Dardani - Knowledge (XXG)

2067:, p. 218: "This statement is not without importance for our problem, for it too confirms that in mid-fifth century the lands north of Macedonia were considered to be Illyrian. There is, however, another statement in Herodotus, which N. Vulić insists on as clear evidence that in Herodotus' time the territory of the Dardanians was reckoned as Illyrian . It is a passage from the well - known section on the tributaries of the Danube , in which Herodotus says that the river Angrus flows " from the land of the Illyrians " 267 As the Angrus could be either the Southern Morava or the Ibar , and both rivers in their upper courses flowed through Dardania , Vulić's conclusion looks very reasonable . From all we have said above , the evidence of the ancient writers as to the ethnic origin of the Dardanians seems pretty unanimous and its interpretation offers no special difficulties The tradition according to which the Dardanians , like their neighbours the Autariatae and the Ardiaei , were Illyrians , is preserved in Strabo and Appian . It must be an old tradition , from the times when the three tribes were neighbours . In historians before Strabo ( Polybius , Livy ) and in historians who copied from earlier sources ( Justin , Pompeius Trogus ) , there is nothing to contradict that tradition . The mention of the Darda- nians alongside the Illyrians only shows that the name Illyrian , in addition to its wider ethnic sense , very early acquired a narrower political one . According to Herodotus indeed , for whom the name Illyrian could only have its general meaning , the lands north of Macedonia , round the sources of the Southern Morava and Ibar , were inhabited by Illyrians . This fact shows that ancient tradition considered the Dardanians to be Illyrians ." 1823:

carried out by Dan Dana in the 2010s, also taking into consideration current Balkan historical linguistics. Dana concludes that the Illyrian character of Dardanian onomastics is unquestionable and that it is appropriate to definitively rule out the idea of a Thracian origin or participation (at least appreciable) in the ethnogenesis of the Dardani. Since the Dardani were neighbored to the east by the Thracians, the eastern parts of Dardania were at the Thraco-Illyrian contact zone. As shown by archaeological research Illyrian names are predominant in western Dardania (present-day Kosovo), and occasionally appear in eastern Dardania (present-day south-eastern Serbia), while Thracian names are found in the eastern parts, but are absent from the western parts. The correspondence of Illyrian onomastics in Dardania – including those of the Dardanian ruling dynasty – with those of the southern Illyrians suggests "thracianization" of parts of Dardania at a later date. The linguistic relationship between '

2271:- 'The Ardiaei were called by the men of later times "Vardiaei." Because they pestered the sea through their piratical bands, the Romans pushed them back from it into the interior and forced them to till the soil. But the country is rough and poor and not suited to a farming population, and therefore the tribe has been utterly ruined and in fact has almost been obliterated. And this is what befell the rest of the peoples in that part of the world; for those who were most powerful in earlier times were utterly humbled or were obliterated, as, for example, among the Galatae the Boii and the Scordistae, and among the Illyrians the Autariatae, Ardiaei, and Dardanii, and among the Thracians the Triballi; 316that is, they were reduced in warfare by one another at first and then later by the Macedonians and the Romans' 2052:- 'The Ardiaei were called by the men of later times "Vardiaei." Because they pestered the sea through their piratical bands, the Romans pushed them back from it into the interior and forced them to till the soil. But the country is rough and poor and not suited to a farming population, and therefore the tribe has been utterly ruined and in fact has almost been obliterated. And this is what befell the rest of the peoples in that part of the world; for those who were most powerful in earlier times were utterly humbled or were obliterated, as, for example, among the Galatae the Boii and the Scordistae, and among the Illyrians the Autariatae, Ardiaei, and Dardanii, and among the Thracians the Triballi; 316that is, they were reduced in warfare by one another at first and then later by the Macedonians and the Romans' 2832:, p. 73: "Until recently, our knowledge of the Brnjica cultural group (or cultural group Donja Brnjica – Gornja Stra`ava) was based on the research results from fifteen or so sites, mainly necropolises.1 There were no data on settlements and habitations.2 The total archaeological collection of the Brnjica community amounted to less than three hundred objects, mostly ceramic vessels.3 This cultural group was characterized as the final phase, »… of a long evolution to be followed with certainty through the entire Bronze Age, while closely connected to the Balkan–Danube complex and elements the linguists mark as Dako–Moesian. Therefore, this group’s finds could be identified with the non-Illyrian component in the Dardanian ethnogenesis.«4" 2084:, p. 81; p. 92: "Dardania was an Illyrian land by tradition. Dardanians were considered Illyrians by Strabo and Appian and so a number of modern scholars, while others believe that at a later date the Dardanians were “Thracisized”... Most of the place-names especially in eastern Dardania turn out to be Thracian. The Thracian element in majority presumably following an expansion westwards seems to have intermingled with the Illyrian one. The ethnic frontier between Thracians and Dardanians was traced on the Morava (Margus) River until the Danube to the north splitting in two the Dardanian lands, with the eastern part significantly “thracisized”." 1152:, it constructed a glorious Trojan past for the Romans, who were claimed to be descendants of Trojan Dardanians. In the years before the Trojan origin story became the official Roman narrative about their origins, the Romans came into conflict in the Balkans with the Dardani. In public discourse this created the problem that the Roman army could be seen as fighting against a people who could be related to the ancestors of the Romans. The image of the historical Dardani in the 1st century BC was that of Illyrian barbarians who raided their Macedonian frontier and had to be dealt with. In this context, the name of a people known as the 1457: 2134:, p. 505: "Regardless of this episode, some sources clearly distinguish the Dardani from the rest of Illyrians, and Dardanian land from Illyria (Polyb. 2.6.4, 28.8.3; Liv. 43.20.1), and some take for granted that they are but one of the Illyrian tribes (Strab. 7.5.6, 12; App. Ill. 1.2). This is not the place to analyze this topic in detail, but, while the Dardani are obviously ethnically and linguistically a part of the Illyrian world, they seem to be separated from other Illyrian peoples by their geography and peculiar socio-political development." 1369: 1883: 1298: 1517: 1001:"yellow, golden, bright/shiny"). This phenomenon reflects the uncertainty of the Ancient Greek and Roman authors in transcribing the Proto-Albanian affricates, which were unfamiliar to them. Indeed, many similar examples of Palaeo-Balkan names with alternating spellings in ancient literature using both dentals and sibilants can be connected to an earlier stage of Albanian and furthermore provide strong support for 6752: 3277:

ranging from notions of Thracianization' (in part) of an existing Illyrian population to the precise opposite. In favour of the latter may be the close correspondence of Illyrian names in Dardania with those of the southern 'real' lllyrians to their west, including the names of Dardanian rulers, Longarus, Bato, Monunius and Etuta, and those on later epitaphs, Epicadus, Scerviaedus, Tuta, Times and Cinna.

54: 1831:' is uncertain due to the paucity of the available written material of those languages, consisting only of onomastic and toponymic evidence in the case of Illyrian, and the same for Thracian except for a few short inscriptions of difficult interpretation. Dardanian in the context of a distinct language is considered in recent decades as potentially significant for the history of the 4967: 1289:" linguistic component of the later Dardani. Before that change, Yugoslavian scholars had regarded the Dardani as of Illyrian origin. The narrative of a distinct "Daco-Moesian" concept developed as a response to Albanian and Bulgarian researchers, and especially to changes inside Yugoslavia due to increasing local nationalisms. 2450:"Names of individuals peoples may have been formed in a similar fashion, Taulantii from 'swallow' (cf. the Albanian tallandushe) or Erchelei the 'eel-men' and Chelidoni the 'snail-men'. The name of the Delmatae appears connected with the Albanian word for 'sheep' delmë) and the Dardanians with for 'pear' ( 1356:, Dardania was raided by several Celtic tribes on their campaigns that were undertaken to plunder the treasuries of Greek temples. During these events an unnamed Dardanian king offered to help the Macedonians with 20,000 soldiers to counteract the invading Celts, but it was refused by the Macedonian king 1364:

the Celts eventually arrested and were defeated. Afterwards they withdrew in the north passing through Dardania, however they were completely destroyed by the Dardani. Further references to the Dardani are provided in the ancient sources describing Dardanian constant wars against Macedonians from the

2096:

Kosovo: A Short History p. 363 'As Papazoglu notes, most ancient sources classify Dardanians as Illyrians. Her reasons for rejecting this identification in a later essay, ‘Les Royaumes’, are obscure. There were Thracian names in the eastern strip of Dardania, but Illyrian names dominated the rest;

3552:

There must have been some reason why it was said of the Dardanians, and not of any other people, that they only bathed three times in their lives ...like the Dardanians', which was applied not to dirty folk, as might be expected, but to the miserly (ἐπὶ τῶν φειδωλῶν)! For the Greeks, obviously, to

3276:

Whether the Dardanians were an Illyrian or a Thracian people has been much debated and one view suggests that the area was originally populated with Thracians who then exposed to direct contact with Illyrians over a long period. The meaning of this state of affairs has been variously interpreted,

2246:

1822:

consisting of most of former Yugoslavia, north of southern Montenegro to the west of Morava, excepting ancient Liburnia in the northwest, but perhaps extending into Pannonia in the north). Another extensive study based on onomastics in Thrace, eastern Macedonia, Moesia, Dacia and Bithynia has been

235:

which definitively disappeared from history, and to some territories of the southern Illyrians. The Dardanians strongly pressured the Macedonians, using every opportunity to attack them. However the Macedonians quickly recovered and consolidated their state, and the Dardanians lost their important

2025:

the Dardanians ... living in the frontiers of the Illyrian and the Thracian worlds retained their individuality and, alone among the peoples of that region, succeeded in maintaining themselves as an ethnic unity even when they were militarily and politically subjected by the Roman arms and when,

1411:

rose to the Macedonian throne, skirmishing with Dardani began in 220-219 BC and he managed to capture Bylazora from them in 217 BC. Skirmishes continued in 211 and in 209 when a force of Dardani under Aeropus, probably a pretender to the Macedonian throne, captured Lychnidus and looted Macedonia

3202:

Here the old name of Dardania appears as a new province formed out of Moesia, along with Moesia Prima, Dacia (not Trajan's old province but a... Though its line is far from certain there seems little doubt that most of the Dardanians were excluded from Illyricum and were to become a part of the

1236:

tribes migrated and settled in the region alongside the existing Neolithic population. New practices in agriculture and cattle breeding appear in this period and new settlements formed in Kosovo. Co-existence and intermingling of the Neolithic population and the PIE-speakers gave rise to the

58:

By the 3rd century the location of the Dardani had resolved itself into the Kingdom of Dardania, which is shown in yellow. The solid lines give modern borders: Republic of Kosovo in the center, Serbia across the north, Macedonia across the south, Albania to the SW, and Montenegro to the

1170:

in Roman discourse became linked to the ancestors of the Romans, the actual Dardani began to be covered in Roman literature by other names. After the death of Augustus, their name in connection to the Balkans became a political problem. After the death of Augustus, the new emperor was

140:

after their settlement there. They were among the oldest Balkan peoples, and their society was very complex. The Dardani were the most stable and conservative ethnic element among the peoples of the central Balkans, retaining an enduring presence in the region for several centuries.

1276:

cultural group was a Late Bronze Age cultural manifestation in what was to become Dardania, closely connected to the Balkan-Danubian complex. It dates between the 14th and 10th centuries BCE, and appears in Kosovo, Morava valley, Sandzak, Macedonia and South-East Serbia. In

1493:

The Romans found an ancient formed economy in Dardania, based on agriculture and animal husbandry, mining and metallurgy, in different handicrafts and in trade. The Romans focused especially in exploitation of mines, same as in other provinces, and in road construction.

1438:

withdrew his forces from the campaign. The Bastarnae crossed the Danube in huge numbers and although they didn't meet the Macedonians, they continued the campaign. Some 30,000 Bastarnae under the command of Clondicus seem to have defeated the Dardani. In 179 BC, the

1772:

neighbors, in pre-Roman times the Dardani were not Hellenized. From the Greek point of view, they were barbarians. Because of this prejudice they received some bad press in the Ancient Greek and Roman historiography. The tribe was viewed of as "extremely barbaric".

1847:

contain long iron bars which were placed in the tombs are a means of payment to the afterlife. They indicate that the tribe of the Dardani had developed a concept about the afterlife as shown later in other archaeological material like the votive monument of

4197:

Ferri, Naser (2006). "Simpoziumi ndërkombëtar mbi Dioklecianin dhe epokën e tij (i mbajtur në Split më 18-22 shtator 2005)" [International Symposium on Diocletian and his period (held in Split from 18-22 September 2005)]. In Drançolli, Jahja (ed.).

