199:
45:
396:, in north-western Arabia, and how a Jewish seer explains to him that this is because he is an idol-worshiper. Another passage, extremely fragmented, apparently introduces a dream narrative. The parallels with the history of Nabonidus are extremely close, and while Daniel 4 is not based on the Prayer, it is likely that it is a variant of an original Jewish story in which Nabonidus, and not Nebuchadnezzar, was the king.
453:, where the pharaoh of Egypt is compared to a mighty tree towering above all others with its top in the clouds, a symbol of human arrogance about to be cut down. The metaphor then switches to depict Nebuchadnezzar as a beast dependent on grace for its survival until he learns humility before God. Possibly significantly, the king is restored when he "lifts up" his eyes to heaven.
178:
live with wild animals and eat grass like an ox. This came to pass, until at the end of the seven years
Nebuchadnezzar regained his human mind and his kingdom were restored. The letter concludes with Nebuchadnezzar's praise of God, for "all his works are truth, and his ways are justice, and he is able to bring low those who walk in pride".
177:
Daniel is initially troubled, and he is reassured by the king. Daniel then expresses the hope that the dream applied to someone else - those who hate the king - but he goes on to explain: the king himself is the tree, and by the decree of God he will lose his human mind for the mind of an animal, and
375:
were only introduced in the 13th century, and given that chapter 4 is in
Nebuchadnezzar's voice, the attachment to this chapter seems the most fitting choice. This is followed by the dream, Daniel's interpretation, the sentence, the king's recovery, and a final doxology in which the king repeats his
120:
in which he learns a lesson of God's sovereignty, "who is able to bring low those who walk in pride". Nebuchadnezzar dreams of a great tree that shelters the whole world, but an angelic "watcher" appears and decrees that the tree must be cut down and that for seven years, he will have his human mind
169:
Nebuchadnezzar was living in his palace in peace and prosperity when he had a strange dream which troubled him. None of his diviners and magicians were able to explain it for him, and he called for Daniel, chief of all his wise men. This is the dream: The king saw a great tree at the centre of the
462:
Then Daniel, whose name was
Belteshazzar, was astonished for a time, and his thoughts troubled him. So the king spoke, and said, "Belteshazzar, do not let the dream or its interpretation trouble you." Belteshazzar answered and said, "My lord, may the dream concern those who hate you, and its
412:, like the other tales of chapters 1–6. The theme is the relationship between heavenly and earthly power: the king's power on earth is not denied, but it is subordinate to the power of God. Chapters 4 and 5 contrast Nebuchadnezzar, who learns his lesson when humbled by God, and
174:" come from heaven and call for the tree to be cut down and his human mind changed to that of a beast for seven "times". This sentence "is rendered by decree of the watchers ... in order that all who live may know that the Most High is sovereign over the kingdom of mortals..."
489:
When that period was over, I, Nebuchadnezzar, lifted my eyes to heaven, and my reason returned to me. I blessed the Most High, and praised and honored the one who lives forever. For his sovereignty is an everlasting sovereignty, and his kingdom endures from generation to
2098:
475:
records the doubts of many as to "whether shâ‘âh is meant here to denote exactly what we call an 'hour'" and commends "a moment" as a better translation. In place of the hope that the dream "might be" about
Nebuchadnezzar's enemies, the contemporary
498:
notes that the restoration of
Nebuchadnezzar comes "when the king 'lifts his eyes' and his reason returns; also 'when the period was over' exactly! The coincidence of human free action and divine decree, the core difficulty of any theory of
198:
441:, but on occasion refers to the holy angels. The watcher's commands to cut down the tree (i.e., Nebuchadnezzar) and strip it are issued, presumably, to the divine beings who carry out God's will.
340:(mid-2nd century BCE) by the visions in chapters 7–12. The tales are in the voice of an anonymous narrator, except for chapter 4 which is in the form of a letter from king Nebuchadnezzar.
