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33:
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647:, that long-term memory preserves many of the details of musical experience that previous theorists regarded as lost during the encoding process. He is also known for drawing attention to the role of cerebellum in music listening, including tracking the beat and distinguishing familiar from unfamiliar music.
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at the Santa Monica Civic
Auditorium. He began playing guitar at age 20 and has been a member of bands including The Alsea River Band (lead guitar), The Mortals (bass), Judy Garland (bass), The Shingles (lead guitar), Slings & Arrows (bass), JD Buhl (bass and guitar). He also played on recording
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bestseller list in its first week of release, and at #2 on the
Canadian bestseller list, and stayed on the Canadian bestseller lists for more than six months. It was named an Apple Books book-of-the-month and Next Big Idea Club selection. It was published by Penguin Life in the U.K. as
1371:. It appeared on numerous best-seller lists in the U.S., Canada and the U.K., and is the most acclaimed of Levitin's four books, receiving the National Business Book Award, the Mavis Gallant Prize for Non-Fiction, the Axiom Business Book Award, and was a finalist for the Donner Prize.
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bestseller lists. In that book, he shares observations related to all sorts of music listeners, telling for instance that, today, teenagers listen to more music in one month than their peers living during the 1700s during their entire existence. The book was nominated for two awards
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Levitin began playing piano at age 4. He took up clarinet at age 8, and bass clarinet and saxophone at age 12. He played saxophone (tenor and baritone) in high school; at age 17 he performed on baritone with the big band backing up
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at the invitation of the producers, in Season 8, Episode 5, "The Focus
Attenuation". He appeared in the opening scene, sitting at a table in the Caltech cafeteria over Sheldon's right shoulder. In January 2015 he was a guest on
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European
Acoustics Association (EAA) Award for Outstanding Scientific Results Published in Acta Acustica United With Acustica (with co-recipients C. Guastavino, J-D Pollack, D. Dubois and B. Katz), 2008.
1966:
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348:, University of California at Berkeley. He is the Director of the Laboratory for Music Perception, Cognition, and Expertise at McGill. He is a former member of the Board of Governors of the
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specializing in music perception and cognition, he is credited for fundamentally changing the way that scientists think about auditory memory, showing through the
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Television Award, Science/Nature
Documentary, 45th Chicago International Film Festival, The Musical Brain (Daniel Levitin, host and scientific consultant), 2009.
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Cine
Special Jury Prize for Arts & Culture, The Music Instinct (Daniel Levitin, co-host, co-writer and chief scientific consultant), 2010, Washington, D.C.
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1063:(1984), and others. Two highlights of his tenure in A&R were discovering the band The Big Race (which later became the well-known soundtrack band
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Langford, D. J.; Crager, S. E.; Shehzad, Z.; Smith, S. B.; Sotocinal, S. G.; Levenstadt, J. S.; Chanda, M. L.; Levitin, D. J.; Mogil, J. S. (2006).
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In the late 1970s, Levitin consulted for M&K Sound as an expert listener assisting in the design of the first commercial satellite and
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1718:, Best Sound in an Information/Documentary Program or Series, The Musical Brain (Daniel Levitin, host and scientific consultant), 2009.
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First place, Pariscience Film
Festival, The Music Instinct (Daniel Levitin, co-host, co-writer and chief scientific consultant), 2009.
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1181:.com (and its sister companies, Emotioneering.com and jaboom.com), the first Internet music recommendation company, sold in 2006 to
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1962:(2014), New York: Dutton/Penguin Random House and Toronto: Allen Lane/Penguin Random House and London: Viking/Penguin Random House.
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810:, in January 2020 with a performance with his own band at the Rockwood Music Hall in New York City, followed by seven shows with
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1938:, (2006), New York: Dutton/Penguin. (released in the U.K. and Commonwealth territories by Atlantic, 2007). (appeared on the
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1970:(2016), New York: Dutton/Penguin Random House; Toronto: Allen Lane/Penguin Random House; London: Viking/Penguin Random House
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Outside of his academic pursuits
Levitin has worked on and off as a stand-up comedian and joke writer, performing at the
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before dropping out of college to join a succession of bands, work as a record producer, and help found a record label,
1918:(1999). New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, E. Olsen, C. Wolff, P. Verna, Editors; D. J. Levitin, associate editor.
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2073:"A critical role for the right fronto-insular cortex in switching between central-executive and default-mode networks"
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1708:, Rockie Award Nominee, The Music Instinct (Daniel Levitin, co-host, co-writer and chief scientific consultant), 2010.
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was published by Dutton/Penguin Random House in 2016, and released in paperback in March 2017 under the revised title
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2672:"Oliver Sacks meets Jerry Garcia in 'This Is Your Brain on Music' by rocker-turned-neuroscientist Daniel Levitin'".
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His five books have all been international bestsellers, and collectively have sold more 3 million copies worldwide:
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After 415 was sold, he formed his own production and business consulting company, with a list of clients including
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1978:(2020), New York: Dutton/Penguin Random House; Toronto: Allen Lane/Penguin Random House; London: Penguin Life.
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He began writing songs at age 17. His songwriting has been praised by a number of top songwriters including
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814:'s Bass Extremes band in Los Angeles, Oakland, and Phoenix, and a performance of one of the album's songs "
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1896:"Top 100 Papers in Cognitive Science" by the Millennium Project for "Absolute Memory for Musical Pitch,"
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1144:. Levitin returned to the studio in 2002, producing three albums for Quebec blues musician Dale Boyle:
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Robert Levine (June 9, 2016). "Inside the 'Stairway to Heaven' Lawsuit: Everything You Need to Know".
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Lys Award, Best Blues Album, 2005, Dale Boyle: In My
Rearview Mirror: A Story From A Small Gaspé Town
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3231:"Daniel Levitin, ft. Renée Fleming, Victor Wooten, & Hardy Hemphill - "Just a Memory" - YouTube"
803:, who said, "Dan is really good at what he does, and creates rich images with his words and music."
