254:
Commissioner Ken
Burnside to focus on overstayers above other duties for three months and told him that there were to be "no limitations on the operation". Burnside instructed his District Commanders to proceed without cooperation from the Immigration Department as it would slow down the operation. Random street checks were introduced by many District Commanders in order to fulfil the objective of arresting as many overstayers as possible. Chief Superintendent Berriman who was in charge of the Auckland police, told media that the police would stop anyone "who does not look like a New Zealander or who speaks with a foreign accent". Many New Zealanders including
332:, since Pacific Islanders only comprised one-third of the overstayers but made up 86% of those arrested and prosecuted for overstaying. Often, Pasifika citizens were targeted too. The majority of overstayers were from Great Britain, South Africa and the United States. The Muldoon government's treatment of overstayers also damaged relations with Pacific countries like Samoa and Tonga, and generated criticism from the South Pacific Forum. By 1979, the Muldoon government terminated the dawn raids since the deportation of Pacific over-stayers had failed to alleviate the ailing New Zealand economy.
188:
extensions. Appeals to the government by the Tongan Church led to the establishment of a committee of
Pacific Island leaders and immigration officials that selected 300 Tongans for permanent residency status. The manufacturing industry in Auckland argued that the expulsion of Pacific Islanders following the amnesty period would damage production. The government subsequently permitted businesses to nominate key workers for an additional two month extension. Kirk's changes in policies were criticised by the mainstream press, which highlighted crimes and violence perpetrated by
81:, where two-thirds of the Pasifika community lived at the time. The city's MÄori community were also adversely affected because of the similarities in appearance between many MÄori and Pasifika. The police controversially told MÄori to carry a passport with them, in case they were stopped by police on suspicion of being illegal immigrants. The raids continued until 1979, when they were halted by the Muldoon government as deporting migrant workers was a burden on the struggling economy, but they continued sporadically until the early 1980s.
365:
646:, the Labour Party campaigned on introducing a once-off amnesty for overstayers who had been residing in the country for ten years or more. Immigration Minister Andrew Little said that it was meant to honour the dawn raids apology by backing it up with action. Little estimated that between 14,000 to 20,000 people would be eligible for the amnesty. In response, the Green Party's immigration spokesperson
492:
214:
on the policing of the
Immigration Act. The report found that policing of the act was primarily reliant on tip offs by members of the public with the vast majority of informants being Pacific Islanders. The report questioned the legality of raids noting that there were no formal procedures and that police officers entered properties without a warrant using bluffs. It primarily, however, blamed the
276:
266:
and others with
Pacific Island heritage were stopped as part of these checks. Language barriers led to a couple registered on the overstayer register being held in custody for two and a half days before being released. On one 1976 weekend in Auckland, 856 passport checks and 200 house raids led to 23
213:
that was later criticised for stoking negative racial sentiments about
Polynesian migrants. Once in power, Muldoon's government restarted the Kirk government's police raids against Pacific overstayers. The criticism and controversy of the raids among other factors led to the commissioning of a report
630:
to specify the criteria for "out of hours" compliances visits; treating "out of hours" compliance visits as a last resort; considering their impact on children, the elderly, and other vulnerable individuals; assessing the reasonableness, proportionality, and public interest of these visits; and that
286:
The dawn raids were condemned by different sections of New
Zealand society including members of the Pacific Islander and MÄori communities, church groups, employers and workers' unions, anti-racist groups, and the opposition Labour Party, despite the policy being of its own making. One Pacific group
249:
wrote to
Immigration Minister Gill that the police would not be directly involved in the drive against overstayers mentioning the dubious legality of police involvement, a desire to focus on serious criminals, the damage to relations between the community and the police that further raids could have
235:
described the raids as "somewhat hit and miss", the
Muldoon Government introduced a twelve week stay of proceedings which would allow overstayers to register with the government and avoid prosecution. Those who registered could apply for a short stay, longer stay or permanent residence. Despite the
617:
criticised