267:
166:, addresses a letter "to all peoples, nations and languages that live throughout the earth" telling them he will recount the "signs and wonders" that the Most High God has worked for me."
2354:
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Now I, Nebuchadnezzar, praise and extol and honor the King of heaven, all of whose works are truth, and His ways justice. And those who walk in pride He is able to put down.
2539:
170:
earth, its top touching heaven, visible to the ends of the earth, and providing food and shelter to all the creatures of the world. As the king watched he saw a "
1989:
2601:
363:("King Nebuchadnezzar to all peoples, nations and languages...May you have abundant peace!"). Jewish bibles, and some Christian ones, attach this to the end of
1520:
1793:
128:
The message of the story is that all earthly power, including that of kings, is subordinate to the power of God. This chapter forms a contrasting pair with
480:(2013-2019) records Daniel's regret in knowing this is not the case: "My Lord, if only the dream were about your enemies and its meaning about your foes!"
1610:
1499:
429:
In
Nebuchadnezzar's dream a "holy watcher" descends from heaven to pronounce sentence on tree and king. This is the sole instance of this phrase in the
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1483:(Volume 3 of Daniel and Revelation Committee Series ed.). Biblical Research Institute, General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists.
503:, is glossed over." Davies poses the question: "does Nebuchadnezzar confess his arrogance because his reason is restored, or vice versa?"
347:
figure; it is possible that this name was chosen for the hero of the book because of his reputation as a wise seer in Hebrew tradition.
2140:
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416:, who learns nothing from Nebuchadnezzar's example and blasphemes against God, who then gives his kingdom to the Medes and Persians.
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An
Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus
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of
Babylon (reigned 556–539 BCE), it tells how he was smitten by an inflammation for seven years while in the oasis-city of
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taken away and will eat grass like an ox. This comes to pass, and at the end of his punishment, Nebuchadnezzar praises God.
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44:
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The meaning of the Dead Sea scrolls: their significance for understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and
Christianity
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Lucas, Ernest C. (2005). "Daniel, Book of". In
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Wesselius, Jan-Wim (2002). "The Writing of Daniel". In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
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433:, although it echoes the frequent descriptions of God's watchfulness and the word appears several times in the
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The new Oxford annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical books : New Revised Standard Version
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This is the only occasion in the whole of the Hebrew Bible where God is referred to as the King of heaven.
822:
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132:, where Nebuchadnezzar learns that God alone controls the world and he is restored to his kingdom, while
371:) instead of his madness. Seow suggests that this is no more than an accidental result of the fact that
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fails to learn from Nebuchadnezzar's example and has his kingdom taken from him and given to the
1857:
Reid, Stephen Breck (2000). "Daniel, Book of". In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
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865:
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Davidson, Robert (1993). "Jeremiah, Book of". In Metzger, Bruce M.; Coogan, Michael D. (eds.).
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Judaic Religion in the Second Temple Period: Belief and Practice from the Exile to Yavneh
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388:(scroll 4QPrNab) with close parallels to Daniel 4. Told in the first person by King
438:
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1185:
Davies, Philip (2006). "Apocalyptic". In Rogerson, J. W.; Lieu, Judith M. (eds.).
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The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to Jewish Apocalyptic Literature
467:
The "time" during which Daniel was troubled is expressed as "an hour" in the
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in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), The Oxford Bible Commentary, p. 566
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367:, so that Nebuchadnezzar's letter concerns the events of chapter 3 (the
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1522:
Essays on the Book of Enoch and Other Early Jewish Texts and Traditions
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Weber, Timothy P. (2007). "Millennialism". In Walls, Jerry L. (ed.).
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The Human and the Divine in History: Herodotus and the Book of Daniel
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405:
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Apocalypse Against Empire: Theologies of Resistance in Early Judaism
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1082:. In McGinn, Bernard; Collins, John J.; Stein, Stephen J. (eds.).