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Interview with
Levitin regarding This is Your Brain on Music on The Sound of Young America (2006)
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1156:(2005), the latter two of which won the annual Lys Blues Award for best Blues album. He helped
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stand-up comedy competition regionals in San Francisco in 1989, and has contributed jokes for
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series on BBC 4, discussing the evolutionary basis of music and the neuroscience of music.
1479:. His television and film appearances have reached more than 50 million viewers worldwide.
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in San Francisco, becoming the president of the label in 1989 before the label was sold to
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Spoken at McCabe's, Santa Monica, Sept. 8, 2017, after Levitin & Brosseau show there.
2175:"Absolute memory for musical tempo: Additional evidence that auditory memory is absolute"
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as one of the best books of 2008. It was also nominated for the World Technology Awards.
3874:
2915:
2687:"Books: Bestsellers: Top selling fiction and non-fiction titles (week of September 21".
2253:. A&M Records/Universal, 2000. (Consultant on song selection, liner notes writer.)
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was published by Dutton/Penguin Random House in January 2020 and debuted at #10 on the
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for the Best Debut Author of 2006), named one of the top books of the year by Canada's
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Lys Award, Best Blues Album 2004, Dale Boyle and the Barburners: A Dog Day for Purists
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2942:"Absolute memory for musical pitch: Evidence from the production of learned melodies"
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500:. Records and CDs to which he has contributed have sold more than 30 million copies.
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Bestseller List. It was named by the Sunday Times as one of the best books of 2020
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degree in 1993 and a PhD degree in 1996. He completed post-doctoral fellowships at
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389:
251:
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2006:
1991:"Measuring the representational space of music with fMRI: a case study with Sting"
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for whom he later worked as a consulting record producer. Levitin was one of the
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Successful Aging: A Neuroscientist Explores the Power and Potential of Our Lives
1975:
Successful Aging: A Neuroscientist Explores the Power and Potential of Our Lives
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Successful Aging: A Neuroscientist Explores the Power and Potential of Our Lives
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degree in 1992 (with honors and highest university distinction) and then to the
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and The Afflicted; and served as a consultant on albums by artists including
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was published by Dutton/Penguin Random House in 2014, debuting at #2 on the
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978:
910:
902:
521:
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2336:, Warner Brothers, 1989. (Engineering (Asst), Sound Design (Soundscape)).
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2014:
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was released in August 2024 by W. W. Norton, receiving advance praise from
3657:"Award-winning book A Field Guide to Lies receives a new title post-Trump"
3334:"This Is Neuroscientist Daniel Levitin On Music | Soundcheck | New Sounds"
3046:"Daniel Levitin on Why Being Organized Is More Important Than Ever Before"
2967:
2200:
2724:
2607:
Parncutt, R.; Levitin, D.J. (2001). "Absolute Pitch". In S. Sadie (ed.).
2364:
The Big Race, "Happy Animals," from the Soundtrack of the Paramount Film
1506:
In 2019–2020 he was a script consultant and on-air guest for Season 8 of
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667:
442:
333:
292:
3831:"BBC Four - Stewart Copeland's Adventures in Music, Series 1, Episode 1"
1959:
The Organized Mind: Thinking Straight in the Age of Information Overload
414:
The Organized Mind: Thinking Straight in the Age of Information Overload
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1011:. From 1984 to 1988, he worked as the director, then vice president of
349:
2577:
2270:. Motown, 1996. (Consultant on song selection. Liner notes writer.)
1410:
says his performance of the character Ray is based on Daniel Levitin.
788:. In the fall of 2017 he toured the West Coast with singer-songwriter
4206:
337:
1213:
Levitin began writing articles in 1988 for music industry magazines
1012:
662:
in 1984, and at comedy clubs in California; he placed second in the
3920:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2383:, R Radical Records, 1984 (Producer of tracks by The Afflicted and
1465:(2009, CTV/National Geographic Television) which he co-hosted with
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Bestseller List and reaching #1 on the Canadian best-seller lists.
845:
4642:
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
4118:
3269:"The dynamic, 'Disturbing' history of San Francisco's 415 Records"
1947:
The World in Six Songs: How the Musical Brain Created Human Nature
1928:
Foundations of Cognitive Psychology: Core Readings, Second Edition
1671:
Silver Medal, Axiom Business Book Awards, Ethics category (2017),
1330:
The World in Six Songs: How the Musical Brain Created Human Nature
408:
The World in Six Songs: How the Musical Brain Created Human Nature
325:
303:, writer, musician, and record producer. He is the author of four
3848:
Thompson, Clive (December 31, 2006). "Music of the Hemispheres".
358:
fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
3881:
Levitin Laboratory for Music Perception, Cognition and Expertise
3267:
July 13, James Sullivan; July 13, 2022Updated (July 13, 2022) .
1950:(2008), New York: Dutton/Penguin and Toronto: Viking/Penguin. (
1744:
906:
716:
He continues to perform regularly and has played saxophone with
3924:
2387:), reissued 1997 New Red Archives/Lumberjack Mordam Music Group
1967:
A Field Guide to Lies: Critical Thinking in the Information Age
1023:. Notable achievements during that time included producing the
420:
A Field Guide to Lies: Critical Thinking in the Information Age
3735:
Gayle MacDonald (June 3, 2008). "Listening for the Listener".