Immigration New Zealand for continuing with dawn raids despite the New Zealand Government's apology for the 1970s dawn raids. At the time, Delamere was representing a Chinese overstayer known as "Chen" who claimed that he had been manhandled by immigration compliance officers during his
335:
During the late 1970s and 1980s, Pacific migrants continued to enter and settle in New
Zealand through both legal and illegal means. In 2002, the New Zealand Government introduced a Samoan immigration quota that allowed 1,100 Samoan citizens each year to receive New Zealand residency provided they
173:
conducted night and dawn raids against overstayers which sparked criticism from human rights groups and sections of the press. Police were reported to not have allowed some arrestees to dress properly, leading to some making court appearances in pyjamas and clothing loaned from cells. On 21 March
76:
The dawn raids were particularly controversial since Pacific Islanders made up only one-third of overstayers but accounted for 86% of those arrested and prosecuted. The majority of overstayers were from Great Britain, Europe, South Africa, and the United States. Effects were particularly felt in
423:
on 1 August, 2021. As part of the apology, the government announced that it would provide resources for schools to teach the dawn raids, $ 2.1 million towards academic and vocational scholarships for Pacific communities and $ 1 million towards Manaaki New Zealand short term scholarship training
187:
to remain for an additional two months and avoid immediate prosecution. The amnesty coincided with a policy to halt immigration from Tonga for two months other than on humanitarian grounds. Approximately 1500 Tongans left New Zealand during the amnesty while a further 2000 registered to obtain
253:
Gill responded by accusing McCready of not fulfilling his responsibilities. Muldoon described renewed raids as the "next logical step after the amnesty" and Cabinet subsequently instructed police to assume full responsibilities for overstayers. Police Minister Allan McCready instructed Police
143:
to fill a labour shortage caused by the post-war economic boom. Consequently, the Pacific Islander population in New Zealand had grown to 45,000 by 1971, with a substantial number overstaying their visas. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, New Zealand's economy had declined due to several
560:
The dawn raids were also covered by general and scholarly works including Sharon Alice Liava'a's 1998 MA thesis "Dawn raids: when Pacific Islanders were forced to go "home"," anthropologist Melanie Anae's chapter "Overstayers, Dawn Raids and the Polynesian Panthers" in the edited volume
621:
On 10 July 2023, senior lawyer Mike Heron released his independent review into Immigration NZ's "out of hours immigration visits." His review found that no change to New Zealand law and Immigration NZ policy had been made despite the 2021 apology, and that neither Immigration NZ, the
244:
In July 1976, Cabinet considered how to manage overstayers who had not signed the register for the stay of proceedings and decided in favour of letting the Police and Immigration ministers devise a plan as opposed to appointing 20 additional immigration officers. Police Minister
204:
leader Muldoon promised to reduce immigration and to "get tough" on law and order issues if his party was elected as government. He criticised the Labour government's immigration policies for contributing to the economic recession and a housing shortage. During the
609:
acknowledged the historical sensitivity around the dawn raids, he argued that Immigration New Zealand needed to "reserve the option" to use dawn raids against individuals involved in serious criminal offending or who posed a national security risk.
405:
also supported the Government's official apology for the dawn raids, stating that "this historic act of discrimination against our Pasifika communities caused anguish that reverberated across decades and it is right that we acknowledge this".
222:
District Commander Overton instructed his officers to reduce their role in the raids by only standing outside properties during raids to provide protection to immigration officers and by prohibiting raids between 10pm and 6.30am.
316:
published leaflets highlighting unfair treatment from the police and courts. The raids were also criticised by elements of the police and the ruling National Party for damaging race relations with the Pacific Island community.
1744:
303:
staged protests and succeeded in convincing the British crew of a cruise ship that was supposed to deport Tongan overstayers to refuse to sail with the deportees. The overstayers, however, were subsequently deported on an
1319:
1286:
178:
suspended the raids until the government developed a "concerted plan" calling the raids "alien to the New Zealand way of life". The raids were likely a diplomatic embarrassment for Kirk as they occurred during the
1352:
236:
assurances of immunity, 74 warrants were issued for people that had registered. Of the 4647 people that registered all except for 70 were Pacific Islanders and 1723 (approximately 50%) were allowed to stay.