393:
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109:
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1590:. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
1567:. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
1544:. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
1368:. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
1303:. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
1254:. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
1166:. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
1056:. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
845:. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
2385:
1232:
Secrets of Daniel: wisdom and dreams of a Jewish prince in exile
2235:
867:
Reading the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Hebrew Bible
1501:
Scribes, Visionaries, and the Politics of Second Temple Judea
1080:"From Prophecy to Apocalypticism: The Expectation of the End"
328:
among the Jewish community in Babylon and Mesopotamia in the
2187:
A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Daniel
552:
550:
1882:. In Hass, Andrew; Jasper, David; Jay, Elisabeth (eds.).
1043:
Son of Man: The interpretation and influence of Daniel 7.
1481:
The Seventy Weeks, Leviticus, and the Nature of Prophecy
597:
595:
384:
The Prayer of Nabonidus is a fragmentary story from the
150:(Summary of Daniel 4 partly based on the translation of
1817:. In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.).
582:
580:
567:
565:
1901:
Ryken, Leland; Wilhoit, Jim; Longman, Tremper (1998).
1884:
The Oxford Handbook of English Literature and Theology
1639:
Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible
998:
Daniel: With an Introduction to Apocalyptic Literature
2355:
Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children
2584:
2558:
2522:
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2445:
2394:
2373:
2345:
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2169:( ed.). Grand Rapids: Zondervan. p. 115.
2036:. In Coogan, Michael D.; Metzger, Bruce M. (eds.).
1460:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
1117:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
952:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
95:
85:
75:
65:
21:
2216:(Moody Paperback ed.). Chicago: Moody Press.
2190:(BiblioBazaar, 2010 Reprint ed.). Edinburgh:
2013:. In Mills, Watson E.; Wilson, Richard F. (eds.).
1565:"Stages in the Canonization of the Book of daniel"
1137:
1020:
355:The chapter opens with an introduction typical of
1433:. In Longman, Tremper; Garland, David E. (eds.).
116:, is presented in the form of a letter from king
1946:Studies in the Jewish Background of Christianity
1771:Pasachoff, Naomi E.; Littman, Robert J. (2005).
125:'s role is to interpret the dream for the king.
1108:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 400.
510:
487:
460:
449:Daniel 4's tree parallels the similar image in
2247:
2142:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
1678:Matthews, Victor H.; Moyer, James C. (2012).
1592:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
1569:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
1546:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
1370:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
1305:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
1256:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
1252:"The Danilic Son of Man in the New Testament"
1168:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
1058:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
847:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
301:
8:
1741:Nichol, F., ed. (1954). "chronology chart".
1720:Newsom, Carol A.; Breed, Brennan W. (2014).
336:(5th to 3rd centuries BCE), expanded in the
2166:Chronological aspects of the life of Christ
1212:World Religions in America: An Introduction
425:The "holy watcher" and the heavenly council
343:Modern scholarship agrees that Daniel is a
2254:
2240:
2232:
2097:VanderKam, James C.; Flint, Peter (2013).
308:
294:
185:
1275:"Millennialism, Scripture, and Tradition"
1106:A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament
801:
799:
719:
717:
556:
725:Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
445:Symbolic imagery: the tree and the beast
2214:Daniel: the key to prophetic revelation
1925:The History of the Second Temple Period
1188:The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies
1084:The Continuum History of Apocalypticism
1054:"Current Issues in the Study of Daniel"
708:
696:
684:
637:
625:
613:
601:
546:
188:
1774:A Concise History of the Jewish People
1301:"Daniel in the Context of OT Theology"
18:
463:interpretation concern your enemies!"
