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20:
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lawyers, Bell petitioned for his freedom on
September 24, 1835. Bell's lawyer withdrew the petition after a colonel agreed to buy Bell, and receive payments in return for his freedom. The arrangements were made through abolitionists to buy Bell, and have him reimburse the purchase price in payments over time. Bell had paid off nearly all of the $ 1,000 (equivalent to $ 29,535 in 2023) loan when the colonel died. Unknown to Bell, the colonel had financed a loan for $ 1,000 from his sister-in-law. The colonel's heirs wanted the full $ 1,000, but the amount was negotiated down to about $ 600 by Thomas Blagden. Between the colonel and the colonel's beneficiary(ies), Bell made a total of $ 1,630 (equivalent to $ 48,143 in 2023) in payments and received his freedom papers in 1847.
1904:
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108:
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children were George, Daniel, and
Harriet. Of the children, Caroline, George and Harriet were said to have lived with Susan. Eight years after Mary obtained her freedom and bore two more children, Susan continued to try to obtain clear ownership of all of the Bell children. She accepted the money that they earned, and neglected their care, leaving them without proper clothes. Susan took baby Eleanor, who was born free, and kept her in an unknown location.
1821:, Daniel Bell, the son of Lucy Bell (born ca. 1763 in Maryland), was born into slavery. He and his sisters were initially owned by Ann Greenfield, the widow of Gerrard Truman Greenfield. After Ann's death in 1810, Daniel and his sister Harriet went to Ann's son Gabriel Greenfield, who died in 1815. He may have lived with his mother and two sisters in the District of Columbia near the Navy Yard by 1820.
2933:
34:(ca. 1802 – March 1877) was a formerly enslaved man who gained his freedom and then sought the freedom of his wife, Mary, and their children. Due to a series of unfortunate events, it took decades for the Bell family to obtain their freedom. Daniel and his wife had both been enslaved again after they had obtained their freedom. Two of their children who were born free were enslaved.
1974:
1958:
2349:, The National Archives in Washington, DC; Washington, DC; Registers of Signatures of Depositors in Branches of the Freedman's Savings and Trust Company, 1865-1874; Record Group: Records of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency; Record Group Number: 101; Series Number: M816; NARA Roll: 4, July 9, 1870
2108:
Upon his death in March 1877, Bell left his estate to his wife, who he said was his "well beloved and devoted wife, Mary". She lived in their house in
Washington, D.C., with her daughter Caroline and her son-in-law. Daniel Bell stipulated in his will of 1875 that after Mary died the estate should be
1914:
When Bell's slaveholder heard that Mary was freed and her children were to be freed by term slavery, he or she made arrangements with a slave trader who seized Bell, took him to
Seventh Avenue, and placed in a slave pen to wait to be sold. His wife, children, and friends were distressed. Through his
1889:
On
September 14, 1835, Robert Armistead signed a deed of manumission to free Mary upon his death, but stipulated that her children should not be freed until they were 30 to 40 years of age. Armistead died around two days later, and the document was filed at the court, but his widow did not honor the
2027:
Mary was among the group of 50 adults and children that were transported via railroad train from
Washington, D.C., to Baltimore to be sold on April 21, 1848. Daniel had tried to stop the train, telling the slave dealer that Mary was a free woman and that he had her freedom papers. Daniel was unable
1932:
Even though Mary and Daniel had their freedom papers, Bell had twelve family members who were enslaved by the time that he determined that the family could not ensure their freedom. It was likely that they could be taken captive again and returned to slavery, or face defeat in the court system. He
1923:
Armistead's estate was valued at $ 1,299.25, of which $ 1,225 was the total value for the Bell children. Based on Susan
Armistead's account of Bell's family in 1839—Andrew, Mary Ellen, and Caroline—the oldest children, were hired out. Their wages were used to support the Armisteads. The other Bell
1894:
and Mary Bell was given her freedom papers on