1896:

A monument representing a round labyrinth that was dedicated to the "Dardanian Goddess" was found in Smira. This monument provides evidence for cosmogonic and cosmologic knowledges among the Dardani. The labyrinth was realized based on the concept of the

1638:. Little data exists about the territory of the Dardani prior to Roman conquest, especially on its southern extent which has been contested with Macedon, so scholars use information provided in Roman times to define the bounds of Dardanian territory. 2026:

towards the end of the ancient world, the Balkans were involved in far-reaching ethnic perturbations, the Dardanians, of all the Central Balkan tribes, played the greatest part in the genesis of the new peoples who took the place of the old

1901:. There is used a numerological and geometric approach through a multidimensional holographic field, which illustrates the Dardanian perception of the cosmic order and the interconnection between the material world and the higher realm. 1443:

conquered the Dardani, who later in 174 pushed them out, in a war which proved catastrophic, with a few years later, in 170 BC, the Macedonians defeating the Dardani. Macedonia and Illyria became Roman protectorates in 168 BC. The

1179:, whose name had been constructed as the name of the mythical progenitors of the Romans. Thus, the decision to create a new name for Dardania and the Dardani was made. Despite this decision and the administrative use of the names 1136:

and/or as a distinct grouping in the region of Dardania. As such, the Dardani were Illyrians from an ethno-linguistic perspective, but they had followed their own peculiar geographical, social and political development in

1425:

along with Pleuratus the Illyrian and Amynander king of Athamania, cooperated with Roman consul Sulpicius in his expedition against Philip V. Being always under the menace of Dardanian attacks on Macedonia, around 183 BC

1063:. These parallels indicate closer links than simply a correlation of names. According to a current explanation, the connection is likely related to the large-scale movement of peoples that occurred at the end of the 3609:, "The Dardanians are so utterly wild that they dig caves beneath their dung-hills and live there, but still they care for music, always making use of musical instruments, both flutes and stringed instruments" 1336:

managed to have the full control of the kingdom and its army after succeeding his father to the Macedonian throne. Indeed, the Dardani have not been mentioned in the ancient accounts concerning the events of

708:"thorny, grain, barley". However it has been suggested that this connection is only conceivable assuming an ancient common Balkano-Aegean substrate word for Albanian and Greek. A proposed Indo-European root 2040:- 'The Bessi live in huts and lead a wretched life; and their country borders on Mount Rhodope, on the country of the Paeonians, and on that of two Illyrian peoples — the Autariatae, and the Dardanians' 1005:'s thesis about the Proto-Albanoid dialects, spoken in the central-western Balkans including the historical regions of Dardania, Illyria proper, Paeonia, Upper Moesia, western Dacia and western Thrace. 1434:

and invited them to settle in Polog, the region of Dardania closest to Macedonia. A joint campaign of the Bastarnae and Macedonians against the Dardanians was organized, but Philip V died and his son

843:). Slavic toponyms with "Kruševo" (from Proto-Slavic kruša, "pear") and other related toponyms particularly found in the area of the ancient Dardani have been proposed as South Slavic translations of 4683: 1751:

were Dardanian, however this is considered an old fallacy because it is unsupported by any ancient source, while some facts and ancient geographical locations go squarely against it. Nevertheless,

3297:... including the names of Dardanian rulers, Longarus, Bato, Monunius and Etuta, and those on later epitaphs, Epicadus, Scerviaedus, Tuta, Times and Cinna. Other Dardanian names are linked with... 6788: 1244:

Archaeological research in the territory of Dardania greatly expanded since 2000. In contemporary research, a periodization of four phases of development of pre-Roman Dardania is being utilized:

3986:. Meletēmata / Kentron Hellēnikēs kai Rōmaïkēs Archaiotētos (in French). Vol. 70. Centre de recherche de l'antiquité grecque et romaine, Fondation nationale de la recherche scientifique. 1175:, his stepson and the most senior Roman general in the Balkans. As Tiberius had played a key role in the Roman conquest of the Balkans, as emperor he couldn't be portrayed as the conqueror of 1781:

refers to them as wild and dwelling in dirty caves under dung-hills. This however may have had to do not with cleanliness, as bathing had to do with monetary status from the viewpoint of the

2247:

Katicic has shown that these belong with two other Illyrian “‘onomastic provinces’ (see his summary in Ancient Languages, pp. 179-81, and the evidence in Papazoglu, ‘Dardanska onomastika’).'

2097:

3959:

Crossland, R. A. (1982). "Linguistic problems of the Balkan area in late prehistoric and early classical periods". In J. Boardman; I. E. S. Edwards; N. G. L. Hammond; E. Sollberger (eds.).

1269:

material culture which developed in the Iron Age western Balkans. The Dardani - as they became known in classical antiquity - were one of the particular groups of the Glasinac-Mat culture.

1328:

who managed to subdue them and their neighbors, probably during the early period of his reign. The Dardani have remained quiet until Philip II's death, after which they were planning

215:, a main source about the history of the Macedonian kings, refers to an 'lllyrian war' between 346 and the end of 343 BC, fought by 'Dardani and other neighbouring peoples' against 200:, but Illyrian names dominated the rest. Nevertheless, ancient authors have not identified Dardanians with Thracians, and Strabo explicitly makes a clear distinction between them. 4468:. Djela - Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine. Odjeljenje društvenih nauka (in Croatian). Vol. 30. Sarajevo: Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine. 1474:

Illyria and Macedonia became Roman protectorates in 168 BC. In 97 BC, the Dardani are mentioned again, defeated by the Macedonian Roman army. In 88 BC, the Dardani invaded the

1313:

were created from the 7th century BC onwards. The proto-urban development was followed by the creation of urban centers and the emergence of craftsmanship, and a Dardanian

905:, which should have been spelled in Greek/Latin documents with /z/, /s/, or a similar letter, instead of /d/, is refutable by the attestation of the Proto-Albanoid term 1396:

in an important battle. After obtaining a great victory over the Macedonian army the Dardani invaded Macedon proper. The Dardanian expansion in Macedon, similar to the

6781: 1497:

It seems quite probable that the Dardani actually lost independence in 28 BC thus, the final occupation of Dardania by Rome has been connected with the beginnings of

1317:

began to develop from the 4th century BC. Material culture and accounts in classical sources suggest that Dardanian society reached an advanced phase of development.

8211: 1908:. The lamentation of the dead is represented on the stelae through the depiction of the mourners with raised hands, grabbing their heads and beating their chests. 4615:Šašel Kos, Marjeta (2010). "Peoples on the northern fringes of the Greek world: Illyria as seen by Strabo". In Jean-Luc Lamboley, Maria Paola Castiglioni (ed.). 2117:, the Albanian for 'pear') but also linked with Thracians and with Asia Minor, inhabited the upper Vardar valley and the Kosovo region in the southern Balkans." 4027: 3564: 4698: 6774: 3220:

The assumption that the Dardanian kingdom was composed of a considerable number of tribes and tribal groups, finds confirmation in Strabo's statement about

3153:... Autariatae at the expense of the Triballi until, as Strabo remarks, they in their turn were overcome by the Celtic Scordisci in the early third century 1933: 1238: 1904:

Dardanian funerary stelae portray representations of their mourning practice, which accurately mirrors the Albanian traditional lamentation of the dead –

874:, see above), Gkreek δάρδα · μέλισσα "bee", sometimes interpreted as μόλυσμα "stain", δαρδαίνει · μολύνει "to stain", both late antique attestations from 8181: 7921: 1448:, a tribe of Celtic origin, most likely subdued the Dardani in the mid-2nd century BC, after which there was no mention of the Dardani for a long time. 1162:

are mentioned only in three ancient sources in the period after the death of Emperor Augustus in 14 CE. The name itself was taken from the name of the

2817: 2793: 3606: 1166:

in Asia Minor. The choice seems to be related to the fact that the Trojan-era Mysians lived close to the Trojan-era Dardanians. As the name of the

256: 4917: 4894: 4771: 4584: 4375: 4354: 4297: 4276: 4123: 3857: 3692: 3588: 3567:"...whence it is said of the Dardanians, an Illyrian people, that they bathe only thrice in their lives—at birth, marriage, and after death." 3528: 3489: 3337: 3010: 2931: 1687: 1650: 1502: 937:"sun", being so named because of its yellow leaves), displaying a characteristic Albanian phonetic change in which the voiced palatal velar 8176: 6234: 1641:

An unnamed Dardanian king is mentioned in ancient sources describing the events of the region of the early 3rd century BC. He offered the

1505:

and the Latin language was soon adopted as the main language of the tribe as many other conquered and Romanized. After the Roman emperor

361:

is attested outside the Dardanian region and the Trojan-Dardanian area in several other ancient ethnonyms, personal names, and toponyms:

6723: 5019: 4998: 1583:

was attested since the 4th century BC in ancient sources reporting the wars the Dardanians waged against their south-eastern neighbor –

1353: 1305:

In Dardania tribal aristocracy and pre-urban development emerged from the 6th–5th centuries BC. The contacts of the Dardanians with the

207:

was attested since the 4th century BC in ancient sources reporting the wars the Dardanians waged against their south-eastern neighbor –

7294: 6581: 4813: 3962:

The Cambridge Ancient History: The Prehistory of the Balkans; and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B.C.

563:("pear, pear-tree"). This is suggested by the fact that toponyms related to fruits or animals are not unknown in the region (cf. Alb. 3873:

Ad Ripam Fluminis Danuvi: Papers of the 3rd International Conference on the Roman Danubian Provinces, Vienna, 11th–14th November 2015

8206: 8196: 8186: 7443: 6718: 6691: 4802:

Vranić, Ivan (2014b). "'Hellenisation' and Ethnicity in the Continental Balkan Iron Age". In Popa, Catalin; Stoddart, Simon (eds.).

4792: 4750: 4626: 4528: 4484: 4449: 4417: 4396: 4144: 4099: 4046: 4012: 3991: 3912: 3002: 2997:

A history of Macedonia Volume 5 of Hellenistic culture and society, Robert Malcolm Errington, University of California Press, 1990,

2443: 1938: 1241:

which developed in the Bronze Age (2100-1100 BCE) in settlements including Vlashnjë, Korishë, Pogragjë, Bardhi i Madh and Topanicë.

1966: 7868: 7119: 6002: 4781:

Vranić, Ivan (2014a). "The "Hellenization" process and the Balkan Iron Age archaeology". In Staša Babić, Marko Jankovic (ed.).

3933: 4805:

Fingerprinting the Iron Age: Approaches to identity in the European Iron Age: Integrating South-Eastern Europe into the debate

2237:

Vladimir Georgiev (Gheorghiev), Raporturile dintre limbile dacă, tracă şi frigiană, "Studii Clasice" Journal, II, 1960, 39-58.

1797:

origin, according to their personal names. It has been noted that personal names were mostly of the "Central-Dalmatian type".

8201: 7914: 7187: 7111: 7100: 6732: 6705: 6264: 6239: 6151: 5625: 5473: 4605: 4255: 3970: 220: 6383: 1777:

and other writers wrote that they bathed only three times in their lives. At birth, when they were wed and after they died.

1338: 172:, some ancient sources also distinguish them from those Illyrians dwelling in the central and southern coast of the eastern 6852:

established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the

1281:

historiography, starting from Milutin Garašanin in the 1970s and 1980s, the Brnjica culture came to be interpreted as the "

244:) state on their western borders also contributed to the restriction of Dardanian warlike actions towards their neighbors. 7254: 6888: 6455: 5921: 4321: 3983:

Onomasticon Thracicum (OnomThrac): Répertoire des noms indigènes de Thrace, Macédoine Orientale, Mésies, Dacie et Bithynie

1380:, the political and military role of the Dardanians began to grow in the region. They expanded their state to the area of 231:, the political and military role of the Dardanians began to grow in the region. They expanded their state to the area of 7691: 6797: 6745: 6533: 5393: 1199:

was not used for several hundred years after this period in an administrative context. It was only recreated by Emperor

671: 6395: 4971: 4618:

L'Illyrie méridionale et l'Épire dans l'Antiquité V: Actes du Ve colloque international de Grenoble (8–11 octobre 2008)

1599:

as Dardanian tribes, and describes the Dardani as one of the three strongest Illyrian peoples, the other two being the

7931: 7174: 6378: 5796: 5333: 522:, which is attested since Roman times for a tribe close to the Dardani or living in Dardania, is considered to be the 2547:

Baliu, Begzad (2012). Onomastika e Kosoves: Ndermjet miteve dhe identiteteve (PDF). Era. p. 73. ISBN 978-9951040556.

1254:

6th-4th century BCE, Iron Age II phase, during which contacts with the Mediterranean and imports from Greece increase

160:

as Dardanian tribes – describes the Dardani as one of the three strongest Illyrian peoples, the other two being the

6611: 6606: 6347: 5308: 4732: 3839: 1699: 1658: 1479: 1107: 6766: 7907: 7371: 7313: 7124: 6596: 6591: 5338: 1469: 35: 6445: 2433: 1456: 1400:

expansion in Epirus around the same years, may have been part of a general movement among the Illyrian peoples.

1392:

from the Paeonians. Taking advantage of Macedonian weakness, in 229 the Dardani attacked Macedonia and defeated

8171: 8166: 8053: 7711: 7696: 7520: 7249: 7196: 7192: 7154: 7086: 6907: 3769: 1368: 886:

in consistency with the phonetic change of voiced palatal velars that are a characteristic trait of Albanian.

4621:. L'Illyrie méridionale et l'Épire dans l'Antiquité (V). Vol. 2. De Boccard Editions. pp. 617–629. 1587:– until the 2nd century BC. The Dardanian kingdom was made up of many tribes and tribal groups, confirmed by 1078:

In ancient historiography, the Dardani of the Balkans are mentioned as a people in the second century BCE by

7515: 7462: 7399: 7239: 7229: 7058: 7028: 6674: 6601: 6418: 4991: 4539: 1882: 1416: 1393: 875: 667: 655:

in a 1671 ecclesiastical report and on a 1688 map by a Venetian cartographer. Dardha is also the name of an

1634:." The term was used to describe the Dardanian political status as a semi-independent country in the later 1297: 799:"to mumble, to gumble" (the semantic development of "pear" that occurs in Albanian can also be seen in the 7721: 7164: 7048: 6686: 6400: 6285: 6181: 2786: 1794: 1325: 1091: 1018: 133: 113: 2147: 1815: 1513:

into Moesia Superior and Moesia Inferior in 86 AD, the Dardani were located in southern Moesia Superior.

1407:, joining the Dardani under Longarus and forcing Teuta to call off her expedition forces in Epirus. When 7736: 7505: 7318: 7244: 6837: 6303: 6176: 6143: 5408: 5378: 5343: 4346:

Brill's Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC – 300 AD

1978: 1544:

administration (in the 6th century), there was a Byzantine province of Dardania that included cities of

866:"to rattle", "chatter" (which however is regarded by Orel as an onomatopoeic form connected to Albanian 544: 304: 6450: 5930: 7159: 5679: 4476:

The Central Balkan Tribes in pre-Roman Times: Triballi, Autariatae, Dardanians, Scordisci and Moesians

1144:

In the late 1st century BCE, in Rome a new ideological discourse was formed. Propagated by poets like

1086:

in the third century BC. Historians of Hellenistic and Roman antiquity who mention the Dardanians are

7874: 7391: 7043: 6875: 6845: 6571: 6472: 5639: 5253: 4540:"Dardania in late antiquity: An overview of 4th-6th century fortification in the territory of Kosovo" 2268: 2049: 2037: 1342: 1233: 914: 756: 216: 8161: 7880: 7835: 7653: 7643: 7305: 7134: 7081: 7076: 6849: 6566: 6423: 5669: 5588: 5483: 5433: 5368: 5348: 5303: 4247:

Epirus: the Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas

3928: 1890: 1580: 1565: 1427: 1408: 1333: 1310: 1306: 1232:

are two of the most significant sites in the Neolithic period. During the late 3rd millennium BCE,

1138: 773: 224: 204: 169: 137: 168:. As Dardanians had followed their own peculiar geographical, social and political development in 7731: 7706: 7613: 7588: 7477: 7361: 7211: 7023: 6820: 6755: 6438: 6166: 6074: 5900: 5428: 5363: 4984: 4854: 4561: 4343:(2011). "Philip of Macedon: Accession, Ambitions, and Self-Presentation". In Lane Fox, R. (ed.). 4232: 4224: 4185: 4115:

Rome Enters the Greek East From Anarchy to Hierarchy in the Hellenistic Mediterranean, 230–170 BC

1921: 1879:("Dardanian Goddess"). They are attested in votive inscriptions of the Roman period in Dardania. 1736: 1435: 1372:

Kingdom of the Dardanians, late 3rd century BC, prior to their conquest of Paeonia and Macedonia.