1478:
92:
to resist the raids. Dr Melani Anae of the University of Auckland has described the raids as "the most blatantly racist attack on Pacific peoples by the New Zealand government in New Zealandâs history".
989:
1711:
618:
arrest, resulting in a broken left wrist. Chen also disputed Immigration NZ's claim that he had been involved in an organised fraud group involved with organising travel plans and visa applications.
601:
criticised the immigration department for conducting a dawn raid against a Pasifika overstayer in late April 2023. Ness described the raid as traumatising to sleeping families and children. While
1615:
1874:
1638:
1912:
2025:
950:
814:
463:
senior research fellow Melanie Anae described the apology as insufficient gestures and said that the Government had to go further before they could expect "real change." Members of the
1546:
1734:
386:
confirmed that the New Zealand Government would formally apologise for the dawn raids at the Auckland Town Hall on 26 June 2021. However, this official apology was postponed due to
650:
described the ten year deadline as too restrictive and said that the Greens if elected into Parliament would introduce a full amnesty for all overstayers with residency pathways.
1582:
1821:
1309:
1268:
1342:
2135:
1385:
474:
was deporting overstayers 'out of hours' even after the apology was made. The review made five recommendations to change the approach to these 'out of hours' visits.
1468:
623:
267:
arrests for overstaying. Berriman admitted to media that most of the people stopped by Police were Pacific Islanders despite maintaining that checks were "random".
96:
The raids deteriorated New Zealand's diplomatic ties with Pacific Island countries and have met with widespread condemnation in the following years. Prime Minister
1024:
975:
581:'s contemporary dawn operations against visa overstayers. In early May 2023, former Polynesian Panther Tigilau Ness, lawyer Soane Foliaki, Deputy Prime Minister
69:
squads conducting often aggressive raids on the homes and workplaces of overstayers throughout New Zealand, usually at dawn and almost exclusively directed at
1701:
869:
459:
promised to provide support for Pacific artists and historians to work with their communities to develop a comprehensive history of the dawn raids period.
152:. This economic downturn led to increased crime, unemployment and other social ailments, which disproportionately affected the Pacific Islander community.
336:
had a job offer and met other immigration requirements. In addition, the Government introduced a Pacific Access category which set quotas for people from
1605:
626:(MBIE), and the Immigration Minister had realigned their practices to reflect the apology. The review made five recommendations including amending the
467:-based Pacific Youth Leadership and Transformation (PYLAT) welcomed the Government's apology as a start but said that more work was needed to be done.
1902:
1767:
62:
2035:
635:
apologised that the Government had not updated its guidance on dawn raid policies following the national apology. Similarly, Acting Prime Minister
2125:
2120:
1155:
169:
Kirk created a special police task force in Auckland in 1973 which was tasked with dealing with overstayers. From approximately 12 March 1974 the
291:
combated the dawn raids by providing legal aid to detainees and staging retaliatory "dawn raids" on several National cabinet ministers including
940:
804:
2130:
632:
598:
54:
535:
and King Kapisi's clothing label "Overstayer" also re-appropriated the dawn raids for artistic purposes. The dawn raids were also depicted in
2070:
1532:
309:
117:
2061:
Anae, Melanie (2012). "Overstayers, Dawn Raids and the Polynesian Panthers". In Sean, Mallon; MÄhina-Tuai, Kolokesa; Salesa, Damon (eds.).
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73:, regardless of their citizenship status. Overstayers and their families were often prosecuted and then deported back to their countries.
1937:
586:
1568:
184:
1997:
1675:
726:
643:
452:
206:
1807:
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410:
88:
ethnic identity, today one of New Zealand's major ethnic communities, and led to the growth of social justice groups such as the
2090:
1086:
683:
1375:
210:
131:. Since the 1950s, the New Zealand government had encouraged substantial emigration from several Pacific countries including
409:
While the apology was originally scheduled to be held on 26 June, it was later postponed to 1 August due to the Wellington
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1679:
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201:
166:
47:
456:
391:
1844:
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985:
145:
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expressed "deep disappointment" that Immigration NZ had continued with the "dawn raids" despite the 2021 apology.