1576:
from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
1531:
1168:
Love Has Many Faces: A Quartet, A Ballet, Waiting to Be Danced
620:, and Stephen Palmer. He has been a visiting professor at the
373:
1935:
This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession
1433:
From September 2006 to April 2007 Levitin served as a weekly
1282:
This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession
402:
This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession
372:(FRSC). He has appeared frequently as a guest commentator on
310:
This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession
3868:
2594:
1031:
by The Afflicted (named among the Top 10 records of 1985 by
2126:"Social Modulation of Pain as Evidence for Empathy in Mice"
1246:
s Reviews section from 1992 to 1997. He has contributed to
1106:(1992). He was a music consultant on feature films such as
1033:
981:
loudspeaker systems, an early version of which was used by
532:, all in California. He graduated after his junior year at
266:
3462:
3142:. New York, Toronto, London: Dutton/Penguin Random House.
2984:
D. Huron (2006). "Exploring How Music Works Its Wonders".
2260:. Hollywood/Miramax Records, 1998. (A&R Consultant. )
1386:
The Changing Mind: A Neuroscientist's Guide to Ageing Well
2218:. Driving Records/CD Baby, 2015. (Producer and Engineer).
1305:
for Outstanding Science & Technology Writing and the
1082:
firms, and every major record label. As a consultant for
540:
where he studied applied mathematics; he enrolled at the
3880:
2595:
Laboratory for Music Perception, Cognition and Expertise
1421:
to defend copyright infringement claim against his song
452:
Levitin also worked as a music consultant, producer and
273:
3434:"Amnesia and the Self That Remains When Memory Is Lost"
3273:
Datebook | San Francisco Arts & Entertainment Guide
2624:"Absolute pitch: Perception, coding, and controversies"
680:
Bizarro and Other Strange Manifestations of the Art of
2268:
Stevie Wonder Song Review: A Greatest Hits Collection
2256:
Various Artists. Original motion picture soundtrack,
2230:
In My Rearview Mirror: A Story From A Small Gaspé Town
1333:(Dutton/Penguin 2008) debuted on the Canadian and the
1154:
In My Rearview Mirror: A Story From A Small Gaspé Town
1086:
he planned the marketing campaigns for such albums as
340:, Canada; a Founding Dean of Arts & Humanities at
3630:"Hudson Booksellers Announces the Best Books of 2016"
2549:
The Polymath:Unlocking the Power of Human Versatility
1160:
with the production of her three most recent albums,
4622:
Stanford University Department of Psychology faculty
3179:"Daniel Levitin to present at New Yorker conference"
3163:"Jazz Legend Mel Tormé to play Santa Monica Civic".
3096:"Study Shows Music Brings My Family Closer Together"
3065:"Book on Music Sheds New Light on Fetal Development"
1930:(2010), Boston: Allyn & Bacon/Pearson Publishing
678:. Some comics were included in the 2006 compilation
4479:
4341:
4245:
4197:
3999:
3958:
3805:"BBC Radio 4 - Start the Week, Organising the Mind"
2775:Ann McIlroy (March 12, 2001). "Dr. Rock 'n' Roll".
949:
939:
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920:
893:
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867:
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852:
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674:, as well as the nationally syndicated comic strip
431:
I Heard There Was A Secret Chord: Music As Medicine
261:
243:
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165:
148:
103:
79:
71:
42:
23:
2851:. New Providence, NJ: Marquis Who's Who LLC. 2002.
2790:Susan Dominus (March 18, 2007). "Rockin' Boffin".
2343:, Twin/Tone (U.S), Sire (U.K.), 1986. (Engineer).
2225:. 2006. (Mixing Engineer, Production Consultant).
1922:Foundations of Cognitive Psychology: Core Readings
1118:(1996), and served as a compilation consultant to
548:. He returned to school in his thirties, studying
4627:Stanford University School of Engineering faculty
2823:. Contemporary Authors, 2005, at encyclopedia.com
2704:"CHARTS Bestsellers (week ending Nov 05, 2006)".
2071:Sridharan, D.; Levitin, D. J.; Menon, V. (2008).
1140:(1995; updated and released as a DVD in 2003) by
991:(1974). After that he worked at A Broun Sound in
291:(born December 27, 1957) is an American-Canadian
3891:– Interview on the 7th Avenue Project radio show
3029:James Martin (Summer 2004). "A Mind For Music".
2979:
2977:
1942:Bestseller List both in hardcover and paperback)
1413:Levitin consulted on the legal strategy used by
822:, Victor Wooten and Hardy Hemphill sponsored by
316:Levitin is a James McGill Professor Emeritus of
2609:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
2077:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1137:Interpretations: A 25th Anniversary Celebration
806:He released his first album of original songs,
3006:. Webster's. February 18, 2011. Archived from
2770:
2768:
2622:Levitin, D. J.; Rogers. S.E. (December 2005).
2611:. New York: St. Martins Press. pp. 37–39.
2312:, MCA, 1992. (Consultant on CD Remastering.)
1916:The Billboard Encyclopedia of Record Producers
824:John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
4597:Stanford University School of Medicine alumni
3936:
2361:, Passport/JEM Records, 1985. (co-producer).
1327:, and has been translated into 20 languages.
8:
4677:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
2381:International P.E.A.C.E. Benefit Compilation
1201:. He was an occasional script consultant to
1007:audio compression tests, a precursor to MP3
468:among others; produced punk bands including
344:; and a Distinguished Faculty Fellow at the
4632:McGill University Faculty of Science alumni
3554:"Best Sellers - Books - the New York Times"
3297:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
520:, a novelist. Daniel Levitin was raised in
4617:University of California, Berkeley faculty
3943:
3929:
3921:
3873:
3407:"A Neuroscientist's Diary of a Concussion"
1569:about living persons that is unsourced or
844:
833:
380:. He has published scientific articles on
31:
20:
2957:
2894:. New York: Dutton/Penguin Random House.