1047: 212: 6251: 6054: 3164:

Michael Rostovtzeff, The Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire (Oxford 1957), 242-243

1916:

Strabo writes that Dardanians cared about music, always using musical instruments, both of the

913:". This term was mentioned as a "Thracian-Dacian" phytonym by the Ancient Greek pharmacologist 7858: 7565: 7555: 7550: 7454: 7424: 7221: 7071: 6962: 6952: 6927: 6922: 6713: 6679: 6646: 6626: 6553: 6528: 6462: 6405: 6370: 6293: 6214: 6209: 6090: 5823: 5733: 5528: 5488: 5463: 5298: 5258: 4947: 4913: 4905: 4890: 4846: 4809: 4788: 4767: 4746: 4622: 4601: 4580: 4524: 4480: 4445: 4413: 4392: 4371: 4350: 4293: 4272: 4251: 4177: 4140: 4139:. Hellenistic culture and society. Vol. 5. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 4119: 4095: 4042: 4008: 3987: 3966: 3947: 3908: 3887: 3853: 3688: 3584: 3578: 3524: 3485: 3333: 3182: 3006: 2998: 2927: 2439: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1774: 1403:

In this period Dardanian influence on the region grew and some other Illyrian tribes deserted

1381: 1286: 660: 501: 436: 232: 185: 7899: 5888: 1524:

At first, Dardania was not a separate Roman province, but became a region in the province of

1349:'empire. Thereafter the Dardani became a constant threat to Macedon on its northern borders. 176:

and its hinterland, who had constituted their own socio-political formation, referred to as '

7794: 7789: 7746: 7701: 7608: 7353: 7343: 7333: 7281: 7018: 7010: 6641: 6561: 6433: 6366: 6226: 6171: 6156: 6044: 6013: 5961: 5786: 5765: 5605: 5443: 5248: 5205: 4867: 4836: 4659: 4649: 4551: 4503: 4459: 4325: 4216: 4167: 3937: 3013: 2923: 1917: 1868: 1683: 1646: 1553: 1422: 1357: 1262: 1221: 1087: 800: 782: 382: 177: 83: 4465:

Srednjobalkanska plemena u predrimsko doba. Tribali, Autarijati, Dardanci, Skordisci i Mezi

4207:

Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1966). "The Kingdoms in Illyria circa 400-167 B.C.".

1039:

is derived. Other parallel ethnic names in the Balkans and Anatolia, respectively include:

878:(5th century CE) and with aberrant semantics. Another link has been made with the PIE root 8191: 7774: 7764: 7671: 7623: 7578: 7497: 7419: 7404: 7323: 7066: 6970: 6942: 6917: 6899: 6616: 6510: 6505: 6428: 6410: 6388: 6199: 5990: 5973: 5967: 5926: 5860: 5843: 5032: 4109: 1525: 1273: 1022: 949:, passing through intermediate stages represented by the palato-alveolar affricate voiced 656: 284: 272: 268: 252: 687:"wild pear", a common Indo-European root has been tentatively reconstructed by scholars: 4070: 4041:. Leiden Studies in Indo-European (in German). Vol. 7. Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi. 7784: 7779: 7769: 7716: 7661: 7472: 7366: 7338: 7328: 7206: 6995: 6990: 6947: 6937: 6636: 6631: 6256: 6186: 5807: 5801: 5684: 5553: 5353: 5148: 4409:

Pannonia and Upper Moesia: A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire

4340: 4172: 4155: 1872: 1782: 1755:, if not Dardanian, probably had some kind of hegemony on Dardanians during his reign. 1635: 1610:

The Dardanians, in all their history, always had separate domains from the rest of the

1041: 858:"bee", maybe originally with the meaning of "noise", "chatter", compared with Sanskrit 791: 727: 679: 300: 248: 121: 3644:

Die neuesten Forschungen über die einhemiche Sprachschist in den Illyrischen Provinzen

8155: 7666: 7618: 7583: 7573: 7482: 7182: 6985: 6980: 6932: 6912: 6841: 6825: 6500: 6246: 6161: 5548: 5508: 5069: 4858: 4565: 4236: 4189: 1886: 1876: 1072: 4664: 1501:' rule in 6 AD, when they were finally conquered by Rome. Dardania was conquered by 1360:

who, underestimating the Celtic strength, died fighting them. Only at the oracle of

917:(1st century AD), and it has a clear etymological connection with the Albanian word 17: 8136: 8073: 7864: 7681: 7676: 7628: 7414: 7381: 7376: 7201: 6975: 6853: 6545: 6313: 6191: 6096: 5941: 5518: 5503: 4085: 4001:

Drançolli, Jahja (2020). "Kosova: Archaeological Heritage". In Claire Smith (ed.).

3484:] (in Albanian) (1st ed.). Prishtina: Instituti Albanologjik. p. 48. 1662: 1516: 1475: 1376:

After the Celtic invasion of the Balkans weakened the state of the Macedonians and

1282: 752: 296: 276: 173: 30:

This article is about the ancient tribe in the Balkans. For the Trojan allies, see

6127: 4946:. Instituti i Trashëgimisë Shpirtërore e Kulturore të Shqiptarëve – Shkup: 13–20. 4938:

Zeqo, Moikom (2016). "Zef Mirdita, dijetari i madh shqiptar i formatit evropian".

4134: 2917: 1464:

into two provinces in 86 AD, the Dardani were located in southern Moesia Superior.

4930:

The Thracians in the Roman Imperial Army: From the First to the Third Century A.D

4928: 4884: 4803: 4782: 4761: 4736: 4718: 4616: 4595: 4574: 4518: 4474: 4463: 4439: 4428: 4407: 4386: 4365: 4344: 4287: 4266: 4245: 4113: 4089: 4036: 4002: 3981: 3960: 3682: 3518: 3344:

Grabos became the most powerful Illyrian king after the death of Bardylis in 358.

3327: 7887: 7759: 7726: 7638: 7593: 7467: 7409: 6132: 5738: 5664: 5649: 5498: 5453: 5328: 5293: 5099: 5059: 4654: 4637: 4289:

Who's Who in the Age of Alexander the Great: Prosopography of Alexander's Empire

1857: 1740: 1716: 1704: 1412:

taking 20.000 prisoners and retreating before Philip's forces could reach them.

1229: 1068: 1035: 889:

The opinion criticising the etymologies based on roots that originally included

308: 6860:

and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.

3867:

Boteva, Dilyana (2021). Mitthof, Fritz; Cenati, Chiara; Zerbini, Livio (eds.).

1793:

Dardanian slaves or freedmen at the time of the Roman conquest were clearly of

53: 8068: 8001: 7754: 7598: 7000: 6829: 6669: 6330: 6320: 6308: 6221: 6069: 6059: 5644: 5595: 5578: 5373: 5323: 5195: 5178: 5173: 5138: 5079: 5064: 4220: 3891: 1811: 1631: 1604: 1529: 1346: 1278: 1200: 1064: 288: 165: 4951: 4850: 4841: 4766:. Archaeopress Roman Archaeology. Vol. 78. Archaeopress Publishing LTD. 4520:

Les voies et agglomérations romaines au cœur des Balkans: Le cas de la Serbie

4181: 3951: 3659:

Katičić, Radoslav. Ancient languages of the Balkans. The Hague - Paris (1976)

3648:

Zur frage der keltischen und panonischen Namengebieten im römischen Dalmatien

1248:

11th-9th century BCE, a transitory period between the Bronze and the Iron Age

558: 8089: 8016: 7993: 7965: 7540: 7429: 7038: 7033: 6019: 5978: 5813: 5770: 5748: 5659: 5610: 5468: 5418: 5283: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5163: 5094: 5047: 5007: 4933:. The Center for Roman Military Studies. Vol. 1. Mega Publishing House. 3942: 3923: 1948: 1943: 1769: 1611: 1541: 1483: 1445: 1440: 1431: 1377: 1329: 1309:

began early and intensified during the Iron Age. Trade connections with the

1266: 1133: 1125: 1059: 1002: 440: 228: 197: 193: 181: 145: 6029: 5817: 4330: 4309: 1844: 648: 620: 4966: 1195:, the original use of the name persisted by authors like Appian. The name 8105: 8039: 8024: 7955: 7633: 7603: 7525: 7234: 7149: 6857: 6621: 6352: 6325: 6121: 6079: 5984: 5951: 5881: 5877: 5833: 5828: 5791: 5743: 5716: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5573: 5538: 5513: 5458: 5448: 5413: 5398: 5313: 5288: 5278: 5273: 5210: 5200: 5168: 5131: 5109: 5104: 5084: 5074: 5052: 5037: 4673:

Savić, M. M. (2015). "Material culture of Dardan's in pre-roman period".

4556: 4508: 4496:"Pre-roman and Roman Dardania historical and geographical considerations" 4495: 1905: 1849: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1728: 1693: 1654: 1596: 1506: 1498: 1389: 1385: 1172: 1120: 1079: 1030: 1026: 640: 628: 624: 518: 446: 264: 241: 157: 31: 4228: 3926:[Diellina, a Thracian-Dacian plant with a Proto-Albanoid name]. 8131: 8126: 8110: 7975: 7960: 7830: 7686: 7545: 7487: 7144: 7139: 7129: 6651: 6482: 6298: 6269: 6111: 6064: 6049: 6007: 5956: 5916: 5865: 5758: 5753: 5654: 5620: 5600: 5569: 5478: 5423: 5403: 5190: 5158: 5153: 5143: 5126: 5116: 5042: 5027: 4727:]. Biblioteka "Fryma" (in Albanian). Vol. 13. Pejë: Dukagjini. 1898: 1864: 1724: 1679: 1666: 1642: 1600: 1592: 1584: 1545: 1533: 1532:

later (284) made Dardania into a separate province with its capital at

1397: 1321: 1261:

In the Iron Age habitation further developed with the emergence of the

1220:

which formed the core area of the Dardani has been inhabited since the

1163: 1132:(Δάρδανοι). In ancient sources the Dardani are mentioned as one of the 1099: 1083: 926: 910: 644: 636: 632: 612: 237: 208: 189: 161: 153: 4927:

Zahariade, Mihail (2009). Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu (ed.).

2148:

http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0239

1384:

which definitively disappeared from history. In 230 the Dardani under

739: 7840: 6487: 6477: 6467: 6340: 6335: 6204: 6116: 6106: 6101: 6084: 6039: 6024: 5946: 5911: 5871: 5838: 5781: 5775: 5728: 5722: 5674: 5543: 5523: 5493: 5438: 5383: 5358: 5318: 5268: 5263: 5185: 5089: 3828: 1853: 1818:

which puts the Dardanian language area in the Central Illyrian area (

1778: 1732: 1588: 1576: 1510: 1461: 1361: 1314: 1217: 1145: 1111: 1103: 1095: 1053: 579:"wolf" etc.). Albanian typical toponyms formed with the same root as 570: 489: 477: 451: 396: 392: 346: 336: 330: 324: 260: 149: 4824: 4038:

Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz

3881: 3868: 1537: 1341:. It appears that the Dardani evaded the Macedonian rule during the 7886: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by 4908:. In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.). 3899:

Cabanes, Pierre (2002) . Dinko Čutura; Bruna Kuntić-Makvić (eds.).

1810:

The Dardanians had their own language. An extensive study based on

8034: 7983: 7947: 7535: 7530: 7510: 6034: 5936: 5906: 5894: 5854: 5848: 5711: 5705: 5634: 5533: 5388: 5230: 4071:"Dendronymica Albanica: A survey of Albanian tree and shrub names" 2113:, an Illyrian people (their name may derive from the same root as 1881: 1720: 1712: 1549: 1515: 1487: 1404: 1296: 1225: 1154: 1014: 616: 523: 455: 403: 280: 275:

in 86 AD, the Dardani were located in southern Moesia Superior. A

7250:

Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)

3965:

Vol. III (part 1) (2 ed.). Cambridge University Press.

3830:

Les habitats de l'Age du fer sur le territoire de l'actuel Kosovo

2753: 2751: 1856:), which might have been used in a ritualistic manner related to 1332:. However an open war have not been caused by their riots, since 188:

names in the eastern strip of Dardania, and several Thracian and

6492: 5997: 4763:

Ex Asia et Syria Oriental Religions in the Roman Central Balkans

4310:"Turning night into day: Milieu and semantic change in Albanian" 3553:

bathe or not was only a question of expense and financial means.

1620:), while other tribal areas had more unspecified terms, such as 1149: 715:"a thorny plant", with the Proto-Albanian form reconstructed as 7903: 7819: 7279: 6873: 6809: 6770: 4980: 3883:

Recherche sur les Dardaniens : VIe- Ier siècles av. J.- C.

1969:

Dardanioi, Georg Autenrieth, "A Homeric Dictionary", at Perseus

1678:

Unnamed Dardanian king (early 3rd century BC), who offered the

1110:

and others. According to a mythological tradition reported by

1013:

The name of the Dardani is mentioned for the first time in the

829:"to crumble, to break", and also in the Indo-European parallel 766: 745: 730: 716: 4638:"Some Illyrian Ethnonyms and Their Supposed Albanian Cognates" 4573:

Rusakov, Alexander (2017). "Albanian". In Mate Kapović (ed.).

4056:

Dzino, Danijel (2008). "Strabo 7, 5 and imaginary Illyricum".