September 21, 1835. Susan, however, contested her husband's manumission deed, stating that he was of unsound mind and coerced into signing. Mary had to obtain her freedom again. Thomas Blagden purchased her freedom, and that of one child, for $ 400 in
1863:
He married Mary, who was enslaved by Robert and
Susannah (Susan) Armstead or Armistead. By 1835, Bell and Mary had six children who were between the ages of eleven years old to the youngest who was three months old, in descending order by age: Andrew, Mary Ellen, Caroline, George W., Daniel, and
2174:
The Green-Mountain
Freeman states that the Bells had eight children in 1848. Pacheco stated that they had twelve family members in 1848, which included eight children and two grandchildren. The other two family members could have been Mary and Daniel, or two spouses of their
47:, to transport his family north from Washington, D.C., in 1848. The plan expanded to carry a total of 77 fugitive slaves on the schooner. Two days after their flight, the schooner was overtaken and Bell family members were taken back to the District of Columbia and held in a
2015:. The vessel was docked in a secluded area by Seventh Avenue. The plan became more harrowing when the decision was made to transport more individuals and families, resulting in a total of 77 fugitive slaves. They began their journey on April 15, 1848, but had to anchor near
2351:
He was born about 1802 in Prince George's County, Maryland. He was married to Mary Bell and had four children still alive were: Daniel, Caroline, Harriet, and Mary Ellen. His sisters were also identified: Anna Bell, Harriet Ashe, Caroline Butler, Kitty Carroll, and Ellen
2063:
of the Union Army. He died of pneumonia on January 20, 1864. Mary Ellen was then a widow with four children. After the war, Mary Ellen let her parents know of her circumstances. She remarried and lived in western Mississippi with her husband, Alex Robinson or
1851:
Loaned out to work for the government by his slaveholder, Bell worked in the Navy Yard's blacksmith shop casting and moulding heavy ironworks. He worked there beginning about 1828 and through at least until 1848. He was described as "robust, worthy,
1606:
1993:
This 1848 poster was made by the District of Columbia government to warn alarmed white citizens fearing a slave revolt, not to riot or commit acts of violence. The poster was in response to public concern and rumors of a slave uprising, following
2028:
to get her from the train. He was only able to get enough money to buy the freedom of Mary, their son Thomas, and another child. Most of his children were sold and transported south, such as to Mississippi and Louisiana.
2087:
Eleanor (Nora) was born free, but in 1849 she lost her petition against Susan Armistead. She was gifted in February 1862 to Sarah Jane (Armistead) O'Brien. She and her 6-month-old daughter Caroline were freed by the
1855:
2099:
Daniel, Mary and Thomas Bell shared a house with his sister Ann Bell, his mother Lucy Bell, John Ash, Anthony Ash, and Phebe Dorsey in Washington, D.C., in 1850. He was still in the District of Columbia in 1870.
2019:
due to headwinds. They were apprehended after slaveholders learned of the plan and caught up with them in a steamer. The fugitives were taken back to D.C. where they were met by an angry crowd, that led to the
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40-year-old Mary was listed as "not produced," on Susan's inventory and with the comment that furniture had been loaned to her. Bell was not listed, because he was not owned by the Armisteads at that time.
19:
51:
for sale. Bell was able to pay for the freedom of Mary and two of his children, before the remaining children were spread out across the slave-holding states, including Louisiana and Mississippi in the
3195:
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1727:
1876:
1832 appraisal of the estate of Robert Armistead listing the enslaved children of Daniel and Mary Bell and their appraised valuation. Mary Bell is mentioned at the bottom of the document.
2038:, untitled watercolor of a black man reading a newspaper with headline "Presidential Proclamation/Slavery", ca. 1863. Several of Bell's children were not freed until the enactment of the
41:. Having been thwarted many times by the court system and their slaveholder's behavior, the Bells were prevented from attaining their freedom. Bell helped plan the use of a schooner, the
3361:
2092:
of 1862 for the residents of Washington, D.C., She had no more children and was believed to have died by 1870 when Caroline lived with Ann Bell, her great aunt, but definitively by 1875.
