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321:), but that he should limit spending on Indian affairs. Like his predecessor, however, he quickly found that maintaining relations with Native American allies in the region was expensive and difficult to control. Every summer, approximately 4,000 Indians would arrived at Mackinac Island to trade with the British. They had grown accustomed to a certain level of British hospitality, and Robertson felt compelled to distribute gifts to them rather than anger such a large group.
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426:. Robertson was said to have entertained his fellow officers at his summer house, where they enjoyed smoking pipes and cigars, and drinking wine. However, after a few years, part of the cliff including the summer house collapsed to the base of the rocks, leaving a mass of debris on the beach. For over a century, the cliff was called "Robertson's Folly" but eventually became known as "Robinson's Folly," a corruption of Robertson's name.
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On 16 November 1787, Captain
Robertson also emancipated his slave Hilaire Lamour as a reward for his "25 years of true and faithful service." Robertson had bought him in Martinique during the Seven Years' War. However, Robertson insisted that Lamour had to pay for the release of his wife Catherine.
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On 3 December 1787, Lamour paid
Robertson £100 for Catherine – the highest recorded price for a female slave in Montreal. Lamour most likely borrowed money to raise the sum, which meant that Catherine technically became her husband's slave and subject to seizure by his creditors in payment of his
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and spread the word that peace between the
British and the American colonies was imminent, and that the Indians should end any inter-tribal hostilities. Robertson also sought to discourage their allies from coming to Michilimackinac, so that he would not have to continue supplying them with food,
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as prisoners during the
American Revolutionary War. According to one of their grandchildren, they were probably then sold to Indian traders at Mackinac. After arriving at Mackinac, Captain Robertson retained them as slaves and wrote that he refused to return them to "a set of Spanish rascals."
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in
Montreal. Through the 1760s, he was a highly active magistrate. In 1768, he served as a member of the grand jury at Montreal and was publicly commended by the other members for "your just and spirited Behaviour as a Magistrate and your indefatigable Care to bring Offenders to Justice."
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Between 1763 and 1773, they had four children who survived to adulthood, including daughters
Margaret, Charlotte and Elizabeth, and a son named John. Marie-Louise died in 1773. Their daughter Margaret Robertson married Montreal businessman Daniel Sutherland in 1781.
504:. He invested in developing his land to attract settlers. By 1804, there were 43 families comprising 170 people living on his properties. In 1806, he gave 96 acres of land to Anglican missionary Richard Bradford for the establishment of a church in the area.
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Upon learning that
Mackinac Island would become part of the United States, Robertson grew concerned that he would need to evacuate the fort. In 1784, Robertson and McBeath searched for a new site for a British post on the north shore of
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Due to his declining health, in
December 1809, Robertson went to live with his daughter Margaret and Daniel Sutherland. He died on 5 April 1810 in Montreal and was buried with military honours at the Scotch Presbyterian Church.
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Before leaving
Michilimackinac in 1787, Robertson freed Jean and Marie-Jeanne Bonga, who became well known tavern keepers on Mackinac Island. Their children and grandchildren went on to become successful in the
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from invasion by the
Americans. The fort surrendered on 3 November 1775, and Robertson was taken to Connecticut as a prisoner. Following a prisoner exchange, he returned to the 84th Regiment in early 1777.
62:, also known as the "Black Watch," and was present at the British capture of Montreal in 1760, as well as the invasion of Martinique in 1762. During the American Revolutionary War, he was an officer in the
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As the newly appointed commandant, Robertson received strict instructions to curtail expenses. He was informed that spending was permitted on completing the new Fort Michilimackinac (later referred to as
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However, as disputes over the exact location of the Canadian border continued, the British decided against abandoning Mackinac Island, which would remain under British rule for 13 years following the
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In 1784, Matchekewis returned to the fort on Mackinac Island to collect his annual distribution of supplies and was angered when Robertson refused, denouncing the deceitfulness of the British.
