109:(FA) that included the first law involving dangerous play. Law 10 stated that: "If any player with the ball should run towards his advisories' goal, any player in the opposition side should be at liberty to charge, hold, trip, or hack him, or wrest the ball from him; but no player shall be held or hacked at the same time". Hacking (tripping an opponent and kicking his shins) and carrying the ball were the most contested rules and they were soon scrapped by the FA. This caused some clubs to leave the Association and soon more games were played that involved hacking and carrying the ball than those that followed the FA's "official" laws. Concerns over hacking came to a head in 1870 when a surgeon published a letter in the times complaining about the number of rugby injuries he had dealt with that involved hacking, and chastised the schools for letting it continue.
71:
This is assessed by judging if the offending was intentional, reckless, provoked or premeditated as well as what body part was used (fist, knee, boot etc.), how vulnerable the victim was, the effect of the actions had on the victim and disciplinary record of the offender. When handing out match suspensions for dangerous play the IRB recommends suspension periods based on the type and severity of the offence. For most incidences of dangerous play (punching, stamping, dangerous tackles etc.) they recommend suspensions starting from two weeks, up to a maximum of one year. The more serious offences include striking with the head (up to two years), making contact with the eyes (up to three years), testicle grabbing (up to four years) and biting (up to four years).
92:, suspension (for a number of matches or time period), exclusion from Rugby Unions or grounds, suspension from Rugby officiating or a combination of the above. Verbal abuse of match officials can be punished by up to a year suspension, while threatening could result in five years and physical abuse of an official could see the offender banned for life. Racial or other discriminatory abuse could see a player banned for up to a year. Players banned can go to the crown kings general court so that they can get the time on their ban reduced.
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after a player suffered a serious injury to his left ear and subsequently received a six-month ban. In 2008 an
English club player was banned for eighty weeks following a biting incident that left a player with "a partial amputation of the right index finger". A Welsh club rugby player was jailed for
70:
is appointed, who can cite any player for dangerous play, whether they have been detected by the referee or not. In matches where there is no appointed citing commissioner the Unions involved can cite players for dangerous play. During the judicial process the severity of the incident is considered.
270:
Eye-gouging is a serious offence where a player uses hands or fingers to inflict pain in an opponent's eyes. The game's laws refer to it as "contact with eyes or the eye area of an opponent" but such incidents are usually referred to as "eye-gouging" among players and in the media. The IRB has made
79:
The law that deals with dangerous play also applies to misconduct. Misconduct is any conduct (excluding foul play during a match) that is unsporting, unruly, ill-disciplined or that brings the sport of rugby union into disrepute. Misconduct deals with violence or intimidation that occurs within the
168:
he didn't miss any games. In 2009 at a rugby derby involving two of
Romania's top teams a mass brawl broke out involving most of the players and reportedly a few spectators. Two players received a red card at the time and nine players were later suspended by the Romanian Rugby Federation.
104:
games were played under a code of conduct that varied between each school or club. As the popularity and number of clubs increased a set of standardised rules were developed. On 24 November 1863 a set of rules were developed by
197:
was jailed for 15 months after stomping on an opposition player's head during a rugby game in 2005. In 2006 a South
African rugby player from the Western Cape died after allegedly being kicked in the head during a rugby match.
279:, during the same week in June 2009, the IRB stated that it would review the sanction structure for this type of offence "in order to send out the strongest possible message that such acts will not be tolerated".
561:
255:
at the start of the first test during the 2005 tour. The tackle dislocated O'Driscoll's shoulder, putting him out of the rest of the tour. Although cited, no suspensions were handed to either Umaga or
Mealamu.
306:. Clarence Harding, an amateur player, lost sight in his right eye after an incident. On 24 November 2010 the player alleged to have been responsible was cleared of all charges due to lack of evidence.
354:
125:
every player would attack a South
African player, reasoning that this would prevent the referee form penalising any one individual, as he could not send the whole team off. After French fullback
31:
law book. It defines foul play as "anything a player does within the playing enclosure that is against the letter and spirit of the Laws of the Game". Under these laws dangerous play includes;
214:'s ear during a scrum during a test in 1994, receiving an 18-month ban. After the disciplinary hearing he stated that "For an 18-month suspension, I feel I probably should have torn it off".