437:, where it is usually applied to the
254:Chapters 10–12: Daniel's final vision
7:
1279:The Oxford Handbook of Millennialism
748:
736:
727:on Daniel 4, accessed 3 October 2020
672:
649:
586:
571:
526:Enkidu's Wilderness and Eating Grass
380:Daniel 4 and the Prayer of Nabonidus
244:Chapter 8: The Ram, He-Goat and Horn
234:Chapter 6: Daniel in the Lions's Den
16:Fourth chapter of the Book of Daniel
1681:The Old Testament: Text and Context
1542:"The Book of Daniel in its Context"
224:Chapter 4: Nebuchadnezzar's Madness
2121:The Oxford Handbook of Eschatology
1792:Portier-Young, Anathea E. (2013).
320:It is generally accepted that the
14:
2210:Walvoord, A commentary by John F.
2038:The Oxford Companion to the Bible
1277:. In Wessinger, Catherine (ed.).
1140:The Oxford Companion to the Bible
974:From the Maccabees to the Mishnah
214:Chapter 2: Nebuchadnezzar's Dream
209:Chapter 1: Induction into Babylon
1860:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
1819:Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible
1726:. Presbyterian Publishing Corp.
1504:. Presbyterian Publishing Corp.
1462:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
1435:The Expositor's Bible Commentary
1119:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
954:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
870:. Wadsworth Publishing Company.
197:
43:
2437:Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego
2061:. Westminster John Knox Press.
2015:The Deuterocanonicals/Apocrypha
1988:Schiffman, Lawrence H. (1991).
1973:. Westminster John Knox Press.
1235:. Review and Herald Pub Assoc.
1214:. Westminster John Knox Press.
1113:Crawford, Sidnie White (2000).
977:. Westminster John Knox Press.
662:Daniel 3:31-32: JPS Tanach 1917
268:Song of the Three Holy Children
2658:Seventh-day Adventist theology
1904:Dictionary of Biblical Imagery
1408:Harrington, Daniel J. (1999).
1393:. Cambridge University Press.
1164:"The Scribal School of Daniel"
933:. Jewish Publication Society.
778:: Evangelical Heritage Version
324:originated as a collection of
1:
1878:Rowland, Christopher (2007).
1273:Gallagher, Eugene V. (2011).
229:Chapter 5: Belshazzar's Feast
154:in his commentary on Daniel.)
2184:Montgomery, James A (1927).
2076:VanderKam, James C. (2010).
2009:Spencer, Richard A. (2002).
1943:Schwartz, Daniel R. (1992).
1839:Introduction to the Prophets
1777:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1498:Horsley, Richard A. (2007).
1366:"A Dan(iel) For All Seasons"
912:. Harvard University Press.
792:New Revised Standard Version
478:Evangelical Heritage Version
249:Chapter 9: The Seventy Weeks
219:Chapter 3: The Fiery Furnace
108:, the fourth chapter of the
2648:Biblical dreams and visions
2540:Historicist interpretations
2124:. Oxford University Press.
2040:. Oxford University Press.
2017:. Mercer University Press.
1886:. Oxford University Press.
1479:Holbrook, Frank B. (1986).
1411:Invitation to the Apocrypha
1281:. Oxford University Press.
1210:. In Neusner, Jacob (ed.).
1191:. Oxford Handbooks Online.
1144:. Oxford University Press.
927:Brettler, Mark Zvi (2005).
864:Bandstra, Barry L. (2008).
531:Jewish dream interpretation
96:Order in the Christian part
2674:
2079:The Dead Sea Scrolls Today
2055:Towner, W. Sibley (1984).
2032:Towner, W. Sibley (1993).
1364:Grabbe, Lester L. (2002).
1343:Grabbe, Lester L. (2002).
1322:Grabbe, Lester L. (2010).
1162:Davies, Philip R. (2001).
885:Beckwith, Carl L. (2012).
843:"Social Setting of Daniel"
471:, but English commentator
239:Chapter 7: The Four Beasts
2617:American Standard Version
2523:Christian interpretations
2499:Prophecy of Seventy Weeks
2474:Abomination of desolation
1994:. KTAV Publishing House.