2190:
2106:
2096:
1640:Learn how and when to remove this message
1172:Starbucks' Artist's Choice: Joni Mitchell
3766:M. Skidmore v. James Patrick Page, et al
2748:"He's Rocking the World of Neuroscience"
2440:Close To You: Remembering the Carpenters
2395:
2339:Jonathan Richman and the Modern Lovers,
1884:, 1985, Film Soundtrack Production, for
4179:Temporal dynamics of music and language
3852:: Section 2 Arts & Leisure, Page 1.
3771: United States Reports 16-56287
2539:
1989:Levitin, D. J.; Grafton, S. T. (2016).
1759:Song Review: A Greatest Hits Collection
1337:bestseller lists, and was named by the
1239:, and was named contributing writer to
1125:Song Review: A Greatest Hits Collection
4647:Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
3290:
3075:from the original on December 27, 2012
2792:London Daily Telegraph, Seven Magazine
2457:The Carpenters: Harmony and Heartbreak
2030:Chanda, M. L.; Levitin, D. J. (2013).
1699:, Best Book on Science and Technology.
1499:program alongside cognitive scientist
1447:. Two documentary films were based on
1067:), and he had the opportunity to sign
494:O.J. Ekemode and the Nigerian Allstars
1864:The Crow: City of Angels (soundtrack)
1457:(2009, PBS), which he co-hosted with
1185:group. He has also consulted for the
538:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
370:fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
362:Association for Psychological Science
84:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
4662:People from Palos Verdes, California
3204:"Alumni Profile: Daniel Levitin '80"
3044:Sussman, Deborah (August 21, 2014).
2173:Levitin, D. J.; Cook, P. R. (1996).
206:University of California at Berkeley
3655:Robertson, Becky (April 27, 2017).
2805:"La musique pour maître à penser".
1924:(2002), Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press
1680:Mavis Gallant Prize for Non-Fiction
600:and his scientific mentors include
516:, a businessman and professor, and
4562:Canadian cognitive neuroscientists
3063:Music, Head Above (May 31, 2011).
2864:"The Canons of Dr. Daniel Levitin"
2746:James Sullivan (August 20, 2006).
2445:Self, Consultant to the producers
2357:, EP, Infrasonic, 1987*True West,
1482:Levitin had a cameo appearance in
1037:magazine); engineering records by
622:University of California, Berkeley
586:University of California, Berkeley
582:Stanford University Medical School
484:; and as a recording engineer for
14:
4667:People from Daly City, California
4124:Music in psychological operations
3536:"Deals: Week of February 4, 2013"
3094:Stein, Joel (February 11, 2016).
2862:Gordon, Michael (April 8, 2019).
1475:, a 2012 documentary directed by
1177:In 1998, Levitin helped to found
634:Oregon Health Sciences University
16:American psychologist (born 1957)
4567:Record producers from California
4069:Generative theory of tonal music
3313:"Allmusic:Artist:Daniel Levitin"
2720:"Flying in a Blue Dream credits"
2232:. 2005. (Production Consultant)
1536:
4587:Berklee College of Music alumni
4079:Hedonic music consumption model
3976:Cognitive neuroscience of music
2377:, Infrasonic, 1984. (Producer)
2329:, Reprise, 1992. (Consultant.)
2319:, Reprise, 1992. (Consultant.)
2242:Dale Boyle and the Barburners,
2235:Dale Boyle and the Barburners,
1706:Banff World Television Festival
830:Music producing and engineering
588:. His early influences include
174:cognitive neuroscience of music
4672:People from Moraga, California
4637:Journalists from San Francisco
2946:Perception & Psychophysics
2179:Perception & Psychophysics
1983:Scientific articles (selected)
1668:(2017), A Field Guide to Lies.
776:; and appeared on vocals with
652:Democratic National Convention
307:best-selling books, including
1:
4516:Psychology of Music (journal)
4059:Eye movement in music reading
3484:"Pick of the paperbacks 2008"
3000:"Common expressions: Levitin"
2374:Good News About Mental Health
2368:, 1985. (Producer, Engineer)
2032:"The neurochemistry of music"
2007:10.1080/13554794.2016.1216572
576:'s Silicon Valley think-tank
216:Interval Research Corporation
4652:Academics from San Francisco
4577:American music psychologists
4084:Illusory continuity of tones
3784:"Nielsen Television Ratings"
2849:Marquis Who's Who in America
2631:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
2461:Consultant to the Producers
2036:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
1898:Perception and Psychophysics
1870:Best Film Soundtrack award,
1734:, Best Debut Author (2006),
1691:Los Angeles Times Book Prize
1666:National Business Book Award
1547:biography of a living person
924:Producer, Engineer, Musician
4657:Journalists from California
4607:Stanford University faculty
4602:University of Oregon alumni
4530:This Is Your Brain on Music
4509:Music, Thought, and Feeling
4495:Musicae Scientiae (journal)
3908:, 2005, at encyclopedia.com
3888:This is Your Brain on Music
3490:. London. December 21, 2008
3370:"Retrieved August 31, 2014"
3165:Palos Verdes Peninsula News
3140:This Is Your Brain on Music
3004:Webster's Online Dictionary
2888:Levitin, Daniel J. (2020).
1737:This Is Your Brain on Music
1696:This Is Your Brain on Music
1574:must be removed immediately
1450:This Is Your Brain on Music
1053:; and producing tracks for
152:
113:This Is Your Brain on Music
4693:
4592:Stanford University alumni
4572:American music journalists
4303:Neuronal encoding of sound
4273:Melodic intonation therapy
3981:Culture in music cognition
3114:"Levitin, Daniel J. 1957-"
2821:"Levitin, Daniel J. 1957–"
2643:10.1016/j.tics.2004.11.007
2582:online.nielsenbookscan.net
2048:10.1016/j.tics.2013.02.007
1516:. In 2020, he appeared in
1388:; it debuted at #5 on the
354:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
4612:Dartmouth College faculty
4029:Consonance and dissonance
3886:Daniel Levitin discusses
3395:Retrieved August 31, 2014
3358:Retrieved August 31, 2014
2809:. November–December 2002.