631:
any compliance visits be authorised by the relevant compliance manager and national manager. Immigration Minister
1473:
647:
548:
398:
1966:
1019:
431:
1875:"Immigration New Zealand needs to 'reserve the option' to use dawn-raid style tactics, Christopher Luxon says"
424:
courses for delegates from Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Fiji. The apology was covered by several media including
379:
community called for an official apology, describing the dawn raids as "government‑sanctioned racism".
578:
532:
478:
responded on behalf of the government by blaming Immigration New Zealand for failing to honour the apology.
471:
397:
gave an emotional testimony of his family's experiences with a dawn raid, stating that the apology restored
387:
376:
329:
296:
232:
215:
183:. On 1 April 1974, the government introduced an amnesty which permitted overstayers who registered with the
85:
70:
1739:
1416:
1314:
460:
436:
180:
1139:
448:
325:
at the time, left the police force over his opposition to the racism displayed in the police response.
536:
627:
911:
1852:
1343:"Government Minister Aupito William Sio in tears as he recalls family being subjected to dawn raid"
313:
288:
127:
The dawn raids were a product of the New Zealand government's immigration policies to attract more
89:
1639:"Dawn raids: Review slams Jacinda Ardern's 'hollow' apology after nothing done to stop dawn raids"
27:
Immigration raids against Pacific Islanders in New Zealand during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s
1183:
420:
300:
170:
66:
1114:
144:
international developments: a decline in international wool prices in 1966, Britain joining the
57:, who discontinued them in April 1974. However, they were later reintroduced and intensified by
1408:
1269:"'Government-sanctioned racism': Pasifika in New Zealand call for apology for dawn raid policy"
1242:
495:
A playreading of 'Dawn Raids' by Oscar Kightley at dawn near the harbour in Te Whanganui-a-Tara
2066:
2030:
1942:
1907:
1706:
1278:
945:
606:
1735:"Watch: Dawn raids: TV series The Panthers hits the screen, explores injustices of the 1970s"
567:
Polynesian Panthers: Pacific protest and affirmative action in Aotearoa New Zealand 1971â1981
614:
353:
128:
1610:
809:
636:
594:
590:
582:
475:
305:
149:
43:
718:
255:
189:
1667:
17:
500:
413:
in June 2021. On 1 August, this formal apology was finally given by Ardern in a public
402:
383:
368:
364:
279:
246:
105:
356:
were also considered eligible for residence provided they had a firm job offer in NZ.
2114:
470:
The apology was lambasted as "hollow" in a 2023 review after it became apparent that
175:
976:"Jacinda Ardern apologises for New Zealand 'dawn raids' on Pasifika people in 1970s"
870:"New Zealand Apologizes For 1970s Immigration Raids That Targeted Pacific Islanders"
1310:"Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announces apology for dawn raids targeting Pasifika"
1273:
980:
512:
499:
The dawn raids have been the subject of several literary works and media including
491:
464:
426:
759:
148:
in 1973 which deprived New Zealand of a major market for dairy products, and the
1238:
394:
318:
218:
for causing a situation which required police involvement. Following the report
120:
116:
108:
formally apologised for the dawn raids on behalf of the New Zealand Government.
104:
for New Zealand's colonial administration. In early August 2021, Prime Minister
97:
58:
50:
39:
35:
1500:
843:
1606:"Government's apology for dawn raids 'just the beginning', Pasifika youth say"
322:
292:
2082:
Frontier of Dreams: The Story of New ZealandâInto the 21st Century, 1946â2005
1282:
1469:"Jacinda Ardern apologises for New Zealand's 'dawn raids' on Pacific people"
250:
and the potential impact on New Zealand's domestic and international image.