1836:Redditt, Paul L. (2009).
1609:Levine, Amy-Jill (2010).
1456:Hill, Charles E. (2000).
1250:Dunn, James D.G. (2002).
1229:Doukhan, Jacques (2000).
1208:"Apocalyptic Communities"
971:Cohn, Shaye J.D. (2006).
948:Carroll, John T. (2000).
182:Composition and structure
42:
26:
1880:"Apocalyptic Literature"
1699:Nelson, William (2013).
1586:Kratz, Reinhard (2002).
1429:Hill, Andrew E. (2009).
1387:Hammer, Raymond (1976).
640:, pp. 176–177, 180.
2643:Book of Daniel chapters
1750:Niskanen, Paul (2004).
1619:Oxford University Press
1588:"The Visions of Daniel"
1540:Knibb, Michael (2002).
1519:Knibb, Michael (2009).
1307:. Vol. II. BRILL.
906:Boyer, Paul S. (1992).
2360:Susanna and the Elders
1922:Sacchi, Paolo (2004).
1907:. InterVarsity Press.
1657:Mangano, Mark (2001).
1206:DeChant, Dell (2009).
1170:. Vol. I. BRILL.
1060:. Vol. I. BRILL.
849:. Vol. I. Brill.
823:New King James Version
765:New King James Version
723:Driver, S. R. (1900),
514:
492:
465:
274:Susanna and the Elders
2622:World English Version
2011:"Additions to Daniel"
1813:Provan, Iain (2003).
930:How To Read the Bible
616:, pp. 29, 34–35.
2194:. pp. 372–404.
1743:SDA Bible Commentary
1723:Daniel: A Commentary
1563:Koch, Klaus (2002).
1027:. Eerdmans. p.
86:Christian Bible part
1745:. pp. 326–327.
1660:Esther & Daniel
334:Hellenistic periods
260:Additions to Daniel
2612:King James Version
2576:Codex Chisianus 45
2509:Territorial spirit
2484:Belshazzar's feast
2365:Bel and the Dragon
2161:Hoehner, Harold W.
1642:. Baker Academic.
1390:The Book of Daniel
1297:Goldingay, John J.
1156:Jeremiah Book Of .
469:King James Version
361:post-exilic period
281:Bel and the Dragon
2653:Nebuchadnezzar II
2630:
2629:
2427:Nebuchadnezzar II
2103:. HarperCollins.
1663:. College Press.
751:, pp. 70–72.
739:, pp. 67–68.
699:, pp. 62–63.
687:, pp. 59–60.
675:, pp. 63–64.
589:, pp. 64–65.
574:, pp. 61–63.
494:Biblical scholar
373:chapter divisions
318:
317:
160:Nebuchadnezzar II
118:Nebuchadnezzar II
103:
102:
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2607:Wycliffe Version
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2005:
1984:
1960:
1949:. Mohr Siebeck.
1939:
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1605:
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1515:
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1431:"Daniel-Malachi"
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1076:Collins, John J.
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1050:Collins, John J.
1045:
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1017:Collins, John J.
1012:
993:Collins, John J.
988:
967:
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902:
891:. IVP Academic.
881:
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758:
752:
746:
740:
734:
728:
721:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
682:
676:
670:
664:
659:
653:
647:
641:
635:
629:
623:
617:
611:
605:
599:
590:
584:
575:
569:
560:
554:
496:Philip R. Davies
400:Genre and themes
386:Dead Sea Scrolls
310:
303:
296:
201:
189:Chapters of the
186:
47:
19:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2580:
2554:
2518:
2514:Watcher (angel)
2479:Ancient of Days
2462:
2441:
2417:Darius the Mede
2407:Cyrus the Great
2390:
2369:
2341:
2265:
2260:
2230:
2224:
2208:
2202:
2192:T & T Clark
2183:
2177:
2159:
2153:
2138:
2132:
2117:
2111:
2096:
2090:
2075:
2069:
2054:
2048:
2031:
2025:
2008:
2002:
1987:
1981:
1963:
1957:
1942:
1936:
1921:
1915:
1900:
1894:
1877:
1871:
1856:
1850:
1835:
1829:
1812:
1806:
1791:
1785:
1770:
1764:
1749:
1740:
1734:
1719:
1713:
1705:. Baker Books.