1859:
Daniel Bell, blacksmith helper, wage a $ 1.20 per day, Washington Navy Yard, Anchor Shop. Bell is the 7th line down, on this list of all persons employed WNY,1 Jan to 31 Dec 1844, p 7
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37:
Bell was an organizer and fundraiser for what was called "the single largest known escape attempt by enslaved Americans", by Vincent DeFort, a Washington, D.C., resident of the
3341:
2095:
Thomas appears to have been born around 1845 in the District of Columbia. He was five years old and lived with his parents in 1850. His whereabouts are unknown since that time.
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Harriet. Mary and her children were owned by Armistead, and Mary was promised by her slaveholder that her children would achieve freedom when they were 25 years of age.
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went to Philadelphia to try to obtain the money that he needed to buy his family members from servitude, but he was unsuccessful. With Samuel Edmonson, brother of the
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900:
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1446:
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about the spring of 1847, and the amount was reimbursed by abolitionists. However, in December 1847, the court decided against Mary's petition for freedom.
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agreement. Widow Susan Armistead provided a statement that she owned the Bell children for life. The deed of manumission was processed by a clerk of
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2024:. After being held, the fugitives were transported and sold to places in the area—Richmond, Annapolis, and Baltimore—and to southern states.
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escape. It is not known what became of them. Caroline eventually married John Green, and lived with her mother after her father's death.
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The girls were to serve until 30 years of age, the boys 35 years, except Andrew who was not to be freed until he was 40 years of age.
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Daniel Jr. was sold to a slaveholder in Louisiana. He is believed to have reconnected with his parents after the war. He lived in
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was ratified on December 6, 1865 that made any remaining enslaved relatives free. Bell and his wife settled in Washington, D.C.
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left to their children Caroline, Daniel, and Mary Ellen and their grandchildren Harriet and Elenora. Mary died in 1884.
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states that Mary and one child were purchased for $ 400. Nash states that Mary and two children were purchased.
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2714:"How Slavery Affected African American Families, Freedom's Story, TeacherServe®, National Humanities Center"
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2016:
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Mary Ellen was sold to a slaveholder in western Mississippi. She married Jordan Dawley, who served in the
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A Question of Freedom: The Families Who Challenged Slavery from the Nation's Founding to the Civil War
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His mother, Lucy, obtained her freedom by 1850. She died on June 8, 1862, and was buried in the
435:
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Harriet was married to Thomas Snow and had four children before she died between 1870 and 1875.
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1995:
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2257:"Our Documents - 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Abolition of Slavery (1865)"
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2616:"Stanley Harrold – Border War (2010): Slave Stampedes on the Missouri Borderlands"
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1937:, Bell then began planning for a way to get his family out of the D.C. area with
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2640:
A Shadow on the Household: One Enslaved Family's Incredible Struggle for Freedom
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63:, and some died by 1870. A daughter and granddaughter were freed by the
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1044:
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2121:, whose story was sometimes told in combination with the Bell family
2067:
Caroline had a daughter Catherine and son John at the time of the
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1988:
1902:
1871:
1854:
1835:
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Some of his children were never found, some were found after the
2663:
346:
176:
2749:
2011:, to transport the Bell family north from Washington, D.C., to
2664:"O Say Can You See: Early Washington, D.C., Law & Family"
2427:"O Say Can You See: Early Washington, D.C., Law & Family"
2138:
His sister, Ann died in 1873 and is buried with their mother.
3196:
Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Historical Park
2595:""Running from the Temple of Liberty": The Pearl Incident"
2049:
Andrew was not found after his sale in 1848 following the
2456:"African Americans Walking Tour, Congressional Cemetery"
2362:
2360:
2358:
1477:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
25:
Slavery and the slave trade at the nation's capital,
3175:
3082:
2980:
2940:
2783:
2081:
with his wife, Louisa Franklin, and eight children.
