233:. The Ramayana is thought to have been gradually adopted through the Khmers and through Siam, both stemming from the ancient Khmer tradition. It was rapidly adapted into a verse format akin to the Buddhist Jataka tales. The Lao version bears only a loose resemblance to the original Ramayana. In the Lao adaptation, Ravana (referred to as Raphanasuan) plays a more prominent role than the main heroes, Rama or Phra Lam. Towards the end of the epic, the magical monkey Hanuman assumes a human form. As often seen in the process of localising literary works, Phra Lak Phra Ram is given a distinct Lao flavor by placing it within the Lao setting. For instance, the Phra Lak Phra Lam places
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548:เบเปเบญเบเบเบฒเบเปเบเปเบง เปเบเปเบเปเบฒเปเบเบตเบเปเบเบตเบเบเบถเปเบเบกเบฒเปเบเบชเบฐเปเปเปเบเบปเปเบฒเบเปเบฒเบเบธเปเบก. เบเบฐเบญเบปเบเปเบเปเบเบณเปเบญเบปเบฒเบชเบฒเบชเบฐเปเบฒเบเบธเบ เปเบฅเบฐ เบชเบดเบฅเบฐเบเบฐเบเบฒเบเบเปเบญเบเบฅเบณเบเบฒเบเบเบฐเปเปเบ เปเบเบปเปเบฒเบกเบฒเปเบเบตเบเปเบเป เปเบเปเบกเบทเบญเบเบเบฝเบเบเบปเบ-เบเบฝเบเบเบญเบ. เบเปเบญเบเบเบฒเบเปเบเปเบง เปเบเบฑเบเบเบฒเบเบเปเบญเบเบเบฐเบเปเบฒเบเบฐเบฅเบฒเบเบฐเบงเบฑเบ เปเบเบทเปเบญเบเบงเบฒเบเปเบเบปเปเบฒเบเปเบฒเบเบธเปเบกเบกเบฐเบซเบฒเบฃเบฒเบ เปเบซเบผเปเบเบซเบผเปเบฒเบเปเบฃเบฐเบเบต เปเบฅเบฐ เบกเบฐเปเบซเบชเบตเปเบเปเบงเปเบเบฑเบเบเบฒ เปเบเบทเปเบญเบเปเบเปเบญเบเบฒเบเบเปเบฒเบเป เปเบเบฑเปเบ: เบชเบฐเบซเบผเบญเบเบเบฒเบเบเบธเบเบชเปเบฒเบเบฑเบ, เปเบเบเบเปเบฒเบเบเบฐเปเบเบเบกเบฒเปเบเบปเปเบฒเปเบเบปเปเบฒ, เปเบงเบฅเบฒเบชเปเบฒเบเบงเบฑเบเบงเบฒเบญเบฒเบฎเบฒเบก เบชเบณเปเบฅเบฑเบ. เปเบกเบทเปเบญเบเปเบญเบ เปเบเบตเปเบเปเบญเบตเปเบเบเบฒเบเบเปเบญเบเบเบตเปเบงเปเบฒ "เบเบฒเบเปเบเปเบงเบเบปเบกเบกเบฐเบเบฒเบฅเบต" เบเปเปเบกเบฒ เปเบเบปเปเบฒเบเปเบฒเบเบธเปเบก เบเบถเปเบเบเปเบฝเบเบเบทเป เบเบญเบเบเบฒเบเบเปเบญเบ เบเบฒเบกเบเบฃเบฐเบเบฒเบก เบเบญเบเบกเบฐเปเบซเบชเบตเบเบฒเบเปเบเปเบงเปเบเบฑเบเบเบฒ เปเบเบฑเบ "เบเปเบญเบเบเบฒเบเปเบเปเบง" (เปเบฒเบเปเบเบดเบ เปเบเปเบงเบเปเบฅเบดเบชเบธเบ). เบเบฑเบเปเบเปเบเบฑเปเบเบกเบฒ, เบเบฒเบเบเปเบญเบเบเบฒเบเปเบเปเบง เปเบเบฑเบเบชเบดเบฅเบฐเบเบฐ เบฎเบตเบเบเบญเบเบเบฐเปเบเบเบต เบเบตเปเบชเบงเบเบเบฒเบก เปเบเบดเปเบเบเบฒเบงเบซเบผเบงเบเบเบฐเบเบฒเบ เปเบเปเบเบปเบเบเบฑเบเบฎเบฑเบเบชเบฒ เปเบฅเบฐ เบชเบทเบเบเบญเบเบเปเปเบเบฑเบเบกเบฒ เบฎเบญเบเบเบฐเบเบธเบเบฑเบ.