1172:"Tonga & the Soviet Union: Problems in New Zealand-Tonga relationships"
100:
condemned the raids as "shameful" in 2002 while giving a formal apology to
1201:
275:
1505:
540:
441:
349:
231:
In April 1976, following a Cabinet meeting in which Immigration Minister
219:
78:
1903:"Chinese overstayer says his wrist was broken during a dawn raid arrest"
1187:
1171:
2026:"Election 2023: Immigration in spotlight as similar policies announced"
1879:
263:
2002:
1971:
1812:
1573:
1537:
1380:
1347:
401:
for the victims of these raids. The opposition National Party leader
345:
38:
from 1973 to 1979 and then sporadically afterward on alleged illegal
1768:"Westside: The Outrageous Kiwi history lesson I never knew I needed"
941:"Ardern gives formal apology on behalf of government for Dawn Raids"
1533:"Tongan princess in tears as she accepts formal dawn raids apology"
577:
The memory of the dawn raids has been evoked by various critics of
531:. The Danny 'Brotha D' Leaosavai'i and Andy Murnane's record label
490:
415:
363:
337:
274:
136:
132:
115:
101:
1998:"Sepuloni 'unaware' dawn raids would continue after 2021 apology"
1845:"Dawn Raids still happening and the government wants to know why"
1808:"Former Polynesian Panther condemns Immigration NZ's 'dawn raid'"
1976:
1817:
1578:
1542:
1150:
770:
544:
451:
welcomed the apology as a step in the right direction while the
341:
282:
led Cabinet during renewed raids and checks against overstayers.
259:
140:
1202:"Information sheet - Dawn raids, the ugly reality (Front page)"
328:
Critics also pointed out that the dawn raids unfairly targeted
2063:
Tangata O Le Moana: New Zealand and the People of the Pacific
1938:"Dawn Raids review urges new guidelines, possible law change"
563:
Tangata O Le Moana: New Zealand and the People of the Pacific
123:
created a special police task force to deal with overstayers.
805:"Government to formally apologise for race-based dawn raids"
1702:"The Mixtape 'The Panthers' writers Tom Hern and Nua Finau"
1501:"ew Zealand Dawn Raids: Jacinda Ardern formally apologises"
1569:"Pasifika leaders want more following Dawn Raids apology"
665:
663:
613:
In late May 2023, former Immigration Minister and lawyer
310:
Auckland Committee on Racism and Discrimination (ACORD)
2092:
Immigration and National Identity in 1970s New Zealand
2084:, Auckland: TVNZ and Scholastic, pp. 28â29, 64â65
1802:
1800:
1662:
1660:
1088:
Immigration and National Identity in 1970s New Zealand
685:
Immigration and National Identity in 1970s New Zealand
371:
formally apologised for the dawn raids in August 2021.
1009:
1007:
1376:"New date announced for official dawn raids apology"
758:
Damon Fepulea'I, Rachel Jean, Tarx Morrison (2005).
970:
968:
803:Cooke, Henry; Basagre, Bernadette (14 June 2021).
565:, and Anae, Lautofa (Ta) Iuli and Leilani Tamu's
1443:"Government offers formal apology for Dawn Raids"
1932:
1930:
1015:"New Zealand apologises for 1970s 'Dawn Raids'"
798:
796:
794:
792:
624:Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
301:Citizens Association for Racial Equality (CARE)
84:The raids contributed firmly to the genesis of
935:
933:
527:(2010), and Oscar Kightley's 2021 documentary
419:ceremony before 1,000 Pasifika guests at the
46:. The raids were first introduced in 1973 by
8:
1668:"The dawn raids: causes, impacts and legacy"
844:"The dawn raids: causes, impacts and legacy"
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
838:
836:
834:
832:
1967:"Independent review floats dawn raids ban"
2136:Anti-immigration politics in New Zealand
719:"Controlling Pacific Island immigration"
352:to be granted residency in New Zealand.
1156:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
723:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
659:
449:Mele Siu'ilikutapu Kalaniuvalu Fotofili
1057:
1045:
174:1974, the Labour Immigration Minister
165:In response to these social problems,
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
211:controversial electoral advertisement
7:
1791:
1225:
783:
712:
710:
708:
706:
669:
65:. These operations involved special
2034:. 23 September 2023. Archived from
1714:from the original on 14 August 2021
553:and in an episode of the TV series
299:, the Minister of Immigration. The
209:, the National Party also played a
1766:Petrovich, Amelia (15 July 2016).
