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frame that would allow detection of GHB. A 2009 Australian study found that of 97 instances of patients admitted to hospital believing their drinks might have been spiked, illicit drugs were detected in 28% of samples, and nine cases were identified as "plausible drink spiking cases". This study defined a "plausible drink spiking case" in such a way that cases where (a) patients believed that their drink had been spiked, and (b) lab tests showed agents that patients said they had not ingested would still be ruled out as plausible if the patient did not also (c) exhibit "signs and symptoms" that were considered "consistent with agents detected by laboratory screening."
1307:. Women were advised not to drink from punch bowls, not to leave a drink unattended and keeping drinks with them at all times (including when going to a dance or the bathroom, or using the phone), not to try new drinks, not to share drinks, not to drink anything with an unusual taste or appearance, take their own drinks to parties, drink nothing opened by another person, and if they feel sick to go with someone they know and not alone or with someone they just met or do not know.
942:
664:
765:, 451 (38%) positive for alcohol and 468 (40%) negative for any of the drugs searched for. A similar study of 2,003 urine samples of victims of suspected drug-facilitated sexual assaults found less than 2% tested positive for Rohypnol or GHB. The samples used in these studies could only be verified as having been submitted within a 72-hour time frame or a 48-hour time frame.
1155:
how common such use actually is. Law enforcement manuals describe it as one of the drugs most commonly implicated in drug-facilitated sexual assaults. Despite having a long half-life (18–28 hours) an incorrect belief is that
Rohypnol is undetectable 12 hours after administration which may result in victims failing to get a blood or urine test the following day.
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because their victims often drink it willingly, and can be encouraged to drink enough to lose inhibitions or consciousness. Sex with an unconscious victim is considered rape in most jurisdictions and some assailants have committed "rapes of convenience", assaulting a victim after he or she had become unconscious from drinking too much.
1119:
Rohypnol: the drug requires a test specifically designed for that purpose. One new process can detect a 2 mg dose of
Rohypnol for up to 28 days post-ingestion. Other tests for Rohypnol include blood and hair tests. Because the most commonly used drug tests often yield false negatives for Rohypnol, experts recommend use of
1334:. By shining a spotlight on premeditated criminal behavior, Philip Jenkins states that it has relieved the culture from having to explore and evaluate more nuanced forms of male sexual aggression towards people, such as those displayed in date rapes that were not facilitated by the surreptitious administration of drugs.
975:. During social interactions, alcohol consumption causes more biased appraisal of a partner's sexual motives while impairing communication about and enhancing misperception of sexual intentions, effects exacerbated by peer influence about how to behave when drinking. The effects of alcohol at the point of
1191:(NDIC) says that in the United States GHB had surpassed Rohypnol as the substance most commonly used in drug-facilitated sexual assaults, likely because GHB is much more easily available, cheaper and leaves the body more quickly. GHB is only detectable in urine for six to twelve hours after ingestion.
1310:
News media has been criticized for overstating the threat of drug-facilitated sexual assault, for providing "how to" material for potential date rapists and for advocating "grossly excessive protective measures for women, particularly in coverage between 1996 and 1998. Law enforcement representatives
1154:
Rohypnol is believed to be commonly used in drug-facilitated sexual assaults in the United States, the United
Kingdom, and throughout Europe, Asia and South America. Although Rohypnol's use in drug-facilitated sexual assaults has been covered extensively in the news media, researchers disagree about
963:
Researchers agree that the drug most commonly involved in drug-facilitated sexual assaults is alcohol, which the victim has consumed voluntarily in most cases. In most jurisdictions, alcohol is legal and readily available and is used in the majority of sexual assaults. Many perpetrators use alcohol
1353:
told of white middle-class women being surreptitiously drugged, abducted, and sold into sexual slavery to Latin
American brothels. This analysis does not contradict instances when date rape drugs are used or sexual trafficking occurs; its focus is on actual prevalence of certain crimes relative to
768:
A three-year study in the UK detected sedatives or disinhibiting drugs that victims said they had not voluntarily taken in the urine of two percent of suspected drug-facilitated sexual assault victims. In 65% of the 1,014 cases included in this study, testing could not be conducted within a time
1118:
Benzodiazepines can be detected in urine through the use of drug tests administered by medical officials or sold at pharmacies and performed at home. Most tests will detect benzodiazepines for a maximum of 72 hours after it was taken. Most general benzodiazepine detection tests will not detect
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involving the use of surreptitious drug administration, due to the report rate of assaults and because rape victims who do report are often either never tested for these drugs, are tested for the wrong ones, or the tests are administered after the drug has been metabolized and left their body.