1950:
3213:Niagara Falls Underground Railroad Heritage Center
2196:Harriet petitioned for her freedom in 1846 in the
3224:The Railroad to Freedom: A Story of the Civil War
2972:British Methodist Episcopal Church, Salem Chapel
1592:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution
2633:
2631:
2521:The Pearl: A Failed Slave Escape on the Potomac
2074:George W. was not found after his sale in 1848.
3201:Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad State Park
2156:Bell had receipts for $ 1,030 of the payments.
2761:
2045:The outcomes of the eight Bell children are:
1798:
8:
3362:People from Prince George's County, Maryland
3183:National Underground Railroad Freedom Center
2524:. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 48.
1878:National Archives and Records Administration
1845:City of Washington from Beyond the Navy Yard
1597:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
3342:Activists for African-American civil rights
2697:. Yale University Press. pp. 302–321.
2556:"D.C. Slaves' Voyage to Freedom Was Foiled"
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2061:2nd Mississippi Infantry (African Descent)
1805:
1791:
82:
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2479:
3067:Ann Maria Jackson and her seven children
1602:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf
1467:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
1447:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
18:
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2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
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2223:
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2131:
1910:petition of freedom, September 24, 1835
94:
3042:Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp
2404:
2402:
2400:
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2005:They planned on using a schooner, the
1947:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2368:"Bell Family, Early Washington, D.C."
1489:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
1166:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea
7:
2518:Pacheco, Josephine F. (2010-03-15).
2450:
2448:
2446:
1681:Slave marriages in the United States
1285:Human trafficking in the Middle East
2638:Prince, Bryan (2010). "Chapter 3".
2230:Ricks, Mary Kay (August 12, 1998).
1020:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia
3218:Underground Railroad Bicycle Route
3009:The South Bend Fugitive Slave Case
2950:List of Underground Railroad sites
2614:Wingert, Cooper (3 October 2018).
2347:Freedman's Bank Records, 1865-1874
1674:last survivors of American slavery
14:
3256:Freedom: The Underground Railroad
3159:Songs of the Underground Railroad
3090:Abolitionism in the United States
2691:Thomas, William G. (2020-11-24).
635:Field slaves in the United States
502:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate
16:19th-century freed American slave
3165:The Underground Railroad Records
2931:
1972:
1956:
1819:Prince George's County, Maryland
512:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
507:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate
336:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
106:
3347:American civil rights activists
2967:Underground Railroad in Indiana
2554:Mingia, Bernhart (1986-02-27).
2198:Harriet Bell v. Susan Armistead
1462:Committee of Experts on Slavery
1013:East, Southeast, and South Asia
27:1846, William Harned, New York.
3352:African-American abolitionists
2739:Slaves Suing for their Freedom
1161:Slave raiding in Easter Island
1:
2238:. p. Horizon Section H01
1908:Daniel Bell v John Stephenson
3357:People from Washington, D.C.
3337:19th-century American slaves
3303:Slavery in the United States
3139:Reverse Underground Railroad
3003:Kentucky raid in Cass County
2642:. McClelland & Stewart.
2090:Compensated Emancipation Act
1452:Temporary Slavery Commission
1113:Slavery in the Mongol Empire
65:Compensated Emancipation Act
3367:People enslaved in Maryland
1941:, the general agent of the
1892:Washington County, Maryland
1867:
1472:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery
517:Volga Bulgarian slave trade
3383:
3300:
3105:African-American opponents
2988:Emeline and Samuel Hawkins
2718:National Humanities Center
2712:Williams, Heather Andrea.
