1709:
1490:
1478:
1466:
1454:
1379:
1235:
536:. Damu is also attested in texts from
29:
1778:
1739:
1724:
1562:
476:of Damu existed in Isin according to
370:of Enlil" in texts from the reign of
348:version of the name of said goddess.
318:, as attested in offering lists from
294:with a depiction of Ninisina or Gula.
7:
1655:
1643:
1628:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1514:
1502:
1367:
1355:
1319:
1307:
1205:
1113:
1065:
1024:
1012:
1000:
916:
901:
889:
877:
847:
496:alongside deities such as Kurunnam,
492:Damu was worshiped in the temple of
144:element in many personal names from
113:connected to vegetation, similar to
74:(or another medicine goddess) and
14:
2190:Sibbing-Plantholt, Irene (2022).
109:. While originally regarded as a
2012:del Olmo Lete, Gregorio (2014).
672:, Ningishzida, Alla, Umunshudi,
212:), a term possibly referring to
125:, or of her equivalents such as
23:. For the 1996 Indian film, see
282:Associations with other deities
270:, Damu was associated with the
2125:Astral sciences in Mesopotamia
2072:Babylonian Topographical Texts
1989:. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
421:inscription, in parallel with
400:Damu was also associated with
380:, he is also addressed as the
1:
792:However, she speculates that
240:in this context refers to an
2100:. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
1971:, The British Museum Press,
1895:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
340:he was also associated with
244:, possibly specifically the
206:Ninisina, mother of the land
2217:Wagensonner, Klaus (2008).
2154:. Bethesda, MD: CDL Press.
2041:How To Do Things With Tears
1930:"Ning̃išzida and Ninazimua"
1695:Krecher & Jagersma 2000
824:names as well, unlike Damu.
658:For him in the far-off land
2310:
2096:George, Andrew R. (1993).
102:
18:
2266:10.1163/9789004187474_020
1102:Hunger & Pingree 1999
1090:Hunger & Pingree 1999
37:
2258:Von Göttern und Menschen
1823:Archi, Alfonso (2015a).
718:References to Damu from
314:, he could be linked to
1891:"The Brewers of Nippur"
1796:Archi, Alfonso (2015).
259:knife, identified as a
228:) and the unidentified
2039:Delnero, Paul (2020).
2016:. Boston: De Gruyter.
1985:Böck, Barbara (2014).
1928:Black, Jeremy (2004).
1683:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1551:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1443:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1431:Black & Green 1992
1416:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1344:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1332:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1296:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1284:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1272:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1260:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1221:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1177:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1165:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1153:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1138:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1126:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1078:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1054:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
1042:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
989:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
977:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
962:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
950:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
938:Sibbing-Plantholt 2022
711:
639:Dumuzi and his sisters
615:
599:
295:
268:Mesopotamian astronomy
2049:10.1515/9781501512650
1806:10.1515/9781614517887
1798:Ebla and Its Archives
820:, and is attested in
550:Canonical Temple List
304:Old Babylonian period
289:
173:Old Babylonian period
1887:Beaulieu, Paul-Alain
556:. A short text from
2150:Katz, Dina (2003).
1565:, pp. 215–216.
1527:del Olmo Lete 2014
583:, and the goddess
429:and Ninkarrak and
302:, though from the
296:
2284:Mesopotamian gods
2201:978-90-04-51241-2
2194:. Boston: Brill.
2134:978-90-04-29413-4
2127:. Leiden: Brill.
2082:978-90-6831-410-6
2067:George, Andrew R.
2058:978-1-5015-1265-0
1996:978-90-04-26146-4
1978:978-0-7141-1705-8
1878:978-3-7278-1738-0
1815:978-1-61451-716-0
1769:, pp. 21–22.
1274:, pp. 59–60.
1140:, pp. 60–61.
1128:, pp. 46–47.
1015:, pp. 26–28.
451:Thorkild Jacobsen
377:Lament for Nippur
92:
91:
45:Major cult center
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1392:Wagensonner 2008
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805:medicinal plants
790:
714:The Eblaite Damu
654:Inanna's descent
632:Ningishzida and
601:An example from
546:Andrew R. George
310:instead. In the
198:medicinal plants
107:Mesopotamian god
104:
30:
16:Mesopotamian god
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1592:, pp. 8–9.
