469:
846:
104:
121:
1978:
1614:
536:
1734:
2192:
90:
455:
427:
522:
1433:
483:
413:
1747:
2177:
1258:) (1849–1918): This is the name of all the individual parts of the Austrian Empire (1849–1867), and then of Austria-Hungary from 1867 on. The Kingdom of Hungary (more exactly the Lands of the Hungarian Crown) was not considered a "crownland" anymore after the establishment of Austria-Hungary in 1867, so that the "crownlands" became identical with what was called the Kingdoms and Lands represented in the Imperial Council (
1441:
441:
1074:
2040:
was set up. In this system, the
Kingdom of Hungary ("Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen.") was an equal sovereign with only a personal union and a joint foreign and military policy connecting it to the other Habsburg lands. Although the non-Hungarian Habsburg lands were referred to as
1992:
Within the early modern
Habsburg monarchy, each entity was governed according to its own particular customs. Until the mid 17th century, not all of the provinces were even necessarily ruled by the same person—junior members of the family often ruled portions of the Hereditary Lands as private
1711:, one part of the territories that were administered by the former medieval Kingdom of Hungary came under Habsburg administration, with some other areas being acquired in 1718 (some of the territories that were part of medieval kingdom, notably those in the south of the
2001:
in the mid to late 18th century, but many of these were abandoned following large scale resistance to Joseph's more radical reform attempts, although a more cautious policy of centralization continued during the revolutionary period and the
1125:
of Italy) became extinct in 1700. The
Austrian branch (which also ruled the Holy Roman Empire, Hungary and Bohemia) was itself divided between different branches of the family from 1564 until 1665, but thereafter it remained a single
1496:
caused disruptions where many parts of the
Hereditary lands were lost, but all these, along with the former Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg, which had previously been temporarily annexed between 1805 and 1809, were recovered at the
6349:
717:, Hungary, Bohemia and various other lands) was itself split into different branches in 1564 but reunited 101 years later. It became extinct in the male line in 1740, but continued through the female line as the
6375:
6401:
783:, the terms "Austria" or "Austrians" are frequently used as shorthand for the Habsburg monarchy since the 18th century. From 1438 to 1806, the rulers of the House of Habsburg almost continuously reigned as
2064:, the Austrian territories collapsed under the weight of the various ethnic independence movements that came to the fore with its defeat in World War I. After its dissolution, the new republics of
6435:
103:
1965:
The boundaries of some of these territories varied over the period indicated, and others were ruled by a subordinate (secundogeniture) Habsburg line. The
Habsburgs also held the title of
7789:
791:
were mostly self-governing and are thus not considered to have been part of the
Habsburg monarchy. Hence, the Habsburg monarchy (of the Austrian branch) is often called "Austria" by
7779:
2054:
724:
The
Habsburg monarchy was a union of crowns, with only partial shared laws and institutions other than the Habsburg court itself; the provinces were divided in three groups: the
7774:
1214:): This was the official name of the new Habsburg empire created in 1804, after the end of the Holy Roman Empire. The English word empire refers to a territory ruled by an
120:
756:
lands. The territorial possessions of the monarchy were thus united only by virtue of a common monarch. The
Habsburg realms were unified in 1804 with the formation of the
980:
At this point, the
Habsburg possessions were so vast that Charles V was constantly travelling throughout his dominions and therefore needed deputies and regents, such as
685:, and thus came to rule the Habsburg empire at its greatest territorial extent. The abdication of Charles V in 1556 led to a division within the dynasty between his son
7824:
1958:
7784:
2375:
1703:, while the Habsburg administration was restricted to the western and northern territories of the former kingdom, which remained to be officially referred as the
2013:. For the first time, ministers tried to transform the monarchy into a centralized bureaucratic state ruled from Vienna. The Kingdom of Hungary was placed under
1940:
1822:
1700:
702:
7198:
6992:
Goleșteanu-Jacobs, Raluca (2023), Habsburg
Galicia and the Romanian Kingdom Sociocultural Development, 1866–1914, Poland-Transnational Histories, Routledge
1409:
were also included (from 1526; definitively from 1620/27) in the Hereditary Lands. The term was replaced by the term "Crownlands" (see above) in the 1849
7055:
7171:
Habsburg in an email discussion list dealing with the culture and history of the Habsburg Monarchy and its successor states in central Europe since 1500
6427:
2010:
5522:
1289:
finally became Austrian in 1816 after the Napoleonic wars; before that it was ruled by the prince-archbishops of Salzburg as a sovereign territory.
1557:
1886:
1766:
5650:
5635:
845:
474:
7038:
7017:
6895:
6873:
6854:
6771:
6744:
6717:
6540:
6476:
5809:
5537:
5302:
5272:
985:
7769:
7764:
2017:, being divided into a series of military districts, the centralized neo-absolutism tried to as well to nullify Hungary's constitution and
818:
6668:
6490:
2049:) and ministries, as their official name – the "Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council". When Bosnia and Herzegovina was
7713:
5620:
5182:
2033:
1266:
1197:
761:
7567:
1704:
694:
488:
6644:
6617:
6607:
5925:
4398:
2368:
2022:
89:
6577:
6947:
5605:
4831:
4800:
3908:
2248:
2224:
2200:
2180:
1419:
also included many small territories that were principalities, duchies or counties in other parts of the Holy Roman Empire, such as
192:
803:
came into use as a term of convenience. Within the empire alone, the vast possessions included the original Hereditary Lands, the
7698:
7293:
5895:
5257:
4072:
2242:
2206:
1928:
1866:
1286:
1047:
938:
666:
204:
6634:
2162:
The so-called "Habsburg monarchs" or "Habsburg emperors" held many different titles and ruled each kingdom separately through a
1918:
1832:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7723:
7326:
7191:
6957:—— (May 2020). "Remembering the Fall of the Habsburg Monarchy One Hundred Years on: Three Master Interpretations".
5197:
4854:
4582:
2218:
1981:
1637:
993:
690:
240:
497:
399:
7510:
7343:
7281:
6149:
5287:
5212:
3938:
3923:
2299:
2293:
2266:
2129:
2061:
1324:
288:
7718:
7627:
6512:
5910:
5137:
4503:
3744:
2361:
2287:
2254:
2230:
2212:
2003:
1998:
1722:
1542:
1445:
1135:
1059:
966:
698:
674:
276:
216:
95:
1758:
Over the course of its history, other lands were, at times, under Austrian Habsburg rule (some of these territories were
6134:
5167:
3471:
2504:
2260:
2236:
2057:), it was not incorporated into either half of the monarchy. Instead, it was governed by the joint Ministry of Finance.
1456:
The territories ruled by the Austrian monarchy changed over the centuries, but the core always consisted of four blocs:
1410:
460:
312:
1977:
7677:
7672:
7288:
5242:
3706:
3507:
3440:
2133:
1946:
1860:
1629:
1613:
1406:
810:
446:
1105:
Charles V divided the House in 1556 by ceding Austria along with the Imperial crown to Ferdinand (as decided at the
7759:
7733:
7728:
7184:
5152:
5107:
3670:
3412:
3088:
3073:
2854:
2280:
2109:
2065:
2046:
1695:– two-thirds of the former territory that was administered by the medieval Kingdom of Hungary was conquered by the
1489:
1297:
1139:
1055:
1042:
in 1526. Bohemia and Hungary became hereditary Habsburg domains only in the 17th century: Following victory in the
1039:
861:
769:
718:
529:
109:
1708:
7819:
7703:
7457:
7418:
6464:
5227:
2311:
2157:
1900:
1485:
1293:
1035:
919:
7082:
6935:
6394:
6368:
6342:
4041:
3685:
3427:
2272:
2069:
1733:
1043:
1031:
1027:
773:
7052:
1924:
7829:
7708:
7366:
3721:
2191:
2121:
1608:
1106:
7532:
7361:
6786:
2343:
2305:
2145:
2141:
2105:
2101:
2081:
1648:
1301:
1026:, Archduke Ferdinand (who was his brother-in-law by virtue of an adoption treaty signed by Maximilian and
958:
946:
7612:
3118:
2137:
2085:
1336:
962:
7477:
7667:
7662:
7602:
7537:
7442:
7173:, with discussions, syllabi, book reviews, queries, conferences; edited daily by scholars since 1994.