1657:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
1494:Anti-Slavery International
1259:North Africa and West Asia
3298:
3055:Oberlin–Wellington Rescue
2929:
2040:Emancipation Proclamation
1971:
1955:
1868:Bell family's disposition
1753:Emancipation Proclamation
1425:Opposition and resistance
1183:Sex trafficking in Europe
1171:Blackbirding in Polynesia
734:Trans-Saharan slave trade
73:Emancipation Proclamation
67:of 1862 for residents of
3288:The Underground Railroad
2425:Nash, Kaci (June 2018).
1533:Compensated emancipation
744:Indian Ocean slave trade
23:Image from the cover of
3189:Harriet Tubman Memorial
2324:. 1848-09-28. p. 1
2079:Natchitoches, Louisiana
2022:Washington riot of 1848
2017:Point Lookout, Maryland
1457:1926 Slavery Convention
1213:Germany in World War II
830:North and South America
352:Contract of manumission
2463:Congressional Cemetery
2322:Green-Mountain Freeman
2185:Green-Mountain Freeman
2042:
2013:Frenchtown, New Jersey
2002:
1911:
1881:
1860:
1848:
1826:Congressional Cemetery
938:British Virgin Islands
490:Circassian slave trade
456:Safavid imperial harem
451:Ottoman Imperial Harem
28:
3248:The Quest for Freedom
2913:Charles Turner Torrey
2908:Harriet Beecher Stowe
2873:Harriet Forten Purvis
2668:earlywashingtondc.org
2431:earlywashingtondc.org
2371:earlywashingtondc.org
2232:"Escape on the Pearl"
2104:Later years and death
2034:
1992:
1906:
1875:
1858:
1839:
1177:Europe and North Asia
1137:Australia and Oceania
837:Pre-Columbian America
409:Slave raid of Suðuroy
341:Slavery in al-Andalus
263:Black Sea slave trade
192:21st-century jihadism
39:National Park Service
22:
3232:A Woman Called Moses
3100:opponents of slavery
3073:Thirteenth Amendment
3035:Joshua Glover rescue
2848:Laura Smith Haviland
2777:Underground Railroad
2261:www.ourdocuments.gov
2036:Henry Lewis Stephens
1943:Underground Railroad
1828:in Washington, D.C.
1632:Indentured servitude
1560:Underground Railroad
1360:United Arab Emirates
749:Zanzibar slave trade
716:By country or region
529:Atlantic slave trade
431:Ma malakat aymanukum
315:Venetian slave trade
3240:Roots of Resistance
3122:Fugitive slave laws
2868:William Cooper Nell
1817:Born about 1802 in
1718:Slave Route Project
849:Americas indigenous
739:Red Sea slave trade
729:Contemporary Africa
592:Topics and practice
362:Crimean slave trade
357:Bukhara slave trade
310:Genoese slave trade
187:Contemporary Africa
167:Forced prostitution
3243:(1989 documentary)
2903:Calvin Ellis Stowe
2823:Frederick Douglass
2818:Richard Dillingham
2236:Washingtonpost.com
2043:
2003:
1939:William L. Chaplin
1912:
1882:
1861:
1849:
1499:Blockade of Africa
806:Somali slave trade
722:Sub-Saharan Africa
414:Turkish Abductions
372:Khivan slave trade
367:Khazar slave trade
320:Balkan slave trade
278:Prague slave trade
29:
3314:
3313:
3307:Slavery in Canada
3291:(2021 miniseries)
3259:(2013 board game)
3235:(1978 miniseries)
3028:Uncle Tom's Cabin
2704:978-0-300-25627-7
2649:978-0-7710-7126-3
2318:"The Bell Family"
1987:
1986:
1919:The Bell children
1815:
1814:
1765:Freedmen's Bureau
1587:Third Servile War
1582:International law
1149:Human trafficking
911:Human trafficking
586:Thirteen colonies
404:Sack of Baltimore
172:Human trafficking
3374:
3275:(2016 TV series)
2935:
2793:William Brinkley
2770:
2763:
2756:
2747:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2708:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2591:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2515:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2460:
2452:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2422:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2364:
2353:
2350:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2314:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2227:
2201:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2119:Edmonson sisters
1976:
1975:
1960:
1959:
1948:
1935:Edmonson sisters
1807:
1800:
1793:
1777:Emancipation Day
1610:
1577:Slave Trade Acts
268:Byzantine Empire
110:
83:
69:Washington, D.C.