1618:from the original on 4 August 2021
1585:from the original on 4 August 2021
1549:from the original on 6 August 2021
1513:from the original on 2 August 2021
1481:from the original on 6 August 2021
1423:from the original on 6 August 2021
1388:from the original on 4 August 2021
1027:from the original on 3 August 2021
992:from the original on 6 August 2021
953:from the original on 3 August 2021
25:
1965:Dasmarais, Felix (10 July 2023).
1747:from the original on 30 July 2021
1733:Te Rina Triponel (21 July 2021).
1676:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
1604:Anderson, Vicki (2 August 2021).
1407:Ardern, Jacinda (1 August 2021).
1355:from the original on 14 June 2021
1322:from the original on 14 June 2021
1308:Neilson, Michael (14 June 2021).
817:from the original on 14 June 2021
727:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
507:, Pauline Vaeluaga Smith's novel
453:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
1915:from the original on 24 May 2023
1682:from the original on 15 May 2021
1289:from the original on 15 May 2021
1176:New Zealand International Review
1113:Anae, Melani (17 October 2020).
382:On 14 June 2021, Prime Minister
1824:from the original on 4 May 2023
1267:Ma'ia'i, Leni (10 April 2021).
868:Faheid, Dalia (1 August 2021).
509:My New Zealand Story: Dawn Raid
321:, who was a senior sergeant in
2126:Polynesian-New Zealand culture
2121:Law enforcement in New Zealand
1873:Quinlivan, Mark (3 May 2023).
1409:"Speech to Dawn Raids Apology"
1115:"The Terror of the Dawn Raids"
912:"A proper dawn raids apology?"
375:In April 2021, members of the
1:
2131:Social history of New Zealand
2089:Mitchell, James (July 2003).
1467:Perry, Nick (1 August 2021).
1085:Mitchell, James (July 2003).
916:Otago Daily Times Online News
682:Mitchell, James (July 2003).
200:In July 1974, the opposition
1374:Whyte, Anna (15 July 2021).
1341:Whyte, Anna (14 June 2021).
1142:National Party advertisement
457:Ministry for Pacific Peoples
392:Minister for Pacific Peoples
390:. That same day though, the
1843:Mane, MÄrena (3 May 2023).
986:Australian Associated Press
146:European Economic Community
2157:
2098:(PhD). University of Otago
1277:. London, United Kingdom.
1094:(PhD). University of Otago
691:(PhD). University of Otago
271:Opposition and abandonment
1901:Xia, Lucy (24 May 2023).
1474:The Sydney Morning Herald
1243:"Policing the Dawn Raids"
487:Art, literature and media
63:Third National government
517:Sons for the Return Home
18:Dawn Raids (New Zealand)
1048:, p. 28-29, 64â65.
579:Immigration New Zealand
533:Dawn Raid Entertainment
472:Immigration New Zealand
388:COVID-19 in New Zealand
330:Pasifika New Zealanders
192:and Pacific Islanders.
71:Pasifika New Zealanders
1740:The New Zealand Herald
1417:New Zealand Government
1315:The New Zealand Herald
1170:Webley, Irene (1976).
648:Ricardo MenĂŠndez March
496:
461:University of Auckland
372:
283:
124:
2080:Parker, John (2005),
773:, Isola Publications.
644:2023 general election
494:
437:Sydney Morning Herald
367:
278:
207:1975 general election
119:
2141:1970s in New Zealand
2038:on 24 September 2023
654:Notes and references
628:Immigration Act 2009
519:, the documentaries
216:Immigration Division
185:Department of Labour
1672:New Zealand History
1153:. 1975 – via
525:Polynesian Panthers
289:Polynesian Panthers
227:Stay of Proceedings
181:South Pacific Forum
90:Polynesian Panthers
34:were crackdowns in
1794:, p. 221-240.
1710:. 14 August 2021.
1637:Coughlan, Thomas.