298:. The following Thursday it was confirmed that, despite the best efforts of surgeons, he had lost the sight in his left eye. The incident is currently being investigated by the
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multiple times as he lay prone on the ground. He received a red card and subsequent seven week ban for the offence, although as it occurred during the
Australian
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special mention of eye gouging, describing it as "particularly heinous". Following two high-profile test match incidents, involving
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observes dangerous play they are obliged to penalise and admonish the perpetrator. This can result in a "temporary suspension" (
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on involved games or lying about past disciplinary records. The penalty handed down for misconduct cases could be a caution,
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62:). If the offence is serious enough further action can be taken after the game, including bans from playing rugby and
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venue (i.e. changing rooms, tunnel, warmup area), abuse of match officials or spectators, discriminatory statements,
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185:, the Quillan hooker Gaston Riviere received such a kicking that he died from his injuries. Welsh fullback
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a year in 2008 for biting an opponent's earlobe off. After a scuffle during a 2009 rugby match in the
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in 1978. After receiving 30 stitches from his father he returned to the game. A player for Welsh club
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562:"Rugby Union: How the imperial settlers carried an oval ball from the Pampas to Pacific"
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after being mistaken for another player who made contact with Mendez's head. During the
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231:, a player had to have his fingertip reattached after an alleged biting incident.
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355:"Laws of the Game Rugby Union 2010, Law 10.4 Dangerous Play and Misconduct"
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suffered an eye injury 30 minutes into a game between
Scarlets feeder club
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122:
85:
81:
620:"Rugby Union: Yates' legal team pushes for delay in ear-biting hearin"
882:
40:
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218:, an English international, was cited for foul play in 1998 by
117:
During the 1974 Lions tour to South Africa, Lions captain
834:"Disappointment as Kent rugby player cleared of gouging"
723:"Eye gouging: war is declared on rugby's 'ultimate sin'"
432:"Regulation 17. Illegal and/or Foul Play and Misconduct"
384:"Laws of the Game Rugby Union 2010, Law 10.5 Sanctions"
323:"Laws of the Game Rugby Union 2010, Law 10 Definitions"
189:
was the victim of stamping by touring New
Zealand prop
141:
was unexpectedly hit by a haymaker from
Argentine prop
133:
during the 1991 Rugby World Cup quarter-final, flanker
137:
knocked Heslop out with a punch. In 1990 English lock
543:"Mass Romanian rugby brawl caught a big hit on film"
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747:"IRB review signals intent to get tough on gouging"
813:"Player blinded in one eye after gouge speaks out"
149:2001 tour match against Australian state side the
181:, the strongest team in France at the time, and
601:"History of violence emerges after rugby death"
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129:was bumped after taking a mark by Englishman
8:
765:"Gavin Quinnell loses sight in his left eye"
740:
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685:"Rugby player accused of biting off finger"
1128:
926:
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652:"Rugby player banned after biting finger"
58:) of 10 minutes or even a "sending off" (
865:A social history of English Rugby Union
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702:Mark Souster (September 26, 2007).
658:. Staffordshire. November 25, 2008.
586:"Rugby player jailed for stamping"
19:is dealt with under the foul play
14:
683:Devin Hermanus (April 29, 2009).
670:"Ear-biting rugby player is jail"
560:Smith, Sean (30 September 1999).
66:. In some high-profile matches a
1247:
1238:
1237:
618:Chris Hewett (17 January 1998).
977:International eligibility rules
787:"Blind eyes must not be turned"
745:Baldock, Andrew (2 July 2009).
599:Ben Maclennan (June 27, 2006).
811:Eykyn, Alastair (2010-05-06).
672:. BBC News. 25 September 2008.
1:
588:. BBC News. 12 November 2007.
529:"Blood, punch-ups and biting"
527:Huw Baines (March 11, 2009).
17:Dangerous play in rugby union
721:Souster, Mark (2010-01-11).
549:. Australia. April 14, 2009.