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301:. Musicians undergo extensive oral training for several months to ensure they have a precise understanding of each piece, regardless of its length, and the variations it entails. Many musicians are skilled in playing multiple instruments within the ensemble. Currently, there is an aid program aimed at transcribing these pieces to preserve this musical tradition for future generations.
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dance-dramas, with troupes of male and female dancers in elaborate costumes and masks performing very graceful movements demonstrating their great flexibility, and very common dance-drama form for the Phra Lak Phra Ram. Each dancer plays a character in the drama, although most of the narration comes
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and
Ramayana dances. The costumes and accessories of the dancers are extremely precious and only reserved for official performances. A ceremony is held to venerate the guardian spirits before and after each dance. The officiant, accompanied by flowers, candles, and offerings, expresses gratitude and
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Although the performances themselves are not necessarily theatrical, the closest being the exchanges of witty repartรฉes in alternating verses or songs between a male and a female morlam who pretend to fall in love before departing or friends who try to outwit each other. The songs are interspersed
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It is interesting to note that the Phra Lak Phra Lam states that Ram was born in the Mekong valley. According to Sahai, it draws cultural parallels between the Ganges and Mekong. As per the
Laotian version, Ravana was born in Cambodia and the great war was fought on the banks of
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Common to Lam Luang theatre performances are stock characters common to all stories. These include the hero (เบเบฃเบฐเปเบญเบ ), the heroine (เบเบฒเบเปเบญเบ ), king father, queen mother, clown, villain (เบเบนเปเบฎเปเบฒเบฝ ), and supernatural forces such as gods, demons, spirits, or
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dynasty. Over time, it has evolved into a sacred ritual to honour and invoke protection from the gods and protective spirits of the
Laotian folklore. To pay homage to these entities, the King traditionally presented a performance of the
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dance-dramas, the dancers mimic the scene and events together. There is more variety of dance-dramas performed in the Lakhon tradition. The music of Phra Lak Phra Lam is performed by an orchestra known as
Pinphat in its original
170:. The dance masters came from this village which was under the direct ownership of the King, its people serving as tributaries. In exchange, they were exempt from government taxes and received food from the royal palace. The
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shadow puppets, but there are numerous puppeteers instead of one puppet master. Shadow puppet plays are based on similar themes and stories as the other classical dramas, but can be accompanied by either classical music or
449:, it is believed to have developed when the morlam began to dress up and act out various characters from the sung repertoire of oral traditions, myths and legends.it is better known as Lam Luang (เบฅเบณเปเบฃเบทเปเบญเบ ) or
433:. A slow and graceful couples dance, the men form an inner circle and the women an outer circle, with couples dancing around each other while moving in their respective circles. It is a common feature of
349:(เปเปเบฅเบณ ) is the general descriptor for Lao folk music, which at its most basic level consists of the singer/story-teller and the khene (เปเบเบ ). In Isan, both terms are interchangeable, but in Laos,
253:, stories from local or Hindu mythology, or adaptations of stories from surrounding nations. Lao classical dance has two main forms, khone and lakhone. Each is accompanied by Lao classical music.
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158:. It is reported that the dance has retained its traditional style exceptionally well, without undergoing any modifications until present-day. Until 1957, the population of the village of
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The Rama story is thought to have been known to the Thais since at least the 13th century. It was adopted from older Khmer sources, hence the similarity to the Khmer title
Reamker.
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tales to even development projects and community concerns. Music can be classical, morlam, or even modern, and costumes also run the gamut depending on the needs of the story.
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region of
Thailand as well. There are mainly two types of dances (or dance-dramas), the classical dances performed in the royal courts and the folk dances now associated with
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191:" was commemorated. The dance was not taught in dance schools but rather passed down by dance masters of the royal palace, who ensured the prosperity of both the
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292:) dances are usually only performed by females, but male lakhone dancers are not unknown. Instead of each dancer portraying an individual character, such as the
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seeks protection from the spirits and dance masters who oversee the dancers' performance and their mastery of the dance gestures. Nowadays, a representation of
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Shadow puppetry, although not associated with dance, is an important part of Lao theatrical traditions. Various dance-drama troupes, mostly operating out of
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rhyming patterns of the verse and can range from topics as serious as religious sermons and Jataka tales to sometimes bawdy verses about love and sex.
154:. A dance representation would only be held for special occasions. Since then, the dance has been closely preserved and cherished by the people of
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429:(เบฅเบณเบงเบปเบ ). It is the national dance of Laos, and versions of it exist throughout the Lao-speaking region and even Cambodia, where it is known as
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performing at various locales. There are many regional styles, depending on the local tone contours and preferred instrumentation and melodies.