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66:, another regiment of Scots known as the Royal Highland Emigrants. In 1779, he was appointed commandant of Fort Osgewatchie and oversaw Native American raids on American settlements on the
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However, he eventually became entangled in local politics around merchant disputes with the military, and was also accused of leading a campaign against his fellow justice
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However, Robertson's financial situation was precarious. In 1802, 1804 and 1806, Sheriff Edward William Gray seized much of Robertson's property in Chatham and on the
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According to local legend, Captain Daniel Robertson built a small summer house on an overhanging cliff at the southeast corner of Mackinac Island, now called
388:, Ontario to Governor Haldimand and also suggested engaging his son-in-law, Montreal merchant Daniel Sutherland, to supply building materials for a new fort.
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After leaving the 42nd Regiment, Daniel Robertson practiced medicine in Montreal and was one of the few British represented in the professions in Montreal.
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After his return to Montreal, Robertson was promoted to the rank of major in the British Army in 1790. In February 1793, he was appointed captain in the
492:, an exclusive gentlemen's club for fur traders in Montreal. In 1799, he was reappointed as justice of the peace, but appears not to have been active.
395:. In 1784, Robertson was succeeded as commandant by Lieutenant George Clowes, and was placed on half pay. He applied unsuccessfully for the position of
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230:, Daniel Robertson became a major in the Montreal militia. On 14 June 1775, he was appointed captain-lieutenant of the 1st Battalion of the
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In 1760 or 1761, Daniel Robertson married Marie-Louise RĂ©aume, the young widow of Joseph Fournerie de VĂ©zon. His wife came from a prominent
77:). He freed his black slaves, Jean Bonga and Marie-Jeanne Bonga, before leaving Mackinac Island for Montreal in 1787. "Robinson's Folly" at
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285:. Robertson was accompanied by his son-in-law, as well as a committee of three men investigating the expenses of Lieutenant Governor
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Between 1785 and 1787, Robertson secured several land grants for his daughters Charlotte and Elizabeth, as well as James Grant,
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On 18 September 1782, Sinclair left to settle his financial affairs, and Robertson formally assumed the post of commandant.
265:. After the successful raid, he secured a commission for his son-in-law Daniel Sutherland as an ensign under his command.
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93:, Scotland. In April 1754, he was appointed as a surgeon's mate in the 42nd Regiment of Foot. The regiment was sent to
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and became a lieutenant-colonel in March 1794. He finally advanced to the rank of colonel on 1 January 1798.
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for Michilimackinac, but remained at Mackinac Island until the summer of 1787, when he returned to Montreal.
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In 1779, Robertson was appointed commandant at Fort Osgewatchie, a small British post near present-day
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and was accused of extravagance in distributing supplies to maintain British relations with the local
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By 1806, Robertson had acquired over 5,000 acres of land in Chatham Township on the east bank of the
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This article is about the military officer. For other people named Daniel Robertson, see
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851:"Relations between Negroes and Indians within the present limits of the United States"
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debt. Hilaire finally succeeded in emancipating Catherine Lamour on 26 December 1787.
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In June 1782, Robertson led an attack that destroyed two mills and five houses on the
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on Mackinac Island was originally called "Robertson's Folly" after Captain Robertson.
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From 1782, Robertson served as commandant of Fort Michilimackinac (later known as
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511:. In 1810, Bradford purchased a further 3,000 acres from Robertson's estate.
218:. Robertson and other British justices in Montreal ceased to act after 1770.
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254:. He oversaw Native American Indian raids on American settlements in the
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Mackinac Island: Historic Frontier, Vacation Resort, Timeless Wonderland
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In the summer of 1763, Robertson went with his regiment to relieve
810:. Mackinac Island, Michigan: John W. Davis & Son. p. 42.
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705:. Portage, Indiana: Bryce-Waterton Publications. p. 63.
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In September 1783, Robertson sent Jean Baptiste Cadotte and
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Done with Slavery: The Black Fact in Montreal, 1760 – 1840
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In 1793, Robertson was elected an honorary member of the
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British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War
773:. Menominee, Michigan: Herald Leader Press. p. 106.