247:were involved in an illegal
286:of the Welsh regional team
1305:
263:
177:In a 1927 match involving
1284:Rugby union-related lists
1274:Rugby union controversies
1233:
439:International Rugby Board
388:International Rugby Board
359:International Rugby Board
327:International Rugby Board
266:Eye-gouging (rugby union)
25:International Rugby Board
570:. London. Archived from
151:New South Wales Waratahs
121:devised a plan where on
107:the Football Association
23:(Law 9) in the official
1279:Rugby union terminology
210:bit New Zealand hooker
147:British and Irish Lions
863:Collins, Tony (2009).
638:"Kevin Yates: Profile"
767:. BBC. 7 October 2010
574:on November 11, 2012.
264:Further information:
113:Punching and fighting
239:New Zealand players
173:Stamping and kicking
1225:Oldest competitions
1159:Physical disability
1110:Olympic venues (7s)
1008:American flag rugby
942:Oldest competitions
282:On 2 October 2010,
206:South African prop
68:citing commissioner
1289:Violence in sports
840:. 24 November 2010
39:or trampling, and
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1190:Canadian football
1185:American football
1118:
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1089:Canadian football
1084:American football
987:Playing countries
874:978-0-415-47660-7
710:. United Kingdom.
626:. United Kingdom.
300:Welsh Rugby Union
251:on Lions captain
235:Dangerous tackles
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212:Sean Fitzpatrick
64:criminal charges
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277:Sergio Parisse
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119:Willie McBride
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867:. Routledge.
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793:on 2010-05-07
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640:. ESPN Scrum.
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531:. ESPN Scrum.
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504:, p. 19.
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491:
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448:on 2012-06-09
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394:on 2011-07-25
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365:on 2011-07-25
364:
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333:on 2011-07-25
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273:Schalk Burger
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245:Keven Mealamu
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208:Johan le Roux
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35:or striking,
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26:
22:
18:
1220:Oldest clubs
1124:Rugby league
1094:Rugby league
946:
937:Competitions
864:
856:Bibliography
842:. Retrieved
828:
817:. Retrieved
806:
795:. Retrieved
791:the original
781:
769:. Retrieved
759:
751:The Scotsman
750:
726:
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707:
697:
688:
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656:The Sentinel
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572:the original
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502:Collins 2009
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490:Collins 2009
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466:Collins 2009
461:
450:. Retrieved
443:the original
396:. Retrieved
392:the original
378:
367:. Retrieved
363:the original
335:. Retrieved
331:the original
317:
304:Gwent Police
281:
269:
249:spear tackle
238:
205:
187:JPR Williams
176:
162:Ronan O'Gara
155:Duncan McRae
139:Paul Ackford
131:Nigel Heslop
127:Serge Blanco
116:
99:
78:
49:
16:
15:
1195:Rugby union
1178:Comparisons
1077:Comparisons
1023:Samoa rules
957:Eye-gouging
922:Rugby union
844:24 November
689:The Mercury
260:Eye-gouging
229:Brackenfell
216:Kevin Yates
195:Pontycymmer
153:, fullback
56:yellow card
29:rugby union
1268:Categories
1169:Wheelchair
1058:Wheelchair
1001:Variations
819:2010-05-11
815:. BBC News
797:2010-05-06
771:11 October
547:Herald Sun
452:2010-04-29
398:2010-04-29
369:2010-04-29
337:2010-04-29
310:References
296:Cross Keys
241:Tana Umaga
227:suburb of
166:off-season
135:Éric Champ
123:a set call
75:Misconduct
1144:Geography
992:Positions
952:Equipment
731:. London.
728:The Times
708:The Times
605:Iol Sport
225:Cape Town
183:Perpignan
1243:Category
1139:Gameplay
967:Glossary
962:Gameplay
838:BBC News
292:Llanelli
288:Scarlets
159:Fly half
60:red card
41:kicking.
37:stamping
33:punching
1253:Commons
1149:History
1132:General
1068:Rugby X
1063:Women's
972:History
930:General
179:Quillan
96:History
86:betting
82:bribery
52:referee
46:Process
871:
202:Biting
100:Early
27:(IRB)
1053:Touch
1043:Tambo
1013:Beach
446:(PDF)
435:(PDF)
102:Rugby
50:If a
1154:Laws
1033:Snow
1018:Mini
982:Laws
869:ISBN
846:2010
773:2010
302:and
294:and
275:and
243:and
90:fine
1048:10s
1038:Tag
21:law
1270::
1028:7s
836:.
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