1698:
1692:
1684:. Baker Books.
1677:
1671:
1656:
1650:
1635:
1629:
1608:
1602:
1585:
1579:
1562:
1556:
1539:
1533:
1518:
1512:
1497:
1491:
1478:
1472:
1455:
1449:
1437:. Vol. 8.
1428:
1422:
1407:
1401:
1386:
1380:
1363:
1357:
1342:
1336:
1321:
1315:
1295:
1289:
1272:
1266:
1249:
1243:
1228:
1222:
1205:
1199:
1184:
1178:
1161:
1152:
1135:
1129:
1112:
1102:Coogan, Michael
1100:
1094:
1074:
1068:
1048:
1039:
1015:
1009:
991:
985:
970:
964:
947:
941:
926:
920:
905:
899:
888:Ezekiel, Daniel
884:
878:
863:
857:
839:Albertz, Rainer
837:
833:
828:
817:
813:
805:Davies, P. R.,
804:
797:
786:
782:
774:
770:
759:
755:
747:
743:
735:
731:
722:
715:
707:
703:
695:
691:
683:
679:
671:
667:
660:
656:
648:
644:
636:
632:
624:
620:
612:
608:
600:
593:
585:
578:
570:
563:
555:
548:
544:
539:
522:
509:
486:
459:
447:
427:
422:
402:
382:
376:praise of God.
359:letters of the
353:
314:
184:
146:
61:
60:
38:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2671:
2669:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2635:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2586:
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2581:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2267:
2266:
2263:Book of Daniel
2261:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2236:
2229:
2228:
2222:
2206:
2200:
2181:
2175:
2157:
2151:
2136:
2130:
2115:
2109:
2094:
2088:
2073:
2067:
2052:
2046:
2029:
2023:
2006:
2000:
1985:
1979:
1961:
1955:
1940:
1934:
1919:
1913:
1898:
1892:
1875:
1869:
1854:
1848:
1833:
1827:
1810:
1804:
1789:
1783:
1768:
1762:
1747:
1738:
1732:
1717:
1711:
1696:
1690:
1675:
1669:
1654:
1648:
1633:
1627:
1606:
1600:
1583:
1577:
1560:
1554:
1537:
1532:978-9004167254
1531:
1516:
1510:
1495:
1489:
1476:
1470:
1453:
1447:
1426:
1420:
1405:
1399:
1384:
1378:
1361:
1355:
1340:
1334:
1319:
1313:
1293:
1287:
1270:
1264:
1247:
1241:
1226:
1220:
1203:
1197:
1182:
1176:
1159:
1150:
1133:
1127:
1110:
1098:
1092:
1072:
1066:
1046:
1037:
1013:
1007:
989:
983:
968:
962:
945:
939:
924:
918:
903:
897:
882:
877:978-0495391050
876:
861:
856:978-9004116757
855:
834:
832:
829:
827:
826:
811:
795:
780:
768:
753:
741:
729:
713:
701:
689:
677:
665:
654:
642:
630:
618:
606:
604:, p. 178.
591:
576:
561:
559:, p. 295.
557:Wesselius 2002
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
533:
528:
521:
518:
508:
505:
501:predestination
485:
482:
458:
455:
446:
443:
426:
423:
421:
420:Interpretation
418:
404:Daniel 4 is a
401:
398:
381:
378:
352:
349:
322:Book of Daniel
316:
315:
313:
312:
305:
298:
290:
287:
286:
285:
284:
277:
270:
257:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
203:
202:
194:
193:
191:Book of Daniel
183:
180:
157:
156:
145:
142:
140:and Persians.