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1545:
1539:Westenholz 2010
1537:
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1441:
1437:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1362:
1358:, pp. 3–4.
1354:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1227:
1219:
1212:
1204:
1195:
1189:Westenholz 2010
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1048:
1040:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1011:
1007:
999:
995:
987:
983:
975:
968:
960:
956:
948:
944:
936:
923:
915:
908:
904:, pp. 4–5.
900:
896:
888:
884:
876:
869:
861:
854:
846:
839:
834:
829:
828:
815:
811:
801:
791:
787:
782:
716:
628:
552:, dated to the
439:
284:
154:
140:Damu is also a
40:
39:God of medicine
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2307:
2305:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2253:
2214:
2200:
2187:
2174:
2160:
2147:
2133:
2120:
2106:
2093:
2081:
2063:
2057:
2043:. De Gruyter.
2036:
2022:
2009:
1995:
1982:
1977:
1964:
1925:
1883:
1877:
1859:
1820:
1814:
1800:. De Gruyter.
1792:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:, p. 646.
1771:
1759:
1744:
1742:, p. 367.
1729:
1727:, p. 647.
1714:
1699:
1687:
1685:, p. 128.
1675:
1660:
1658:, p. 320.
1648:
1646:, p. 319.
1633:
1618:
1616:, p. 272.
1606:
1604:, p. 433.
1594:
1582:
1580:, p. 208.
1567:
1555:
1543:
1541:, p. 388.
1531:
1519:
1517:, p. 114.
1507:
1495:
1493:, p. 304.
1483:
1481:, p. 107.
1471:
1469:, p. 105.
1459:
1447:
1435:
1420:
1418:, p. 151.
1408:
1396:
1394:, p. 279.
1384:
1382:, p. 163.
1372:
1370:, p. 315.
1360:
1348:
1346:, p. 143.
1336:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1298:, p. 130.
1288:
1286:, p. 185.
1276:
1264:
1262:, p. 148.
1252:
1250:, p. 286.
1240:
1225:
1223:, p. 124.
1210:
1193:
1191:, p. 383.
1181:
1179:, p. 118.
1169:
1157:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1116:, p. 383.
1106:
1104:, p. 275.
1094:
1082:
1070:
1058:
1046:
1029:
1027:, p. 100.
1017:
1005:
993:
991:, p. 133.
981:
979:, p. 132.
966:
954:
942:
921:
906:
894:
882:
880:, p. 318.
867:
852:
836:
835:
833:
830:
827:
826:
809:
799:
784:
783:
781:
778:
715:
712:
650:Dumuzi's dream
627:
624:
554:Kassite period
478:Old Babylonian
438:
435:
283:
280:
242:internal organ
153:
150:
90:
89:
83:
79:
78:
69:
65:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
38:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2306:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2161:1-883053-77-3
2157:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2107:0-931464-80-3
2103:
2099:
2094:
2084:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2023:1-61451-627-8
2019:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1867:
1866:
1860:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1780:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1757:, p. 22.
1756:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1712:, p. 21.
1711:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1673:, p. 65.
1672:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1631:, p. 24.
1630:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1556:
1553:, p. 45.
1552:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1529:, p. 45.
1528:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1505:, p. 98.
1504:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1445:, p. 31.
1444:
1439:
1436:
1433:, p. 57.
1432:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1406:, p. 91.
1405:
1404:Beaulieu 1995
1400:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1334:, p. 92.
1333:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1310:, p. 81.
1309:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1241:
1238:, p. 36.
1237:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1167:, p. 87.
1166:
1161:
1158:
1155:, p. 61.
1154:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1092:, p. 60.
1091:
1086:
1083:
1080:, p. 62.
1079:
1074:
1071:
1068:, p. 21.
1067:
1062:
1059:
1056:, p. 60.
1055:
1050:
1047:
1044:, p. 59.
1043:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1006:
1003:, p. 27.
1002:
997:
994:
990:
985:
982:
978:
973:
971:
967:
963:
958:
955:
951:
946:
943:
940:, p. 47.
939:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
922:
918:
913:
911:
907:
903:
898:
895:
892:, p. 18.
891:
886:
883:
879:
874:
872:
868:
865:, p. 71.
864:
859:
857:
853:
850:, p. 22.