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Stories range from traditional to lewd, serious to bawdy, and are drawn from a diverse range of sources, such as the traditional stories and
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77:, it is said that in addition to a large army of Khmer soldiers, King Fa Ngum was accompanied by numerous female dancers from the court of
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with dance numbers, comedic routines, ham acting, and teasing between the performers and the audience.
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The dance-dramas of Laos were originally only performed for the royal court. Having their origins in
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parade in
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The music that accompanies a lam lao performance may also include various types of
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http://www.diversicare.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Profile_LaoSML.pdf
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was once the exclusive property of the King, accompanying the life of the
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World music: latin and north america, caribbean, india, asia and pacific.
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126:) in honour of Queen Keo Kengnya (also known as Queen Keo Lot Fa), a
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Safeguarding
Intangible Cultural Heritage at Luang Prabang, Lao PDR
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Phannolath, Nalinthone (28 July 2023). "Chapter I: Introduction".
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A khene player and Lao dancers at a morlam performance in France.
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368:, classical stories, or improvised according to the complicated
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406:) are numerous and varied, much like lam lao. In fact, most
187:(Phimai). At the same time, the creation of the country as "
53:, continue to teach the old classical court dances and more
73:. According to Lao legends surrounding the first ruler of
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World encyclopedia of contemporary theatre: Asia/Pacific.
146:, including the royal dance, to the imperial capital of
581:"The Ramayana in Southeast Asia: (2) Thailand and Laos"
569:(Master of Archaeology and Heritage Management thesis).
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only refers to the singer. Troupes travel around like
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712:Lao cultural profile. (2012, July). Retrieved from
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57:-influenced dramas and folk dances, respectively.
677:World and its peoples: eastern and southern asia.
691:B., Rachel, Lam, M. B., Cullen, A. et al (2007).
414:. And Other popular dances include the southern
506:Vietnam, cambodia, laos and the greater mekong.
737:Clewley, J. (2001). 'Laos: beyond our khaen.'
508:Oakland, California: Lonely Planet Publishers.
487:(2001). Rubin, D., Pong C. S., Caturvedi, R.,
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425:The most popular folk dance, however, is the
211:Most dance dramas depict scenes from the Lao
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602:"Phra Lak Phra Lam, The Localised Ramayana"
264:dance-drama based on the Phra Lak Phra Ram.
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437:, celebrations, and other social events.
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728:Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish Corp.
679:Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish Corp.
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241:. According to the Laotian tradition,
166:, provided young girls to perform the
642:The cambridge guide to asian theatre.
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495:(Vol. III). New York, NY: Routlegde.
189:The Kingdom of the Million Elephants
138:. She is credited for bringing both
671:B., Rachel, Lam, M. B., Cullen, A.
606:Asian traditional dance and theatre
724:Mansfield, S. and Koh, M. (2008).
260:Masked dancers about to perform a
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445:A truly theatrical derivative of
400:Lao folk dances (เบเปเบญเบเบฅเบณเบเบทเปเบเปเบกเบทเบญเบ
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523:"La petite histoire de Nang Kรชo"
20:(nattakam Lao, Lao: เบเบฒเบเบเบฐเบเบฑเบกเบฅเบฒเบง
200:is held once every year in the
277:) is the most stylised of the
98:The Lao royal dance is called
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620:"How Hanuman became Houliman"
403:[fษฬหnlรกmpสฐษฏฬหnmษฏฬaล]
202:Royal Palace of Luang Prabang
726:Cultures of the world: laos.
308:or shadow puppets (เปเบฑเบเบเบฐเบฅเบธเบ
286:to the side. Lakhone (เบฅเบฐเบเบญเบ
304:Although lacking in dance,
222:[pสฐฤส.lฤkpสฐฤส.lรกหm]
61:Classical dance and theatre
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23:[nรขหt.tฤ.kร mlรกหw]
18:dance and theatre of Laos
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410:also have an associated
640:Brandon, J. R. (1993).
521:Phounpadith, Sayasith.
703:Brandon, J. R. (1993).