3382:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3294:
3171:
3117:Fugitive slaves
3078:
3015:Christiana Riot
2976:
2936:
2927:
2828:Calvin Fairbank
2779:
2774:
2734:
2722:
2720:
2711:
2705:
2690:
2687:
2685:Further reading
2682:
2681:
2672:
2670:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2650:
2637:
2636:
2629:
2620:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2581:
2572:
2570:
2560:Washington Post
2553:
2552:
2545:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2517:
2516:
2477:
2468:
2466:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2384:
2375:
2373:
2366:
2365:
2356:
2345:"Daniel Bell",
2344:
2343:
2336:
2327:
2325:
2316:
2315:
2274:
2265:
2263:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2241:
2239:
2229:
2228:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2115:
2106:
1973:
1957:
1951:External images
1930:
1921:
1901:
1887:
1870:
1834:
1811:
1782:
1781:
1686:Slave narrative
1642:Fugitive slaves
1622:
1614:
1613:
1604:
1572:Slave rebellion
1427:
1417:
1416:
1375:
1365:
1364:
1187:United Kingdom
1123:Yankee princess
717:
709:
708:
436:Avret Pazarları
382:Avret Pazarları
251:Medieval Europe
217:
207:
206:
145:Forced marriage
120:
81:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3380:
3378:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3319:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3284:
3276:
3268:
3264:The North Star
3260:
3252:
3244:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3206:visitor center
3198:
3193:
3185:
3179:
3177:
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3161:
3156:
3151:
3150:
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3141:
3136:
3131:
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3107:
3102:
3097:
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2991:
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2969:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2946:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2918:Harriet Tubman
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2888:Hetty Reckless
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2843:Frances Harper
2840:
2838:Thomas Garrett
2835:
2833:Isaac S. Flint
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2733:
2732:External links
2730:
2729:
2728:
2709:
2703:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2655:
2648:
2627:
2606:
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2105:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2085:
2082:
2075:
2072:
2065:
2057:
1985:
1984:
1982:captured (map)
1969:
1968:
1953:
1952:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1900:
1897:
1886:
1883:
1869:
1866:
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1710:
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1700:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1664:List of slaves
1661:
1660:
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1208:Dutch Republic
1205:
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1199:
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741:
736:
731:
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715:
714:
711:
710:
707:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
680:
679:
675:
674:
669:
667:Child soldiers
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
643:
642:
632:
627:
622:
617:
616:
615:
610:
605:
594:
593:
589:
588:
583:
578:
576:Spanish Empire
573:
568:
563:
558:
556:Middle Passage
553:
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543:
538:
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531:
525:
524:
519:
514:
509:
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458:
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448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
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416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
386:
385:
384:
377:Ottoman Empire
374:
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364:
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332:
331:
325:
324:
323:
322:
312:
307:
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246:
241:
236:
231:
225:
224:
218:
213:
212:
209:
208:
205:
204:
199:
197:Sexual slavery
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
163:
162:
157:
155:Child marriage
152:
142:
137:
132:
130:Child soldiers
127:
121:
116:
115:
112:
111:
103:
102:
92:
91:
80:
77:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3379:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
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3338:
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3330:
3328:
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3157:
3155:
3154:Slave catcher
3152:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3124:
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3019:
3016:
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3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2990:flight (1845)
2989:
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2956:
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2924:
2923:Delia Webster
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2898:William Still
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2878:Robert Purvis
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
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2861:
2859:
2858:Daniel Hughes
2856:
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2809:
2808:Samuel Burris
2806:
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2799:
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2531:9780807888926
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2018:
2014:
2010:
2009:
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1991:
1983:
1981:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1954:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1927:
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1918:
1916:
1909:
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1898:
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1879:
1874:
1865:
1857:
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1852:industrious".