3901:

Iliri od Bardileja do Gencia (IV. – II. stoljeće prije Krista)

1071:' afflicted some of the established powers around the eastern 611:(1431). Several modern toponyms are found in various parts of 3905:

The Illyrians from Bardylis to Gentius (4th – 2nd century BC)

2489: 2487: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2157: 2155: 1625: 1615: 682: 483: 471: 411: 386: 376: 370: 352: 180:' by ancient authors. The Dardani were also related to their 4976: 3329:

From the End of the Peloponnesian War to the Battle of Ipsus

3173:

Prehistory and Antique History of Kosova, Edi Shukriu, p. 18

2323: 2321: 744:"to tip out, pour, spill, secrete, cast (metals)" < PAlb 92: 3907:] (in Croatian). Translated by Vesna Lisičić. Svitava. 3520:

An English translation of Claudius Aelianus' Varia historia

3183:

http://www.balkaninstitut.com/pdf/izdanja/B_XXXVII_2007.pdf

3107: 3105: 2591: 2589: 2209: 2207: 287:. In the 2nd century AD Dardanians were still notorious as 104: 98: 6844:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of 1988: 1986: 854:

by some scholars. It has been proposed a possible link to

4007:. Springer International Publishing. pp. 4308–4319. 3869:"Society and Myths: How was the Name of Moesia Invented?" 3309: 3307: 3305: 2531: 2529: 2516: 2514: 2391: 2389: 2387: 837: 830: 709: 702: 695: 688: 674:. On the basis of an alleged connection between Albanian 2957: 2955: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2787:"Regional characteristics of the Brnjica cultural group" 2768: 2766: 2291: 2289: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 810: 804: 534:"pear"), which would confirm the link with the Albanian 259:

in 29/8 BC. They were included in the Roman province of

4024:Овоштарската лексика на албанските говори во Македонија 2854: 2852: 2850: 2818:

REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BRNJICA CULTURAL GROUP

2462: 2460: 1320:

The Dardani are referred to as one of the opponents of

4868:"The City of Pelion and the Illyrian War of Alexander" 3924:"Diellina, një bimë trako-dake me emër proto-albanoid" 3542: 3540: 4202:. Instituti Arkeologjik i Kosovës . pp. 222–230. 2350: 2348: 1860:

which was prevalent in the northern Illyrian tribes

101: 4725:

Pre-urban Dardania: Archaeological Studies of Kosova

4720:

Dardania paraurbane: studime arkeologjike të Kosovës

3772:[Dea Dardania - Iconography and functions]. 2142: 2140: 95: 89: 8119: 8098: 8082: 8061: 8052: 8015: 7992: 7974: 7946: 7939: 7745: 7652: 7564: 7496: 7453: 7442: 7390: 7352: 7304: 7293: 7220: 7173: 7110: 7099: 7057: 7009: 6961: 6898: 6887: 6704: 6662: 6544: 6521: 6365: 6284: 6142: 5619: 5562: 5241: 5018: 4091:

The Tribes of Albania: History, Society and Culture

3646:" in Benac (1964a) 9-58 Katičić, Radoslav (1965b) " 1520:

Dardania and the Balkans during the 6th century AD.

236:

