493:, in the sense that no quarter had been offered. It is possible that the leaders of the Parliamentarian forces in Ireland (if not the Parliamentarian leadership in Britain) felt that the 'shock' tactics initially adopted in Ireland were counter-productive. For example, Ireton's request for lenient surrender terms to be made known by Parliament were refused. Axtell's actions may have run counter to a less ruthless strategy putatively adopted by Ireton in the field.
529:
at or shout down the King when he tried to speak in his own defence. The court held: " justified all that he did was as a soldier, by the command of his superior officer, whom he must obey or die. It was... no excuse, for his superior was a traitor..., and where the command is traitorous, there the obedience to that command is also traitorous."
456:
is an imposing ruin. "In the civil wars" writes Grosse "it was strongly garrisoned for the King and commanded by
Captain Butler, Colonel Axtell, the famous regicide who was governor of Kilkenny, dispatched a party to reduce it, but they returned without accomplishing their orders; upon which Axtell
528:
He was arraigned for treason for his actions during the King's trial. His defence at his trial as a regicide, that he was only obeying orders at the trial of the King, was refuted by several witnesses who testified that Axtell had behaved discourteously towards the King, encouraging his men to jeer
430:
Colonel Axtell, with some twelve of his men, went up to the top of the mount, and demanded of the governor the surrender of it, who was very stubborn, speaking very big words, but at length was persuaded to go into the windmill at the top of the mount, and as many more of the chiefest of them as it
693:
When asked what he meant by the Cause, Axtell replied "I mean that Cause which we were encouraged to, and engaged in under the parliament, which was for common right and freedom, and against the
Surplice and Common-Prayer Book: and I tell you, that Surplice and Common-Prayer Book shall not stand
476:
Irish army was camped) after launching a sudden attack on the Irish army under cover of darkness. After fierce hand-to-hand fighting the
Parliamentarians were victorious, killing several hundred of the Irish soldiers and capturing their weapons and equipment. After the conflict, however, it was
552:' after his execution, the surveyor of Hertfordshire recommended that a new tenant and army officers were needed at Berkhamsted Place "to govern the people much seduced of late by new doctrine preacht unto them by Axtell and his colleagues."
955:
970:
445:
It was on direct orders from Oliver
Cromwell that the quarter that had been given to the defenders on Mill Mount by Axtell was overturned, and the unarmed prisoners were killed.
544:
had also been condemned as a
Regicide and had been executed. Axtell went to his execution unrepentant, declaring "If I had a thousand lives, I could lay them all down for the
457:
himself marched out with two cannon and summoned the castle to surrender on pain of military execution. Without any hope of relief it is no wonder the garrison submitted".
374:, many of whose members were other apprentices. This puts him at the centre of the religious and political conflict that dominated London before the outbreak of the
965:
960:
950:
807:
A Complete
Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors from the earliest period to the year 1783
840:
336:
893:
33:
935:
901:
852:
710:
411:
175:
770:
Baggs, A P; Bolton, Diane K; Croot, Patricia E C (1985). "Stoke
Newington: Growth". In Baker, T F T; Elrington, C R (eds.).
670:
359:
308:
595:
461:
419:
501:
After the fall of the
Protectorate in May 1659, Axtell returned briefly to Ireland as a colonel under the command of
477:
alleged that many of the Irish had been killed after the promise of quarter. Axtell was court-martialled for this by
300:
234:
208:
940:
418:
and the massacre that ensued. After the town's walls and the internal earthworks had been successfully stormed,
270:
218:
375:
239:
888:
820:
The history of
England, from the first invasion by the Romans to the accession of William and Mary in 1688
506:
213:
244:
634:
930:
925:
797:
556:
449:
395:
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Sometime before 1640, he married
Elizabeth and they had two sons; William and Daniel (1640–1683).
312:
304:
224:
836:
823:
811:
671:
GARY D. SOLIS. OBEDIENCE OF ORDERS AND THE LAW OF WAR: JUDICIAL APPLICATION IN AMERICAN FORUMS
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522:
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857:
775:
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343:, probably the son of William Axtell (1587–1638), and his first wife Dorothy (1591–1628).