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1708:Slave catcher
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1637:Forced labour
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1487:
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1482:Abolitionists
1480:
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1089:
1085:
1084:comfort women
1082:
1081:
1080:
1077:
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1067:Chukri System
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906:interregional
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891:prison labour
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662:Slave raiding
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630:Corvée labour
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105:
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26:
21:
3327:1800s births
3286:
3278:
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3262:
3254:
3246:
3238:
3230:
3222:
3188:
3164:
3110:publications
3095:Abolitionism
3061:Tilly Escape
3040:
3026:
3021:Jerry Rescue
2994:
2893:Gerrit Smith
2853:David Hudson
2738:
2721:. Retrieved
2717:
2693:
2671:. Retrieved
2667:
2658:
2639:
2619:. Retrieved
2609:
2598:. Retrieved
2571:. Retrieved
2559:
2535:. Retrieved
2520:
2467:. Retrieved
2462:
2434:. Retrieved
2430:
2374:. Retrieved
2370:
2346:
2326:. Retrieved
2321:
2264:. Retrieved
2260:
2251:
2240:. Retrieved
2235:
2197:
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2184:
2180:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2107:
2098:
2068:
2051:
2044:
2026:
2007:
2004:
1996:
1979:
1963:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1907:
1888:
1862:
1850:
1844:
1841:George Cooke
1823:
1816:
1713:Slave patrol
1550:Freedom suit
1526:Sierra Leone
1516:Colonization
1432:Abolitionism
1412:Baháʼí Faith
1385:Christianity
1335:Saudi Arabia
1191:Penal Labour
1156:Blackbirding
1062:Debt bondage
1050:penal system
876:Contemporary
866:Field slaves
854:U.S. Natives
813:South Africa
684:Galley slave
657:Slave market
647:House slaves
620:Blackbirding
598:Conscription
522:21st century
485:Umm al-walad
329:Muslim world
298:Emancipation
202:Wage slavery
182:Penal labour
160:Wife selling
150:Bride buying
135:Conscription
125:Child Labour
118:Contemporary
58:
43:
36:
31:
30:
24:
3332:1877 deaths
3283:(2019 film)
3272:Underground
3267:(2016 film)
3251:(1992 film)
3227:(1932 book)
3168:(1872 book)
3147:lawn jockey
3049:Dover Eight
3045:(1856 book)
3031:(1852 book)
2883:John Rankin
2863:Peg Leg Joe
2813:Levi Coffin
1880:(NARA) RG21
1728:court cases
1605: [
1555:Slave Power
1543:Manumission
1390:Catholicism
1265:Afghanistan
1006:Puerto Rico
918:The Bahamas
896:Slave codes
699:Shanghaiing
689:Impressment
581:Slave Coast
461:Qajar harem
421:Concubinage
394:slave trade
79:Early years
32:Daniel Bell
3321:Categories
3301:See also:
2803:Owen Brown
2798:John Brown
2723:2021-03-26
2673:2021-04-21
2621:2021-03-25
2600:2021-04-22
2573:2021-03-26
2537:2021-03-25
2469:2021-03-26
2436:2021-03-25
2376:2021-03-26
2328:2021-03-26
2266:2021-03-27
2242:2021-03-26
2208:References
2064:Robertson.
1743:J.Q. Adams
1733:Washington
1703:Slave name
1652:convention
1627:Common law
1000:Encomienda
796:Seychelles
781:Mauritania
704:Slave ship
571:Panyarring
566:New France
215:Historical
54:Deep South
2568:0190-8286
2175:children.