2501:
2494:Self, Writer; Consultant
2479:Self, writer, consultant
2468:
2398:
2264:Stevie Wonder discography
2237:A Dog Day for the Purists
1279:Levitin is the author of
1150:A Dog Day for the Purists
843:
257:
158:
30:
4582:American science writers
4318:Psychoanalysis and music
4298:Neurologic music therapy
4232:Music-specific disorders
4044:Embodied music cognition
4034:Deutsch's scale illusion
3900:Levitin, Daniel J. 1957–
3138:Levitin, Daniel (2006).
2520:What Makes a Masterpiece
2497:CTV/National Geographic
1115:The Crow: City of Angels
995:, reconing speakers for
707:, and the soundtrack to
641:cognitive neuroscientist
542:Berklee College of Music
534:Palos Verdes High School
88:Berklee College of Music
4174:Speech-to-song illusion
3986:Evolutionary musicology
3583:www.theglobeandmail.com
2562:"Executive Turntable".
2150:10.1126/science.1128322
2098:10.1073/pnas.0800005105
1825:Gold (Steely Dan album)
1255:The Wall Street Journal
985:for mixing their album
504:Biography and education
346:Haas School of Business
322:behavioral neuroscience
99:(MSc, 1993; PhD, 1996).
4523:The World in Six Songs
4466:William Forde Thompson
4222:Musical hallucinations
2940:D. J. Levitin (1992).
2847:"Levitin, Daniel J.".
1872:Sundance Film Festival
1832:A Decade of Steely Dan
1561:Please help by adding
1469:. Levitin appeared in
993:San Rafael, California
968:, Infrasonic Records,
935:, guitar, bass, vocals
853:Background information
394:directional statistics
352:, a consultant to the
297:cognitive psychologist
119:The World in Six Songs
4328:Systematic musicology
2693:. September 21, 2006.
2246:. 2002. (Producer).
2239:. 2004. (Producer).
1905:Selected publications
1886:Architects of Victory
1876:Architects of Victory
1684:A Field Guide to Lies
1673:A Field Guide to Lies
1659:A Field Guide to Lies
1364:A Field Guide to Lies
1301:The Los Angeles Times
863:Daniel Joseph Levitin
728:, played guitar with
568:where he received an
285:Daniel Joseph Levitin
131:A Field Guide to Lies
4134:Music-related memory
3971:Cognitive musicology
3905:Contemporary Authors
3718:"Best Books of 2020"
3610:. September 16, 2016
3540:PublishersWeekly.com
3376:on September 3, 2014
2348:Fun Around The World
2306:Countdown to Ecstasy
2244:String Slinger Blues
1882:Venice Film Festival
1783:Countdown to Ecstasy
1567:Contentious material
1189:on underwater sound
1146:String Slinger Blues
1084:Warner Bros. Records
1057:, the soundtrack to
966:Warner Bros. Records
566:University of Oregon
560:where he received a
550:cognitive psychology
235:, Douglas Hintzman,
178:cognitive psychology
153:See "Awards" section
97:University of Oregon
4421:Max Friedrich Meyer
4313:Philosophy of music
4308:Performance science
4253:Aesthetics of music
4227:Musician's dystonia
4212:Auditory arrhythmia
4099:Melodic expectation
3688:. January 18, 2020.
3516:on November 4, 2012
3442:. December 31, 2012
3279:on December 7, 2022
3208:college.berklee.edu
2916:"Stephen E. Palmer"
2708:. November 5, 2006.
2597:, daniellevitin.com
2341:Rockin' and Romance
2223:Songs of Sweet Fire
2142:2006Sci...312.1967L
2136:(5782): 1967–1970.
2089:2008PNAS..10512569S
2083:(34): 12569–12574.
1522:Adventures in Music
1508:National Geographic
1485:The Big Bang Theory
1261:The Washington Post
1237:Electronic Musician
1205:from 2007 to 2009.
1195:Philips Electronics
626:Stanford University
558:Stanford University
439:Neil DeGrasse Tyson
366:Psychonomic Society
196:Stanford University
92:Stanford University
4480:Books and journals
4401:Carol L. Krumhansl
4119:Music and movement
4074:Glissando illusion
4054:Exercise and music
3811:. January 26, 2015
3686:The New York Times
3636:. October 31, 2016
3558:The New York Times
2959:10.3758/bf03206733
2868:Journey2Psychology
2777:The Globe and Mail
2578:"Nielsen Bookscan"
2547:Ahmed, W. (2019).
2474:The Music Instinct
2464:A&E Biography
2350:, Infrasonic, 1986
2334:Heart Shaped World
2310:Can't Buy A Thrill
2192:10.3758/bf03205494
1859:Heart Shaped World
1827:, expanded edition
1819:Two Against Nature
1777:Can't Buy A Thrill
1545:This section of a
1455:The Music Instinct
1423:Stairway To Heaven
1396:In popular culture
1354:The Organized Mind
1312:The Globe and Mail
1249:The New York Times
1187:United States Navy
1029:Here Come the Cops
1003:used in the first
685:(Andrews McMeel).
364:, a fellow of the
360:, a fellow of the
342:Minerva University
211:Minerva University
125:The Organized Mind
75:American, Canadian
4539:
4538:
4288:Musical acoustics
4164:Sharawadji effect
4144:Musical semantics
4114:Music and emotion
4014:Auditory illusion
3050:Phoenix New Times
2706:The Book Standard
2674:Publishers Weekly
2531:
2530:
2489:The Musical Brain
2258:Good Will Hunting
2249:The Carpenters.