991:, the study specifically ignored an Ohio statute that excluded "situations where a person plies his intended partner with drink or drugs in hopes that lowered inhibition might lead to a liaison." The author of the study later admitted that the wording of the survey had been ambiguous.
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magazine published "Roofies: The date-rape drug" which ended with the line "Don't take your eyes off your drink." That summer, researchers say all major
American urban and regional newspapers covered date rape drugs, with headlines such as "Crackdown sought on date rape drug"
464:
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because of reported incidents of their use in the context of two people dating, during which the victim is sexually assaulted or raped or suffers other harm. However, substances have also been exploited during retreats, for example
459:
802:) given to someone without their knowledge, with intent to incapacitate them. Serving someone a "Mickey" is most commonly referred to as "slipping someone a mickey". Drink spiking is common practice by predators at
1222:. Although it is not sedating like other date rape drugs, it has been used to facilitate sexual assault. It can increase disinhibition and sexual desire. Often Ecstasy is combined with amphetamines or other drugs.
1142:
In one 2002 survey of 53 women who used
Rohypnol recreationally, 10% said they were physically or sexually assaulted while under its influence. If enough of the drug is taken, a person may experience a state of
728:
retreats. The substances are not exclusively used to perpetrate sexual assault or rape, but are the properties or side-effects of substances normally used for legitimate medical purposes. One of the most common
2795:
1139:) pills are typically small and dissolve readily into drinks without significantly affecting their taste or color, allowing the pills to be easily administered surreptitiously to victims.
185:
849:, consumed voluntarily, is the most commonly used drug involved in sexual assaults. Since the mid-1990s, the media and researchers have also documented an increased use of drugs such as
1180:, to increase sociability, to promote libido and lower inhibitions. It is sold under names such as Rufies, Liquid E and Liquid X. It is usually taken orally, by the capful or teaspoon.
261:
3007:
Holmes, Cindy; Ristock, Janice L. (2004). "Exploring
Discursive Constructions of Lesbian Abuse: Looking Inside and Out". In Shearer-Cremean, Christine; Winkelmann, Carol L. (eds.).
2262:
1096:, and several other conditions, and are also frequently used recreationally. Benzodiazepines are often used in drug-facilitated sexual assaults, with the most notorious being
987:
released a special report, "The Making of an
Epidemic," criticizing a study conducted in the 1990s that concluded that 55% of rape victims had been intoxicated. According to
1605:
Scott-Ham, Michael; Burton, Fiona C. (August 2005). "Toxicological findings in cases of alleged drug-facilitated sexual assault in the United
Kingdom over a 3-year period".
1151:), and feeling woozy, hung-over, confused, dizzy, sluggish and uncoordinated, often with an upset stomach. They may also have some difficulty moving their limbs normally.
451:
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study ranking various drugs (legal and illegal) based on statements by drug-harm experts. This study rated alcohol the most harmful drug overall, and the only drug more
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students, is a nail polish that changes color in the presence of date rape drugs. Several others have also been designed with these color-changing mechanisms in mind.