849:
844:
842:
838:
831:
823:
819:
813:
810:
806:
802:
795:
789:
786:
779:
777:
775:
771:
768:, his spouse
767:
763:
762:kinship group
758:
756:
752:
748:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
713:
710:
707:
705:
701:
696:
692:
690:
685:
683:
677:
675:
671:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:
640:
636:
635:
625:
623:
620:
614:
610:
608:
604:
598:
595:
592:
588:
586:
582:
578:
573:
572:and Urmašum.
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
463:Ur III period
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
436:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:
414:
409:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
387:
386:lexical lists
383:
379:
378:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:Ur III period
309:
305:
301:
293:
288:
281:
279:
277:
273:
272:constellation
269:
264:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
234:bēl tākalātim
231:
227:
223:
222:blood vessels
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
190:
188:
183:
179:
174:
169:
167:
163:
159:
151:
149:
147:
143:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
100:
96:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70:
66:
61:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
36:
31:
26:
22:
2257:
2246:. Retrieved
2226:
2222:
2191:
2182:
2151:
2124:
2097:
2086:. Retrieved
2071:
2040:
2013:
1986:
1968:
1957:. Retrieved
1937:
1933:
1918:. Retrieved
1898:
1894:
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1832:
1828:
1797:
1789:Bibliography
1774:
1762:
1690:
1678:
1671:Delnero 2020
1651:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1578:Delnero 2020
1558:
1546:
1534:
1522:
1510:
1498:
1486:
1474:
1462:
1457:, p. 6.
1450:
1438:
1411:
1399:
1387:
1375:
1363:
1351:
1339:
1327:
1322:, p. 7.
1315:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1267:
1255:
1243:
1208:, p. 3.
1184:
1172:
1160:
1133:
1121:
1109:
1097:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1049:
1020:
1008:
996:
984:
964:, p. 1.
957:
952:, p. 9.
945:
919:, p. 5.
897:
885:
863:Delnero 2020
812:
797:
788:
759:
732:royal family
717:
708:
697:
694:
688:
686:
678:
666:
661:
657:
653:
649:
642:
638:
631:
629:
618:
616:
612:
600:
596:
593:
590:
574:
549:
528:, Ninisina,
471:
440:
416:
410:
399:
381:
375:
367:
361:
350:
327:
297:
265:
256:
254:
249:
237:
233:
229:
225:
209:
205:
193:
191:
170:
165:
161:
155:
139:
94:
93:
2289:Health gods
1767:Archi 2015a
1755:Archi 2015a
1710:Archi 2015a
1491:George 1992
1479:George 1992
1467:George 1992
1455:George 1993
1380:George 1993
1236:George 1993
700:embrocation
645:Geshtinanna
643:Dumuzi and
482:Iddin-Dagan
406:Ningishzida
372:Sin-Iddinam
202:Sin-Iddinam
119:Ningishzida
25:Damu (film)
21:Damu (name)
2278:Categories
2248:2022-04-03
2210:1312171937
2088:2023-07-19
1959:2022-04-03
1934:Orientalia
1920:2022-04-03
1854:2022-04-03
1829:Orientalia
1779:Archi 2015
1740:Archi 2015
1725:Archi 2015
1563:Black 2004
832:References
794:Nintinugga
751:Ibbi-Zikir
736:Irkab-Damu
728:theophoric
689:Ninisina A
579:, his son
530:Nintinugga
514:Belet-Seri
342:Nintinugga
250:bēl balāṭi
142:theophoric
2260:. BRILL.
2235:0084-0076
2143:944920350
2032:948655744
2005:868971232
1946:0030-5367
1907:0022-0256
1841:0030-5367
1656:Katz 2003
1644:Katz 2003
1629:Katz 2003
1614:Katz 2003
1602:Katz 2003
1590:Katz 2003
1515:Böck 2014
1503:Böck 2014
1368:Katz 2003
1356:Katz 2003
1320:Katz 2003
1308:Katz 2003
1206:Katz 2003
1114:Katz 2003
1066:Böck 2014
1025:Böck 2014
1013:Böck 2014
1001:Böck 2014
917:Katz 2003
902:Katz 2003
890:Katz 2003
878:Katz 2003
848:Katz 2003
740:Isar-Damu
634:Ninazimua
626:Mythology
607:Ninkarrak
585:Ningirima
510:Shuzianna
500:, Urmaḫ,
459:Euphrates
413:Kurunnītu
334:Ninkarrak
329:An = Anum
171:From the
158:dying god
152:Character
131:Ninkarrak
111:dying god
88:and Šumaḫ
63:Genealogy
2243:23861637
2170:51770219
2116:27813103
2069:(1992).