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883:
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387:
58:
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756:, pp. 143–151) footnote 79: Cal. S.P. Dom. 1680-1, 307; 1682, 237; 1685, 5; D.N.B.
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772:
A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 8: Islington and Stoke Newington parishes
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who attempted to oppose the Restoration in April 1660. He escaped from the fight at
478:
62:
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727:
532:
On 19 October 1660 Axtell was executed by being hanged, drawn and quartered at
394:
in English history, and commanded the Parliamentary Guard at the trial of King
291:, baptised 26 May 1622, executed 19 October 1660, was a religious radical from
453:
861:
719:
296:
179:
32:
422:, the Royalist governor of Drogheda, and others retreated to a citadel on
518:
473:
460:
On 25 October 1650 Axtell led the Parliamentarian army to victory at the
367:
332:
316:
84:
80:
426:, which was heavily fortified and could not easily be taken by assault.
465:
320:
195:
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and sent back to England. It is possible that Axtell was a scapegoat;
850:
Thomson, Alan (January 2008). "Axtell, Daniel (bap. 1622, d. 1660)".
533:
363:
250:
140:
136:
956:
People executed by Stuart England by hanging, drawing and quartering
431:
could contain, where they were disarmed, and afterwards all slain.
708:
Thomson, Alan (2004). "Axtell, Daniel (bap. 1622, d. 1660)".
899:
British Civil Wars: Daniel Axtell, Soldier, Regicide, d.1660
971:
Parliamentarian military personnel of the English Civil War
617:
615:
613:
555:
In 1678 Axtell's son, also named Daniel Axtell, fled to
16:
Parliamentarian soldier, religious radical, and regicide
792:
Grose, Francis; Ledwich, Edward (continuator) (1797) .
307:
in January 1649, and as a result was excluded from the
809:. Vol. 5. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green.
578:
576:
513:
in August 1659. Axtell was among the veterans of the
785:
Colonel John Pickering's Regiment of Foot: 1644-1645
563:
was searched for seditious libels. He died in 1687.
354:
When his father died in May 1638, Daniel Axtell was
548:". During Cromwell's Protectorate, he appropriated
485:had committed similar atrocities a year earlier at
201:
191:
186:
170:
162:
154:
146:
126:
110:
105:
79:
46:
23:
822:. Vol. 7–8 (6 ed.). C. Dolman. pp.
911:The Diary of Samuel Pepys Friday 19 October 1660
833:The Army in Cromwellian England 1649 – 1660
753:
805:Howell, Thomas Jones; Cobbett, William (1816).
525:, but was himself arrested shortly afterwards.
521:, during which Lambert was captured by Colonel
428:
410:Axtell was a figure of some prominence in the
695:
8:
856:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
714:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
658:
390:(December 1648), arguably the only military
684:, Axtell, Daniel cites State trials, 5.1289
382:He participated as a lieutenant colonel in
796:. Vol. 2. London: S. Hooper. p.
694:long in England, for it is - not of God" (
303:. He was in charge of security during the
31:
20:
366:, where he became part of a community of
505:but was sent back to England to support
853:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
711:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
681:
621:
582:
572:
75:September 1654 – January 1655
740:
337:Church of St Peter, Great Berkhamsted
7:
966:People of the Irish Confederate Wars
598:. Watford Observer. 12 February 2017
97:March 1650 – November 1656
961:Executed people from Hertfordshire
14:
540:. His commanding officer Colonel
951:Executed regicides of Charles I
414:. He played a role part in the
412:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
787:. Walsall: Pryor Publications.
754:Baggs, Bolton & Croot 1985
1:
596:"How Axtell met a sticky end"
497:The Restoration and Execution
360:Worshipful Company of Grocers
309:Act of Indemnity and Oblivion
884:Col. Daniel Axtell, Regicide
870:UK public library membership
728:UK public library membership
835:. Oxford University Press.