210:
1802:
Bechtel, Laura K. (25 October 2010). "Drug-Facilitated Sexual
Assault". In Holstege, Christopher P.; Neer, Thomas M.; Saathoff, Gregory B.; Furbee, R. Brent (eds.).
1230:
Several devices have, in recent years, been developed to detect the presence of date rape drugs, many designed with discreetness in mind. One, developed by two
1746:
1246:: a non-electronic stainless steel straw including a ring that would change colors in the presence of GHB, Rohypnol, or ketamine. Another, designed by four
1242:, but appears similar to a straw, and sends a text to the user's phone to warn them. In 2022, another "Smart Straw" product was designed by students at the
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426:
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The increase of sexual assaults on college campuses has been attributed to the social expectations of students to participate in alcohol consumption;
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In violent incidents recorded by the police in which alcohol was a factor, about 9% of the offenders and nearly 14% of the victims were under age 21.
753:
A 1999 study of 1,179 urine specimens from victims of suspected drug-facilitated sexual assaults in 49 American states found six (0.5%) positive for
3187:
2898:
2012:
1465:"Rising Incidence of Hospital-reported Drug-facilitated Sexual Assault in a Large Urban Community in Canada: Retrospective Population-based Study"
1187:. A 26-month study of 1,179 urine samples from suspected drug-facilitated sexual assaults across the United States found 4% positive for GHB. The
979:
commonly include an impaired ability to rectify misperceptions and a diminished ability to resist sexual advances and aggressive sexual behavior.
436:
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Karila, Laurent; Novarin, Johanne; Megarbane, Bruno; Cottencin, Olivier; Dally, Sylvain; Lowenstein, William; Reynaud, Michel (1 October 2009).
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737:, administered either surreptitiously or consumed voluntarily, rendering the victim unable to make informed decisions or give consent.
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McGregor, Margaret J.; Ericksen, Janet; Ronald, Lisa A.; Janssen, Patricia A.; Van Vliet, Anneke; Schulzer, Michael (December 2004).
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or dissociation. After the drug wears off, users may find themselves unable to remember what happened while under its influence (
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For similar moral panics around social tensions manifesting via discussion of drugs and sex crime, researchers point to the
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In 2002, more than 70,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 were victims of alcohol-related sexual assault in the U.S.
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180:
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From 1996 to 1999, 22 reports of GHB being used in drug-facilitated sexual assaults were made to the United States
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scare of the late 19th century, in which "sinister Chinese" were said to use opium to coerce white women into
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335:
301:
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1948:
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Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD (November 2010). "Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis".
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803:
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2834:"Undercover Colors SipChip: detects Flunitrazepam, Alprazolam, Diazepam, Midazolam, Oxazepam, Temazepam"
1327:
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762:
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67:
30:"Roofie" and "Roofies" redirect here. For a drug that may be specifically referred to as "roofies", see
2554:
2087:
2053:
1319:
1894:"[Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB): more than a date rape drug, a potentially addictive drug]"
1243:
830:
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89:
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833:(Irish police) began an investigation after a woman was spiked with a needle in a Dublin nightclub.
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in modern culture. Goode et al. say it has given a powerful added incentive for the suppression of
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and feminists have also been criticized for supporting the overstatements for their own purposes.
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to facilitate sexual assaults in the context of dating. Other drugs that have been used include
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On college campuses, 74% of the perpetrators and 55% of the victims had been drinking alcohol.
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were reported by young women in the United Kingdom from 2021 onwards. On 27 October 2021, the
791:
632:
164:
62:
3145:
Dubinsky, Karen (1993). "Discourses of Danger: The Social and Spatial Settings of Violence".
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Quigley, P.; Lynch, D. M.; Little, M.; Murray, L.; Lynch, A. M.; O'Halloran, S. J. (2009).
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Zemishlany, Z (2001). "Subjective effects of MDMA ('Ecstasy') on human sexual function".
2329:
1016:
On average, at least 50% of college sexual assault cases are associated with alcohol use.