political role. The strengthening of the Illyrian (

86: 64: 4427:Mortensen, Kate (1991). "The Career of Bardylis". 3192: 3190: 823: 816: 251:proconsuls, and were finally defeated probably by 4787:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 33–47. 3287: 3285: 3266: 3264: 2820:MILORAD STOJI] Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade 1653:, but Ceraunos declined the offer. Tribal chiefs 882:"to hold", "strong", which would have evolved to 494:) is traditionally connected to the same root as 323:has been attested in ancient Greek literature as 4433:. Vol. 22. Ares Publishers. pp. 49–59. 4388:Die Illyrer: Geschichte, Archäologie und Sprache 4314:Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3583:. Biblo & Tannen Publishers. pp. 249–. 2870: 1867:, considered to have been the indigenous god of 1863:Among the characteristic Dardanian deities were 776: 3681:Joseph Roisman; Ian Worthington (7 July 2011). 3550: 3295: 3274: 3218: 3200: 3151: 2023: 736:has been reconstructed, itself a derivative of 722:, is not clear. More recently for the Albanian 144:Ancient tradition considered the Dardani as an 3810: 2060: 2058: 2015: 2013: 1579:began to develop from the 4th century BC. The 760: 737: 574: 564: 556: 535: 511: 505: 495: 7915: 7867:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate 6782: 4992: 4385:Lippert, Andreas; Matzinger, Joachim (2021). 4265:Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1988). 4244:Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1967). 2127: 2125: 2123: 1843:Graves from the 6th and 5th centuries BCE in 1727:. Some scholars believe that Illyrian rulers 1301:Illyrian tribes in the 7th–4th centuries BCE. 893:because in the earliest form of Albanian PIE 785: 666:Opinions differ on the etymon of the root in 427:The names of the two main Dardanian tribes – 136:people, who lived in a region that was named 8: 4028:Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje 2690: 2688: 850:Other roots have been connected to the name 424:was common to many Indo-European languages. 46: 7890:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536 4308:Joseph, Brian D.; Dedvukaj, Lindon (2024). 2077: 2075: 2073: 1934:List of ancient Illyrian peoples and tribes 1067:(around 1200 BC), when the attacks of the ' 794: 8058: 7943: 7922: 7908: 7900: 7816: 7450: 7301: 7290: 7276: 7107: 6895: 6884: 6870: 6806: 6789: 6775: 6767: 5015: 4999: 4985: 4977: 4684:"Prehistory and Antique History of Kosova" 4209:The Annual of the British School at Athens 3886:(Thesis) (in French). Université de Lyon. 3770:"Dea Dardane - Ikonografia dhe funksionet" 3602: 3600: 3565:Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898) 3517:Aelian; Diane Ostrom Johnson (June 1997). 3332:. Cambridge University Press. p. 93. 2922:. University of California Press. p. 2092: 2090: 1852:. The weapons included double-edged axes ( 1345:between 284 BC and 281 BC, at the time of 435:– have been respectively connected to the 211:– until the 2nd century BC. The historian 52: 45: 6824:. Provincial administration reformed and 4840: 4825:"The Army of Lysimachus after Corupedium" 4663: 4653: 4555: 4507: 4329: 4200:Kosova Archeologica - Kosova Arkeologjike 4171: 3941: 3630: 3618: 3546: 3415: 3255: 3231: 3214: 3111: 2985: 2757: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2478: 2419: 2354: 2339: 2312: 2213: 2173: 2081: 2064: 2019: 1992: 1614:. The term used for their territory was ( 299:their territory was the homeland of many 6798:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces 3504: 3427: 3024: 2961: 2903: 2327: 1814:of the Roman era has been undertaken by 1455: 1367: 1257:4th-1st century BCE, Hellenistic period. 569:"sheep" supposedly related to Dalmatia, 547:was the first to propose that the names 345:. The term used for their territory was 184:neighbors. In Roman times, there appear 3798: 3786: 3731: 3719: 3707: 3463: 3403: 3391: 3313: 3084: 3072: 3060: 3048: 3036: 2973: 2946: 2858: 2841: 2772: 2643: 2631: 2595: 2580: 2568: 2493: 2395: 2256: 2225: 2161: 1959: 8212:Tribes conquered by the Roman Republic 4523:. Scripta Antiqua. Ausonius Éditions. 3687:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 301. 3451: 3439: 3379: 3367: 3355: 3291: 3270: 3196: 3147: 2882: 2829: 2694: 2679: 2667: 2655: 2607: 2295: 2280: 2198: 2131: 2106: 2004: 375:, name of Macedonian-Elimiot princes; 192:placenames also appear there, such as 4745:] (in Croatian). Školska knjiga. 4364:Lewis, D. M.; Boardman, John (1994). 4215:. British School at Athens: 239–253. 3755: 3243: 3135: 3123: 3096: 2556: 2520: 2505: 2466: 2407: 2378: 2366: 1324:in the 4th century BC, clashing with 1251:8th-7th century BCE, Iron Age I phase 7: 3743: 3668: 3326:Phillip Harding (21 February 1985). 2742: 2730: 2718: 2706: 2535: 267:divided the province of Moesia into 4872:Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 4349:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 335–366. 4268:A History of Macedonia: 336-167 B.C 1365:second half of the 3rd century BC. 416:, a Daunian settlement. The suffix 4760:Gavrilović Vitas, Nadežda (2021). 4743:The Illyrians: history and culture 4173:10.36707/palaeohispanica.v0i20.372 4133:Errington, Robert Malcolm (1990). 4004:Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology 3478:Dardanët e Ilirisë (VI - I p.e.s.) 1967:"Δαρδάνιοι, Δάρδανοι, Δαρδανίωνες" 1690:, but Ceraunos declined the offer. 1686:20,000 soldiers to counteract the 1649:20,000 soldiers to counteract the 957:and further through a final stage 555:were related to the Albanian word 219:, who won the conflict. After the 152:, in particular – also mentioning 25: 8182:Ancient tribes in North Macedonia 6692:Prehistory of Southeastern Europe 4064:(1). Edizioni New Press: 173–192. 2916:Robert Malcolm Errington (1990). 2799:from the original on 23 July 2011 1939:List of ancient tribes in Illyria 1082:who describes their wars against 772:, which is close to onomatopoeic 504:word for 'pear', as well as Alb. 283:in Dardanian territory under the 7230:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana) 6856:in c. 640–660, although in 6751: 6750: 4965: 4441:Albanian etymological dictionary 3684:A Companion to Ancient Macedonia 1889:represented an ancient deity in 1571:History of the tribal government 651:. Dardha in Puka is recorded as 458:), of Palaeo-Balkan provenance. 82: 6840:established after the death of 4910:The Oxford Classical Dictionary 4829:Antiquité Vivante / Živa antika 4738:Iliri: povijest, život, kultura 3934:Centre of Albanological Studies 2269:Strabo: The Geography - Illyria 2050:Strabo: The Geography - Illyria 1747:(daughter of Bardylis II), and 1352:In 279 BC, at the times of the 1158:appeared in Roman sources. The 1118:(Δάρδανος), one of the sons of 1009:The name in the ancient sources 901:and correspondingly later into 755:texts the root is recorded not 7188:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium 7112:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy 6265:Albanian traditional tattooing 6152:Central Bosnian cultural group 4517:Petrović, Vladimir P. (2019). 4494:Petrović, Vladimir P. (2006). 4370:. Cambridge University Press. 1661:took part in the wars against 929:" belongs to the genus called 765:. It continues Proto-Albanian 221:Celtic invasion of the Balkans 1: 7255:Tripolitania (Roman province) 6833: 6456:Battle of Dyrrhachium (48 BC) 4367:The Cambridge Ancient History 4322:Linguistic Society of America 4154:Falileyev, Alexander (2020). 3833:(Thesis). Université de Lyon. 3577:James Oliver Thomson (1948). 1715:(Etleva) was the daughter of 1216:The territory of present-day 4784:The Edges of the Roman World 4078:Zeitschrift für Balkanologie 3580:History of Ancient Geography 2038:Strabo's geography - Illyria 1460:After the division of Roman 941:turned into the interdental 659:in the northern part of the 490: 478: 347: 337: 331: 325: 70:Palaeo-Balkan language group 27:Ancient tribe in the Balkans 8177:Ancient tribes in Macedonia 7863: Re-established after 7175:Diocese of Annonarian Italy 6384:Alexander's Balkan campaign 6379:Illyrian invasion of Epirus 4912:. OUP Oxford. p. 414. 4655:10.18485/belida.2022.1.ch18 4600:. Narodni muzej Slovenije. 4594:Šašel Kos, Marjeta (2005). 4579:(2nd ed.). Routledge. 4576:The Indo-European Languages 4271:. Oxford University Press. 3642:Katičić, Radoslav (1964b) " 1339:Alexander's Balkan campaign 862:"frog", "pipe", Lithuanian 768: 747: 732: 718: 8228: 4473:Papazoglu, Fanula (1978). 3811:Joseph & Dedvukaj 2024 1626: 1616: 1563: 1467: 1430:made an alliance with the 1414: 1108:Dionysius of Halicarnassus 683: 484: 472: 412: 387: 377: 371: 353: 263:. After the Roman emperor 247:Dardanians fought against 223:weakened the state of the 117: 29: 7853: 7836:Quaestura exercitus (536) 7826: 7815: 7289: 7275: 6883: 6869: 6816: 6805: 6741: 5014: 4677:(in Serbian) (39): 67–84. 4642:Belgrade Linguistics Days 4286:Heckel, Waldemar (2006). 4221:10.1017/S0068245400019043 4035:Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997). 3880:Buqinca, Arianit (2021). 3482:The Dardanians of Illyria 3476:Buqinca, Arianit (2022). 3406:, pp. 50–51, 56, 75. 1470:Dardania (Roman province) 1033:, from which the toponym 516:, 'farmer'. The ethnonym 69: 51: 8207:Tribes conquered by Rome 8197:Ancient tribes in Serbia 8187:Ancient tribes in Kosovo 7712:Palaestina III Salutaris 6908:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae 4866:Vujčić, Nemanja (2021). 4842:10.47054/ZIVA19691-2109v 4823:Vujčić, Nemanja (2019). 4665:21.15107/rcub_dais_13349 4118:. Blackwell Publishing. 4022:Darlishta, Hana (2019). 3841:Onomastikë dhe identitet 3650:" ANUBiH 3 GCBI 1, 53-76 2785:Stojic, Milorad (2006). 1509:divided the province of 573:in Montenegro < Alb. 7879: Placed under the 7240:Mauretania Caesariensis 7059:Diocese of the Britains 6675:Origin of the Albanians 6396:Dardanian–Bastarnic war 4438:Orel, Vladimir (1998). 4412:. New York: Routledge. 4406:Mócsy, András (2014) . 3943:10.62006/sf.v1i1-2.3089 3846:Onomastics and Identity 1417:Dardanian-Bastarnae war 1203:in the 3rd century CE. 1025:on the Aegean coast of 839: 832: 825: 818: 815:"pear, pear tree" < 811: 805: 711: 704: 697: 690: 257:Marcus Licinius Crassus 7722:Phoenice II Libanensis 7425:Macedonia II Salutaris 6838:praetorian prefectures 6800:(4th–7th centuries AD) 6687:History of the Balkans 6401:Invasions of Epidamnus 6286:Religion and mythology 4883:Wilkes, John (1996) . 4636:Savić, Danilo (2022). 4544:Archaeologia Adriatica 4479:. Amsterdam: Hakkert. 4331:10.3765/plsa.v9i1.5681 4136:A History of Macedonia 4069:Elsie, Robert (1998). 3922:Crăciun, Radu (2023). 3838:Baliu, Begzad (2012). 3827:Alaj, Premtim (2019). 3555: 3299: 3279: 3222: 3205: 3155: 2919:A History of Macedonia 2438:. Wiley. p. 244. 2028: 1893: 1521: 1503:Gaius Scribonius Curio 1465: 1373: 1302: 1092:Marcus Terentius Varro 795: 786: 777: 761: 738: 615:, including Dardha in 575: 565: 557: 536: 512: 506: 496: 125: 34:. For other uses, see 8202:Indo-European peoples 7444:Praetorian prefecture 7319:Noricum mediterraneum 7295:Praetorian prefecture 7245:Mauretania Sitifensis 7140:Picenum Suburbicarium 7101:Praetorian prefecture 6889:Praetorian prefecture 6836: 293. Permanent 6411:Roman-Macedonian wars 6177:Glasinac-Mati culture 5814:Dyrrhachium/Epidamnus 5409:Glaucias of Taulantii 5379:Eleutherius and Antia 5344:Constantine the Great 4974:at Wikimedia Commons 4940:Studime Albanologjike 4904:Wilkes, John (2012). 4733:Stipčević, Aleksandar 4717:Shukriu, Edi (1996). 4682:Shukriu, Edi (2008). 4391:. Kohlhammer Verlag. 3768:Shukriu, Edi (2004). 2871:Gavrilović Vitas 2021 2760:, pp. 4311–4312. 2432:Wilkes, John (1992). 2146:Strabo's geography - 1885: 1519: 1459: 1415:Further information: 1371: 1354:great Celtic invasion 1300: 545:Johann Georg von Hahn 305:Constantine the Great 7875:Diocese of Illyricum 7869:Prefecture of Africa 7624:Galatia II Salutaris 7392:Diocese of Macedonia 7282:Eastern Roman Empire 7044:Mauretania Tingitana 6876:Western Roman Empire 6446:Roman–Dalmatian wars 6187:Monte Saraceno woman 5254:Anastasius I Dicorus 4597:Appian and Illyricum 4557:10.15291/archeo.3392 4509:10.2298/BALC0637007P 4158:La Europa silenciosa 3852:(in Albanian). Era. 3466:, pp. 131, 133. 2618:, pp. 101–104; 1719:of Dardania and the 1630:), for the "land of 1343:Wars of the Diadochi 1263:Glasinac-Mat culture 1124:(Ἰλλυριός), was the 933:with the Latin root 915:Pedanius Dioscorides 670:, and eventually in 583:have been attested: 319:The ethnonym of the 217:Philip II of Macedon 18:Dardanians (Balkans) 7881:Quaestura exercitus 7654:Diocese of the East 7644:Pontus Polemoniacus 7306:Diocese of Pannonia 7135:Lucania et Bruttium 7082:Maxima Caesariensis 7077:Flavia Caesariensis 6534:Proposed vocabulary 6182:Gradistë belt-plate 5484:Peter the Patrician 5434:Irenaeus of Sirmium 5369:Demetrius of Pharos 5349:Constantius Chlorus 5304:Bato the Daesitiate 4538:Rama, Zana (2021). 4250:. Clarendon Press. 4156:"The Silent Europe 4110:Eckstein, Arthur M. 3929:Studime Filologjike 3710:, pp. 555–556. 3523:. E. Mellen Press. 3454:, pp. 501–504. 3203:province of Moesia) 2885:, pp. 504–505. 2634:, pp. 522–524. 2496:, pp. 121–122. 2283:, pp. 120–121. 2164:, pp. 239–241. 1739:(son of Bardylis), 1591:, who mentions the 1581:Kingdom of Dardania 1566:Kingdom of Dardania 1334:Alexander the Great 1311:Ancient Greek world 1307:Mediterranean world 1293:Classical antiquity 1234:Proto-Indo-European 1029:and his people the 953:, dental affricate 672:Proto-Indo-European 293:latrones dardaniae) 279:was established at 205:Kingdom of Dardania 118:Δαρδάνιοι, Δάρδανοι 48: 7732:Syria II Salutaris 7589:Armenian Satrapies 7362:Dacia Mediterranea 7284:(395–c. 640) 7212:Venetia et Histria 7120:Apulia et Calabria 6821:Notitia Dignitatum 6451:Caesar's civil war 6085:Tragurion (Trogir) 5685:Aspalathos (Split) 5626:cities/settlements 5563:Political entities 5429:Gratianus Funarius 4704:on 13 October 2022 3980:Dana, Dan (2014). 2538:, pp. 56, 60. 1894: 1820:"Central Illyrian" 1528:in 87 AD. Emperor 1522: 1482:together with the 1466: 1436:Perseus of Macedon 1374: 1303: 1114:(2nd century AD), 367:opraetor epiratrum 341:, and in Latin as 295:. During the late 8149: 8148: 8145: 8144: 8048: 8047: 7934:by cultural group 7897: 7896: 7859:Septem Provinciae 7849: 7848: 7821:Other territories 7811: 7810: 7807: 7806: 7803: 7802: 7594:Armenia III (536) 7566:Diocese of Pontus 7556:Phrygia Salutaris 7551:Phrygia Pacatiana 7455:Diocese of Thrace 7438: 7437: 7271: 7270: 7267: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7222:Diocese of Africa 7095: 7094: 6963:Diocese of Vienne 6953:Maxima Sequanorum 6865: 6864: 6764: 6763: 6700: 6699: 6680:Albanian paganism 6647:Pannonia Superior 6627:Pannonia Inferior 6554:Illyrian emperors 6406:Illyro-Roman Wars 5853:Iader or Idassa ( 5464:Marcellinus Comes 5299:Bato the Breucian 5259:Artas of Messapia 4972:Dardani (Balkans) 4970:Media related to 4919:978-0-19-954556-8 4896:978-0-631-19807-9 4773:978-1-78969-914-2 4586:978-1-315-67855-9 4460:Papazoglu, Fanula 4430:The Ancient World 4377:978-0-521-23348-4 4356:978-90-04-20650-2 4299:978-1-4051-1210-9 4278:978-0-19-814815-9 4125:978-1-4051-6072-8 3859:978-9951-04-071-6 3789:, pp. 22–23. 3694:978-1-4443-5163-7 3671:, p. LXXXII. 3590:978-0-8196-0143-8 3530:978-0-7734-8672-0 3491:978-9951-24-155-7 3418:, pp. 49–59. 