3877:
2330:
1952:
1808:
1802:
1671:
1504:
1362:
1232:), 1867–1918: This name was commonly used in international relations, although the official name was
981:
970:
814:
725:
670:
6183:
1567:(although the Bishoprics of Trent and Brixen dominated what would become the South Tyrol before 1803
7632:
7562:
7505:
7422:
7248:
6537:
5824:
5122:
4197:
3037:
2820:
2635:
2026:
1912:
1826:
1796:
1772:
1118:
1019:
1015:
950:
927:
911:
857:
853:
710:
654:
502:
252:
180:
7141:
2104:
between 1765 and 1801, and again from 1814 to 1859. While exiled from Tuscany, this line ruled at
1432:
1361:– 1849/1918): In a narrower sense these were the "original" Habsburg territories, principally the
1319:
river is the state-border between Upper- and Lower Austria). Upper Austria was enlarged after the
7738:
7642:
7426:
7378:
7373:
7276:
7266:
7223:
7215:
6974:
6308:
6259:
6221:
5507:
4761:
4485:
4405:
3103:
3052:
2073:
1966:
1692:
1657:
1653:
1643:
1640:, later Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I, as king in 1526. Initially consisting of the five lands:
1618:
1551:
1531:
1498:
1378:
1114:
931:
903:
887:
850:
822:
784:
686:
658:
228:
6660:
6574:
7109:
Austria-Hungary and the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
6707:
7814:
7617:
7572:
7552:
7542:
7432:
7414:
7383:
7316:
7233:
7207:
7034:
7013:
6943:
6891:
6869:
6850:
6767:
6740:
6734:
6713:
6693:
6640:
6613:
6482:
6472:
6456:
2446:
2383:
2317:
2170:
1934:
1906:
1880:
1854:
1838:
1790:
1751:
1727:
1570:
1536:
1449:
1386:
1320:
1087:
907:
869:
788:
739:
714:
678:
631:
144:
6816:
6761:
7607:
7522:
7467:
7437:
7388:
7348:
7331:
7321:
7256:
7228:
6966:
6914:
3338:
2077:
1844:
1661:
1342:
942:
923:
915:
899:
865:
764:. The monarchy began to fracture in the face of inevitable defeat during the final years of
662:
2072:
were created. In the peace settlement that followed, significant territories were ceded to
7647:
7622:
7410:
7393:
7238:
7149:
7059:
6544:
6330:
6246:
3366:
2117:
2037:
2018:
1985:
1784:
1759:
1746:
1575:
1564:
1547:
1526:
1493:
1420:
1394:
1370:
1237:
1225:
1221:
1207:
1203:
1185:
1174:
1067:
1063:
891:
757:
749:
744:
735:
515:
432:
69:
2009:
Another attempt at centralization began in 1849 following the suppression of the various
7135:
7078:(Yale University Press, 2002), comparisons with Russian, British, & Ottoman empires.
2176:
937:
The Habsburgs grew to European prominence as a result of the dynastic policy pursued by
7597:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7557:
7547:
7462:
7405:
7298:
7261:
7069:
7007:
7003:
6828:
Stefan Zweig, l'autore del più famoso libro sull'Impero asburgico, Die Welt von Gestern
3133:
2184:
2163:
2089:
2050:
1778:
1696:
1163:
1127:
1110:
1078:
1023:
974:
954:
826:
780:
682:
639:
578:
418:
53:
31:
7155:
The Habsburg monarchy, 1809–1918: a history of the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary
6804:
The Habsburg monarchy, 1809–1918: a history of the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary
1357:) or German Hereditary Lands (in the Austrian monarchy) or Austrian Hereditary Lands (
7753:
7693:
7492:
7153:
7028:
6978:
6581:
6513:"Austro-Hungarian Empire k.u.k. Monarchy dual-monarchic Habsburg Emperors of Austria"
6216:
4402:
2080:
and the remainder of the monarchy's territory was shared out among the new states of
1994:
1738:
1682:
1677:
1633:
1521:
1514:
1509:
1481:
1312:
1308:
1131:
989:
730:
706:
264:
1660:
in 1740–1742 and the remnants which stayed under Habsburg sovereignty were ruled as
7652:
7482:
7353:
7271:
2113:
1892:
1440:
1316:
1193:
873:
713:, and lands in Italy) became extinct in 1700. The Austrian branch (which ruled the
334:
300:
6736:
The Rebirth of the Habsburg Army: Friedrich Beck and the Rise of the General Staff
6428:"Quando il 13 dicembre l'imperatore Francesco restituì a Venezia i suoi 4 cavalli"
1170:) came into use around 1700 as a term of convenience for the Habsburg territories.
7637:
7515:
7500:
7472:
7308:
6883:
2014:
1501:
1815, with the exception of Further Austria. The Hereditary provinces included:
1358:
1273:). The Bohemian (Czech) Lands were called "Lands of the St. Wenceslaus' Crown" (
1130:. It became extinct in the male line in 1740, but through the marriage of Queen
1122:
895:
765:
339:
329:
6573:"Czech Republic – Historic Centre of Prague (1992)" Heindorffhus, August 2007,
6516:
1054:(1627/1628) that established hereditary succession over Bohemia. Following the
17:
7400:
6970:
1816:
1581:
1477:
1402:
1328:
1251:
606:
1155:): this is an unofficial umbrella term, very frequently used, but was not an
7447:
7115:
1332:
1247:
6430:[On December 13, Emperor Francis returned the 4 Horses to Venice].
1896:
898:, which was built by Radbot. After 1279, the Habsburgs came to rule in the
653:
The history of the Habsburg monarchy can be traced back to the election of
7657:
7452:
6468:
2125:
1592:
1588:
1465:
1156:
1096:
1008:
1004:
997:
890:, who was born in the late 10th century; the family name originated with
878:
805:
792:
627:
590:
570:
404:
156:
914:
of the Habsburg family assigned the Duchy of Austria to his sons at the
7527:
7338:
1874:
1812:
1667:
1600:
1473:
1461:
1215:
626:, was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other
602:
598:
586:
574:
566:
558:
554:
6866:
Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte: Vom Alten Reich bis Weimar (1495–1934)
1870:
1716:
1596:
1584:(actually a collection of provinces, only united in the 19th century)
834:
830:
753:
594:
582:
134:
7176:
6636:
The Holy Roman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]
1073:
673:
through marriage. Both realms passed to his grandson and successor,
6486:
2190:
2175:
2068:(the German-Austrian territories of the Hereditary lands) and the
1976:
1745:
1732:
1612:
1469:
1439:
1431:
1072:
992:
in 1521, Emperor Charles V came to terms with his younger brother
844:
796:
562:
7170:
6940:
The Making of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1550–1700: An Interpretation
6289:
First ruler of the Austrian branch of a divided Habsburg dynasty.
1595:
and elsewhere in southwestern Germany lost in 1801 (although the
1460:
The Hereditary Lands, which covered most of the modern states of
6538:
https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/44386/Austria-Hungary
6280:
First ruler of the Spanish branch of a divided Habsburg dynasty.
1712:
1091:
922:". From that moment, the Habsburg dynasty was also known as the
7180:
7009:
In Quest and Crisis: Emperor Joseph I and the Habsburg Monarchy
1603:) which had formed a part of it had been lost as early as 1648)
125:
The Habsburg monarchy on the eve of the French Revolution, 1789
2341:
The decline of the Habsburg Empire is given in Stefan Zweig's
1070:
to establish hereditary succession in the Hungarian kingdom.
1011:, as a regent of Charles V in the Austrian hereditary lands.
2195:
Imperial throne of Austria, made for Emperor Franz Joseph I
1117:. The Spanish branch (which also held the Netherlands, the
988:
in the Low Countries, to govern his various realms. At the
977:
and its territories in 1516, and Habsburg Austria in 1519.
926:. Between 1438 and 1806, with few exceptions, the Habsburg
693:, who had served as his lieutenant and the elected king of
7126:
Stone, Norman. "The Last Days of the Habsburg Monarchy",
1993:
apanages. Serious attempts at centralization began under
6536:
Encyclopædia Britannica online article Austria-Hungary;
2036:
was arrived at, by which the so-called dual monarchy of
1448:'s death in 1790. The red line marks the borders of the
7120:
The Decline and Fall of the Habsburg Empire, 1815–1918
6987:
The Habsburg Monarchy, 1490–1848: Attributes of Empire
6763:
Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914: A–K
2041:"Austria", received their own central parliament (the
1181:) was an unofficial name often used contemporaneously.
768:
and ultimately disbanded with the proclamation of the
634:. From the 18th century it is also referred to as the
6440:
The Austrian flag in Venice during the Habsburg rule.
2032:
After experimentation in the early 1860s, the famous
876:
for the 600th anniversary of the constitution of the
2128:'s second wife and the daughter of Austrian Emperor
2029:(1866), these policies were step by step abandoned.
1969:
between 1438 and 1740, and again from 1745 to 1806.
