321:
311:
1005:
262:
331:
1066:
1121:
time, the Dutch were also fighting against the Hansa in their own war. The Dutch would be major allies of the Kalmar Union, providing foodstuffs and running blockades on several occasions. This allowed for the Dutch counties of
Holland and Zeeland to grow rich and wealthy, and established the Dutch entry into European trade. After years of changing fortune in warfare Rostock and Stralsund signed a separate peace agreement in 1430. Lübeck, Hamburg, Wismar and Lüneburg, however, continued the war and assisted their allies in Holstein to conquer
652:
196:
39:
1130:
676:
667:
560:
549:
532:
519:
298:
360:
283:
511:
433:
1353:
1113:
570:
351:
612:
484:
475:
466:
457:
448:
439:
186:
603:
591:
248:
163:
636:
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216:
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240:
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176:
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502:
226:
1077:, accepted Dutch and English merchants into Kalmar ports, and began harassing Hanseatic merchants. Even more alarming to the Hanseatic League was the introduction of the Sound Dues, a tax levied on all ships passing through the Oresund. This was in direct violation of the Treaty of Stralsund, and shortly after, the
1120:
The war started with a Danish victory in the
Oresund, and a Hanseatic salt fleet sailing to Prussia was captured by the Danes as well. As such, popular revolts occurred in some of the Hanseatic cities. Wismar in particular saw a bloody revolt that led to several councilors being beheaded. At the same
1179:
died in 1459, locals proclaimed
Christian as duke of both Schleswig and Holstein. As a result, Denmark's southernmost border was now dangerously close to Lübeck and the other Wendish towns. Therefore, animosity between the Hanseatic League and the Kalmar Union (specifically Denmark) would continue
1058:. To do this, he supported a rebel movement in Lübeck. However, this did nothing but break the already strained relationship between the Kalmar and Hanseatic factions. Despite the Holy Roman Emperor supporting Eric's claims in Schleswig (and the adjacent region of
1163:
as well, thus preventing the Dutch from entering the Baltic Sea. These peace agreements weakened Eric's position dramatically, and in 1439 he got dethroned by Danish, Swedish and
Norwegian Privy Councils. The Hanseatic League would be replace him with
1158:
was ceded to the count of
Holstein. Sweden's autonomous rights and privileges were extended. The Hanseatic League was also granted plenty of other privileges as well, akin to the 1370 treaty. The Hanseatic League would also seize the fort of
1019:
In 1397, due to the rising power of the
Hanseatic League, and particularly German city of Lübeck, the three Nordic kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, put aside their differences to unite under a single monarch. This created a
1016:, the Hanseatic League held a strong monopoly over Baltic trade. Denmark had to bestow multiple privileges to the Hanseatic League, one of which being a guarantee free trade throughout the Baltic Sea, and exemption from tolls.
1043:. As a result, Margaret effectively removed the Hanseatic League from Denmark's internal politics. Despite this, the Hanseatic League still remained friendly with the Kalmar Union. The League helped Denmark recover
1145:
with the
Hanseatic League and Holstein, followed by the a peace with Sweden a few months later the same year. The Kalmar Union had lost, and the Hanseatic League was victorious against Denmark for the second time.
1125:
in 1431. Lübeck and Lüneburg in particular benefited from the war, for they could sell salt for high prices to the Baltic states, as the salt passing through the
Oresund from the North Sea was inaccessible.
1175:
The Kalmar Union would recover quickly however. Almost immediately into their reigns, Christopher and
Christian began favoring native and Dutch traders to counteract the Hanseatic monopoly. When
707:
1383:
1141:
began in Sweden. In 1434 Eric had to agree an armistice with the Swedes, too. All these wars proved too much for Eric to handle, and in April 1435 he signed the peace of
1435:
1375:
1089:
The
Hanseatic League quickly imposed a blockade on the Oresund as soon as the war started. However, many Hanseatic towns did not agree with the war. The
693:
1154:
In the following negotiations, Eric's Oresund tolls were allowed to remain, though the Hanseatic cities were exempted from the Sound Dues. The Danish
1047:, and did not oppose the formation of the union. As a result, the two parties did not engage in any military conflicts throughout Margaret's reign.
