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The MPS announced last year that within three years it would have created a nationwide computerized database containing personal details and ID numbers for every adult in the country. In the past the
Chinese government has kept a cumulative file (called the dangan) on every individual's performance
103:
and other sources, this includes appraisals by supervisors and peers, academic reports from primary school to university, professional credentials, any criminal convictions or administrative penalties, club/society memberships, employment records, and political history (such as
283:, planned for the period 2016–2020, includes plans to establish a "centralised repository for citizen information" to "the creation of a robust socio-psychological service system." This system has subsequently been referred to in English-language press accounts as the
196:
The dossier means that every individual is responsible for all of their behaviour and everything they do will be recorded for the rest of their life. Consequently the dossier discourages any 'errant' behaviour and is seen as aiding the harmonious nature of the person’s
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An embryonic dang'an is created when individuals enter the school system. This is similar to the permanent file of a school student in some
Western school systems, and is transferred from school to school, but in China it is required for entry to university or a
146:
era, these dossiers were consulted by work unit officials as they made decisions about the major life events of those under their control. Urban residents were assigned jobs by the state. Thereafter, permission from the work unit was needed for
187:
journalist Rupert
Wingfield-Hayes, "A black mark against you – a bad school report, a disagreement with your boss, a visit to a psychiatrist – all can travel with you for the rest of your life..." They are also used in investigations by the
166:
has proceeded, the situation has been less clear-cut, as the dang'an system conflicts with market-oriented labour contracts. Graduates have been able to choose their own employment since the mid-1990s in most regions (the latest,
98:
The Dang'an includes personal information such as physical characteristics, employment record, photograph, etc. However, it also contains many other documents that would be considered private in some other cultures. According to
159:. As late as 2003, academic Zhou Jinghao could write that, "A work unit controls employees basically through the dang'an (personnel dossier) system. An employee cannot transfer to another work unit without his dang'an."
123:(PSB). Access to dang'an is strictly controlled. Citizens do not usually see their dang'an, although they may ask a Communist Party member to check it for them. Alterations may only be carried out by special
189:
685:
237:
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According to Zhou, "private and foreign-funded enterprises are no longer required to receive the dang'an when they hire employees." Instead, foreign firms transfer them to the
221:, to which the file is then transferred. Millions of peasants, who work on family farms or in small businesses, never acquire a dang'an. Those who do are classified as either
476:
514:
71:/file". Used in the political and administrative context, it means a permanent dossier or archival system that records the "performance and attitudes" of citizens of
711:
file opened on each urban citizen when he or she enters elementary school, and it shadows the person throughout life, moving on to high school, college, employer.
361:
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The system has started to crumble in recent times, for example, the dang'an of employees of foreign companies are transferred to the
Ministry of Foreign Trade.
696:
724:
401:
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P.42: "Notwithstanding his career in the security apparatus, Qiao also proposed that the party's system of internal spies and personnel files (
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membership and assessments). Some of the material is composed by the subject. Even the death certificate and eulogy may be placed in the file.
87:
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79:, it has been an important part of the government's efforts to maintain control of its people. Majority of the records are kept by the local
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era, they were even used to determine which individuals and families would be sent to carry out manual labour in the countryside, under the
762:
647:
134:
A Montreal-based human rights group has claimed that the PSB is in the process of computerizing the hundreds of millions of dang'an.
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623:. Vol. 53/54, no. 4/1. The Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University (published 2000-08-21). Archived from
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120:
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38:
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854:
515:"China's Golden Shield: Corporations and the Development of Surveillance Technology in the People's Republic of China"
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817:
652:
Report on ‘Responding to the Needs of the
Chinese Learner in Higher Education: Internationalising the University’
280:
109:
171:, in 2006), and marriage has not required work unit consent since 2003. Some private companies in prosperous
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168:
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and attitudes from kindergarten, and throughout adult employment. This information will now be digitized...
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that the dang'an system be abolished. Both Qiao and the proposal fell out of favour the following year.
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306:
284:
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the result is that, "Personal revenge, false entries, and special favors are thus part of the game."
152:
100:
355:
267:, for example, draws comparisons to dang'an in his critique of the United States school system.
823:
790:
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424:
343:
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648:"Understanding the Chinese Learners' Community of Practices: An insider-outsider's view"
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183:, promotions, and other benefits based on information in their dang'an. According to
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68:
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Kristof, Nicholas D. (1992-03-16). "Where Each Worker is Yoked to a
Personal File".