1937:(1848–1849) de facto entity, officially unrecognized
1260:
Die im Reichsrate vertretenen Königreiche und Länder
7686:
7491:
7307:
7247:
7214:
6455:Lott, Elizabeth S.; Pavlac, Brian A., eds. (2019).
6450:
6448:
6446:
550:
362:
352:
322:
306:
294:
282:
270:
258:
246:
234:
222:
210:
198:
186:
174:
162:
152:
140:
130:
39:
1762:, i.e. ruled by other lines of Habsburg dynasty):
886:The first Habsburg who can be reliably traced was
6888:The Habsburgs: The Rise and Fall of a World Power
6554:
6552:
6307:Last Holy Roman Emperor and, as Francis I, first
1988:, used between the years 1815–1866 and 1867–1915.
1754:against the incursions of the Ottoman Turks, 1756
1436:Growth of the Habsburg monarchy in central Europe
6461:The Holy Roman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia
1829:) and 1867 (Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867)
825:as well as conquests made at the expense of the
7790:1804 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
6826:
1959:Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina
1719:rivers, remained under Ottoman administration).
1265:The Hungarian parts of the empire were called "
821:. Outside the empire, they encompassed all the
969:, the son of Philip and Joanna, inherited the
7192:
7137:A short history of Austria-Hungary and Poland
6633:Pavlac, Brian A.; Lott, Elizabeth S. (2019).
2369:
1941:Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar
8:
7780:1526 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
7140:. Encyclopaedia Britannica Company. p.
6766:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 59–.
6558:
6271:Last monarch of a uniform House of Habsburg.
1269:" or "Lands of Holy (St.) Stephen's Crown" (
61:
7066:A History of the Habsburg Empire: 1526–1918
6928:A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1700–1918
6919:A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1273–1700
1003:of Worms (1521), confirmed a year later in
833:, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was in
45:
7775:States and territories established in 1526
7199:
7185:
7177:
7134:Steed, Henry Wickham; et al. (1914).
2376:
2362:
2354:
1617:Coronation of Maria Theresa in Pressburg,
949:into the Habsburg possessions. Their son,
119:
36:
7102:The Grand Strategy of the Habsburg Empire
7095:A History of the Habsburg Jews, 1670–1918
7076:Empire: The Russian empire and its rivals
1742:, symbolizing a Habsburg-dominated Europe
1468:, as well as territories in northeastern
7130:(Aug 1968), Vol. 18 Issue 8, pp. 551–560
7107:Oakes, Elizabeth and Eric Roman (2003).
2021:. Following the Habsburg defeats in the
817:from 1714 until 1794; and some fiefs in
7068:(University of California Press, 1974)
6689:
6569:
6567:
6438:from the original on 24 September 2021.
6419:
6320:Final monarch of the House of Habsburg.
6238:
6175:
1558:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
1307:Austria, historically, was split into "
110:Middle common coat of arms of 1866–1915
7825:Tributary states of the Ottoman Empire
6847:Austria's Wars of Emergence, 1683–1797
6791:Oesterreichisch-Ungarische Wappenrolle
6712:. Black Rabbit Books. pp. 1974–.
6609:History of the German speaking nations
1300:became Austrian in 1803 following the
1218:, and not to a "widespreading domain".
7785:16th-century establishments in Europe
6393:
6367:
6341:
6148:
6146:
6133:
6131:
6129:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6103:
6101:
6099:
6097:
6095:
6093:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6085:
6083:
6081:
6079:
6077:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6061:
6059:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6037:
6021:
6019:
6017:
6015:
6013:
6011:
6009:
6007:
6005:
6003:
6001:
5999:
5997:
5995:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5983:
5981:
5979:
5977:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5969:
5967:
5965:
5963:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5941:
5924:
5922:
5909:
5907:
5894:
5892:
5890:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5882:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5846:
5844:
5842:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5823:
5821:
5808:
5768:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5666:
5649:
5647:
5634:
5632:
5619:
5617:
5604:
5602:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5536:
5534:
5521:
5519:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5440:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5301:
5299:
5286:
5284:
5271:
5269:
5256:
5254:
5241:
5239:
5226:
5224:
5211:
5209:
5196:
5194:
5181:
5179:
5166:
5164:
5151:
5149:
5136:
5134:
5121:
5119:
5106:
4996:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4944:
4942:
4940:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4870:
4853:
4851:
4849:
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4799:
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4783:
4781:
4779:
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4775:
4773:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4700:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4644:
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4636:
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4628:
4626:
4624:
4618:
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4610:
4604:
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4600:
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4466:
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4462:
4460:
4458:
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4393:
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4389:
4387:
4385:
4303:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4196:
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4192:
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4182:
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4166:
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4142:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4126:
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4120:
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4116:
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4112:
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4108:
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4030:
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4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4010:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3937:
3935:
3922:
3920:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3836:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3778:
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3772:
3770:
3768:
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3764:
3762:
3760:
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3718:
3705:
3703:
3684:
3682:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3653:
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3649:
3647:
3645:
3599:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3547:
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3543:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3506:
3504:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3439:
3437:
3426:
3424:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3239:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3132:
3130:
3117:
3115:
3102:
3100:
3087:
3085:
3072:
3070:
3051:
3049:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2853:
2851:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2737:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2086:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
1444:The Habsburg monarchy at the time of
1200:, two states under one crowned ruler.
361:
351:
347:
305:
293:
281:
269:
257:
245:
233:
221:
209:
197:
185:
173:
169:
161:
7:
6806:(University of Chicago Press, 1976).
6593:
1428:Territories of the Habsburg Monarchy
1034:) was also elected the next king of
665:for the Habsburgs in 1282. In 1482,
7714:History of the Mediterranean region
2140:, from 1863 to 1867, was headed by
2034:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
1656:, Most of Silesia was conquered by
1578:, mostly ruled jointly with Tyrol.
1281:Names of some smaller territories:
1267:Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
1242:Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie
1066:from the Turks, the emperor held a
868:, which laid the foundation of the
762:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
661:in 1273 and his acquisition of the
7049:The Habsburg Empire: A New History
6671:from the original on 29 April 2015
2023:Second Italian War of Independence
1823:Grand Principality of Transylvania
1699:and the Princes of vassal Ottoman
1476:. To these were added in 1779 the
1413:, but it was also used afterwards.
1271:Länder der Heiligen Stephans Krone
25:
6995:Henderson, Nicholas. "Joseph II"
6298:Last ruler of the Spanish branch.
2181:Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
2136:between 1814 and 1847. Also, the
2120:from 1814 to 1859, while Empress
1192:) referred to the combination of
1046:(1620) over the Bohemian rebels,
902:, which was part of the elective
705:. The Spanish branch (which held
7699:Bibliography of European history
7294:Fall of the Western Roman Empire
7030:The Habsburg Monarchy, 1618–1815
6434:(in Italian). 13 December 2015.
2112:from 1805 to 1814. The House of
1867:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
1662:Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia
1287:Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg
939:Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
760:and later split in two with the
534:
520:
495:
481:
467:
453:
439:
425:
411:
397:
102:
88:
7724:History of Western civilization
7327:Christianity in the Middle Ages
6985:Fichtner, Paula Sutter (2003).
6868:(in German). Berlin: Springer.
6845:Hochedlinger, Michael (2013) .
6493:from the original on 2022-11-07
1811:, consisting of most of modern
1472:and (before 1797) southwestern
1138:, the dynasty continued as the
1121:between 1580 and 1640, and the
918:(1282), thus establishing the "
7568:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
7511:Christianity in the modern era
7282:Christianity in late antiquity
7158:(2nd ed.). Penguin Books.
7093:McCagg Jr., William O (1989).
7087:The Habsburg Empire, 1790–1918
7033:. Cambridge University Press.
6343:[ˈhaːpsbʊʁɡɐmonaʁˌçiː]
2062:dissolution of Austria-Hungary
1927:, which was incorporated into
1895:, the Polish lands, including
1325:War of the Bavarian Succession
489:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
27:Monarchy in Europe (1282–1918)
1:
7719:History of the European Union
7104:. Princeton University Press.
6825:, Newton Classici quotation:
3694:
3142:
3061:
2644:
2513:
2100:A junior line ruled over the
2055:occupation and administration
1999:Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
1707:. In 1699, at the end of the
1550:(although much of Istria was
1543:Imperial Free City of Trieste
967:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
787:. However, the realms of the
6999:(Sept 1955) 5#9 pp. 613–621.
6760:Carl Cavanagh Hodge (2008).
1591:, a group of territories in
1335:Quarter"), formerly part of
1086: Territories under the
461:Lands of the Hungarian Crown
96:Flag of Austria (since 1804)
7770:Hungary under Habsburg rule
7765:Former monarchies of Europe
7678:Russian invasion of Ukraine
7289:Crisis of the Third Century
7012:. Purdue University Press.