2511:"Reflections on crafting an ayahuasca community guide for the awareness of sexual abuse"
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2622:
2040:
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1173:. It has no odor and tastes salty, but the taste can be masked when mixed in a drink.
941:
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ElSohly, Mahmoud A.; Lee, Luen F.; Holzhauer, Lynn B.; Salamone, Salvatore J. (2001).
1962:
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1693:"Reports of 'needle spiking' in Britain drive young women, students to boycott bars"
1677:
1559:
711:
is any drug that incapacitates another person and renders that person vulnerable to
2744:"French students create straw to test drinks for rape drug GHB | World | The Times"
1978:
1368:
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983:
902:
878:
866:
602:
357:
230:
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124:
2509:
Peluso, Daniela; Sinclair, Emily; Labate, Beatriz; Cavnar, Clancy (1 March 2020).
1804:
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1315:
1000:
946:
663:
617:
129:
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1620:
1207:
has been used in some ayahuasca retreats to sexually abuse ayahuasca tourists.
3016:
2922:"Drug Zaps Memory of Rape Victims / Sedative suspected in assault of girl, 15"
1909:
1323:
1219:
1170:
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976:
972:
668:
134:
17:
2758:
1917:
1893:
1721:"Young women boycott U.K. pubs and nightclubs over needle 'spiking' concerns"
1281:). In 1997 and 1998, the date rape drug story received extensive coverage on
1104:(proprietary or brand name), also known as "roofies," "rope," and "roaches."
2780:"Des Ă©tudiantes nantaises inventent la paille antidrogue - Sorties Ă Nances"
2572:
2527:
1314:
Craig Webber states that this extensive coverage has created or amplified a
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1112:
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922:
874:
862:
858:
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114:
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1523:
1508:
3009:
Survivor Rhetoric: Negotiations and Narrativity in Abused Women's Language
2076:
Blade, special report. "The Making of an Epidemic", p. 5. October 10, 1993
2013:"Alcohol-related sexual assault: A common problem among college students"
1264:
1259:
1239:
1177:
1101:
1093:
1073:
1048:(Ambien) is one of the most common date-rape drugs according to the U.S.
1045:
870:
854:
814:
754:
509:
2088:"Trends in alcohol-related campus violence: Implications for prevention"
1490:
3149:
Improper Advances: Rape and Heterosexual Conflict in Ontario, 1880–1929
1991:
1482:
1085:
1069:
906:
894:
890:
2864:"German inventors develop bracelet to test drinks for date-rape drugs"
2782:[Nantes students invent anti-drug straw - Outings in Nantes],
2956:. New York, NY : New York University Press. pp. 20 and 161–182.
2809:"What The Roofie-Detecting Nail Polish Gets So Wrong About Date Rape"
2355:
Practical aspects of rape investigation: a multidisciplinary approach
2165:
Practical aspects of rape investigation: a multidisciplinary approach
1871:(1. publ. ed.). Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press. p. 226.
1081:
1065:
1035:
2382:(7th ed.). Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. p. 169.
1326:, has inappropriately undermined the long-established argument that
1318:
rooted in societal anxieties about rape, hedonism and the increased
1747:"GardaĂ investigate claim woman 'spiked' in nightclub with needle"
940:
787:
2225:. Forensic Science and Medicine. Humana Press. pp. 127–144.
1115:
were the two most common benzodiazepines utilized for date rape.
3168:
2986:(2nd ed.). Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 217.
1644:"Prospective study of 101 patients with suspected drink spiking"
1215:
716:
46:
2138:"The Diamondback – Students encounter dangerous date-rape drug"
1009:
dictates that students drink heavily and engage in casual sex.
2299:
2297:
2219:"Analysis of Urine Samples in Cases of Alleged Sexual Assault"
1810:. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 232.
1282:
2591:"Ayahuasca Community Guide for the Awareness of Sexual Abuse"
2573:"'I was sexually abused by a shaman at an ayahuasca retreat'"
2308:(2nd ed.). Waltham, MA: Academic Press. pp. 338–9.