1954:43076898
1889:(1995).
1849:26153279
684:temple.
674:Ishtaran
581:Asalluhi
534:Pabilsaĝ
486:Ninisina
382:kindagal
353:Pabilsaĝ
351:Despite
308:Ninisina
257:karzillu
182:Ninisina
123:Ninisina
105:) was a
99:Sumerian
82:Siblings
76:Pabilsaĝ
72:Ninisina
1915:1359817
822:Amorite
744:viziers
566:Babylon
562:Mandanu
558:Nineveh
518:Sebitti
506:Ninimma
437:Worship
431:Ninurta
418:kudurru
368:azu-gal
292:kudurru
261:scalpel
246:stomach
238:tākaltu
218:muscles
68:Parents
58:scalpel
2241:
2233:
2208:
2198:
2168:
2158:
2141:
2131:
2114:
2104:
2079:
2055:
2030:
2020:
2003:
1993:
1975:
1952:
1944:
1913:
1905:
1875:
1847:
1839:
1812:
798:šim-mu
774:Išḫara
770:Barama
747:Ibrium
670:Ninazu
603:Ugarit
570:Gunura
522:Sirash
516:, the
490:Nippur
474:temple
467:Nippur
455:Lagash
427:Zababa
402:Dumuzi
391:Nippur
357:Gunura
346:Emesal
338:Nippur
300:Lagash
187:Gunura
166:g̃uruš
162:g̃uruš
115:Dumuzi
103:𒀭𒁕𒈬
86:Gunura
55:Symbol
2239:JSTOR
1950:JSTOR
1911:JSTOR
1869:(PDF)
1845:JSTOR
780:Notes
753:. In
682:Eanna
662:galla
538:Larsa
502:Nuska
443:Girsu
364:Enlil
276:Draco
214:sinew
2294:Isin
2231:ISSN
2206:OCLC
2196:ISBN
2166:OCLC
2156:ISBN
2139:OCLC
2129:ISBN
2112:OCLC
2102:ISBN
2077:ISBN
2053:ISBN
2028:OCLC
2018:ISBN
2001:OCLC
1991:ISBN
1973:ISBN
1942:ISSN
1903:ISSN
1873:ISBN
1837:ISSN
1810:ISBN
818:clan
772:and
766:Kura
755:Emar
749:and
738:and
724:Emar
722:and
720:Ebla
652:and
540:and
532:and
498:Kusu
494:Gula
447:Isin
425:and
395:Isin
393:and
324:Isin
316:Gula
226:di'u
178:Isin
146:Ebla
135:Isin
127:Gula
95:Damu
49:Isin
33:Damu
2262:doi
2045:doi
1802:doi
619:asû
564:in
526:Bau
445:or
423:Bau
266:In
230:ašû
220:or
194:asû
129:or
117:or
2280::
2237:.
2227:98
2225:.
2221:.
2204:.
2181:.
2164:.
2137:.
2110:.
2051:.
2026:.
1999:.
1948:.
1938:73
1936:.
1932:.
1909:.
1899:47
1897:.
1893:.
1871:.
1843:.
1833:84
1831:.
1827:.
1808:.
1747:^
1732:^
1717:^
1702:^
1663:^
1636:^
1621:^
1570:^
1423:^
1228:^
1213:^
1196:^
1145:^
1032:^
969:^
924:^
909:^
870:^
855:^
840:^
704:An
648:,
641:,
637:,
587::
577:Ea
542:Ur
512:,
508:,
504:,
472:A
469:.
433:.
397:.
320:Ur
290:A
216:,
210:sa
137:.
101::
2268:.
2264::
2251:.
2212:.
2172:.
2145:.
2118:.
2091:.
2061:.
2047::
2034:.
2007:.
1962:.
1923:.
1881:.
1857:.
1818:.
1804::
1697:.
807:.
800:2
97:(
27:.
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