6942:. Oxford University Press.
6739:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 166–.
2134:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
1947:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
1919:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
1861:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
1630:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
1480:of Bavaria and in 1803 the
1407:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
1100:) of the Habsburg monarchy.
849:Silver medallion depicting
829:. The dynastic capital was
811:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
447:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
7846:
7734:Military history of Europe
7729:Maritime history of Europe
7100:Mitchell, A. Wess (2018).
7097:(Indiana University Press.
6395:[ˈdoːnaʊmonaʁˌçiː]
6369:[ˈhaːpsbʊʁɡɐˌʁaɪç]
2281:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
2155:
2108:from 1803 to 1805, and in
1298:Prince-Bishopric of Brixen
1151:Habsburg monarchy (German
1140:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
1062:reconquered almost all of
770:Republic of German-Austria
719:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
530:Republic of German-Austria
29:
7704:Genetic history of Europe
7083:Macartney, Carlile Aylmer
6971:10.1017/S0067237820000181
6959:Austrian History Yearbook
6936:Evans, Robert John Weston
6864:Kotulla, Michael (2008).
6815:Giorgio Manacorda (2010)
6465:Santa Barbara, California
6457:"Rudolf I (r. 1273–1291)"
6047:
6045:
6043:
6035:
6031:
6029:
6027:
6023:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5766:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5680:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5438:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5418:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5348:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5328:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5040:
5038:
5036:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5008:
5006:
5004:
4994:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4958:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4938:
4934:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4884:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4698:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4622:
4620:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4301:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4140:
4138:
4008:
4006:
3982:
3980:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3834:
3832:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3788:
3786:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3551:
3549:
3395:
3393:
3385:
3383:
3327:
3325:
3317:
3315:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2578:
2576:
2158:List of rulers of Austria
2144:, the brother of Emperor
1294:Prince-Bishopric of Trent
1234:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
920:Austrian hereditary lands
677:, who also inherited the
405:Habsburg Hereditary Lands
376:
372:
348:
318:
170:
118:
84:
79:
6612:. Troubador Publishing.
6606:Kanski, Jack J. (2019).
6262:of the Habsburg dynasty.
2088:(later Yugoslavia), and
2070:First Hungarian Republic
1355:Österreichische Erblande
1275:Länder der Wenzels-Krone
1044:Battle of White Mountain
1032:First Congress of Vienna
1030:, Louis's father at the
809:, from before 1526; the
774:First Hungarian Republic
683:its colonial possessions
30:Not to be confused with
7709:History of Christianity
7027:—— (2000).
6926:—— (2014).
6849:. Abingdon: Routledge.
6665:Encyclopædia Britannica
6188:Habsburg family website
2110:Grand Duchy of Würzburg
1997:and especially her son
1986:Austro-Hungarian Empire
1609:Grand Duchy of Salzburg
1405:. In a wider sense the
1107:Imperial election, 1531
1056:Battle of Mohács (1687)
1014:Following the death of
813:; the formerly Spanish
630:that were ruled by the
7810:19th century in Europe
7805:18th century in Europe
7800:17th century in Europe
7795:16th century in Europe
7533:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
6890:. London: Allen Lane.
6830:
6390:
6364:
6334:
6184:"Habsburg family tree"
2344:The World of Yesterday
2196:
2188:
2146:Franz Josef of Austria
2142:Maximilian I of Mexico
2102:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2006:period that followed.
1989:
1955:occupation (1878–1908)
1915:(1797–1805, 1814–1918)
1889:occupation (1788–1791)
1769:occupation (1686–1691)
1755:
1743:
1649:Margraviate of Moravia
1622:
1453:
1437:
1313:Austria below the Enns
1309:Austria above the Enns
1241:
1229:
1211:
1189:
1178:
1167:
1102:
1052:Renewed Land Ordinance
959:Ferdinand II of Aragon
957:of Spain (daughter of
947:Burgundian Netherlands
883:
643:
364:• Disestablished
62:
46:
7613:Industrial Revolution
6989:, Palgrave Macmillan.
6823:La Marcia di Radetzky
6733:Scott Lackey (1995).
2351:Male-line family tree
2194:
2183:and his wife Infanta
2179:
2138:Second Mexican Empire
1982:Imperial coat of arms
1980:
1925:Grand Duchy of Kraków
1749:
1736:
1709:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
1616:
1554:territory until 1797)
1548:Margraviate of Istria
1443:
1435:
1323:(1779) following the
1173:"Danubian monarchy" (
1076:
1007:, Ferdinand was made
963:Isabella I of Castile
941:. Maximilian married
848:
841:Origins and expansion
7668:European debt crisis
7663:European integration
7603:Age of Enlightenment
7443:Republic of Florence
6706:Simon Adams (2005).
6596:, pp. 12, 14–15
6471:. pp. 266–268.
6432:L'Indipendenza Nuova
2331:Habsburg family tree
1953:Sanjak of Novi Pazar
1809:Austrian Netherlands
1803:State of the Presidi
1505:Archduchy of Austria
1363:Archduchy of Austria
1212:Kaisertum Österreich
982:Isabella of Portugal
971:Habsburg Netherlands
945:, thus bringing the
815:Austrian Netherlands
7633:Revolutions of 1848
7563:Early modern France
7344:Anglo-Saxon England
7249:Classical antiquity
6787:Hugo Gerhard Ströhl
6335:Habsburgermonarchie
5655:Archduke of Austria
5640:Archduke of Austria
5292:Archduke of Austria
5217:Archduke of Austria
5202:Archduke of Austria
5187:Archduke of Austria
4859:Archduke of Austria
4836:Archduke of Austria
3943:Archduke of Austria
3928:Archduke of Austria
2187:with their children
2053:(after 30 years of
2027:Austro-Prussian War
2011:revolutions of 1848
1913:Kingdom of Dalmatia
1827:Treaty of Karlowitz
1797:Kingdom of Sardinia
1773:Kingdom of Slavonia
1664:(Austrian Silesia).
1302:Treaty of Lunéville
1168:monarchia austriaca
1162:Austrian monarchy (
1153:Habsburgermonarchie
1136:Francis of Lorraine
1119:Kingdom of Portugal
1016:Louis II of Hungary
996:. According to the
986:Margaret of Austria
951:Philip the Handsome
928:Archduke of Austria
912:Rudolf I of Germany
801:monarchia austriaca
795:. Around 1700, the
785:Holy Roman Emperors
644:Monarchia Austriaca
503:Sanjak of Smederevo
354:• Established
63:Habsburgermonarchie
47:Monarchia Austriaca
7739:Crusading movement
7643:Russian Revolution
7478:Hundred Years' War
7374:Maritime republics
7277:Early Christianity
7267:Hellenistic period
7224:Paleolithic Europe
7058:2022-08-18 at the
7047:Judson, Pieter M.
6818:Nota bibliografica
6575:HeindorffHus-Czech
6543:2015-04-29 at the
6309:emperor of Austria
6260:Holy Roman Emperor
6222:Universal monarchy
5900:King of the Romans
5814:Prince of Asturias
5247:Margrave of Burgau
5232:Margrave of Burgau
5112:Prince of Asturias
2197:
2189:
1990:
1967:Holy Roman Emperor
1756:
1744:
1723:Kingdom of Croatia
1705:Kingdom of Hungary
1693:Kingdom of Hungary
1644:Kingdom of Bohemia
1623:
1619:Kingdom of Hungary
1532:Duchy of Carinthia
1499:Congress of Vienna
1454:
1438:
1411:March Constitution
1379:Duchy of Carinthia
1103:
932:Holy Roman Emperor
904:Kingdom of Germany
888:Radbot of Klettgau
884:
823:Kingdom of Hungary
687:Philip II of Spain
475:Kingdom of Croatia
7760:Habsburg monarchy
7747:
7746:
7673:COVID-19 pandemic
7618:French Revolution
7593:Habsburg monarchy
7573:Cossack Hetmanate
7553:Portuguese Empire
7543:Absolute monarchy
7538:Thirty Years' War
7433:Holy Roman Empire
7358:Bulgarian Empire
7317:Early Middle Ages
7234:Bronze Age Europe
7208:History of Europe
7074:Lieven, Dominic.