1524:"Prevalence of Drugs Used in Cases of Alleged Sexual Assault"
933:
is also often referred to as being used in sexual assaults.
2425:
Drugs of abuse: a reference guide to their history and use
1582:
Drugs of abuse: a reference guide to their history and use
3153:. Chicago u.a.: University of Chicago Press. p. 46.
3116:
Synthetic panics: the symbolic politics of designer drugs
3083:
Synthetic Panics: The Symbolic Politics of Designer Drugs
2952:
Synthetic panics: the symbolic politics of designer drugs
2608:
Harper, Nancy (2011). "Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault".
2357:(4th ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 339–446.
2353:
Hazelwood, Robert R.; Burgess, Ann Wolbert, eds. (2009).
2163:
Hazelwood, Robert R.; Burgess, Ann Wolbert, eds. (2009).
1994:. Survive.org.uk (2000-03-20). Retrieved on June 1, 2011.
2452:(3rd ed.). Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC. pp. 72–75.
3011:. Toronto : University of Toronto Press. p. 107.
1806:
Criminal poisoning: clinical and forensic perspectives
3087:. New York, NY : New York University Press. pp.
2718:"Device serves date-rape drug detection on the rocks"
2471:
2469:
1262:
in 1993, 25 in 1994, and 854 in 1996. In early 1996,
3120:. New York, NY : New York University Press. p.
2167:(4th ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 446.
27:
Incapacitating agent that may be used to commit rape
2223:
Benzodiazepines and GHB: Detection and Pharmacology
2107:
2105:
1408:(3rd ed.). Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC. p. 70.
3146:
3113:
3080:
2949:
2477:
2418:
2416:
2414:
1835:
1803:
2983:Moral Panics: The Social Construction of Deviance
2975:
2973:
2646:Fradella, Fradella; Fahmy, Chantal (2016-02-26).
2427:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 183.
2261:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1829:
1827:
1584:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 168.
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
745:No comprehensive data exists on the frequency of
2380:Drug use and abuse: a comprehensive introduction
967:Alcohol consumption is known to have effects on
211:Post-assault treatment of sexual assault victims
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1012:Various studies have concluded the following:
2484:. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis. pp.
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
688:
8:
2113:"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services"
1842:. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis. p.
1258:There were three stories in the media about
2980:Goode, Erich; Ben-Yehuda, Nachman (2009).
1797:
1795:
1275:) and "Drug zaps memory of rape victims" (
695:
681:
42:
2526:
2282:. Michigan Department of Community Health
2039:
1952:
1659:
1541:
1498:
1433:"Alcohol Is Most Common 'Date Rape' Drug"
1427:
1425:
2304:John O. Savino; Brent E. Turvey (2011).
1774:"Scopolamine: Colombia's Date Rape Drug"
1522:Elsohly, M. A.; Salamone, S. J. (1999).
1211:3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
1176:GHB is used recreationally to stimulate
2330:"Date Rape Drug: List and Side Effects"
1389:
1001:Campus rape § Influence of alcohol
522:
474:
334:
238:
172:
52:
45:
2889:"Crackdown Sought on 'Date Rape' Drug"
2405:Quick guide to psychiatric emergencies
2254:
2092:Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education
1608:Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine
719:. The substances are associated with
7:
2649:Sex, Sexuality, Law, and (In)justice
1745:Gallagher, Conor (27 October 2021).
889:; common recreational drugs such as
2221:. In Salamone, Salvatore J. (ed.).
773:Documented routes of administration
2920:Wilson, Marshall (June 11, 1996).
2623:10.1016/B978-1-4160-6393-3.00015-4
1691:Francis, Ellen (28 October 2021).
25:
2423:Miller, Richard Lawrence (2002).
1580:Miller, Richard Lawrence (2002).