1832:Adulthood
1738:Jefferson
1395:Mormonism
1330:Palestine
1144:Australia
1074:Indonesia
965:Lei Áurea
948:Code Noir
928:Caribbean
901:Treatment
640:Treatment
613:Devshirme
475:Odalisque
293:In Russia
234:Babylonia
222:Antiquity
61:Civil War
49:slave pen
3191:(Boston)
3143:Signals
2997:incident
2960:churches
2742:, C-Span
2113:See also
2054:incident
1999:incident
1966:schooner
1770:Iron bit
1760:40 acres
1723:breeding
1538:Freedman
1373:Religion
1233:Portugal
1118:Thailand
1108:Maldives
1103:Malaysia
1096:Kwalliso
1040:Booi Aha
992:Restavek
972:Colombia
943:Trinidad
933:Barbados
823:Zanzibar
771:Ethiopia
652:Saqaliba
546:Database
497:Saqaliba
258:Ancillae
88:a series
86:Part of
3280:Harriet
3176:Related
1748:Lincoln
1621:Related
1521:Liberia
1407:Judaism
1345:Tunisia
1320:Morocco
1310:Lebanon
1275:Bahrain
1270:Algeria
1238:Romania
1203:Denmark
1196:Slavery
1130:Vietnam
801:Somalia
791:Nigeria
766:Comoros
694:Pirates
603:Ghilman
536:Bristol
426:history
399:pirates
288:History
177:Peonage
100:slavery
3134:Quilts
3083:Topics
3075:(1865)
3069:(1859)
3063:(1856)
3057:(1858)
3051:(1857)
3037:(1854)
3023:(1851)
3017:(1851)
3011:(1849)
3005:(1847)
2999:(1848)
2981:Events
2955:houses
2942:Places
2785:People
2701:
2646:
2566:
2528:
2465:. 2021
1928:Flight
1899:Daniel
1847:, 1833
1669:owners
1305:Kuwait
1300:Jordan
1253:Sweden
1243:Russia
1228:Poland
1223:Norway
1045:Laogai
1030:Brunei
1025:Bhutan
987:revolt
960:Brazil
923:Canada
886:partus
871:female
756:Angola
625:Coolie
608:Mamluk
561:Nantes
541:Brazil
470:Cariye
305:Thrall
273:Kholop
239:Greece
2995:Pearl
2459:(PDF)
2352:Nora.
2200:case.
2126:Notes
2069:Pearl
2052:Pearl
2008:Pearl
1997:Pearl
1980:Pearl
1964:Pearl
1696:songs
1691:films
1609:]
1565:songs
1402:Islam
1380:Bible
1355:Yemen
1350:Qatar
1340:Syria
1315:Libya
1280:Egypt
1248:Spain
1218:Malta
1091:Korea
1079:Japan
1057:India
1035:China
982:Haiti
842:Aztec
818:Sudan
786:Niger
678:Naval
551:Dutch
480:Qiyan
466:Jarya
441:Harem
283:Serfs
229:Egypt
44:Pearl
3305:and
3127:1850
2699:ISBN
2644:ISBN
2564:ISSN
2526:ISBN
1978:The
1962:The
1885:Mary
1647:laws
1509:U.S.
1504:U.K.
1442:U.S.
1437:U.K.
1325:Oman
1295:Iraq
1290:Iran
977:Cuba
881:maps
776:Mali
761:Chad
347:Baqt
244:Rome
140:Debt
98:and
71:The
3323::
2716:.
2666:.
2630:^
2582:^
2562:.
2558:.
2546:^
2478:^
2461:.
2445:^
2429:.
2385:^
2357:^
2337:^
2320:.
2275:^
2259:.
2234:.
2216:^
1945:.
1843:,
1607:fa
90:on
56:.
2769:e
2762:t
2755:v
2726:.
2707:.
2676:.
2652:.
2624:.
2603:.
2576:.
2540:.
2472:.
2439:.
2379:.
2331:.
2269:.
2245:.
2056:.
2001:.
1806:e
1799:t
1792:v
1002:)
998:(
468:/
343:
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