7040:978-0-5213-8009-6
7019:978-0-9111-9853-9
6897:978-0-241-33262-7
6875:978-3-540-48705-0
6856:978-0-582-29084-6
6773:978-0-313-33406-1
6746:978-0-313-03131-1
6719:978-1-58340-603-8
6559:Hochedlinger 2013
6478:978-1-4408-4856-8
6245:First monarch as
6208:
6207:
6190:. 28 October 2023
6165:
6164:
5811:Balthasar Charles
5652:Sigismund Francis
5637:Ferdinand Charles
5274:Maximilian Ernest
2509:Count of Habsburg
2384:House of Habsburg
2171:House of Habsburg
2152:Rulers, 1508–1918
2132:, ruled over the
1935:Serbian Vojvodina
1881:Duchy of Bukovina
1855:Kingdom of Sicily
1839:Banat of Temeswar
1833:Kingdom of Serbia
1791:Kingdom of Naples
1752:Military Frontier
1728:Military Frontier
1611:(only after 1805)
1571:Duchy of Salzburg
1537:Duchy of Carniola
1482:Prince-Bishoprics
1450:Holy Roman Empire
1387:Duchy of Carniola
1327:by the so-called
1321:Treaty of Teschen
1230:Österreich-Ungarn
1184:"Dual monarchy" (
1090:, comprising the
1088:Holy Roman Empire
1068:diet in Pressburg
908:Holy Roman Empire
894:, in present-day
870:House of Habsburg
789:Holy Roman Empire
715:Holy Roman Empire
648:Danubian monarchy
636:Austrian monarchy
632:House of Habsburg
618:, also known as
616:Habsburg monarchy
612:
611:
546:
545:
542:
541:
508:
507:
308:• 1916–1918
296:• 1848–1916
284:• 1792–1835
272:• 1780–1790
260:• 1740–1780
248:• 1665–1700
236:• 1556–1564
224:• 1556–1598
212:• 1519–1556
200:• 1508–1519
188:• 1452–1493
176:• 1282–1291
145:Roman Catholicism
41:Habsburg monarchy
16:(Redirected from
7837:
7820:Christian states
7608:Great Divergence
7523:Age of Discovery
7468:Late Middle Ages
7438:High Middle Ages
7349:Byzantine Empire
7332:Christianization
7322:Migration Period
7257:Classical Greece
7229:Neolithic Europe
7201:
7194:
7187:
7178:
7159:
7150:Taylor, A. J. P.
7145:
7123:
7090:
7064:Kann, Robert A.
7044:
7023:
6982:
6953:
6931:
6922:
6901:
6879:
6860:
6831:
6813:
6807:
6800:
6794:
6784:
6778:
6777:
6757:
6751:
6750:
6730:
6724:
6723:
6703:
6697:
6687:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6676:
6657:
6651:
6650:
6630:
6624:
6623:
6603:
6597:
6591:
6585:
6571:
6562:
6556:
6547:
6534:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6524:
6515:. Archived from
6510:Vienna website;
6508:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6498:
6452:
6441:
6439:
6424:
6407:
6405:
6404:
6403:
6397:
6387:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6377:
6371:
6361:
6355:
6353:
6352:
6351:
6345:
6340:
6327:
6321:
6318:
6312:
6305:
6299:
6296:
6290:
6287:
6281:
6278:
6272:
6269:
6263:
6256:
6250:
6243:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6195:
6180:
6159:
6144:
5935:
5920:
5905:
5834:
5819:
5660:
5645:
5630:
5615:
5600:
5547:
5532:
5517:
5312:
5297:
5282:
5267:
5252:
5237:
5222:
5207:
5192:
5177:
5162:
5147:
5132:
5117:
4864:
4841:
4810:
4771:
4592:
4513:
4488:
4479:
4408:
4396:
4207:
4082:
4051:
3948:
3933:
3918:
3887:
3754:
3731:
3716:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3680:
3517:
3502:
3481:
3450:
3435:
3422:
3369:
3364:
3341:
3339:Albertinian line
3336:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3128:
3113:
3098:
3083:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3047:
2864:
2849:
2830:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2449:
2444:
2391:
2390:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2355:
2312:Francis Joseph I
2047:Imperial Council
1845:Banat of Craiova
1825:, between 1699 (
1760:secundogenitures
1750:Soldiers of the
1343:Hereditary Lands
1190:Doppel-Monarchie
1085:
1020:Battle of Mohács
943:Mary of Burgundy
924:House of Austria
916:Diet of Augsburg
900:Duchy of Austria
866:Diet of Augsburg
689:and his brother
663:Duchy of Austria
538:
537:
524:
523:
512:
511:
499:
498:
485:
484:
471:
470:
457:
456:
443:
442:
429:
428:
415:
414:
401:
400:
394:
393:
378:
377:
123:
106:
92:
74:
73:
65:
58:
57:
49:
37:
21:
7845:
7844:
7840:
7839:
7838:
7836:
7835:
7834:
7750:
7749:
7748:
7743:
7682:
7648:Interwar period
7623:Napoleonic Wars
7487:
7458:Mongol invasion
7411:Crown of Aragon
7303:
7243:
7239:Iron Age Europe
7210:
7205:
7167:
7162:
7148:
7133:
7114:
7081:
7060:Wayback Machine
7041:
7026:
7020:
7004:Ingrao, Charles
7002:
6956:
6950:
6934:
6925:
6913:
6909:
6907:Further reading
6904:
6898:
6882:
6876:
6863:
6857:
6844:
6840:
6835:
6834:
6814:
6810:
6802:A.J.P. Taylor,
6801:
6797:
6785:
6781:
6774:
6759:
6758:
6754:
6747:
6732:
6731:
6727:
6720:
6705:
6704:
6700:
6688:
6684:
6674:
6672:
6667:. 9 June 2023.
6659:
6658:
6654:
6647:
6632:
6631:
6627:
6620:
6605:
6604:
6600:
6592:
6588:
6572:
6565:
6557:
6550:
6545:Wayback Machine
6535:
6531:
6522:
6520:
6511:
6509:
6505:
6496:
6494:
6479:
6463:. Vol. 1.
6454:
6453:
6444:
6426:
6425:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6410:
6400:
6399:
6398:
6388:
6384:
6374:
6373:
6372:
6365:Habsburgerreich
6362:
6358:
6348:
6347:
6346:
6338:
6328:
6324:
6319:
6315:
6306:
6302:
6297:
6293:
6288:
6284:
6279:
6275:
6270:
6266:
6257:
6253:
6247:king of Germany
6244:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6213:
6204:
6203:
6193:
6191:
6182:
6181:
6177:
6157:
6156:
6153:
6142:
6141:
6138:
5933:
5932:
5929:
5918:
5917:
5914:
5903:
5902:
5899:
5832:
5831:
5828:
5817:
5816:
5813:
5658:
5657:
5654:
5643:
5642:
5639:
5628:
5627:
5624:
5622:Leopold Wilhelm
5613:
5612:
5609:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5545:
5544:
5541:
5530:
5529:
5526:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5310:
5309:
5306:
5295:
5294:
5291:
5280:
5279:
5276:
5265:
5264:
5261:
5250:
5249:
5246:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5220:
5219:
5216:
5205:
5204:
5201:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5160:
5159:
5156:
5145:
5144:
5141:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5115:
5114:
5111:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4839:
4838:
4835:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4590:
4589:
4586:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4480:
4477:
4397:
4394:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4049:
4048:
4045:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3752:
3751:
3749:Duke of Austria
3748:
3729:
3728:
3726:Duke of Austria
3725:
3714:
3713:
3711:Duke of Austria
3710:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3690:Duke of Austria
3689:
3678:
3677:
3675:Duke of Austria
3674:
3515:
3514:
3512:Duke of Austria
3511:
3500:
3499:
3498:Duke of Austria
3497:
3479:
3478:
3476:Duke of Austria
3475:
3448:
3447:
3445:Duke of Austria
3444:
3433:
3432:
3420:
3419:
3417:Duke of Austria
3416:
3367:Leopoldian line
3365:
3362:
3337:
3334:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3126:
3125:
3123:Duke of Austria
3122:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3096:
3095:
3093:Duke of Austria
3092:
3081:
3080:
3078:Duke of Austria
3077:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3045:
3044:
3041:
2862:
2861:
2859:Duke of Austria
2858:
2847:
2846:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2445:
2442:
2382:
2353:
2339:
2327:
2284:
2174:
2160:
2154:
2118:Duchy of Modena
2098:
2038:Austria-Hungary
1975:
1973:Characteristics
1901:Third Partition
1899:, taken in the
1785:Duchy of Mantua
1670:, was ceded to
1576:Further Austria
1565:County of Tyrol
1527:Duchy of Styria
1494:Napoleonic Wars
1430:
1421:Further Austria
1414:
1395:County of Tyrol
1371:Duchy of Styria
1222:Austria-Hungary
1204:Austrian Empire
1148:
1101:
1083:
1064:Ottoman Hungary
930:was elected as
892:Habsburg Castle
843:
758:Austrian Empire
745:Further Austria
659:King of Germany
620:Habsburg Empire
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
535:
521:
516:Austrian Empire
496:
482:
468:
454:
440:
433:Duchy of Mantua
426:
412:
398:
365:
355:
344:
309:
297:
285:
273:
261:
249:
237:
225:
213:
201:
189:
177:
147:
126:
114:
113:
112:
107:
99:
98:
93:
75:
67:
60:
59:
51:
44:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Danube monarchy
15:
12:
11:
5:
7843:
7841:
7833:
7832:
7830:Former empires
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7752:
7751:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7690:
7688:
7684:
7683:
7681:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7598:Russian Empire
7595:
7590:
7588:British Empire
7585:
7583:Dutch Republic
7580:
7578:Swedish Empire
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7558:Spanish Empire
7555:
7550:
7548:Ottoman Empire
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7519:
7518:
7508:
7503:
7497:
7495:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7463:Serbian Empire
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7397:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7371:
7370:
7369:
7364:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7335:
7334:
7324:
7319:
7313:
7311:
7305:
7304:
7302:
7301:
7299:Late antiquity
7296:
7291:
7286:
7285:
7284:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7262:Roman Republic
7259:
7253:
7251:
7245:
7244:
7242:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7220:
7218:
7212:
7211:
7206:
7204:
7203:
7196:
7189:
7181:
7175:
7174:
7166:
7165:External links
7163:
7161:
7160:
7146:
7131:
7124:
7112:
7105:
7098:
7091:
7079:
7072:
7062:
7045:
7039:
7024:
7018:
7000:
6993:
6990:
6983:
6954:
6948:
6932:
6923:
6915:Bérenger, Jean
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6902:
6896:
6880:
6874:
6861:
6855:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6833:
6832:
6808:
6795:
6779:
6772:
6752:
6745:
6725:
6718:
6698:
6682:
6652:
6646:978-1440848568
6645:
6625:
6619:978-1789017182
6618:
6598:
6586:
6580:2007-03-20 at
6563:
6548:
6529:
6503:
6477:
6442:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6391:Donaumonarchie
6382:
6356:
6322:
6313:
6300:
6291:
6282:
6273:
6264:
6251:
6237:
6236:
6234:
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6074:
6072:
6070:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6062:
6060:
6058:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6032:
6030:
6028:
6026:
6024:
6022:
6020:
6018:
6016:
6014:
6012:
6010:
6008:
6006:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5994:
5992:
5990:
5988:
5986:
5984:
5982:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5974:
5972:
5970:
5968:
5966:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5936:
5927:Charles Joseph
5923:
5921:
5908:
5906:
5893:
5891:
5889:
5887:
5885:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5851:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5843:
5841:
5839:
5837:
5835:
5822:
5820:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5785:
5783:
5781:
5779:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5715:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5699:
5697:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5648:
5646:
5633:
5631:
5618:
5616:
5603:
5601:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5535:
5533:
5520:
5518:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5313:
5300:
5298:
5285:
5283:
5270:
5268:
5255:
5253:
5240:
5238:
5225:
5223:
5210:
5208:
5195:
5193:
5184:Maximilian III
5180:
5178:
5165:
5163:
5150:
5148:
5135:
5133:
5120:
5118:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5009:
5007:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4046:the Posthumous
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3936:
3934:
3921:
3919:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3719:
3717:
3704:
3702:
3683:
3681:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3505:
3503:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3438:
3436:
3425:
3423:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3131:
3129:
3116:
3114:
3101:
3099:
3086:
3084:
3071:
3069:
3050:
3048:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2852:
2850:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2185:Maria of Spain
2173:
2168:
2164:personal union
2156:Main article:
2153:
2150:
2097:
2094:
2090:Czechoslovakia
1974:
1971:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1820:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1779:Duchy of Milan
1776:
1770:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1697:Ottoman Empire
1689:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1665:
1651:
1646:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1585:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1545:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1353:; mostly used
1340:
1305:
1290:
1279:
1278:
1263:
1245:
1219:
1201:
1198:Transleithania
1182:
1179:Donaumonarchie
1171:
1160:
1147:
1144:
1128:personal union
1111:Spanish Empire
1082:
1079:Central Europe
1050:promulgated a
975:Habsburg Spain
955:Joanna the Mad
856:with his sons
842:
839:
827:Ottoman Empire
819:Imperial Italy
781:historiography
776:in late 1918.
734:that included
679:Spanish throne
624:Habsburg Realm
610:
609:
579:Czech Republic
552:
548:
547:
544:
543:
540:
539:
532:
526:
525:
518:
509:
506:
505:
500:
492:
491:
486:
478:
477:
472:
464:
463:
458:
450:
449:
444:
436:
435:
430:
422:
421:
419:Spanish Empire
416:
408:
407:
402:
390:
389:
384:
374:
373:
370:
369:
366:
363:
360:
359:
356:
353:
350:
349:
346:
345:
343:
342:
337:
332:
326:
324:
323:Historical era
320:
319:
316:
315:
310:
307:
304:
303:
298:
295:
292:
291:
286:
283:
280:
279:
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268:
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262:
259:
256:
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250:
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244:
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238:
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226:
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208:
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202:
199:
196:
195:
190:
187:
184:
183:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
124:
116:
115:
108:
101:
100:
94:
87:
86:
85:
82:
81:
77:
76:
43:
40:
32:Habsburg Spain
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7842:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
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7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7757:
7755:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7694:Art of Europe
7692:
7691:
7689:
7685:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
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7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
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7604:
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7517:
7514:
7513:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7498:
7496:
7494:
7493:Modern period
7490:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
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7439:
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7409:
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7399:
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7387:
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7382:
7380:
7377:
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7368:
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7360:
7359:
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7350:
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7328:
7325:
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7306:
7300:
7297:
7295:
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7287:
7283:
7280:
7279:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
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7250:
7246:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
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7213:
7209:
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7169:
7168:
7164:
7157:
7156:
7151:
7147:
7143:
7139:
7138:
7132:
7129:
7128:History Today
7125:
7121:
7117:
7113:
7110:
7106:
7103:
7099:
7096:
7092:
7088:
7084:
7080:
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7063:
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7057:
7054:
7050:
7046:
7042:
7036:
7032:
7031:
7025:
7021:
7015:
7011:
7010:
7005:
7001:
6998:
6997:History Today
6994:
6991:
6988:
6984:
6980:
6976:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6960:
6955:
6951:
6949:0-1987-3085-3
6945:
6941:
6937:
6933:
6929:
6924:
6920:
6916:
6912:
6911:
6906:
6899:
6893:
6889:
6885:
6881:
6877:
6871:
6867:
6862:
6858:
6852:
6848:
6843:
6842:
6837:
6829:
6824:
6820:
6819:
6812:
6809:
6805:
6799:
6796:
6792:
6789:(1851–1919):
6788:
6783:
6780:
6775:
6769:
6765:
6764:
6756:
6753:
6748:
6742:
6738:
6737:
6729:
6726:
6721:
6715:
6711:
6710:
6702:
6699:
6695:
6691:
6686:
6683:
6670:
6666:
6662:
6661:"Ferdinand I"
6656:
6653:
6648:
6642:
6638:
6637:
6629:
6626:
6621:
6615:
6611:
6610:
6602:
6599:
6595:
6590:
6587:
6583:
6582:archive.today
6579:
6576:
6570:
6568:
6564:
6560:
6555:
6553:
6549:
6546:
6542:
6539:
6533:
6530:
6519:on 2011-11-23
6518:
6514:
6507:
6504:
6492:
6488:
6484:
6480:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6462:
6458:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6443:
6437:
6433:
6429:
6423:
6420:
6413:
6402:
6396:
6392:
6386:
6383:
6376:
6370:
6366:
6360:
6357:
6350:
6344:
6336:
6332:
6326:
6323:
6317:
6314:
6310:
6304:
6301:
6295:
6292:
6286:
6283:
6277:
6274:
6268:
6265:
6261:
6255:
6252:
6248:
6242:
6239:
6232:
6227:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6217:Habsburg myth
6215:
6214:
6210:
6189:
6185:
6179:
6176:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6162:
6155:
6152:
6140:
6137:
6052:
6049:
6041:
6040:
6033:
6025:
5940:
5938:
5931:
5928:
5916:
5913:
5901:
5898:
5830:
5827:
5815:
5812:
5807:
5804:
5796:
5794:
5786:
5784:
5782:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5764:
5756:
5754:
5746:
5744:
5678:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5656:
5653:
5641:
5638:
5626:
5623:
5611:
5608:
5607:Ferdinand III
5594:
5543:
5540:
5528:
5525:
5513:
5510:
5497:
5494:
5486:
5484:
5476:
5474:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5454:
5452:
5444:
5443:
5436:
5428:
5416:
5408:
5406:
5398:
5396:
5346:
5330:
5317:
5315:
5308:
5305:
5293:
5290:
5278:
5275:
5263:
5260:
5248:
5245:
5233:
5230:
5218:
5215:
5203:
5200:
5188:
5185:
5173:
5170:
5158:
5155:
5143:
5140:
5128:
5125:
5113:
5110:
5105:
5102:
5094:
5092:
5084:
5082:
5074:
5072:
5064:
5062:
5054:
5052:
5044:
5042:
5034:
5032:
5024:
5022:
5014:
5012:
5010:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4992:
4968:
4956:
4948:
4936:
4920:
4918:
4894:
4892:
4882:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4860:
4857:
4837:
4834:
4806:
4803:
4802:Maximilian II
4767:
4764:
4751:
4748:
4732:
4730:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4696:
4656:
4654:
4609:
4607:
4588:
4585:
4509:
4506:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4384:
4381:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4299:
4267:
4265:
4225:
4223:
4212:
4210:
4203:
4200:
4147:
4145:
4087:
4085:
4078:
4075:
4047:
4044:
4015:
4013:
3953:
3951:
3944:
3941:
3929:
3926:
3914:
3911:
3910:Frederick III
3883:
3880:
3851:
3848:
3840:
3839:
3822:
3814:
3759:
3757:
3750:
3747:
3727:
3724:
3712:
3709:
3691:
3688:
3676:
3673:
3644:
3641:
3625:
3623:
3615:
3613:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3595:
3579:
3577:
3561:
3559:
3522:
3520:
3513:
3510:
3496:
3477:
3474:
3446:
3443:
3431:
3430:
3429:Frederick III
3418:
3415:
3402:
3400:
3368:
3340:
3304:
3301:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3265:
3263:
3255:
3253:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3235:
3227:
3225:
3207:
3167:
3165:
3154:
3152:
3139:
3136:
3124:
3121:
3109:
3106:
3094:
3091:
3079:
3076:
3058:
3055:
3043:
3040:
3011:
3008:
3000:
2998:
2990:
2988:
2980:
2978:
2970:
2968:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2940:
2924:
2922:
2898:
2896:
2869:
2867:
2860:
2857:
2845:
2826:
2823:
2770:
2767:
2759:
2757:
2741:
2740:
2733:
2709:
2656:
2654:
2641:
2638:
2585:
2583:
2525:
2523:
2510:
2507:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2447:Original line
2392:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2337:In literature
2336:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2273:Maria Theresa
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2249:Ferdinand III
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2225:Maximilian II
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2201:Frederick III
2199:
2198:
2193:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2159:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2004:Metternichian
2000:
1996:
1995:Maria Theresa
1987:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1753:
1748:
1741:
1740:
1739:Europa regina
1735:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1683:Lower Lusatia
1681:
1679:
1678:Upper Lusatia
1676:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1634:Bohemian Diet
1631:
1627:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1599:territories (
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1522:Inner Austria
1520:
1516:
1515:Lower Austria
1513:
1511:
1510:Upper Austria
1508:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1434:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1157:official name
1154:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:Maria Theresa
1129:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:Vladislaus II
1025:
1024:Ottoman Turks
1021:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
999:
995:
991:
990:Diet of Worms
987:
984:in Spain and
983:
978:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
881:
880:
875:
874:Anton Scharff
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
852:
847:
840:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
807:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
746:
741:
737:
733:
732:
731:Inner Austria
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
707:all of Iberia
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
669:acquired the
668:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
553:
551:Today part of
549:
533:
531:
528:
527:
519:
517:
514:
513:
510:
504:
501:
494:
493:
490:
487:
480:
479:
476:
473:
466:
465:
462:
459:
452:
451:
448:
445:
438:
437:
434:
431:
424:
423:
420:
417:
410:
409:
406:
403:
396:
395:
392:
391:
388:
385:
383:
380:
379:
375:
371:
367:
357:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
327:
325:
321:
317:
314:
311:
302:
299:
290:
287:
278:
275:
266:
265:Maria Theresa
263:
254:
251:
242:
239:
230:
227:
218:
215:
206:
203:
194:
193:Frederick III
191:
182:
179:
165:
158:
155:
151:
146:
143:
139:
136:
133:
129:
122:
117:
111:
105:
97:
91:
83:
78:
71:
64:
55:
48:
38:
33:
19:
7653:World War II
7592:
7506:Early modern
7483:Kalmar Union
7354:Papal States
7272:Roman Empire
7154:
7136:
7127:
7119:
7108:
7101:
7094:
7089:. Macmillan.
7086:
7075:
7065:
7048:
7029:
7008:
6996:
6986:
6962:
6958:
6939:
6930:. Routledge.
6927:
6921:. Routledge.
6918:
6887:
6884:Rady, Martyn
6865:
6846:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6811:
6803:
6798:
6790:
6782:
6762:
6755:
6735:
6728:
6708:
6701:
6690:Kotulla 2008
6685:
6673:. Retrieved
6664:
6655:
6639:. Abc-Clio.
6635:
6628:
6608:
6601:
6589:
6561:, p. 9.
6532:
6521:. Retrieved
6517:the original
6506:
6495:. Retrieved
6460:
6431:
6422:
6385:
6359:
6325:
6316:
6303:
6294:
6285:
6276:
6267:
6254:
6241:
6192:. Retrieved
6187:
6178:
6170:
6150:
6135:
5926:
5911:
5897:Ferdinand IV
5896:
5825:
5810:
5651:
5636:
5621:
5606:
5593:John-Charles
5592:
5538:
5523:
5508:
5303:
5288:
5273:
5259:Ferdinand II
5258:
5243:
5228:
5213:
5198:
5183:
5168:
5153:
5138:
5123:
5108:
4855:
4833:Ferdinand II
4832:
4801:
4762:
4583:
4504:
4481:
4198:
4074:Maximilian I
4073:
4042:
3939:
3924:
3909:
3878:
3746:Frederick IV
3745:
3722:
3707:
3686:
3671:
3508:
3495:Frederick II
3494:
3472:
3441:
3428:
3413:
3134:
3119:
3108:the Friendly
3104:
3089:
3074:
3053:
3038:
2855:
2843:
2821:
2636:
2505:
2342:
2340:
2243:Ferdinand II
2207:Maximilian I
2161:
2122:Marie Louise
2114:Austria-Este
2099:
2059:
2042:
2031:
2008:
1991:
1964:
1893:West Galicia
1869:, in modern
1851:, 1716–1737)
1848:
1757:
1737:
1701:Transylvania
1455:
1416:
1398:
1390:
1382:
1374:
1366:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1280:
1274:
1270:
1259:
1255:
1233:
1194:Cisleithania
1152:
1104:
1095:
1051:
1048:Ferdinand II
1022:against the
1013:
1000:
979:
936:
885:
877:
804:
800:
778:
743:
729:
723:
667:Maximilian I
652:
647:
635:
623:
619:
615:
613:
387:Succeeded by
386:
381:
335:Early modern
301:Franz Joseph
205:Maximilian I
7638:World War I
7628:Nationalism
7516:Reformation
7501:Renaissance
7473:Black Death
7406:Kievan Rus'
7309:Middle Ages
6965:: 269–291.
6709:The Balkans
4584:Ferdinand I
3698: 1370
3473:Leopold III
3146: 1290
3065: 1289
2648: 1218
2517: 1188
2325:Family tree
2320:(1916–1918)
2314:(1848–1916)
2308:(1835–1848)
2306:Ferdinand I
2302:(1792–1835)
2296:(1790–1792)
2290:(1780–1790)
2275:(1740–1780)
2269:(1711–1740)
2263:(1705–1711)
2257:(1657–1705)
2251:(1637–1657)
2245:(1619–1637)
2239:(1612–1619)
2233:(1576–1612)
2227:(1564–1576)
2221:(1556–1564)
2219:Ferdinand I
2215:(1519–1556)
2209:(1493–1519)
2203:(1452–1493)
2096:Other lines
2060:During the
2025:(1859) and
2015:martial law
1961:(1878–1918)
1949:(1868–1918)
1943:(1849–1860)
1931:(1846–1918)
1921:(1814–1866)
1909:(1797–1805)
1903:(1795–1809)
1883:(1774–1918)
1877:(1772–1918)
1863:(1735–1748)
1857:(1720–1735)
1847:(1718–1739
1841:(1718–1778)
1835:(1718–1739)
1819:(1713–1795)
1805:(1707–1733)
1799:(1707–1720)
1793:(1707–1735)
1787:(1706–1797)
1781:(1706–1797)
1775:(1699–1868)
1478:Inn Quarter
1367:Oesterreich
1359:Middle Ages
1252:crown lands
1123:Mezzogiorno
1113:to his son
1109:), and the
1094:heartland (
1058:, in which
906:within the
896:Switzerland
766:World War I
711:Netherlands
691:Ferdinand I
671:Netherlands
382:Preceded by
340:Late modern
330:Middle Ages
241:Ferdinand I
7754:Categories
7401:Viking Age
7216:Prehistory
7122:. Longman.