3339:978-0-521-29949-7 3027:, pp. 34–35. 3011:978-0-520-06319-8 2933:978-0-520-06319-8 2622:, pp. 22–23. 2598:, pp. 77–81. 2583:, pp. 79–81. 2571:, pp. 79–80. 2523:, pp. 77–78. 2330:, pp. 23–24. 2315:, pp. 38–39. 1833:Albanian language 1775:Claudius Aelianus 1759:Foreign relations 661:District of Dibra 647:, and Dardhës in 433:Thunatae/Thunatai 429:Galabri/Galabrioi 74: 73: 16:(Redirected from 8219: 8059: 7944: 7924: 7917: 7910: 7901: 7873: Later the 7857: Later the 7817: 7795:Thebais Inferior 7790:Thebais Superior 7747:Diocese of Egypt 7737:Theodorias (528) 7599:Armenia IV (536) 7451: 7354:Diocese of Dacia 7344:Valeria ripensis 7302: 7291: 7277: 7160:Tuscia et Umbria 7108: 7011:Diocese of Spain 6896: 6885: 6871: 6835: 6818:As found in the 6807: 6791: 6784: 6777: 6768: 6754: 6753: 6642:Pannonia Secunda 6247:Trebeništa masks 6227:Spectacle brooch 6070:Scodra (Shkodër) 6050:Scampa (Elbasan) 5766:Dardana Fortress 5635:Acruvium (Kotor) 5606:Illyrian kingdom 5016: 5001: 4994: 4987: 4978: 4969: 4955: 4934: 4923: 4900: 4879: 4862: 4844: 4835:(1–2): 109–122. 4819: 4798: 4777: 4756: 4728: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4703: 4697:. Archived from 4688: 4678: 4669: 4667: 4657: 4632: 4611: 4590: 4569: 4559: 4534: 4513: 4511: 4490: 4469: 4455: 4434: 4423: 4402: 4381: 4360: 4335: 4333: 4303: 4282: 4261: 4240: 4203: 4193: 4175: 4150: 4129: 4105: 4081: 4075: 4065: 4052: 4031: 4018: 3997: 3976: 3955: 3945: 3918: 3895: 3876: 3863: 3851: 3834: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3657: 3651: 3640: 3634: 3628: 3622: 3616: 3610: 3604: 3595: 3594: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3544: 3535: 3534: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3407: 3401: 3395: 3389: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3300: 3289: 3280: 3268: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3212: 3206: 3194: 3185: 3180: 3174: 3171: 3165: 3162: 3156: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3127: 3121: 3115: 3109: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3040: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 2995: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2950: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2798: 2791: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2761: 2755: 2746: 2740: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2698: 2692: 2683: 2677: 2671: 2665: 2659: 2653: 2647: 2641: 2635: 2629: 2623: 2605: 2599: 2593: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2554: 2548: 2545: 2539: 2533: 2524: 2518: 2509: 2503: 2497: 2491: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2455: 2449: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2405: 2399: 2393: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2343: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2316: 2310: 2299: 2293: 2284: 2278: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2244: 2238: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2217: 2211: 2202: 2196: 2177: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2150: 2144: 2135: 2129: 2118: 2109:, p. 414: " 2104: 2098: 2094: 2085: 2079: 2068: 2062: 2053: 2047: 2041: 2035: 2029: 2017: 2008: 2002: 1996: 1990: 1981: 1979:Latin Dictionary 1976: 1970: 1964: 1816:Radoslav Katičić 1684:Ptolemy Ceraunos 1673:Dardanian rulers 1647:Ptolemy Ceraunos 1629: 1628: 1622:Autariaton khora 1619: 1618: 1554:Justiniana Prima 1423:Bato of Dardania 1358:Ptolemy Keraunos 1239:material culture 1128:ancestor of the 1088:Diodorus Siculus 842: 835: 828: 821: 814: 808: 798: 789: 780: 771: 764: 750: 743: 735: 721: 714: 707: 700: 693: 686: 685: 578: 568: 562: 539: 515: 509: 499: 493: 487: 486: 481: 475: 474: 441:Kalabroi/Calabri 415: 414: 390: 389: 380: 379: 374: 373: 356: 355: 350: 340: 334: 328: 178:Illyrian kingdom 119: 111: 110: 107: 106: 103: 100: 97: 94: 91: 88: 56: 49: 21: 8227: 8226: 8222: 8221: 8220: 8218: 8217: 8216: 8172:Thraco-Illyrian 8167:Illyrian tribes 8152: 8151: 8150: 8141: 8115: 8094: 8078: 8044: 8011: 7988: 7970: 7935: 7928: 7898: 7893: 7845: 7822: 7799: 7775:Augustamnica II 7741: 7648: 7560: 7498:Diocese of Asia 7492: 7445: 7434: 7420:Macedonia Prima 7386: 7348: 7324:Noricum ripense 7296: 7285: 7259: 7216: 7169: 7102: 7091: 7053: 7005: 6971:Alpes Maritimae 6957: 6943:Lugdunensis III 6900:Diocese of Gaul 6890: 6879: 6878:(395–476) 6861: 6828:established by 6812: 6801: 6795: 6765: 6760: 6737: 6724:Illyrian tribes 6696: 6658: 6617:Moesia Superior 6540: 6517: 6468:Desilo shipyard 6389:Siege of Pelium 6361: 6280: 6252:Vače Belt-Plate 6240:Selca e Poshtme 6138: 6055:Selcë e Poshtme 5844:Hedum castellum 5778:(Lower Neretva) 5640:Ad Acroceraunia 5623: 5615: 5558: 5339:Cleitus Dardani 5237: 5010: 5005: 4963: 4958: 4937: 4926: 4920: 4903: 4897: 4882: 4865: 4822: 4816: 4808:. Oxbow Books. 4801: 4795: 4780: 4774: 4759: 4753: 4731: 4716: 4707: 4705: 4701: 4686: 4681: 4672: 4635: 4629: 4614: 4608: 4593: 4587: 4572: 4537: 4531: 4516: 4493: 4487: 4472: 4458: 4452: 4437: 4426: 4420: 4405: 4399: 4384: 4378: 4363: 4357: 4339: 4307: 4300: 4285: 4279: 4264: 4258: 4243: 4206: 4196: 4166:(20): 887–919. 4164:Palaeohispanica 4153: 4147: 4132: 4126: 4108: 4102: 4084: 4073: 4068: 4055: 4049: 4034: 4021: 4015: 4000: 3994: 3979: 3973: 3958: 3921: 3915: 3898: 3879: 3866: 3860: 3849: 3837: 3826: 3822: 3817: 3813:, pp. 1–3. 3809: 3805: 3797: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3754: 3750: 3742: 3738: 3730: 3726: 3718: 3714: 3706: 3702: 3695: 3680: 3679: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3658: 3654: 3641: 3637: 3629: 3625: 3617: 3613: 3605: 3598: 3591: 3576: 3575: 3571: 3563: 3559: 3545: 3538: 3531: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3503: 3499: 3492: 3475: 3474: 3470: 3462: 3458: 3450: 3446: 3438: 3434: 3426: 3422: 3414: 3410: 3402: 3398: 3390: 3386: 3378: 3374: 3366: 3362: 3354: 3350: 3340: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3312: 3303: 3290: 3283: 3269: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3230: 3226: 3213: 3209: 3195: 3188: 3181: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3163: 3159: 3146: 3142: 3134: 3130: 3122: 3118: 3110: 3103: 3095: 3091: 3083: 3079: 3071: 3067: 3059: 3055: 3047: 3043: 3035: 3031: 3023: 3019: 2996: 2992: 2984: 2980: 2972: 2968: 2960: 2953: 2945: 2941: 2934: 2915: 2914: 2910: 2902: 2889: 2881: 2877: 2869: 2865: 2857: 2848: 2840: 2836: 2828: 2824: 2816: 2812: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2789: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2771: 2764: 2756: 2749: 2741: 2737: 2729: 2725: 2717: 2713: 2705: 2701: 2693: 2686: 2678: 2674: 2666: 2662: 2654: 2650: 2642: 2638: 2630: 2626: 2614:, p. 849; 2610:, p. 145; 2606: 2602: 2594: 2587: 2579: 2575: 2567: 2563: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2542: 2534: 2527: 2519: 2512: 2504: 2500: 2492: 2485: 2477: 2473: 2465: 2458: 2446: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2418: 2414: 2406: 2402: 2394: 2385: 2377: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2353: 2346: 2338: 2334: 2326: 2319: 2311: 2302: 2294: 2287: 2279: 2275: 2267: 2263: 2255: 2251: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2232: 2224: 2220: 2212: 2205: 2197: 2180: 2172: 2168: 2160: 2153: 2145: 2138: 2130: 2121: 2105: 2101: 2095: 2088: 2080: 2071: 2063: 2056: 2048: 2044: 2036: 2032: 2018: 2011: 2003: 1999: 1991: 1984: 1977: 1973: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1930: 1914: 1841: 1808: 1803: 1791: 1766: 1761: 1675: 1627:Αὐταριατῶν χώρα 1573: 1568: 1562: 1526:Moesia Superior 1472: 1454: 1419: 1295: 1214: 1209: 1134:Illyrian people 1017:in the name of 1011: 526:translation of 464: 454:(south-eastern 317: 297:Imperial period 285:Flavian dynasty 273:Moesia Inferior 269:Moesia Superior 255:in 39 BC or by 253:Marcus Antonius 146:Illyrian people 85: 81: 60: 44: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8225: 8223: 8215: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8154: 8153: 8147: 8146: 8143: 8142: 8140: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8123: 8121: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8113: 8108: 8102: 8100: 8096: 8095: 8093: 8092: 8086: 8084: 8080: 8079: 8077: 8076: 8071: 8065: 8063: 8056: 8050: 8049: 8046: 8045: 8043: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8021: 8019: 8013: 8012: 8010: 8009: 8004: 7998: 7996: 7990: 7989: 7987: 7986: 7980: 7978: 7972: 7971: 7969: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7952: 7950: 7941: 7937: 7936: 7932:ancient Serbia 7929: 7927: 7926: 7919: 7912: 7904: 7895: 7894: 7892: 7891: 7884: 7877: 7871: 7861: 7854: 7851: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7827: 7824: 7823: 7820: 7813: 7812: 7809: 7808: 7805: 7804: 7801: 7800: 7798: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7785:Libya Inferior 7782: 7780:Libya Superior 7777: 7772: 7770:Augustamnica I 7767: 7762: 7757: 7751: 7749: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7658: 7656: 7650: 7649: 7647: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7570: 7568: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7526:Lycaonia (370) 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7502: 7500: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7459: 7457: 7448: 7440: 7439: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7396: 7394: 7388: 7387: 7385: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7367:Dacia Ripensis 7364: 7358: 7356: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7310: 7308: 7299: 7287: 7286: 7280: 7273: 7272: 7269: 7268: 7265: 7264: 7261: 7260: 7258: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7226: 7224: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7190: 7185: 7179: 7177: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7116: 7114: 7105: 7097: 7096: 7093: 7092: 7090: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7063: 7061: 7055: 7054: 7052: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7029:Carthaginensis 7026: 7021: 7015: 7013: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7003: 6998: 6996:Novempopulania 6993: 6991:Narbonensis II 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6967: 6965: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6955: 6950: 6948:Lugdunensis IV 6945: 6940: 6938:Lugdunensis II 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6904: 6902: 6893: 6881: 6880: 6874: 6867: 6866: 6863: 6862: 6817: 6814: 6813: 6810: 6803: 6802: 6796: 6794: 6793: 6786: 6779: 6771: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6758: 6748: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6735: 6730: 6729: 6728: 6727: 6726: 6710: 6708: 6702: 6701: 6698: 6697: 6695: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6683: 6682: 6672: 6666: 6664: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6656: 6655: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6637:Pannonia Savia 6634: 6632:Pannonia Prima 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6586: 6585: 6584: 6576: 6575: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6556: 6550: 6548: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6538: 6537: 6536: 6525: 6523: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6515: 6514: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6459: 6458: 6448: 6443: 6442: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6392: 6391: 6381: 6375: 6373: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6359: 6356: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6344: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6317: 6316: 6306: 6301: 6290: 6288: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6278: 6275: 6274: 6273: 6272: 6267: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6218: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6148: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6136: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5912:Mursa (Osijek) 5909: 5904: 5897: 5892: 5885: 5875: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5811: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5762: 5761: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5631: 5629: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5592: 5591: 5581: 5576: 5566: 5564: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5554:Valentinian II 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5354:Constantius II 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5245: 5243: 5239: 5238: 5236: 5235: 5234: 5233: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5182: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5135: 5134: 5129: 5119: 5114: 5113: 5112: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5056: 5055: 5050: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5024: 5022: 5012: 5011: 5006: 5004: 5003: 4996: 4989: 4981: 4962: 4961:External links 4959: 4957: 4956: 4935: 4924: 4918: 4901: 4895: 4880: 4863: 4820: 4815:978-1782976783 4814: 4799: 4793: 4778: 4772: 4757: 4751: 4729: 4714: 4679: 4670: 4633: 4627: 4612: 4606: 4591: 4585: 4570: 4535: 4529: 4514: 4491: 4485: 4470: 4456: 4450: 4435: 4424: 4418: 4403: 4397: 4382: 4376: 4361: 4355: 4305: 4304: 4298: 4283: 4277: 4262: 4256: 4241: 4204: 4194: 4151: 4145: 4130: 4124: 4106: 4100: 4094:. I.B.Tauris. 4082: 4080:(34): 163–200. 4066: 4053: 4047: 4032: 4019: 4013: 3998: 3992: 3977: 3971: 3956: 3919: 3913: 3896: 3877: 3864: 3858: 3835: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3815: 3803: 3791: 3779: 3760: 3758:, p. 229. 3748: 3736: 3724: 3712: 3700: 3693: 3673: 3661: 3652: 3635: 3633:, p. 245. 3631:Papazoglu 1978 3623: 3621:, p. 224. 3619:Papazoglu 1978 3611: 3596: 3589: 3569: 3557: 3549:, p. 517 3547:Papazoglu 1978 3536: 3529: 3509: 3497: 3490: 3468: 3456: 3444: 3442:, p. 115. 3432: 3430:, p. 342. 3420: 3416:Mortensen 1991 3408: 3396: 3384: 3372: 3360: 3348: 3338: 3318: 3316:, p. 133. 3301: 3281: 3260: 3256:Papazoglu 1978 3248: 3246:, p. 188. 3236: 3232:Papazoglu 1978 3224: 3217:, p. 445 3215:Papazoglu 1978 3207: 3199:, p. 210 3186: 3175: 3166: 3157: 3150:, p. 140 3140: 3128: 3116: 3114:, p. 173. 3112:Papazoglu 1978 3101: 3089: 3077: 3065: 3053: 3041: 3029: 3017: 2990: 2988:, p. 185. 2986:Errington 1990 2978: 2966: 2951: 2939: 2932: 2908: 2887: 2875: 2863: 2846: 2844:, p. 169. 2834: 2822: 2810: 2777: 2762: 2758:Drançolli 2020 2747: 2735: 2723: 2711: 2709:, p. 114. 2699: 2684: 2682:, p. 410. 2672: 2670:, p. 505. 2660: 2648: 2646:, p. 216. 2636: 2624: 2620:Stipčević 1989 2616:Papazoglu 1969 2612:Crossland 1982 2600: 2585: 2573: 2561: 2549: 2540: 2525: 2510: 2498: 2483: 2479:Darlishta 2019 2471: 2469:, p. 310. 2456: 2444: 2424: 2420:Darlishta 2019 2412: 2410:, pp. 81. 2400: 2398:, p. 121. 2383: 2371: 2359: 2355:Papazoglu 1978 2344: 2342:, p. 201. 2340:Papazoglu 1969 2332: 2317: 2313:Stipčević 1989 2300: 2298:, p. 504. 2285: 2273: 2261: 2249: 2239: 2230: 2218: 2216:, p. 625. 2214:Šašel Kos 2010 2203: 2201:, p. 414. 2178: 2176:, p. 122. 2174:Šašel Kos 2005 2166: 2151: 2136: 2119: 2099: 2086: 2082:Zahariade 2009 2069: 2065:Papazoglu 1978 2054: 2042: 2030: 2022:, p. 131 2020:Papazoglu 1978 2009: 2007:, p. 144. 1997: 1995:, p. 626. 1993:Šašel Kos 2010 1982: 1971: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1952: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1929: 1926: 1913: 1910: 1873:soil fertility 1840: 1837: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1790: 1787: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1721:illyrian queen 1710: 1709: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1691: 1688:invading Celts 1674: 1671: 1651:invading Celts 1636:Roman Republic 1572: 1569: 1561: 1558: 1556:, and others. 