1470:Canadian Journal of Public Health
1189:National Drug Intelligence Center
2862:Fleischmann, Anne (2019-04-11).
1661:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2009.01185.x
1529:Journal of Analytical Toxicology
747:drug-facilitated sexual assaults
662:
262:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3188:Drug-facilitated sexual assault
2901:from the original on 2020-03-09
2778:Sorties Ă Nances (2022-02-08),
2378:Abadinsky, Howard (June 2010).
2277:"Watch out for Date Rape Drugs"
1719:Hui, Sylvia (27 October 2021).
1248:North Carolina State University
1185:Drug Enforcement Administration
1050:Drug Enforcement Administration
39:Drug-facilitated sexual assault
2887:Shuster, Beth (June 8, 1996).
2555:"Sexual Assault in the Amazon"
2515:Journal of Psychedelic Studies
1867:Smith, Merril D., ed. (2004).
1648:Emergency Medicine Australasia
725:
1:
2687:10.1016/s0924-9338(01)00550-8
2192:(5th ed.). Belmont, CA:
2020:Journal of Studies on Alcohol
1963:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6
1234:researchers, is a sensor for
953:than to the users themselves.
757:, 97 (8%) positive for other
2840:. 2018-11-25. Archived from
1441:. 2007-10-15. Archived from
485:Marital rape laws by country
2716:Hornyak, Tim (2011-08-08).
2306:Rape investigation handbook
2231:10.1007/978-1-59259-109-1_7
1330:is purely a consensual and
869:, and the widely available
452:Russian invasion of Ukraine
3204:
2652:. Routledge. p. 155.
2450:Practical drug enforcement
2448:Lyman, Michael D. (2006).
2188:Goldberg, Raymond (2006).
2032:10.15288/jsas.2002.s14.118
1621:10.1016/j.jcfm.2005.03.009
1406:Practical drug enforcement
1404:Lyman, Michael D. (2006).
1084:, are prescribed to treat
1033:
998:
956:
837:Documented date rape drugs
786:(or simply a Mickey) is a
546:Sexual violence statistics
36:
29:
3017:10.3138/9781442684836-006
2741:Sage, Adam (2022-02-22).
2190:Drugs across the spectrum
1910:10.1016/j.lpm.2009.05.017
1236:gamma-hydroxybutyric acid
917:; nasal spray ingredient
761:, 48 (4.1%) positive for
407:Bangladesh Liberation War
3112:Jenkins, Philip (1999).
3079:Jenkins, Philip (1999).
3054:. London: Sage. p.
2948:Jenkins, Philip (1999).
2086:Nicholson, M.E. (1998).
887:histamine H1 antagonists
500:False accusation of rape
226:Sociobiological theories
2927:San Francisco Chronicle
2611:Child Abuse and Neglect
2528:10.1556/2054.2020.00124
2233:(inactive 2024-09-02).
1278:San Francisco Chronicle
804:drinking establishments
221:Secondary victimisation
173:Effects and motivations
3051:Psychology & Crime
3048:Webber, Craig (2009).
1364:Death of Samantha Reid
1354:media coverage of it.
1304:The Oprah Winfrey Show
1168:central nervous system
995:Alcohol in campus rape
954:
598:Rape and revenge films
556:Military sexual trauma
412:Sierra Leone Civil War
2476:Pyrek, Kelly (2006).
2403:Nordstrom, K (2017).
1834:Pyrek, Kelly (2006).
1328:recreational drug use
1164:Gamma-hydroxybutyrate
944:
731:incapacitating agents
643:Sexual trauma therapy
515:Sexual consent in law
490:Marry-your-rapist law
370:Occupation of Germany
181:Effects and aftermath
95:Drug-facilitated rape
2617:. pp. 118–126.
2553:(30 November 2021).
1869:Encyclopedia of rape
1562:. NCJ Number 181962.