114:Book of Daniel
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
70:Book of Daniel
67:
63:
62:
52:Nebuchadnezzar
49:
48:
40:
39:
33:
27:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2670:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2602:Latin Vulgate
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2489:Four kingdoms
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2225:
2223:9780802417534
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2201:9781176278707
2197:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2178:
2176:9780310262114
2172:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2133:
2131:9780199742486
2127:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2112:
2110:9780062243300
2106:
2102:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2089:9780802864352
2085:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2070:
2068:9780664237561
2064:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2049:
2047:9780199743919
2043:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2024:9780865545106
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2003:
2001:9780881253726
1997:
1993:
1992:
1986:
1982:
1980:9780664256753
1976:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1956:9783161457982
1952:
1948:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1935:9780567044501
1931:
1928:. Continuum.
1927:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1914:9780830867332
1910:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1895:
1893:9780199271979
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1870:9789053565032
1866:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1851:
1849:9780802828965
1845:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1828:9780802837110
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1805:9780802837110
1801:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1786:
1784:9780742543669
1780:
1776:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1763:9780567082138
1759:
1756:. Continuum.
1755:
1754:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1733:9780664220808
1729:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1712:9781441240064
1708:
1704:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1691:9780801048357
1687:
1683:
1682:
1676:
1672:
1670:9780899008851
1666:
1662:
1661:
1655:
1651:
1649:9780801026942
1645:
1641:
1640:
1634:
1630:
1628:9780199370504
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1513:
1511:9780664229917
1507:
1503:
1502:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1471:9789053565032
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1448:9780310590545
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1421:9780802846334
1417:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1402:
1400:9780521097659
1396:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1356:9780203461013
1352:
1349:. Routledge.
1348:
1347:
1341:
1337:
1335:9780567552488
1331:
1328:. Continuum.
1327:
1326:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1288:9780195301052
1284:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1242:9780828014243
1238:
1234:
1233:
1227:
1223:
1221:9781611640472
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1198:9780199254255
1194:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1151:9780199743919
1147:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1130:
1128:9789053565032
1124:
1120:
1116:
1115:"Apocalyptic"
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1093:9780826415202
1089:
1086:. Continuum.
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1038:9780802843715
1034:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1008:9780802800206
1004:
1000:
999:
994:
990:
986:
984:9780664227432
980:
976:
975:
969:
965:
963:9789053565032
959:
955:
951:
950:"Eschatology"
946:
942:
940:9780827610019
936:
932:
931:
925:
921:
919:0-674-95129-8
915:
911:
910:
904:
900:
898:9780830829620
894:
890:
889:
883:
879:
873:
869:
868:
862:
858:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
835:
830:
824:
820:
815:
812:
808:
802:
800:
796:
793:
789:
784:
781:
777:
772:
769:
766:
762:
757:
754:
750:
745:
742:
738:
733:
730:
726:
720:
718:
714:
711:, p. 62.
710:
705:
702:
698:
693:
690:
686:
681:
678:
674:
669:
666:
663:
658:
655:
652:, p. 65.
651:
646:
643:
639:
634:
631:
628:, p. 28.
627:
622:
619:
615:
610:
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
541:
536:
532:
529:
527:
524:
523:
519:
517:
513:
506:
504:
502:
497:
491:
483:
481:
479:
474:
473:Samuel Driver
470:
464:
456:
454:
452:
444:
442:
440:
439:fallen angels
436:
435:Book of Enoch
432:
424:
419:
417:
415:
411:
407:
399:
397:
395:
391:
387:
379:
377:
374:
370:
369:Fiery Furnace
366:
362:
358:
350:
348:
346:
341:
339:
338:Maccabean era
335:
331:
327:
323:
311:
306:
304:
299:
297:
292:
291:
289:
288:
282:
278:
275:
271:
269:
265:
264:
263:
261:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
206:
205:
204:
200:
196:
195:
192:
187:
181:
179:
175:
173:
167:
165:
161:
155:
153:
148:
147:
143:
141:
139:
135:
131:
126:
124:
119:
115:
111:
107:
98:
94:
91:
90:Old Testament
88:
84:
81:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
58:
57:William Blake
54:
53:
46:
41:
36:
31:
25:
20:
2592:Hebrew Bible
2296:
2213:
2186:
2165:
2141:
2120:
2099:
2082:. Eerdmans.