635:"Grannagh Castle, Kilkenny"
166:William; Daniel (1640–1683)
987:
894:The History of Berkhamsted
794:The antiquities of Ireland
301:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
209:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
904:30 September 2007 at the
696:Howell & Cobbett 1816
281:
101:
90:
68:
42:
30:
659:Grose & Ledwich 1797
462:battle of Meelick Island
271:Battle of Meelick Island
936:People from Berkhamsted
889:Excerpts from his trial
536:and his head set up on
376:First English Civil War
818:Lingard, John (1854).
443:
335:on 26 May 1622 in the
319:, he was executed for
295:, who served with the
114:26 May 1622 (baptised)
831:Reece, Henry (2013).
378:in August 1642.
37:Colonel Daniel Axtell
862:10.1093/ref:odnb/928
720:10.1093/ref:odnb/928
440:, 1–8 October 1649.
416:storming of Drogheda
323:on 19 October 1660.
47:Member of Parliament
559:after his house in
256:Battle of Maidstone
174:Religious radical,
783:Foard, G. (1994).
639:Megalithic Ireland
331:Daniel Axtell was
313:Stuart Restoration
305:trial of Charles I
868:(Subscription or
842:978-0-19-820063-5
726:(Subscription or
550:Berkhamsted Place
523:Richard Ingoldsby
406:Axtell in Ireland
285:
284:
266:Siege of Kilkenny
261:Siege of Drogheda
117:Great Berkhamsted
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941:English Baptists
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511:Booth's Uprising
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400:Westminster Hall
327:Personal details
299:army during the
230:Battle of Naseby
187:Military service
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106:Personal details
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49:for Counties of
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450:Grannagh castle
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438:Perfect Diurnal
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388:Long Parliament
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311:after the 1660
297:Parliamentarian
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130:19 October 1660
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542:Francis Hacker
515:Good Old Cause
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384:Pride's Purge
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341:Hertfordshire
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689:
682:Thomson 2008
677:
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642:. Retrieved
638:
629:
622:Lingard 1854
600:. Retrieved
590:
583:Thomson 2004
554:
531:
527:
507:John Lambert
500:
479:Henry Ireton
459:
447:
444:
437:
429:
420:Arthur Aston
409:
391:
380:
353:
345:
330:
288:
286:
245:Basing House
240:Bristol 1645
214:Marston Moor
202:Battles/wars
132:(1660-10-19)
92:
70:
18:
931:1660 deaths
926:1622 births
774:. pp.
602:19 February
452:beside the
392:coup d'état
356:apprenticed
223:Defence of
147:Nationality
946:Roundheads
920:Categories
872:required.)
764:References
741:Reece 2013
730:required.)
454:River Nore
436:Letter in
235:Bridgwater
171:Occupation
474:Connaught
402:in 1649.
396:Charles I
370:, led by
249:Siege of
158:Elizabeth
93:In office
71:In office
902:Archived
644:15 April
557:Carolina
519:Daventry
509:against
487:Drogheda
483:Cromwell
434:—
368:Baptists
333:baptized
317:regicide
287:Colonel
225:Abingdon
176:regicide
163:Children
85:Kilkenny
81:Governor
59:Kilkenny
491:Wexford
489:and at
470:Shannon
468:on the
466:Crannog
448:Granny
386:of the
358:to the
321:treason
315:. As a
196:Colonel
182:soldier
150:English
63:Queen's
55:Wexford
866:
839:
812:p.1259
724:
534:Tyburn
364:London
350:Career
251:Exeter
178:, and
155:Spouse
141:London
137:Tyburn
61:, and
51:Carlow
778:-151.
567:Notes
546:Cause
837:ISBN
646:2018
604:2017
192:Rank
127:Died
111:Born
858:doi
824:316
776:143
716:doi
464:(a
398:at
362:in
83:of
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637:.
612:^
575:^
339:,
139:,
119:,
57:,
53:,
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752:(
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606:.
585:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