1650:
1649:
1642:
1624:
1550:needs additional
1463:The Musical Brain
1429:Media appearances
1406:TV series, actor
1191:source separation
1109:Good Will Hunting
1009:audio compression
997:The Grateful Dead
975:
974:
878:December 27, 1957
630:Dartmouth College
578:Interval Research
554:cognitive science
536:and attended the
498:The Grateful Dead
330:McGill University
282:
281:
225:Academic advisors
201:Dartmouth College
191:McGill University
160:Scientific career
142:The Changing Mind
53:December 27, 1957
25:Daniel J. Levitin
4684:
4488:Music Perception
4431:Richard Parncutt
4416:Leonard B. Meyer
4366:Jane W. Davidson
4351:Jamshed Bharucha
4129:Music preference
4024:Background music
4019:Auditory imagery
3952:Music psychology
3945:
3938:
3931:
3922:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3869:Official website
3854:
3853:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3722:The Sunday Times
3714:
3708:
3707:
3706:. March 8, 2020.
3704:The Sunday Times
3696:
3690:
3689:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3626:
3620:
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3593:
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3589:
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3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3512:. Archived from
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3463:"New York Times"
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3403:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3372:. Archived from
3366:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3275:. Archived from
3264:
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3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3200:
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3175:
3169:
3168:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3118:Encyclopedia.com
3110:
3104:
3103:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3069:Head Above Music
3060:
3054:
3053:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3010:on July 24, 2011
2996:
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2598:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2544:
2396:
2266:Stevie Wonder.
2204:
2194:
2169:
2120:
2110:
2100:
2067:
2026:
1749:platinum records
1743:Awarded sixteen
1645:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1589:"Daniel Levitin"
1582:
1563:reliable sources
1540:
1539:
1532:
1518:Stewart Copeland
1245:
1233:Music Connection
1055:Blue Ă–yster Cult
1039:Jonathan Richman
970:TwinTone Records
958:Columbia Records
942:
881:
877:
875:
860:
848:
834:
734:Blue Ă–yster Cult
701:Blue Ă–yster Cult
664:National Lampoon
614:Douglas Hintzman
490:Jonathan Richman
458:Blue Ă–yster Cult
447:Michael Connelly
426:Successful Aging
278:
275:
271:
268:
244:Notable students
239:, Stephen Palmer
137:Successful Aging
56:
52:
50:
35:
21:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4475:
4361:Robert Cutietta
4337:
4323:Sociomusicology
4278:Music education
4263:Ethnomusicology
4241:
4193:
4189:Tritone paradox
4154:Octave illusion
4139:Musical gesture
4104:Melodic fission
4094:Lipps–Meyer law
4064:Franssen effect
3995:
3991:Psychoacoustics
3954:
3949:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3858:
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3829:
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3749:
3748:
3744:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3724:. June 6, 2020.
3716:
3715:
3711:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3665:
3663:
3661:Quill and Quire
3654:
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3628:
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3601:
3597:
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3585:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3562:
3560:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3534:Deahl, Rachel.
3533:
3532:
3528:
3519:
3517:
3510:"Vancouver Sun"
3508:
3507:
3503:
3493:
3491:
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3289:
3282:
3280:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3254:
3250:
3240:
3238:
3237:. June 24, 2020
3235:www.youtube.com
3229:
3228:
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3093:
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3088:
3078:
3076:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3033:. pp. 1–2.
3028:
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3023:
3013:
3011:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2982:
2975:
2939:
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2703:
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2698:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2676:. June 5, 2006.
2671:
2670:
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2626:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2566:. January 2000.
2561:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2428:Self, musician
2394:
2371:The Afflicted,
2251:As Time Goes By
2211:
2172:
2123:
2070:
2029:
1988:
1985:
1912:
1907:
1850:Diesel and Dust
1646:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1583:
1581:
1560:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1431:
1398:
1369:Weaponized Lies
1318:The Independent
1243:
1211:
1131:As Time Goes By
1128:(1996), and to
1080:venture capital
945:1980 to present
940:
933:Tenor saxophone
879:
873:
871:
858:
839:
832:
762:Peter Himmelman
691:
606:Karl H. Pribram
594:Merrill Garrett
506:
386:music cognition
272:
265:
220:
170:Music cognition
95:
90:
86:
80:Alma mater
67:
57:
54:
48:
46:
38:
37:Levitin in 2015
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4690:
4688:
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4458:
4453:
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4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4411:Daniel Levitin
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4386:Henkjan Honing
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
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4246:Related fields
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4159:Relative pitch
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4149:Musical syntax
4146:
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4126:
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4106:
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4096:
4091:
4089:Levitin effect
4086:
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4061:
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4009:Absolute pitch
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3919:
3918:
3912:Daniel Levitin
3909:
3897:
3892:
3883:
3878:
3862:
3861:External links
3859:
3856:
3855:
3850:New York Times
3840:
3822:
3796:
3775:
3757:
3742:
3737:Globe and Mail
3727:
3709:
3700:"Best Sellers"
3691:
3682:"Best Sellers"
3673:
3647:
3621:
3595:
3570:
3545:
3526:
3501:
3475:
3453:
3425:
3412:The New Yorker
3398:
3387:
3361:
3350:
3325:
3304:
3259:
3248:
3222:
3213:
3195:
3170:
3167:. May 5, 1974.
3155:
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3130:
3105:
3086:
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2991:
2973:
2952:(4): 414–423.
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2313:
2294:The Royal Scam
2271:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2221:Diane Nalini,
2219:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2185:(6): 927–935.
2170:
2121:
2068:
2042:(4): 179–193.
2027:
2001:(6): 548–567.