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859:Japanese puppet state
441:Lam luang (likay lao)
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91:dance, also known as
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388:A folk dance in the
894:Vietnamese invasion
849:French protectorate
345:Lam Lao (เบฅเบณเบฅเบฒเบง) or
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904:History until 1945
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418:(เบฅเบณเบเบฑเบเบซเบงเบฒเบฝ ) and
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229:(เบเบฒเบเบปเบ ), or the
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134:and wife of King
121:Dance of Lady Keo
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1215:Ethnic groups
1213:
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986:
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976:
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968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
955:Deforestation
953:
951:
948:
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917:
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837:
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827:
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815:
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773:
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766:
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734:
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721:
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709:
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621:
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612:
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582:
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565:
564:
556:
553:
549:
545:
541:
540:"เบเปเบญเบเบเบฒเบเปเบเปเบง"
535:
532:
524:
517:
515:
511:
507:
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248:
244:
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239:Mekong valley
236:
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209:
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199:
198:Fone Nang Keo
194:
193:Fone Nang Keo
190:
186:
182:
181:Fone Nang Keo
177:
173:
172:Fone Nang Keo
169:
168:Fone Nang Keo
165:
164:Luang Prabang
161:
157:
156:Luang Prabang
153:
149:
148:Luang Prabang
145:
144:Khmer culture
141:
137:
133:
129:
105:
101:
100:Fone Nang Keo
94:
90:
89:Fone Nang Keo
86:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
60:
58:
56:
52:
48:
47:Luang Prabang
43:
41:
37:
33:
29:
24:
19:
1292:
1250:Prostitution
1205:Demographics
1169:Trade unions
1131:Central bank
1046:Human rights
1026:Constitution
738:
733:
725:
720:
708:
676:
672:
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658:
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636:
627:
623:
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588:
584:
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562:
555:
547:
543:
534:
528:(in French).
505:
500:
492:
488:
484:
459:
450:
444:
426:
424:
420:Lam Saravane
419:
416:lam Tang Vai
415:
407:
399:
374:
359:
350:
344:
306:nang taloung
305:
303:
293:
268:
267:
261:
245:was born in
226:
210:
206:Lao New Year
197:
192:
185:Lao New Year
180:
175:
171:
167:
99:
97:
92:
88:
64:
44:
30:art form of
17:
15:
1389:Laotian art
1126:Agriculture
1051:LGBT rights
844:Muang Phuan
814:Tai peoples
544:Moladok ICH
451:sung story.
183:during the
108:เบเปเบญเบเบเบฒเบเปเบเปเบง
1383:Categories
1313:Literature
1138:(currency)
960:Ecoregions
914:Insurgency
899:Neutrality
884:Pathet Lao
864:Lao Issara
809:Lao people
804:Khun Borom
546:(in Lao).
469:References
412:folk dance
380:Folk dance
362:percussion
311:[]
299:Khmer form
289:[]
274:[]
160:Ban Phanom
1303:Festivals
1210:Education
1174:Transport
1090:President
1078:President
1031:Elections
938:Geography
839:Champasak
834:Vientiane
355:minstrels
215:known as
51:Vientiane
1363:Category
1255:Religion
1245:Language
1230:COVID-19
1068:Military
1009:Politics
990:Wildlife
970:Phou Bia
824:Vat Phou
819:Lan Xang
799:Peopling
783:articles
675:(2007).
435:weddings
427:lam vong
247:Cambodia
213:Ramayana
204:for the
140:Buddhism
75:Lan Xang
67:Cambodia
28:dramatic
1347:Outline
1288:Cuisine
1275:Culture
1188:Society
1164:Tourism
1149:Fishing
1114:Economy
950:Borders
791:History
629:Mekong.
431:ramvong
327:Lam lao
251:Sin Xay
225:), the
136:Fa Ngum
115:
1368:Portal
1328:Sports
1298:Emblem
1283:Anthem
1220:Health
1144:Energy
975:Rivers
965:Mekong
781:
491:(ed.)
455:Jataka
447:morlam
394:morlam
366:poetry
351:morlam
347:morlam
333:morlam
321:morlam
316:wayang
284:chorus
243:Ravana
231:Jataka
132:Angkor
79:Angkor
40:morlam
1354:Index
1318:Music
1265:Women
1234:Delta
1200:Crime
985:Towns
673:et al
567:(PDF)
526:(PDF)
489:et al
485:Laos.
463:ogres
370:tonal
271:(เปเบเบ
227:Sadok
128:Khmer
55:Khmer
1308:Flag
1237:cron
1232:and
1136:Kip
779:Laos
294:Khon
269:Khon
262:khon
142:and
112:lit.
49:and
36:Isan
32:Laos
16:The
1225:HIV
1058:Law
408:lam
279:Lao
235:Ram
104:Lao
1385::
696:^
684:^
657:.
626:.
622:.
604:.
587:.
583:.
542:.
513:^
477:^
465:.
110:,
106::
81:.
42:.
771:e
764:t
757:v
661:.
608:.
124:'
118:'
102:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