1228:, p. 234-236.
786:, p. 230-233.
672:, p. 227-230.
497:
421:Auckland Town Hall
373:
354:Pitcairn Islanders
284:
196:Muldoon government
171:New Zealand Police
125:
2072:978-1-877385-72-8
2065:. Te Papa Press.
2031:Radio New Zealand
1943:Radio New Zealand
1908:Radio New Zealand
1707:Radio New Zealand
1581:. 2 August 2021.
1545:. 1 August 2021.
1509:. 2 August 2021.
1023:. 1 August 2021.
988:. 2 August 2021.
949:. 1 August 2021.
946:Radio New Zealand
848:nzhistory.govt.nz
717:Beaglehole, Ann.
607:Christopher Luxon
129:Pacific Islanders
55:Labour government
16:(Redirected from
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615:Tuariki Delamere
537:Halaifonua Finau
447:Tongan Princess
360:Official apology
156:Policy responses
21:
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2055:Further reading
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1678:. 9 June 2021.
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894:Coutts, Brent.
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637:Carmel Sepuloni
591:Marama Davidson
583:Carmel Sepuloni
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476:Carmel Sepuloni
362:
306:Air New Zealand
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150:1973 oil crisis
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44:Pacific Islands
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2006:. 11 July 2023
1989:
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1946:. 10 July 2023
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1820:. 3 May 2023.
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918:. 16 June 2021
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900:. p. 345.
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603:National Party
574:
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501:Oscar Kightley
488:
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411:COVID-19 scare
403:Judith Collins
384:Jacinda Ardern
369:Jacinda Ardern
361:
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280:Robert Muldoon
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247:Allan McCready
241:
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202:National Party
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167:Prime Minister
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106:Jacinda Ardern
48:Prime Minister
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2036:the original
2029:
2020:
2008:. Retrieved
2001:
1992:
1980:. Retrieved
1970:
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1941:
1917:. Retrieved
1906:
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1291:. Retrieved
1274:The Guardian
1272:
1262:
1250:. Retrieved
1246:
1239:Workman, Kim
1233:
1221:
1209:. Retrieved
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684:
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559:
550:The Panthers
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524:
520:
516:
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465:Christchurch
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1772:The Spinoff
1645:. NZ Herald
1452:23 February
1447:The Beehive
1058:Parker 2005
1046:Parker 2005
642:During the
587:Green Party
547:miniseries
523:(2005) and
395:William Sio
319:Kim Workman
121:Norman Kirk
98:Helen Clark
59:Rob Muldoon
51:Norman Kirk
40:overstayers
36:New Zealand
2115:Categories
1777:11 January
1211:11 January
1020:Al Jazeera
762:Dawn Raids
732:30 October
589:co-leader
521:Dawn Raids
505:Dawn Raids
432:Al Jazeera
323:Lower Hutt
297:Frank Gill
293:Bill Birch
264:Tokelauans
233:Frank Gill
112:Background
32:dawn raids
2102:8 January
1792:Anae 2012
1751:19 August
1718:16 August
1643:NZ Herald
1283:0261-3077
1247:E-Tangata
1226:Anae 2012
1124:7 January
1119:E-Tangata
1098:8 January
784:Anae 2012
695:8 January
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1822:Archived
1745:Archived
1712:Archived
1680:Archived
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1511:Archived
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1421:Archived
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990:Archived
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951:Archived
815:Archived
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555:Westside
541:Tom Hern
503:'s play
455:and the
442:BBC News
377:Pasifika
350:Kiribati
220:Auckland
79:Auckland
2010:15 July
1982:15 July
1950:15 July
1880:Newshub
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1649:13 July
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1326:14 June
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879:19 June
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597:leader
260:Niueans
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2003:1 News
1972:1 News
1919:26 May
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1381:1 News
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482:Legacy
440:, and
434:, the
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139:, and
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1858:4 May
1828:4 May
1611:Stuff
1184:JSTOR
1092:(PDF)
810:Stuff
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416:ifoga
338:Tonga
256:MÄori
190:MÄori
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2012:2023
1984:2023
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