2078:
2057:
2037:
2014:
1990:
1969:
1945:
1924:
1903:
1883:
1863:. Eerdmans.
1859:
1842:. Eerdmans.
1838:
1821:. Eerdmans.
1818:
1798:. Eerdmans.
1794:
1773:
1752:
1742:
1722:
1701:
1680:
1659:
1638:
1614:
1591:
1568:
1545:
1521:
1500:
1480:
1464:. Eerdmans.
1461:
1458:"Antichrist"
1434:
1414:. Eerdmans.
1410:
1389:
1369:
1345:
1324:
1304:
1278:
1255:
1231:
1211:
1187:
1167:
1155:
1139:
1121:. Eerdmans.
1118:
1105:
1083:
1057:
1042:
1022:
1001:. Eerdmans.
997:
973:
956:. Eerdmans.
953:
929:
908:
887:
866:
846:
831:Bibliography
814:
806:
783:
771:
756:
744:
732:
709:Collins 1984
704:
697:Collins 1984
692:
685:Collins 1984
680:
668:
657:
645:
638:Redditt 2009
633:
626:Collins 1984
621:
614:Collins 1984
609:
602:Albertz 2001
515:
511:
493:
488:
466:
461:
448:
431:Hebrew Bible
428:
403:
383:
354:
342:
319:
258:
223:
176:
172:holy watcher
168:
158:
149:
127:
105:
104:
50:
2566:Papyrus 967
2559:Manuscripts
2535:Historicism
819:Daniel 4:37
788:Daniel 4:34
776:Daniel 4:19
761:Daniel 4:19
490:generation.
410:royal court
408:set in the
283:(Daniel 14)
276:(Daniel 13)
2637:Categories
2597:Septuagint
2571:Papyrus 62
2504:Son of man
2494:Lion's den
2402:Belshazzar
2152:0391041282
1965:Seow, C.L.
1601:9004116753
1578:0391041282
1555:9004116753
1490:0925675024
1379:9004116753
1314:0391041282
1265:0391041282
1177:9004116753
1067:9004116753
537:References
451:Ezekiel 31
414:Belshazzar
332:and early
162:, King of
152:C. L. Seow
134:Belshazzar
2550:Preterism
2422:Jehoiakim
2347:Additions
2145:. BRILL.
1594:. BRILL.
1571:. BRILL.
1548:. BRILL.
1525:. BRILL.
1439:Zondervan
1372:. BRILL.
1258:. BRILL.
749:Seow 2003
737:Seow 2003
673:Seow 2003
650:Seow 2003
587:Seow 2003
572:Seow 2003
542:Citations
390:Nabonidus
365:chapter 3
351:Structure
345:legendary
326:folktales
130:chapter 5
35:chapter 5
30:chapter 3
2545:Idealism
2530:Futurism
2282:Daniel 1
2274:chapters
2212:(1989).
2163:(1978).
2034:"Daniel"
1967:(2003).
1815:"Daniel"
1611:"Daniel"
1299:(2002).
1104:(2009).
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106:Daniel 4
76:Category
22:Daniel 4
2585:Sources
2458:Michael
2453:Gabriel
2432:Palmoni
2381:Babylon
357:Aramaic
330:Persian
164:Babylon
144:Summary
80:Ketuvim
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