400:
1465:
1460:
1364:
1330:
1274:
985:
381:
700:
334:
324:
320:
310:
265:
1205:
1013:
787:
417:
47:
1455:
1450:
1425:
1410:
1420:
1415:
1176:
797:
574:
1004:
1430:
767:
822:
737:
827:
1065:
330:
38:
1389:
1290:
1040:
857:
261:
1445:
1440:
1394:
812:
747:
1054:, was not friendly to the League at all. The falling out began when Eric attempted to assert his authority over
1475:
1470:
30:
989:
651:
195:
842:
742:
884:
878:
862:
762:
540:
496:
405:
1169:
1165:
949:
938:
807:
732:
1129:
1101:
towns refused to take part in the conflict, as they were angered by the blockade. As such, the Wendish,
1032:
777:
752:
1035:, the architect of the Kalmar Union, the Hanseatic League was coerced into returning several forts in
832:
564:
1138:
993:
872:
837:
505:
460:
271:
553:
478:
469:
442:
867:
852:
536:
524:
427:
451:
1155:
1073:
Eric quickly turned on the Hanseatic League following this debacle. He formed alliances with the
1055:
847:
487:
363:
314:
286:
243:
121:
1112:
1326:
1270:
1074:
1051:
945:
792:
772:
757:
125:
1219:
1090:
934:
889:
386:
251:
168:
83:
1062:), neither Lübeck nor any of the other major Hanseatic cities wished to support his claim.
984:) declared war, put a naval blockade on Scandinavian harbors and allied with Eric's enemy,
359:
282:
1189:
1426 – Danish troops reconquer Flensburg (Schleswig) which was occupied by Holstein before
1137:
Thereafter they agreed an armistice in 1432 and started peace negotiations. Meanwhile the
782:
727:
354:
817:
1021:
510:
432:
1404:
1098:
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350:
918:
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666:
559:
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129:
1320:
1291:"Hanseatic League - Medieval Trade, German Cities, Baltic Sea | Britannica Money"
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1201:
1427 – Danish and Swedish naval forces defeat a Hanseatic fleet in the Oresund
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88:
1226:
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43:
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175:
1024:
between the 3 nations, birthing the Kalmar Union, named after the city of
643:
501:
225:
1193:
1059:
1243:
1434 – begin of the Swedish revolt, armistice between Denmark and Sweden
685:
1094:
1044:
973:
961:
922:
209:
179:
135:
118:
51:
1266:
The Paper Trade in Early Modern Europe: Practices, Materials, Networks
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1036:
1025:
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930:
926:
229:
139:
1111:
1078:
1064:
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952:
ships and introduced a new toll for all foreign ships passing the
1325:. Internet Archive. Stanford, Calif., Stanford University Press.
689:
1206:
two Hanseatic attacks against the joint Danish-Swedish fleet
917:, was an armed trade conflict between the Danish-dominated
1240:
1432 – armistice between Denmark and the Hanseatic League
1198:
1427 – failed Holstein-Hanseatic attack against Flensburg
1081:
cities, led by Lübeck, declared war on the Kalmar Union.
1231:
1429 – Hanseatic capture of a Swedish transport fleet
1225:
1429 – failed Danish-Swedish naval operation against
988:. Therefore the war was intensively linked with the
1350:
Forces of the Hanseatic League, 13th-15th Centuries
1234:
1430 – peace between Denmark, Rostock and Stralsund
16:
15th Century Northern European armed trade conflict
1263:Bellingradt, Daniel; Reynolds, Anna (2021-04-12).
1237:1431 – Holstein-Hanseatic troops conquer Flensburg
1246:1435 – peace of Vordingborg, peace of Stockholm
23:
701:
8:
1012:Ever since Denmark's defeat in the previous
708:
694:
686:
37:
20:
1008:Extent of the Hanseatic League circa 1400
1133:Statue honoring the Engelbrekt Rebellion
1128:
992:, the Kalmar War with Holstein, and the
1255:
1172:, the first Oldenburg king of Denmark.
798:Eric of Pommeranias First Schleswig War
1384:The Chronicle of the Hanseatic League
1109:cities were responsible for the war.
7:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1168:, who in turn would be succeeded by
911:Kalmar War with the Hanseatic League
1436:Wars involving the Hanseatic League
948:opened the Baltic trade routes for
1222:who allied with Holstein and Hansa
1039:that the Hansa had seized per the
14:
915:Danish-Hanseatic War of 1426-1435
138:forces temporarily expulsed from
1028:, where the union was ratified.
788:Danish-Hanseatic War (1361-1370)
674:
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1466:1430s in the Holy Roman Empire
1461:1420s in the Holy Roman Empire
1050:Margaret's successor however,
803:Dano-Hanseatic War (1426–1435)
24:Dano-Hanseatic War (1426–1435)
1:
1372:Sweden, the Nation's History
1359:George Childs Kohn (Hrsg.):
1319:Dollinger, Philippe (1970).
1218:(Norway) plundered by those
1192:1427 – Hanseatic plunder of
1180:well into the 17th century.
128:(although still as a Danish
994:Swedish revolt of 1434-1436
986:Henry IV, count of Holstein
748:Invasion of Bishop Valdemar
1492:
960:), six Hanseatic cities (
828:Northern Seven Years' War
723:
581:
369:
151:
58:
36:
28:
1356:. Osprey Publishing 2014
823:Italian War of 1542–1546
31:Danish-Hanseatic Rivalry
1390:Encyclopædia Britannica
1381:European-heritage.org:
1370:Franklin Daniel Scott:
1177:Count Adolf of Holstein
1456:15th century in Sweden
1451:15th century in Norway
1426:15th-century conflicts
1411:Wars involving Denmark
1166:Christopher of Bavaria
1134:
1117:
1070:
1009:
813:Swedish Liberation War
497:Nikolaus von der Lippe
370:Commanders and leaders
1421:Wars involving Norway
1416:Wars involving Sweden
1132:
1115:
1068:
1007:
879:Occupation of Denmark
717:Dano-German Conflicts
48:infront of Copenhagen
1139:Engelbrekt Rebellion
1014:Danish-Hanseatic War
909:, also known as the
873:Second Schleswig War
272:Engelbrekt rebellion
1041:Treaty of Stralsund
990:Dutch–Hanseatic War
939:Free City of Lübeck
868:First Schleswig War
1361:Dictionary of Wars
1295:www.britannica.com
1156:Duchy of Schleswig
1135:
1118:
1071:
1056:Duchy of Schleswig
1010:
907:Dano-Hanseatic War
848:Great Northern War
738:harald's Rebellion
364:Parts of Schleswig
287:Parts of Schleswig
244:Holstein-Rendsburg
122:Duchy of Schleswig
1431:History of Lübeck
1378:. SIU Press, 1988
1332:978-0-8047-0742-8
1276:978-90-04-42400-5
1116:Eric of Pomerania
1075:Kingdom of Poland
1052:Eric of Pomerania
944:When Kalmar King
900:
899:
838:Thirty Years' War
778:Rebellion of 1326
684:
683:
339:
275:
147:
146:
126:count of Holstein
1483:
1446:1430s in Denmark
1441:1420s in Denmark
1395:The Kalmar Union
1367:. Routledge 2013
1337:
1336:
1322:The German Hansa
1316:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1260:
1220:Victual Brothers
1214:1428 and 1429 –
935:Hanseatic League
833:Campaign of 1559
718:
710:
703:
696:
687:
679:
678:
670:
669:
654:
646:
639:Stralsund: 1,000
638:
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565:Greger Magnusson
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252:Victual Brothers
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218:
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169:Hanseatic League
166:
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124:is ceded to the
84:Northern Germany
60:
59:
41:
21:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1476:1430s conflicts
1471:1420s conflicts
1401:
1400:
1348:David Nicolle:
1345:
1343:Further reading
1340:
1333:
1318:
1317:
1308:
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1152:
1087:
1002:
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902:
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863:German campaign
719:
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714:
673:
664:
660:
602:
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588:
567:
557:
556:
546:
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529:
528:
516:
506:Johann Bantzkow
499:
490:
481:
472:
463:
461:Jakob Bramstede
454:
445:
436:
421:
410:
393:
387:
357:
355:Pomerania-Barth
348:
344:
297:
295:
276:
268:
259:
257:Co-belligerent:
236:
162:
160:
111:
94:
93:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1489:
1487:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1387:
1379:
1368:
1357:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1306:
1282:
1275:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1212:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1151:
1148:
1086:
1083:
1022:personal union
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682:
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659:
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648:
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632:
631:Rostock: 1,000
624:
623:Hamburg: 1,000
616:
597:
584:
583:
579:
578:
554:Kurd von Hagen
537:Queen Philippa
514:
479:Tideman Soling
470:Jan Russenberg
443:Tidemann Steen
372:
371:
367:
366:
343:
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327:
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34:
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26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1488:
1477:
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1406:
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1369:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1334:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1296:
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743:Greiswald Bay
741:
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722:
711:
706:
704:
699:
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692:
691:
688:
677:
672:
668:
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655:Lüneburg: 800
653:
649:
647:Wismar: 1,000
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
615:Lübeck: 2,000
613:
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449:
444:
440:
434:
429:
428:Johann Kletze
425:
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419:
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409:
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402:
397:
392:
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384:
383:
378:
374:
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368:
365:
361:
356:
352:
347:
346:Supported by:
336:
332:
328:
326:
322:
318:
316:
312:
308:
307:
306:
305:
293:
292:
290:
288:
284:
280:
279:
278:Supported by:
273:
267:
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231:
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141:
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109:
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90:
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69:
65:
62:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
1393:
1382:
1371:
1360:
1349:
1321:
1298:. Retrieved
1294:
1285:
1265:
1258:
1174:
1153:
1136:
1119:
1088:
1072:
1049:
1030:
1018:
1011:
943:
919:Kalmar Union
914:
910:
906:
904:
877:
818:Count's Feud
808:Hemmingstedt
802:
663:
587:
573:
541:
523:
452:Johann Beere
416:
406:
399:
388:
380:
345:
338:(until 1434)
304:Kalmar Union
294:
277:
256:
255:
237:
167:
152:Belligerents
29:Part of the
1170:Christian I
1161:Helsingborg
1143:Vordingborg
1069:The Oresund
937:led by the
607:12,000 men
595:260 Ships
575:Barnim VIII
488:Johann Bere
401:Gerhard VII
110:Territorial
79:Scandinavia
1405:Categories
1300:2024-01-08
1251:References
1210:Copenhagen
1103:Pomeranian
1033:Margaret I
1000:Background
958:Sound Dues
933:) and the
885:Weserübung
671:114 Ships
418:Adolf VIII
89:Baltic Sea
1376:page 89ff
1365:page 254f
1269:. BRILL.
1227:Stralsund
1150:Aftermath
1123:Flensburg
978:Stralsund
913:, or the
858:Stralsund
768:Bornhöved
680:3,000 men
220:Stralsund
103:Hanseatic
66:1426–1435
44:Hanseatic
1392:online:
1354:page 40f
1194:Bornholm
1184:Timeline
1095:Livonian
1091:Prussian
1060:Holstein
970:Lüneburg
582:Strength
525:Eric VII
382:Henry IV
200:Lüneburg
71:Location
1204:1428 –
1085:The War
1079:Wendish
1045:Gotland
974:Rostock
962:Hamburg
954:Oresund
923:Denmark
843:Hamburg
773:Gransee
758:Stellau
753:Waschow
389:†
315:Denmark
210:Rostock
180:Hamburg
112:changes
105:victory
52:Denmark
1329:
1273:
1216:Bergen
1105:, and
1097:, and
1037:Scania
1031:Under
1026:Kalmar
982:Wismar
966:Lübeck
931:Sweden
927:Norway
890:Safari
853:Lübeck
733:Leuven
728:Asselt
539:
508:
430:
404:
385:
335:Sweden
325:Norway
301:
266:Sweden
230:Wismar
190:Lübeck
140:Sweden
136:Danish
130:vassal
119:Danish
99:Result
54:, 1428
46:ships
1107:Saxon
1099:Dutch
950:Dutch
783:Visby
763:Mölln
1327:ISBN
1271:ISBN
946:Eric
905:The
793:Åsle
117:The
63:Date
1208:in
1407::
1374:,
1363:,
1352:,
1309:^
1293:.
1093:,
996:.
980:,
976:,
972:,
968:,
964:,
941:.
929:,
925:,
274:)
50:,
1335:.
1303:.
1279:.
956:(
921:(
709:e
702:t
695:v
542:#
407:#
270:(
132:)
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