1540:). During the 1453: 1450: 1294: 1291: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1010: 1007: 945:or the dental 728:Proto-Albanian 694:"thorn bush"; 684:ἄχερδος, ἀχράς 668:Proto-Albanian 657:Albanian tribe 587:(in 1467 CE), 463: 460: 447:Daunioi/Daunii 316: 313: 301:Roman emperors 72: 71: 67: 66: 62: 61: 57: 42: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8224: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8124: 8122: 8118: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8103: 8101: 8097: 8091: 8088: 8087: 8085: 8081: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8066: 8064: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8051: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8022: 8020: 8018: 8014: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7999: 7997: 7995: 7991: 7985: 7982: 7981: 7979: 7977: 7973: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7945: 7942: 7938: 7933: 7925: 7920: 7918: 7913: 7911: 7906: 7905: 7902: 7889: 7885: 7882: 7878: 7876: 7872: 7870: 7866: 7862: 7860: 7856: 7855: 7852: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7828: 7825: 7818: 7814: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7744: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7707:Palaestina II 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7655: 7651: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7614:Cappadocia II 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7584:Armenia Maior 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7571: 7569: 7567: 7563: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7495: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7441: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7397: 7395: 7393: 7389: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7359: 7357: 7355: 7351: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7307: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7292: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7274: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7223: 7219: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7183:Alpes Cottiae 7181: 7180: 7178: 7176: 7172: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7117: 7115: 7113: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7098: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7056: 7050: 7049:Tarraconensis 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7012: 7008: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6986:Narbonensis I 6984: 6982: 6981:Aquitanica II 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6964: 6960: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6933:Lugdunensis I 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6905: 6903: 6901: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6886: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6868: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6842:Constantine I 6839: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6822: 6815: 6808: 6804: 6799: 6792: 6787: 6785: 6780: 6778: 6773: 6772: 6769: 6757: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6740: 6734: 6731: 6725: 6722: 6721: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6715: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6707: 6703: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6681: 6678: 6677: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6661: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6583: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6543: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6530: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6520: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6457: 6454: 6453: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6419:Erigon Valley 6417: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6390: 6387: 6386: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6358: 6357: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6315: 6312: 6311: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6296: 6295: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6283: 6277: 6276: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6162:Daunian stele 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6141: 6134: 6130: 6129: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6092: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6015: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5986: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5969: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5932: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5902: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5890: 5886: 5883: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5873: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5856: 5852: 5850: 5849:Hija e Korbit 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5760: 5759:Lower Neretva 5757: 5756: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5724: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5707: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5622: 5618: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5549:Valentinian I 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5509:Pleuratus III 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5246: 5244: 5240: 5232: 5229: 5228: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5045: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5002: 4997: 4995: 4990: 4988: 4983: 4982: 4979: 4975: 4973: 4968: 4960: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4936: 4932: 4931: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4902: 4898: 4892: 4888: 4887: 4886:The Illyrians 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4821: 4817: 4811: 4807: 4806: 4800: 4796: 4794:9781443861540 4790: 4786: 4785: 4779: 4775: 4769: 4765: 4764: 4758: 4754: 4752:9788603991062 4748: 4744: 4740: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4721: 4715: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4691:Thesis Kosova 4685: 4680: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4628:9782951943339 4624: 4620: 4619: 4613: 4609: 4603: 4599: 4598: 4592: 4588: 4582: 4578: 4577: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4536: 4532: 4530:9782356133243 4526: 4522: 4521: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4488: 4486:9789025607937 4482: 4478: 4477: 4471: 4467: 4466: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4451:90-04-11024-0 4447: 4443: 4442: 4436: 4432: 4431: 4425: 4421: 4419:9781317754251 4415: 4411: 4410: 4404: 4400: 4398:9783170377103 4394: 4390: 4389: 4383: 4379: 4373: 4369: 4368: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4348: 4347: 4342: 4338: 4337: 4336: 4332: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4301: 4295: 4291: 4290: 4284: 4280: 4274: 4270: 4269: 4263: 4259: 4253: 4249: 4248: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4205: 4201: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4159: 4152: 4148: 4146:0-520-06319-8 4142: 4138: 4137: 4131: 4127: 4121: 4117: 4116: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4101:9780857739322 4097: 4093: 4092: 4087: 4086:Elsie, Robert 4083: 4079: 4072: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4054: 4050: 4048:9789042001619 4044: 4040: 4039: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4020: 4016: 4014:9783030300166 4010: 4006: 4005: 3999: 3995: 3993:9789609538244 3989: 3985: 3984: 3978: 3974: 3968: 3964: 3963: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3914:953-98832-0-2 3910: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3884: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3865: 3861: 3855: 3847: 3843: 3842: 3836: 3832: 3831: 3825: 3824: 3819: 3812: 3807: 3804: 3801:, p. 23. 3800: 3795: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3780: 3775: 3771: 3764: 3761: 3757: 3752: 3749: 3746:, p. 14. 3745: 3740: 3737: 3734:, p. 10. 3733: 3728: 3725: 3722:, p. 11. 3721: 3716: 3713: 3709: 3704: 3701: 3696: 3690: 3686: 3685: 3677: 3674: 3670: 3665: 3662: 3656: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3639: 3636: 3632: 3627: 3624: 3620: 3615: 3612: 3608: 3603: 3601: 3597: 3592: 3586: 3582: 3581: 3573: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3558: 3554: 3548: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3532: 3526: 3522: 3521: 3513: 3510: 3507:, p. 24. 3506: 3505:Petrović 2019 3501: 3498: 3493: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3433: 3429: 3428:Lane Fox 2011 3424: 3421: 3417: 3412: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3397: 3393: 3388: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3373: 3370:, p. 120 3369: 3364: 3361: 3357: 3352: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3335: 3331: 3330: 3322: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294:, p. 86 3293: 3288: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3273:, p. 85 3272: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3258:, p. 187 3257: 3252: 3249: 3245: 3240: 3237: 3234:, p. 216 3233: 3228: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3208: 3204: 3198: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3184: 3179: 3176: 3170: 3167: 3161: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3141: 3138:, p. 15. 3137: 3132: 3129: 3126:, p. 12. 3125: 3120: 3117: 3113: 3108: 3106: 3102: 3099:, p. 10. 3098: 3093: 3090: 3087:, p. 491 3086: 3081: 3078: 3075:, p. 470 3074: 3069: 3066: 3063:, p. 420 3062: 3057: 3054: 3051:, p. 404 3050: 3045: 3042: 3039:, p. 335 3038: 3033: 3030: 3026: 3025:Eckstein 2008 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3003:0-520-06319-8 3000: 2994: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2979: 2976:, p. 338 2975: 2970: 2967: 2963: 2962:Petrović 2006 2958: 2956: 2952: 2949:, p. 253 2948: 2943: 2940: 2935: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2920: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2904:Petrović 2006 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2876: 2872: 2867: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2838: 2835: 2831: 2826: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2811: 2795: 2788: 2781: 2778: 2775:, p. 35. 2774: 2769: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2739: 2736: 2733:, p. 14. 2732: 2727: 2724: 2721:, p. 18. 2720: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2700: 2697:, p. 411 2696: 2691: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2661: 2658:, p. 92. 2657: 2652: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2637: 2633: 2628: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2574: 2570: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2550: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2517: 2515: 2511: 2508:, p. 71. 2507: 2502: 2499: 2495: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2481:, p. 38. 2480: 2475: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2447: 2445:9780631146711 2441: 2437: 2436: 2435:The Illyrians 2428: 2425: 2422:, p. 65. 2421: 2416: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2384: 2381:, p. 68. 2380: 2375: 2372: 2369:, p. 69. 2368: 2363: 2360: 2357:, p. 523 2356: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2333: 2329: 2328:Petrović 2019 2324: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2262: 2259:, p. 41. 2258: 2253: 2250: 2243: 2240: 2234: 2231: 2228:, p. 20. 2227: 2222: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2170: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2149: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2100: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2031: 2027: 2021: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1980: 1975: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1960: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1902: 1900: 1892: 1888: 1887:Dea Dardanica 1884: 1880: 1878: 1877:Dea Dardanica 1874: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1805: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1768:Unlike their 1763: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1623: 1613: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1570: 1567: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1518: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1471: 1463: 1458: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1424: 1418: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1370: 1366: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1299: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1222:Neolithic era 1219: 1211: 1206: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1156: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1122: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1076: 1074: 1073:Mediterranean 1070: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1049: 1044: 1043: 1038: 1037: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1008: 1006: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 887: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 848: 846: 841: 834: 827: 820: 813: 807: 802: 797: 793: 788: 784: 779: 775: 770: 763: 758: 754: 749: 742: 741: 734: 729: 725: 720: 713: 706: 699: 692: 681: 677: 673: 669: 664: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 643:, Dardhaj in 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 577: 572: 567: 561: 560: 554: 550: 546: 541: 538: 533: 529: 525: 521: 520: 514: 508: 503: 498: 492: 480: 469: 461: 459: 457: 453: 449: 448: 443: 442: 438: 434: 430: 425: 423: 419: 410:a region and 409: 405: 401: 398: 395:; in ancient 394: 384: 368: 364: 360: 349: 344: 339: 333: 327: 322: 314: 312: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 245: 243: 239: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 201: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 142: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 115: 114:Ancient Greek 109: 79: 68: 63: 55: 50: 41: 37: 33: 19: 8137:Tricornenses 8074:Tricornenses 8029: 8006: 7841:Spania (552) 7702:Palaestina I 7682:Euphratensis 7629:Helenopontus 7609:Cappadocia I 7516:Hellespontus 7415:Epirus Vetus 7382:Praevalitana 7297:of Illyricum 7087:Valentia (?) 7072:Britannia II 6976:Aquitanica I 6854:theme system 6819: 6578:Prefectures 6546:Roman period 6463:Batonian War 6235:Boka-Përçeva 6126: 6089: 6012: 5989: 5983: 5966: 5899: 5887: 5870: 5806: 5721: 5704: 5583: 5519:Scerdilaidas 5504:Pleuratus II 5309:Bato Dardani 5121: 4964: 4943: 4939: 4929: 4909: 4885: 4875: 4871: 4832: 4828: 4804: 4783: 4762: 4742: 4737: 4724: 4719: 4708:23 September 4706:. Retrieved 4699:the original 4694: 4690: 4674: 4645: 4641: 4617: 4596: 4575: 4547: 4543: 4519: 4502:(37): 7–23. 