1984:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1952:New York Times
1943:
1940:New York Times
1931:
1925:
1919:
1911:
1908:
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1801:The Royal Scam
1797:
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1770:
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1741:
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1725:
1719:
1712:
1709:
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1687:
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1669:
1662:
1648:
1647:
1571:poorly sourced
1544:
1542:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1501:Margaret Boden
1496:Start the Week
1459:Bobby McFerrin
1430:
1427:
1397:
1394:
1381:New York Times
1359:New York Times
1335:New York Times
1287:New York Times
1267:The New Yorker
1210:
1209:Writing career
1207:
1142:The Carpenters
973:
972:
951:
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850:
849:
841:
840:
838:Daniel Levitin
837:
831:
828:
770:Jessie Farrell
738:Rodney Crowell
726:Bobby McFerrin
690:
687:
660:Robin Williams
645:Levitin Effect
618:John R. Pierce
610:Michael Posner
505:
502:
454:sound designer
435:Paul McCartney
382:absolute pitch
305:New York Times
301:neuroscientist
280:
279:
263:
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237:John R. Pierce
233:Michael Posner
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140:(published as
108:Levitin effect
105:
104:Known for
101:
100:
81:
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73:
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68:
58:
44:
40:
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36:
28:
27:
24:
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4557:Living people
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4471:Sandra Trehub
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4451:Roger Shepard
4449:
4447:
4444:
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4441:Carl Seashore
4439:
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4426:James Mursell
4424:
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4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4381:Tuomas Eerola
4379:
4377:
4376:Diana Deutsch
4374:
4372:
4371:Irène Deliège
4369:
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4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
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4340:
4334:
4333:Zoomusicology
4331:
4329:
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4324:
4321:
4319:
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4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
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4283:Music therapy
4281:
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4269:
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4264:
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4238:
4237:Tone deafness
4235:
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4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
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4217:Beat deafness
4215:
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4210:
4208:
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4109:Mozart effect
4107:
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4097:
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4017:
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3998:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
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3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3966:Biomusicology
3964:
3963:
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3957:
3953:
3946:
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3927:
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3648:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3622:
3609:
3605:
3604:"Bestsellers"
3599:
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3579:"Bestsellers"
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3571:
3559:
3555:
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3530:
3527:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3502:
3489:
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3476:
3464:
3461:Feuer, Alan.
3457:
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3429:
3426:
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3413:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3396:
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3375:
3371:
3365:
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3359:
3354:
3351:
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3329:
3326:
3318:September 14,
3314:
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3149:9780452288522
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3115:
3109:
3106:
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3087:
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3005:
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2901:9781524744199
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2367:
2363:
2360:
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2353:Rhythm Riot,
2352:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2332:Chris Isaak,
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2302:Pretzel Logic
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2272:
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2259:
2255:
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2167:
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2159:
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2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
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1987:
1986:
1982:
1977:
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1972:
1969:
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1964:
1961:
1960:
1956:
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1941:
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1904:
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1820:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1808:
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1798:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1789:Pretzel Logic
1786:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1755:Stevie Wonder
1753:
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1750:
1746:
1742:
1739:
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1733:
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1598:
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1591: –
1590:
1586:
1585:Find sources:
1579:
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1557:
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1440:
1439:CBC Radio One
1436:
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1420:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1395:
1393:
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1377:
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1370:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1356:
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1347:
1346:Seed Magazine
1342:
1341:
1340:Boston Herald
1336:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1308:
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1296:
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1250:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1203:The Mentalist
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1158:Joni Mitchell
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1120:Stevie Wonder
1117:
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1111:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1065:Pray for Rain
1062:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1051:Grateful Dead
1048:
1044:
1043:Modern Lovers
1040:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
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989:
988:Pretzel Logic
984:
980:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
952:
948:
944:
938:
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931:
929:Instrument(s)
927:
923:
921:Occupation(s)
919:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
889:San Francisco
888:
884:
880:(age 66)
870:
866:
862:
856:
851:
847:
842:
835:
829:
827:
825:
821:
820:Renée Fleming
817:
816:Just A Memory
813:
812:Victor Wooten
809:
804:
802:
801:Joni Mitchell
798:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
778:Renée Fleming
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
750:Victor Wooten
747:
743:
742:Michael Brook
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
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711:
706:
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699:sessions for
697:
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669:
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656:San Francisco
653:
648:
646:
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631:
627:
623:
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602:Roger Shepard
599:
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584:, and at the
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:Sonia Levitin
515:
514:Lloyd Levitin
512:, the son of
511:
510:San Francisco
503:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
482:Michael Brook
479:
478:Stevie Wonder
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
456:on albums by
455:
450:
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267:daniellevitin
264:
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229:Roger Shepard
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4502:Musicophilia
4500:
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4456:John Sloboda
4436:Oliver Sacks
4410:
4406:Fred Lerdahl
4258:Bioacoustics
4184:Tonal memory
4169:Shepard tone
3903:
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3488:The Guardian
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3468:November 15,
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3439:The Atlantic
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2340:
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2316:
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1998:
1994:
1973:
1965:
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1939:
1933:
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1885:
1880:Gold Medal,
1875:
1874:, 1985, for
1846:Midnight Oil
1830:Steely Dan,
1823:Steely Dan,
1817:Steely Dan,
1811:Steely Dan,
1805:Steely Dan,
1799:Steely Dan,
1793:Steely Dan,
1787:Steely Dan,
1781:Steely Dan,
1764:Eric Clapton
1735:
1716:Gemini Award
1694:
1655:Donner Prize
1636:
1627:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1584:
1573:
1556:verification
1549:
1521:
1511:
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1470:
1462:
1454:
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1432:
1419:Led Zeppelin
1412:
1403:The Listener
1401:
1399:
1390:Sunday Times
1389:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1352:
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1324:The Guardian
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1273:The Atlantic
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790:Tom Brosseau
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754:Steve Bailey
730:Rosanne Cash
715:
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649:
638:
598:Molly Potter
530:Palos Verdes
507:
466:Joe Satriani
451:
449:and others.