7116:Sked, Alan
6692:, p.
6523:2011-09-11
6497:2022-11-07
6487:2018048886
6339:pronounced
6228:References
6194:28 October
6151:Charles VI
5930:of Austria
5826:Charles II
5625:of Austria
5596:of Austria
5542:of Austria
5527:of Austria
5307:of Austria
5277:of Austria
5214:Wenceslaus
5199:Albert VII
5157:of Austria
5124:Philip III
4856:Charles II
4202:of Castile
3882:of Germany
3708:Leopold IV
3509:Leopold II
3442:Albert III
3148:–1312/1313
3042:of Bohemia
2825:of Germany
2640:of Germany
2300:Francis II
2294:Leopold II
2267:Charles VI
2116:ruled the
1817:Luxembourg
1582:Vorarlberg
1403:Vorarlberg
1375:Steiermark
1329:Innviertel
1256:Kronländer
1248:Crownlands
953:, married
872:. Work by
607:Luxembourg
289:Francis II
253:Charles II
153:Government
148:(official)
7448:Feudalism
7419:Catalonia
6979:216447628
6594:Rady 2020
6414:Citations
6389:(German:
6363:(German:
6158:1685–1740
6143:1678–1711
5934:1649–1664
5919:1640–1705
5912:Leopold I
5904:1633–1654
5833:1661–1700
5818:1629–1646
5659:1630–1665
5644:1628–1662
5629:1614–1662
5614:1608–1657
5599:1605–1619
5546:1609–1641
5539:Ferdinand
5531:1607–1632
5516:1605–1665
5509:Philip IV
5311:1590–1624
5296:1586–1632
5289:Leopold V
5281:1583–1616
5266:1578–1637
5251:1560–1618
5236:1558–1600
5221:1561–1578
5206:1559–1621
5191:1558–1618
5176:1557–1619
5161:1553–1595
5146:1552–1612
5139:Rudolf II
5131:1578–1621
5116:1545–1568
4863:1540–1590
4840:1529–1595
4809:1527–1576
4770:1527–1598
4763:Philip II
4591:1503–1564
4512:1500–1558
4505:Charles V
4206:1478–1506
4081:1459–1519
4050:1440–1457
4043:Ladislaus
3947:1427–1496
3940:Sigismund
3932:1418–1463
3925:Albert VI
3917:1415–1493
3886:1397–1439
3879:Albert II
3753:1382–1439
3730:1377–1424
3715:1371–1411
3679:1377–1404
3672:Albert IV
3516:1328–1344
3501:1327–1344
3480:1351–1386
3449:1349–1395
3434:1347–1362
3421:1339–1365
3414:Rudolf IV
3138:Parricida
3127:1301–1339
3112:1299–1327
3097:1298–1358
3090:Albert II
3082:1290–1326
3075:Leopold I
3054:Frederick
3046:1281–1307
2863:1270–1290
2856:Rudolf II
2848:1263–1281
2829:1255–1308
2318:Charles I
2288:Joseph II
2255:Leopold I
2231:Rudolf II
2213:Charles V
2130:Francis I
2043:Reichsrat
1674:in 1635.
1638:Ferdinand
1446:Joseph II
1351:Erbländer
1081:in 1648:
1060:Leopold I
994:Ferdinand
973:in 1506,
862:Rudolf II
726:Archduchy
675:Charles V
646:) or the
313:Charles I
277:Joseph II
229:Philip II
217:Charles V
141:Religion
80:1282–1918
7815:Monarchy
7687:See also
7658:Cold War
7453:Crusades
7423:Valencia
7152:(1964).
7118:(1989).
7085:(1969).
7056:Archived
7006:(1979).
6938:(1979).
6917:(2013).
6886:(2020).
6821:in Roth
6669:Archived
6578:Archived
6541:Archived
6491:Archived
6469:ABC-Clio
6436:Archived
6211:See also
6136:Joseph I
5829:of Spain
5512:of Spain
5169:Matthias
5127:of Spain
4766:of Spain
4486:HRE line
4482:Austrian
4199:Philip I
3057:the Fair
3039:Rudolf I
2844:Hartmann
2822:Albert I
2637:Rudolf I
2261:Joseph I
2237:Matthias
2126:Napoleon
2106:Salzburg
1849:de facto
1636:elected
1597:Alsatian
1593:Breisgau
1589:Vorlande
1552:Venetian
1466:Slovenia
1417:Erblande
1383:Kaernten
1347:Erblande
1196:and the
1097:Erblande
1009:Archduke
1005:Brussels
998:Habsburg
879:Erblande
854:Rudolf I
806:Erblande
793:metonymy
772:and the
752:and the
740:Carniola
728:proper,
655:Rudolf I
628:polities
591:Slovakia
571:Slovenia
181:Rudolf I
157:Monarchy
7528:Baroque
7427:Majorca
7339:Francia
7053:excerpt
7051:(2016)
6838:Sources
6675:21 June
5524:Charles
5304:Charles
5244:Charles
4403:Iberian
4399:Spanish
3687:William
2074:Romania
2066:Austria
2051:annexed
1984:of the
1929:Galicia
1907:Venetia
1875:Ukraine
1813:Belgium
1668:Lusatia
1658:Prussia
1654:Silesia
1601:Sundgau
1474:Germany
1462:Austria
1337:Bavaria
1315:" (the
1311:" and "
1216:emperor
1077:Map of
1040:Hungary
1036:Bohemia
1018:in the
1001:compact
910:. King
882:, 1882.
864:at the
754:Swabian
703:Bohemia
699:Croatia
695:Hungary
603:Ukraine
599:Romania
587:Croatia
575:Hungary
567:Germany
559:Belgium
555:Austria
163:Monarch
131:Capital
7415:Aragon
7394:Amalfi
7379:Venice
7367:Second
7070:online
7037:
7016:
6977:
6946:
6894:
6872:
6853:
6770:
6743:
6716:
6643:
6616:
6485:
6475:
6331:German
6258:First
6171:Notes:
5229:Andrew
5154:Ernest
5109:Carlos
4478:
4395:
3723:Ernest
3363:
3335:
2506:Albert
2443:
2084:, the
2082:Poland
1897:Kraków
1887:Serbia
1871:Poland
1767:Serbia
1717:Danube
1672:Saxony
1632:. The
1621:, 1741
1492:. The
1490:Brixen
1401:) and
1238:German
1226:German
1208:German
1186:German
1175:German
1115:Philip
1092:Alpine
1084:
858:Albert
835:Prague
831:Vienna
742:, and
736:Styria
709:, the
595:Poland
583:Serbia
166:
135:Vienna
70:German
66:
50:
7384:Genoa
7362:First
6975:S2CID
6233:Notes
3700:–1406
3105:Henry
3067:–1330
2650:–1291
2519:–1239
2078:Italy
2045:, or
1486:Trent
1470:Italy
1399:Tirol
1391:Krain
1164:Latin
1146:Names
1134:with
799:term
797:Latin
750:Tyrol
748:with
640:Latin
622:, or
563:Italy
54:Latin
7389:Pisa
7035:ISBN
7014:ISBN
6944:ISBN
6892:ISBN
6870:ISBN
6851:ISBN
6768:ISBN
6741:ISBN
6714:ISBN
6677:2022
6641:ISBN
6614:ISBN
6483:LCCN
6473:ISBN
6196:2023
4406:line
3135:John
3120:Otto
2076:and
2019:Diet
1873:and
1815:and
1715:and
1713:Sava
1691:The
1628:The
1587:The
1541:The
1488:and
1464:and
1415:The
1317:Enns
1296:and
1292:The
1285:The
1038:and
961:and
860:and
851:King
738:and
701:and
681:and
614:The
368:1918
358:1282
7142:145
6967:doi
6694:485
6154:HRE
6139:HRE
5915:HRE
5610:HRE
5262:HRE
5172:HRE
5142:HRE
4805:HRE
4587:HRE
4508:HRE
4077:HRE
3913:HRE
1484:of
1393:),
1385:),
1377:),
1369:),
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1250:or
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779:In
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