4499: 4475: 4464: 4440: 4429: 4408: 4387: 4366: 4345: 4341:Lane Fox, R. 4317: 4313: 4306: 4288: 4267: 4246: 4212: 4208: 4199: 4163: 4157: 4135: 4114: 4090: 4077: 4061: 4057: 4037: 4023: 4003: 3982: 3961: 3927: 3904: 3900: 3882: 3872: 3845: 3840: 3829: 3820:Bibliography 3806: 3799:Shukriu 2008 3794: 3787:Shukriu 2008 3782: 3773: 3763: 3751: 3739: 3732:Shukriu 2008 3727: 3720:Shukriu 2008 3715: 3708:Rusakov 2017 3703: 3683: 3676: 3664: 3655: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3626: 3614: 3579: 3572: 3560: 3551: 3519: 3512: 3500: 3481: 3477: 3471: 3464:Buqinca 2021 3459: 3447: 3435: 3423: 3411: 3404:Cabanes 2002 3399: 3394:, p. 47 3392:Hammond 1988 3387: 3382:, p. 86 3375: 3363: 3358:, p. 64 3351: 3343: 3328: 3321: 3314:Buqinca 2021 3296: 3275: 3251: 3239: 3227: 3219: 3210: 3201: 3178: 3169: 3160: 3152: 3143: 3131: 3119: 3092: 3085:Hammond 1988 3080: 3073:Hammond 1988 3068: 3061:Hammond 1988 3056: 3049:Hammond 1988 3044: 3037:Hammond 1988 3032: 3020: 2993: 2981: 2974:Hammond 1988 2969: 2964:, p. 9. 2947:Hammond 1988 2942: 2918: 2911: 2906:, p. 8. 2878: 2873:, p. 3. 2866: 2861:, p. 9. 2859:Shukriu 2008 2842:Vranić 2014b 2837: 2825: 2813: 2801:. Retrieved 2780: 2773:Vranić 2014a 2745:, p. 15 2738: 2726: 2714: 2702: 2675: 2663: 2651: 2644:Buqinca 2021 2639: 2632:Buqinca 2021 2627: 2603: 2596:Crăciun 2023 2581:Crăciun 2023 2576: 2569:Crăciun 2023 2564: 2552: 2543: 2501: 2494:Demiraj 1997 2474: 2451: 2434: 2427: 2415: 2403: 2396:Demiraj 1997 2374: 2362: 2335: 2276: 2264: 2257:Shukriu 1996 2252: 2242: 2233: 2226:Shukriu 1996 2221: 2169: 2162:Hammond 1966 2114: 2110: 2102: 2045: 2033: 2024: 2000: 1974: 1962: 1915: 1903: 1895: 1862: 1842: 1819: 1809: 1795:Paleo-Balkan 1792: 1767: 1711: 1657:and his son 1640: 1621: 1609: 1575:A Dardanian 1574: 1523: 1496: 1492: 1478:province of 1473: 1420: 1402: 1394:Demetrius II 1375: 1351: 1319: 1304: 1283:Daco-Moesian 1271: 1260: 1243: 1215: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1167: 1159: 1153: 1143: 1129: 1119: 1115: 1077: 1058: 1052: 1046: 1040: 1034: 1021:who founded 1012: 998: 994: 993:< EPAlb. 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 922: 918: 906: 902: 898: 897:turned into 894: 890: 888: 883: 879: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 849: 844: 836:"pear" < 790:"to creak", 781:"to rattle" 753:Old Albanian 723: 675: 665: 652: 631:, Dardha in 627:, Dardha in 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 589:Dardhanesh-i 588: 584: 580: 552: 548: 542: 531: 527: 517: 467: 465: 445: 439: 432: 428: 426: 421: 417: 407: 399: 366: 362: 358: 357:). The root 342: 320: 318: 292: 277:Roman colony 246: 202: 174:Adriatic Sea 143: 134:Paleo-Balkan 129: 77: 75: 43:Ethnic group 40: 7888:Justinian I 7760:Aegyptus II 7692:Mesopotamia 7639:Paphlagonia 7468:Haemimontus 7446:of the East 7410:Epirus Nova 7334:Pannonia II 7067:Britannia I 6928:Germania II 6733:Settlements 6602:Epirus Nova 6257:Vače Situla 6133:Albanopolis 5998:Pola (Pula) 5901:Matohasanaj 5739:Chrysondyon 5665:Antipatreia 5650:Albanopolis 5499:Pleuratus I 5454:Justinian I 5329:Caravantius 5294:Bardylis II 5100:Daesitiates 5060:Atintanians 4648:: 449–463. 3452:Vujčić 2021 3440:Vujčić 2019 3380:Heckel 2006 3368:Wilkes 1996 3356:Heckel 2006 3292:Wilkes 1992 3271:Wilkes 1992 3197:Wilkes 1992 3148:Wilkes 1992 2883:Vujčić 2021 2830:Stojic 2006 2695:Boteva 2021 2680:Boteva 2021 2668:Vujčić 2021 2656:Wilkes 1992 2608:Wilkes 1992 2296:Vujčić 2021 2281:Wilkes 1996 2199:Wilkes 2012 2132:Vujčić 2021 2107:Wilkes 2012 2005:Wilkes 1992 1858:sun worship 1789:Enslavement 1741:Bardylis II 1717:Monunius II 1705:Monunius II 1667:Macedonians 1285:" and non-" 1279:Yugoslavian 1069:Sea Peoples 1036:Dardanelles 999:*ǵʰélh₃u̯o- 985:< PAlb. 870:, hence to 719:dʰorĝʰ-eh₂- 566:dele, delmë 530:(cf. Latin 482:; toponym: 470:(ethnonym: 309:Justinian I 225:Macedonians 8162:Dardanians 8156:Categories 8069:Cornacates 8002:Autariatae 7930:Tribes of 7865:reconquest 7755:Aegyptus I 7717:Phoenice I 7672:Cilicia II 7579:Armenia II 7329:Pannonia I 7001:Viennensis 6923:Germania I 6918:Belgica II 6858:Asia Minor 6830:Diocletian 6670:Illyrology 6588:Provinces 6309:Deipaturos 6261:Tattooing 6222:Soleto Map 6060:Sesarethus 5717:Brundisium 5645:Ad Quintum 5611:Taulantian 5596:Dassaretan 5579:Autariatan 5374:Diocletian 5196:Osseriates 5139:Dassaretii 5085:Bassanitae 5080:Baridustae 5065:Autariatae 4607:961616936X 4257:0198142536 4026:(Thesis). 3972:0521224969 3892:1254025622 3756:Ferri 2006 3607:Strabo,7.5 3244:Dzino 2008 3136:Mócsy 2014 3124:Mócsy 2014 3097:Mócsy 2014 2557:Savić 2022 2521:Baliu 2012 2506:Elsie 1998 2467:Elsie 2015 2408:Baliu 2012 2379:Baliu 2012 2367:Baliu 2012 1955:References 1869:vegetation 1812:onomastics 1680:Macedonian 1643:Macedonian 1632:Autariatae 1605:Autariatae 1564:See also: 1530:Diocletian 1468:See also: 1347:Lysimachus 1201:Diocletian 1177:Dardanians 1065:Bronze Age 847:toponyms. 774:Lithuanian 757:umlautized 705:ĝʰerzd⁽ʰ⁾- 698:(n)ĝʰ∂rdis 609:Dardhicë-a 303:, notably 166:Autariatae 130:Dardanians 8090:Albocense 7966:Scordisci 7940:Pre-Roman 7667:Cilicia I 7619:Galatia I 7574:Armenia I 7541:Pamphylia 7473:Moesia II 7430:Thessalia 7207:Raetia II 7039:Lusitania 7034:Gallaecia 7024:Balearica 6913:Belgica I 6612:Macedonia 6607:Illyricum 6582:Illyricum 6572:Macedonia 6567:Illyricum 6558:Dioceses 6424:Lyncestis 6348:Nymphaion 6215:Peucetian 6210:Messapian 6167:Education 6128:Zgërdhesh 6003:Poslishte 5979:Pituntium 5895:Lychnidus 5771:Delminium 5749:Damastion 5670:Apollonia 5660:Andetrium 5621:Geography 5601:Enchelean 5584:Dardanian 5469:Monounios 5419:Grabos II 5394:Flavianus 5284:Baraliris 5226:Taulantii 5221:Siculotae 5216:Sardiatae 5164:Iapygians 5095:Bylliones 5048:Docleatai 5008:Illyrians 4952:1857-6958 4906:"Dardani" 4889:. Wiley. 4859:245589829 4851:0514-7727 4566:244293507 4500:Balcanica 4444:. Brill. 4292:. Wiley. 4237:164155370 4190:230710587 4182:1578-5386 4058:Athenaeum 3952:0563-5780 3936:: 77–83. 3744:Zeqo 2016 3669:Dana 2014 2743:Alaj 2019 2731:Alaj 2019 2719:Alaj 2019 2707:Rama 2021 2536:Orel 1998 1949:Thracians 1944:Illyrians 1764:Bad press 1617:Δαρδανική 1612:Illyrians 1542:Byzantine 1484:Scordisci 1480:Macedonia 1452:Roman era 1446:Scordisci 1441:Bastarnae 1432:Bastarnae 1388:captured 1378:Paeonians 1330:defection 1326:Philip II 1212:Emergence 1126:eponymous 1003:Eric Hamp 997:< PIE 995:*ȷ́élu̯a- 991:*dziella- 880:*dhereĝh- 876:Hesychius 803:parallel 796:go-dyrddu 585:Dardhan-i 543:In 1854, 485:Δαρδανική 466:The name 462:Etymology 408:Derdensis 372:Δερδιενις 354:Δαρδανική 348:Dardanike 332:Dardanioi 326:Dardaneis 229:Paeonians 198:Quemedava 194:Dardapara 65:Languages 8120:Thracian 8106:Amantini 8099:Illyrian 8040:Triballi 8025:Agrianes 8017:Thracian 7994:Illyrian 7956:Celegeri 7634:Honorias 7604:Bithynia 7377:Moesia I 7372:Dardania 7314:Dalmatia 7235:Byzacena 7202:Raetia I 7150:Sardinia 7125:Campania 7103:of Italy 6826:dioceses 6756:Category 6746:Timeline 6622:Pannonia 6597:Delmatia 6592:Dardania 6529:Illyrian 6522:Language 6439:Phoenice 6415:Battles 6371:weaponry 6353:Swastika 6326:Medaurus 6294:Religion 6196:Pottery 6122:Vendenis 6107:Ulkinium 6080:Tilurium 6075:Thronion 5985:Pogradec 5968:Persqopi 5952:Palaeste 5834:Eugenium 5829:Epicaria 5824:Enkelana 5792:Doracium 5744:Creonion 5700:Bassania 5695:Bargulum 5574:Labeatan 5570:Ardiaean 5539:Triteuta 5514:Pleurias 5474:Monunius 5459:Longarus 5449:Justin I 5414:Grabos I 5399:Galaurus 5314:Bircenna 5289:Bardylis 5279:Ballaios 5274:Aurelian 5211:Pirustae 5206:Penestae 5201:Parthini 5144:Enchelei 5132:Thuantai 5110:Tariotes 5105:Dalmatae 5075:Balaites 5053:Labeatae 5038:Amantini 4735:(1989). 4462:(1969). 4229:30103175 4112:(2008). 4088:(2015). 2803:3 August 2794:Archived 1928:See also 1891:Dardania 1839:Religion 1829:Thracian 1825:Illyrian 1806:Language 1770:Thracian 1753:Bardylis 1749:Monunios 1745:Bircenna 1729:Bardylis 1694:Longarus 1655:Longarus 1597:Thunatae 1507:Domitian 1499:Augustus 1486:and the 1428:Philip V 1409:Philip V 1398:Ardiaean 1390:Bylazora 1386:Longarus 1287:Illyrian 1267:Illyrian 1230:Vlashnjë 1197:Dardania 1193:Dardania 1187:for the 1173:Tiberius 1139:Dardania 1130:Dardanoi 1121:Illyrius 1116:Dardanos 1080:Polybius 1031:Dardanoi 1027:Anatolia 1023:Dardanus 1019:Dardanus 987:*dðiella 923:diellina 907:diellina 864:dardėt́i 860:dardurá- 712:dʰeregh- 641:Pogradec 629:Librazhd 603:(1417), 601:Dardhë-a 599:(1467), 595:(1431), 593:Dardhasi 591:(1431), 576:ujk, ulk 553:Dardania 549:Dardanoi 519:Pirustae 502:Albanian 491:Dardania 473:Δάρδανοι 437:Messapic 413:Δαρδανον 388:Δερδενις 383:Thessaly 338:Dardanoi 289:brigands 265:Domitian 242:Labeatan 238:Ardiaean 186:Thracian 182:Thracian 170:Dardania 158:Thunatae 138:Dardania 36:Dardania 32:Dardanoi 8132:Timachi 8127:Galabri 8111:Galabri 8030:Dardani 8007:Dardani 7961:Dindari 7831:Taurica 7765:Arcadia 7727:Syria I 7697:Osroene 7687:Isauria 7546:Pisidia 7521:Islands 7488:Thracia 7483:Scythia 7478:Rhodope 7197:Aemilia 7193:Liguria 7165:Valeria 7155:Sicilia 7145:Samnium 7130:Corsica 7019:Baetica 6891:of Gaul 6846:Ravenna 6811:History 6652:Sirmium 6497:Sieges 6483:Liburna 6367:Warfare 6331:Perëndi 6299:Andinus 6270:Sicanje 6200:Daunian 6172:Fibulae 6157:Coinage 6144:Culture 6112:Ulpiana 6097:Tsangon 6091:Triport 6065:Setovia 6008:Promona 5957:Parthus 5922:Nikadin 5917:Nareste 5889:Lofkënd 5866:Kodrion 5797:Dresnik 5754:Daorson 5712:Bouthoe 5680:Arnissa 5655:Amantia 5589:Kingdom 5529:Tacitus 5479:Mytilos 5424:Gratian 5404:Gentius 5191:Narensi 5179:Peuceti 5174:Messapi 5159:Iapodes 5154:Grabaei 5127:Galabri 5122:Dardani 5043:Ardiaei 5033:Amantes 4675:Baština 3932:(1–2). 2111:Dardani 1899:trinity 1865:Andinus 1827:' and ' 1801:Culture 1737:Cleitus 1725:Ardiaei 1601:Ardiaei 1593:Galabri 1585:Macedon 1546:Ulpiana 1534:Naissus 1421:In 201 1382:Paeonia 1322:Macedon 1274:Brnjica 1207:History 1189:Dardani 1168:Dardani 1164:Mysians 1100:Sallust 1084:Macedon 1060:Phryges 981:: Alb. 931:solanum 927:henbane 921:"sun" ( 911:henbane 852:Dardan- 826:krušiti 819:grušiti 783:Latvian 778:dardĕti 691:ĝʰor-d- 645:Mirdita 637:Dardhas 613:Albania 528:Dardani 507:dardhán 479:Dardani 468:Dardan- 406:tribe, 404:Daunian 343:Dardani 321:Dardani 233:Paeonia 209:Macedon 162:Ardiaei 154:Galabri 132:were a 126:Dardani 78:Dardani 47:Dardani 8192:Moesia 8083:Dacian 8062:Celtic 7976:Dacian 7948:Celtic 7883:in 536 7677:Cyprus 7662:Arabia 7463:Europa 7400:Achaea 6850:Africa 6719:Tribes 6714:People 6511:Oricum 6506:Medion 6488:Sibyna 6478:Lembus 6473:Helmet 6434:Pharos 6341:Tomorr 6336:Prende 6304:Bindus 6231:Tombs 6205:Desilo 6192:Pileus 6117:Uscana 6102:Ugento 6045:Salvia 6040:Salona 6030:Romajë 6025:Rhizon 6020:Ragusa 6014:Rabije 5991:Castle 5962:Pelion 5947:Oricum 5927:Nikaia 5907:Meteon 5878:Lissus 5872:Kratul 5839:Gertus 5818:Durrës 5787:Doclea 5782:Dimale 5776:Desilo 5734:Chinna 5729:Byllis 5723:Bushat 5675:Arduba 5544:Valens 5524:Sirras 5494:Plator 5489:Pinnes 5444:Jovian 5439:Jerome 5384:Epulon 5359:Cynane 5319:Caeria 5269:Audata 5264:Astius 5242:People 5186:Mazaei 5117:Daorsi 5090:Breuci 5028:Albani 5020:Tribes 4950: 4916: 4893: 4857: 4849: 4812: 4791: 4770: 4749: 4625: 4604: 4583: 4564: 4527: 4483: 4448: 4416: 4395: 4374: 4353: 4296: 4275: 4254: 4235: 4227: 4188: 4180: 4143: 4122: 4098: 4045: 4011: 3990: 3969: 3950: 3911: 3890: 3856: 3848:] 3774:Kosova 3691: 3587: 3527: 3488: 3336: 3014:p. 174 3009: 3001: 2930: 2452:dardhë 2442: 2115:dardhë 1924:type. 1922:string 1875:, and 1854:Labrys 1845:Romajë 1783:Greeks 1779:Strabo 1733:Audata 1663:Romans 1589:Strabo 1577:polity 1560:Polity 1511:Moesia 1462:Moesia 1362:Delphi 1315:polity 1218:Kosovo 1181:Moesia 1146:Horace 1112:Appian 1104:Appian 1096:Strabo 1054:Bryges 1048:Enetoi 983:dielli 963:*ĝ(h)- 961:(i.e. 939:*ĝ(h)- 872:dardhë 845:Darda- 833:peisom 801:Slavic 787:dàrdêt 724:dardhë 676:dardhë 649:Përmet 621:Dardha 597:Dardas 581:dardhë 571:Ulcinj 559:dardhë 537:dardhë 513:dardán 500:, the 497:dardhë 452:Apulia 397:Apulia 393:Lesbos 378:Δερδια 363:Dardas 261:Moesia 213:Justin 190:Dacian 150:Strabo 8054:Roman 8035:Moesi 7984:Moesi 7536:Lydia 7531:Lycia 7511:Caria 7405:Creta 7339:Savia 6706:Lists 6663:Other 6562:Dacia 6429:Paxos 6035:Runik 5974:Petra 5937:Oneum 5882:Lezhë 5861:Kinna 5855:Zadar 5808:Dukat 5802:Duboc 5706:Berat 5690:Aulon 5534:Teuta 5389:Etuta 5364:Dando 5334:Celer 5324:Caius 5249:Agron 5231:Abroi 5169:Dauni 5149:Eneti 5070:Azali 4855:S2CID 4741:[ 4723:[ 4702:(PDF) 4687:(PDF) 4562:S2CID 4550:(1). 4320:(1). 4233:S2CID 4225:JSTOR 4186:S2CID 4074:(PDF) 3903:[ 3850:(PDF) 3844:[ 3480:[ 2797:(PDF) 2790:(PDF) 1912:Music 1906:gjâma 1850:Smirë 1713:Etuta 1682:king 1645:king 1550:Scupi 1488:Maedi 1476:Roman 1405:Teuta 1265:, an 1226:Runik 1185:Moesi 1160:Moesi 1155:Moesi 1042:Eneti 1015:Iliad 989:< 977:> 973:> 969:> 965:> 919:diell 884:dard- 868:derdh 856:darda 840:peis- 838:* 831:* 824:* 817:* 812:kruša 806:gruša 792:Welsh 769:darda 767:* 762:dardh 751:. In 748:derda 746:* 740:derdh 733:dardā 731:* 717:* 710:* 703:* 696:* 689:* 680:Greek 653:Darda 625:Korça 617:Berat 605:Darda 532:pirus 524:Latin 456:Italy 422:Dard- 400:Dardi 365:, an 359:Dard- 281:Scupi 249:Roman 128:) or 122:Latin 7506:Asia 6848:and 6501:Issa 6493:Sica 6369:and 6314:Zojz 5942:Oria 5931:Klos 4948:ISSN 4914:ISBN 4891:ISBN 4847:ISSN 4810:ISBN 4789:ISBN 4768:ISBN 4747:ISBN 4710:2020 4623:ISBN 4602:ISBN 4581:ISBN 4525:ISBN 4481:ISBN 4446:ISBN 4414:ISBN 4393:ISBN 4372:ISBN 4351:ISBN 4294:ISBN 4273:ISBN 4252:ISBN 4178:ISSN 4141:ISBN 4120:ISBN 4096:ISBN 4043:ISBN 4009:ISBN 3988:ISBN 3967:ISBN 3948:ISSN 3909:ISBN 3888:OCLC 3854:ISBN 3689:ISBN 3585:ISBN 3525:ISBN 3486:ISBN 3334:ISBN 3007:ISBN 2999:ISBN 2928:ISBN 2805:2010 2440:ISBN 1920:and 1918:wind 1871:and 1700:Bato 1665:and 1659:Bato 1603:and 1595:and 1272:The 1228:and 1191:and 1183:and 1150:Ovid 1148:and 1057:and 1045:and 979:dh/d 895:*g̑h 891:*g̑h 726:the 678:and 633:Puka 551:and 444:and 431:and 418:-ano 402:, a 335:and 315:Name 307:and 271:and 227:and 203:The 196:and 164:and 156:and 76:The 7195:et 6131:(? 4837:doi 4660:hdl 4650:doi 4552:doi 4504:doi 4326:doi 4217:doi 4168:doi 3938:doi 2924:160 2454:)." 1723:of 1538:Niš 935:sol 903:*dz 899:*dʑ 639:in 623:in 450:in 420:in 391:in 381:in 93:ɑːr 59:NW. 8158:: 6834:c. 6832:, 6321:En 4944:13 4942:. 4876:61 4874:. 4870:. 4853:. 4845:. 4833:69 4831:. 4827:. 4693:. 4689:. 4658:. 4644:. 4640:. 4560:. 4548:14 4546:. 4542:. 4498:. 4324:. 4316:. 4312:. 4231:. 4223:. 4213:61 4211:. 4184:. 4176:. 4162:. 4076:. 4062:96 4060:. 3946:. 3871:. 3599:^ 3539:^ 3342:. 3304:^ 3284:^ 3263:^ 3189:^ 3104:^ 3005:, 2954:^ 2926:. 2890:^ 2849:^ 2792:. 2765:^ 2750:^ 2687:^ 2588:^ 2528:^ 2513:^ 2486:^ 2459:^ 2386:^ 2347:^ 2320:^ 2303:^ 2288:^ 2206:^ 2181:^ 2154:^ 2139:^ 2122:^ 2089:^ 2072:^ 2057:^ 2012:^ 1985:^ 1835:. 1785:. 1743:, 1735:, 1731:, 1696:; 1669:. 1607:. 1552:, 1548:, 1490:. 1224:. 1141:. 1106:, 1102:, 1098:, 1094:, 1090:, 1075:. 1051:, 975:dð 971:dz 967:ȷ́ 959:dð 955:dz 951:ȷ́ 943:dh 822:, 809:, 759:: 701:; 663:. 635:, 619:, 607:, 540:. 510:, 385:; 369:; 329:, 311:. 148:. 124:: 120:; 116:: 112:; 105:aɪ 7923:e 7916:t 7909:v 6790:e 6783:t 6776:v 6135:) 5994:) 5988:( 5933:) 5929:( 5884:) 5880:( 5857:) 5820:) 5816:( 5628:) 5624:( 5572:- 5000:e 4993:t 4986:v 4954:. 4922:. 4899:. 4878:. 4861:. 4839:: 4818:. 4797:. 4776:. 4755:. 4712:. 4695:1 4668:. 4662:: 4652:: 4646:1 4631:. 4610:. 4589:. 4568:. 4554:: 4533:. 4512:. 4506:: 4489:. 4454:. 4422:. 4401:. 4380:. 4359:. 4334:. 4328:: 4318:9 4302:. 4281:. 4260:. 4239:. 4219:: 4192:. 4170:: 4160:" 4149:. 4128:. 4104:. 4051:. 4030:. 4017:. 3996:. 3975:. 3954:. 3940:: 3917:. 3894:. 3875:. 3862:. 3776:. 3697:. 3593:. 3533:. 3494:. 2936:. 2807:. 2559:. 2448:. 1624:( 1536:( 947:d 925:" 909:" 488:/ 476:/ 351:( 291:( 240:– 108:/ 102:n 99:ə 96:d 90:d 87:ˈ 84:/ 80:( 38:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index