430:
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412:
406:
400:
398:
390:neuroanatomy
315:
308:
304:
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283:
252:Susan Rogers
248:Regina Nuzzo
184:Institutions
159:
144:in the U.K.)
141:
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4552:1957 births
4461:Carl Stumpf
4391:David Huron
4343:Researchers
4049:Entrainment
3446:January 14,
3256:415 Records
3031:McGill News
2392:Filmography
2355:Rhythm Riot
2214:J.D. Buhl,
2209:Discography
1954:bestseller)
1855:Chris Isaak
1732:Quill Award
1513:Brain Games
1491:BBC Radio 4
1435:commentator
1307:Quill Award
1134:(2003) and
1112:(1997) and
1096:(1992) and
1069:M.C. Hammer
1017:415 Records
1001:golden ears
954:415 Records
774:David Byrne
590:Susan Carey
546:415 Records
462:Chris Isaak
423:(2016) and
72:Nationality
4546:Categories
4446:Max Schoen
4396:Nina Kraus
4356:Lola Cuddy
4293:Musicology
3588:August 31,
3563:August 31,
3520:2008-08-16
3380:August 31,
2757:August 22,
2731:January 1,
2534:References
2274:Steely Dan
1773:Steely Dan
1689:Finalist,
1653:Finalist,
1600:newspapers
1477:Jared Leto
1415:Jimmy Page
1408:Colm Feore
1303:Book Prize
1078:, several
1049:, and the
1021:Sony Music
983:Steely Dan
962:Sony Music
874:1957-12-27
859:Birth name
808:Turnaround
782:Neil Young
766:Lenny Kaye
758:Peter Case
746:Gary Lucas
722:Ben Sidran
682:Dan Piraro
574:Paul Allen
474:Steely Dan
318:psychology
274:levitinlab
64:California
49:1957-12-27
4199:Disorders
3789:April 10,
3752:Billboard
3634:Prweb.com
3494:April 30,
3338:newsounds
3183:Mcgill.ca
3079:August 6,
2920:PsychTree
2807:DĂ©couvrir
2690:Maclean's
2564:Billboard
2482:PBS Nova
2327:Unplugged
2315:kd lang,
2298:Katy Lied
2216:Remind Me
1995:Neurocase
1837:K.d. lang
1795:Katy Lied
1768:Unplugged
1747:gold and
1730:Nominee,
1552:citations
1444:Freestyle
1241:Billboard
1216:Billboard
1179:MoodLogic
1148:(2002),
1098:k.d. lang
1093:Unplugged
979:subwoofer
911:folk rock
705:True West
696:Mel Tormé
580:, at the
556:first at
522:Daly City
3815:June 30,
3666:June 30,
3640:June 30,
3614:June 30,
3608:The Star
3293:cite web
3283:July 18,
3241:July 18,
3188:June 30,
3123:March 1,
3073:Archived
2986:Cerebrum
2827:July 28,
2725:Allmusic
2659:15346652
2651:15639438
2551:. Wylie.
2507:Artifact
2423:Repo Man
2366:Repo Man
2359:Drifters
2166:26027821
2158:16809545
2117:18723676
2064:14608078
2056:23541122
2015:27687156
1714:Winner,
1693:(2006),
1682:(2016),
1678:Winner,
1664:Winner,
1657:(2017),
1630:May 2019
1578:libelous
1472:Artifact
1289:and the
1199:AT&T
1183:Allmusic
1076:AT&T
1060:Repo Man
1041:and the
1027:classic
1005:Dolby AC
899:new wave
710:Repo Man
668:Jay Leno
508:Born in
443:Bob Weir
429:(2020).
417:(2014),
411:(2008),
405:(2006),
368:, and a
334:Montreal
293:polymath
4268:Hearing
4039:Earworm
3418:June 5,
3343:July 4,
2968:7984397
2317:Ingénue
2201:8768187
2138:Bibcode
2130:Science
2108:2527952
2085:Bibcode
2023:3985554
1900:, 1994.
1841:Ingenue
1614:scholar
1437:on the
1343:and by
1315:and by
1103:Ingénue
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1013:A&R
915:country
818:" with
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262:Website
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3769:,
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2925:May 5,
2898:
2873:May 6,
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2413:Notes
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2282:Decade
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1197:, and
1193:, for
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950:Labels
897:Rock,
894:Genres
886:Origin
799:, and
772:, and
724:, and
632:, and
596:, and
528:, and
526:Moraga
496:, and
480:, and
464:, and
392:, and
338:Quebec
166:Fields
149:Awards
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3959:Areas
2655:S2CID
2627:(PDF)
2524:Self
2512:Self
2502:2012
2469:2009
2453:1998
2435:1997
2418:1984
2410:Role
2407:Film
2404:Year
2399:Film
2162:S2CID
2060:S2CID
2019:S2CID
1910:Books
1621:JSTOR
1607:books
1467:Sting
1441:show
1291:Globe
1163:Shine
718:Sting
689:Music
658:with
639:As a
326:music
3916:IMDb
3817:2019
3791:2010
3668:2019
3642:2019
3616:2019
3590:2014
3565:2014
3496:2010
3470:2007
3448:2013
3420:2020
3382:2014
3345:2019
3320:2006
3299:link
3285:2024
3243:2020
3190:2019
3144:ISBN
3125:2019
3100:Time
3081:2024
3016:2011
2964:PMID
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2896:ISBN
2875:2021
2829:2013
2759:2011
2733:2013
2647:PMID
2448:PBS
2278:Gold
2197:PMID
2154:PMID
2113:PMID
2052:PMID
2011:PMID
1745:RIAA
1722:Hugo
1593:news
1554:for
1417:and
1321:and
1295:Mail
1293:and
1025:punk
1015:for
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903:punk
868:Born
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670:and
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289:FRSC
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3809:BBC
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