923:
76:
28:
594:
517:. International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development. Archived from
151:, childbirth, and transferring the dang'an (i.e., changing workplace). During the
654:. 2nd Biennial International Conference, University of Portsmouth. Archived from
758:
347:
329:
Surveillance State: Inside China's Quest to Launch a New Era of Social
Control
218:
172:
116:
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do not even require access to the files, which remains with the employee's
244:
180:
148:
301:
80:
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ReadingGroupGuides.com - The People's
Republic of Desire by Annie Wang
17:
143:
128:
54:
768:. Immigration and Nationality Division, Home Office. Archived from
251:'s number three leader in the mid-90s. In 1996, he proposed to the
75:. Together with the current system of household registration, the
550:
Remaking China's Public
Philosophy for the Twenty-First Century
184:
477:"20 Years of Professional Management in China (see comments)"
420:
From Family to Market: Labor
Allocation in Contemporary China
115:
There are two copies for adults: one held on behalf of their
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Fields, Melanie K.; Leslie, Sarah H; Hoge, Anita B. (1995).
119:
by its supervisory organization, and the other at the local
902:
682:. Quotations from this article are apparently recorded in
725:"Hukou System in China (see comment 12 June 2006, 2023)"
876:"China's social credit score system is doomed to fail"
855:"Google Search: dangan "John Taylor Gatto" -Knowledge"
179:. However, individuals may still be granted or denied
27:"Dangan" redirects here. For the village in Iran, see
907:
874:
Hamilton, Gilliam Collinsworth (November 16, 2015).
453:"Records management in China: Part 1--introduction"
194:
380:"Responses to Information Request CHN38011.E"
8:
332:(1st ed.). New York. pp. 220–221.
233:). It is difficult to cross this boundary.
360:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
243:The future of dang'an was questioned by
914:
376:Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
318:
127:, and when combined with the custom of
903:State Archives Administration of China
798:
788:
678:New York Times (International Edition)
593:Wingfield-Hayes, Rupert (2005-06-19).
353:
88:State Archives Administration of China
7:
759:Country Policy and Information Unit
25:
457:ARMA Records Management Quarterly
451:Stephens, David O. (April 1998).
212:Limitations of the dang'an system
917:
597:. Association for Asian Research
326:Chin, Josh; Lin, Liza (2022).
59:
50:
42:
1:
723:Wang, Jianshuo (2006-06-10).
617:"China and the Foreign Press"
259:Comparison to Western systems
822:. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
686:"When Johnny Takes the Test"
423:. Rowman & Littlefield.
271:Computerized data repository
263:American education activist
646:Ouyang, Huhua (July 2006).
961:
763:"CHINA COUNTRY ASSESSMENT"
253:National People's Congress
190:Ministry of State Security
26:
650:. In Thorpe, Keir (ed.).
945:Chinese family registers
693:The Christian Conscience
595:"The dark side of China"
819:China Under Jiang Zemin
816:Tien, Hung-mao (2000).
417:Wang, Fei-ling (1998).
229:) or workers (Chinese:
211:
177:neighbourhood committee
164:Chinese economic reform
90:at the national level.
67:word meaning "archived
615:Lubman, Sarah (1992).
547:Zhou, Jinghao (2003).
285:"social credit system"
209:
121:Public Security Bureau
553:. Praeger/Greenwood.
513:Walton, Greg (2001).
378:(IRBC) (2002-03-13).
627:on September 8, 2006
307:Social Credit System
238:Ministry of Commerce
157:theory of bloodlines
940:Government of China
281:13th Five Year Plan
153:Cultural Revolution
47:traditional Chinese
801:has generic name (
404:2007-09-28 at the
279:reported that the
39:simplified Chinese
829:978-1-55587-927-3
731:on August 8, 2007
560:978-0-275-97882-2
534:. See also IRBC,
339:978-1-250-24929-6
265:John Taylor Gatto
16:(Redirected from
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138:Significance
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106:Youth League
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77:Hukou system
58:
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29:Dangan, Iran
142:During the
934:Categories
885:2015-12-26
860:2007-08-21
835:2007-08-21
779:2007-08-21
735:2007-08-21
706:2007-08-21
662:2007-08-21
631:2007-08-21
601:2007-08-21
580:Stephens,
566:2007-08-21
525:2007-08-21
487:2007-08-21
462:2007-08-21
436:2007-08-21
385:2007-08-21
348:1315574672
313:References
225:(Chinese:
356:cite book
249:P.R.China
219:work unit
199:work unit
181:passports
173:Guangdong
117:work unit
791:cite web
502:loc.cit.
402:Archived
291:See also
245:Qiao Shi
204:—
149:marriage
94:Contents
582:op.cit.
536:op.cit.
302:Archive
231:gōngrén
84:bureaus
81:archive
65:Chinese
63:) is a
60:dàng'àn
35:Dang'an
910:Portal
842:dangan
826:
557:
500:Wang,
427:
346:
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223:cadres
144:Maoist
129:guanxi
125:cadres
69:record
57::
55:pinyin
49::
41::
18:Dangan
924:China
773:(PDF)
766:(PDF)
700:(PDF)
689:(PDF)
227:ganbu
169:Tibet
824:ISBN
803:help
555:ISBN
425:ISBN
362:link
344:OCLC
334:ISBN
108:and
185:BBC
162:As
110:CPC
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