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Robertson was present at the capture of Montreal in 1760
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in 1762, the 42nd Regiment returned to the mainland.
628:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 102.
289:. Sinclair had started construction of a new fort on
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sent Captain Daniel Robertson to the British post at
384:. Robertson recommended a location near present-day
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British Army personnel of the French and Indian War
678:Montreal 1535-1914 – Under British Rule 1760–1914
237:His company was sent to defend Fort St. Johns at
883:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 142.
681:. Montreal: The S. J. Clarke Publishing Company.
58:, Canada. Born in Scotland, he first joined the
838:. Saint Paul: Pioneer Press Company. p. 5.
234:, also known as the Royal Highland Emigrants.
105:. In July 1756, Robertson received the rank of
977:British Army personnel of the Seven Years' War
957:Scottish emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec
8:
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352:to broker peace between the Ojibwe and the
42:1733 – 5 April 1810) was an officer in the
790:History of Cheboygan and Mackinac Counties
170:, Robertson left the army and returned to
942:Military personnel from Perth and Kinross
753:. University of Toronto/Université Laval.
734:. University of Toronto/Université Laval.
604:. University of Toronto/Université Laval.
787:Robinson, George; Sprague, R.A. (1873).
770:Old Fort Mackinac on the Hill of History
751:Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 5
732:Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 5
657:. University of Toronto/Université Laval
655:Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 6
602:Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 5
418:Robertson's Folly (now Robinson's Folly)
332:to visit Native American leaders around
97:in June 1756 and was first stationed at
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861:(3): 360 – via Internet Archive.
835:Some Facts in the History of Minnesota
793:. Detroit: Union Job Printing Company.
312:Mission Point beach at Mackinac Island
206:In 1765, Robertson was appointed as a
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155:. The 42nd Regiment fought in the
16:British military officer in Canada
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962:King's Royal Rifle Corps officers
910:Dictionary of Canadian Biography,
413:Robinson's Folly, Mackinac Island
947:British Army regimental surgeons
849:Porter, Kenneth W. (July 1932).
675:Atherton, William Henry (1914).
330:Charles-Michel Mouet de Langlade
166:Following the conclusion of the
130:purchased the rank of lieutenant
952:British people of Pontiac's War
832:Neill, Edward Duffield (1888).
626:Magistrates, Police, and People
324:In April 1783, he commissioned
132:in the British Army. After the
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937:42nd Regiment of Foot officers
128:in 1762. On 29 April 1762, he
126:British invasion of Martinique
120:Robertson participated in the
30:Daniel Robertson (c.1804–1808)
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367:Mackinac Island after the war
159:under the command of Colonel
89:Daniel Robertson was born in
855:The Journal of Negro History
430:Relationship to Bonga family
273:On 13 August 1782, General
178:Family and life in Montreal
147:, which was under siege by
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804:Kelton, Dwight H. (1893).
360:. They were unsuccessful.
228:American Revolutionary War
222:American Revolutionary War
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987:Canadian Militia officers
745:Armour, David A. (1983).
726:Armour, David A. (1983).
596:Armour, David A. (1983).
406:, and Margaret McBeath.
453:North American fur trade
239:Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
807:Annals of Fort Mackinac
767:Andrews, Roger (1938).
464:Release of other slaves
269:Post at Michilimackinac
879:Mackey, Frank (2010).
649:Momryk, Myron (1987).
624:Fyson, Donald (2006).
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699:Lach, Pamela (1988).
483:60th Regiment of Foot
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85:Early military career
64:84th Regiment of Foot
60:42nd Regiment of Foot
54:, and a landowner in
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651:"SUTHERLAND, DANIEL"
477:Promotion to colonel
256:Mohawk Valley region
252:Ogdensburg, New York
226:At the start of the
208:justice of the peace
103:Province of New York
728:"SINCLAIR, PATRICK"
598:"ROBERTSON, DANIEL"
375:Fort Mackinac today
275:Frederick Haldimand
157:Battle of Bushy Run
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141:Fort Pitt
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