1543:10.1093/jat/23.3.141
1345:. Similarly, in the
1244:University of Nantes
1107:The benzodiazepines
945:Table from the 2010
825:Multiple reports of
796:incapacitating agent
456:Israeli–Palestinian
402:Sri Lankan Civil War
383:Liberation of France
201:Rape trauma syndrome
196:Rape crisis movement
90:Cybersex trafficking
2750:The Times of London
2675:European Psychiatry
2119:on January 16, 2006
1947:(9752): 1558–1565.
1698:The Washington Post
1379:Mickey Finn (drugs)
1232:Tel Aviv University
1149:anterograde amnesia
1100:(chemical name) or
931:Gamma-Butyrolactone
881:(anti-psychotics),
561:Preventive measures
191:Pregnancy from rape
160:Unacknowledged rape
120:Live streaming rape
2796:Google Translation
2784:sortiesanantes.com
2597:. 5 November 2018.
2579:. 16 January 2020.
2144:on 10 January 2011
1483:10.1007/BF03403990
1438:Medical News Today
1121:gas chromatography
955:
897:, and less common
583:Rape crisis centre
531:Anti-rape movement
505:Rape investigation
73:Child sexual abuse
2894:Los Angeles Times
2838:Undercover Colors
2240:978-1-61737-287-2
2194:Thomson/Wadsworth
2011:Abbey, A (2002).
1904:(10): 1526–1538.
1320:freedoms of women
1272:Los Angeles Times
1125:mass spectrometry
1060:Benzodiazepines (
951:harmful to others
821:Syringe injection
792:psychoactive drug
733:for date rape is
705:
704:
633:Sexual harassment
345:Armenian genocide
165:Rape by deception
63:Acquaintance rape
16:(Redirected from
3195:
3173:
3172:
3152:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3119:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3086:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2977:
2968:
2967:
2955:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2746:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2616:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2530:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2483:
2480:Forensic nursing
2473:
2464:
2463:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2420:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2260:
2252:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2140:. Archived from
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2115:. Archived from
2109:
2100:
2099:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2052:. Archived from
2043:
2017:
2008:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1956:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1841:
1838:Forensic nursing
1831:
1822:
1821:
1809:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1780:on 24 March 2016
1776:. Archived from
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1663:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1577:
1564:
1563:
1545:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1502:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1429:
1420:
1419:
1401:
1332:victimless crime
899:anticholinergics
811:alcoholic drinks
697:
690:
683:
667:
666:
593:Rape pornography
578:Anti-rape device
536:Bodily integrity
523:Related articles
442:Syrian civil war
422:Rwandan genocide
392:Kashmir conflict
358:Italian campaign
336:During conflicts
297:Papua New Guinea
216:Weinstein effect
186:Factors involved
43:
21:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3161:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3132:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3099:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3027:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2994:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2872:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2847:
2845:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2818:
2816:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2789:
2787:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2763:
2761:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2726:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2614:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2475:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2422:
2421:
2412:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2338:
2336:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2253:
2241:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2196:. p. 195.
2187:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2122:
2120:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2015:
2010:
2009:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1954:10.1.1.690.1283
1938:
1937:
1933:
1898:Presse MĂ©dicale
1891:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1752:The Irish Times
1744:
1743:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1579:
1578:
1567:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1448:
1446:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1403:
1402:
1391:
1387:
1374:Reynhard Sinaga
1360:
1349:, a persistent
1347:Progressive Era
1256:
1228:
1213:
1202:
1197:
1161:
1133:
1058:
1056:Benzodiazepines
1043:
1038:
1032:
1003:
997:
969:sexual behavior
961:
959:Alcohol and sex
939:
883:chloral hydrate
844:
839:
823:
800:chloral hydrate
780:
775:
759:benzodiazepines
743:
701:
661:
648:Sexual violence
638:Sexual predator
628:Sex trafficking
623:Sex and the law
613:Rape statistics
551:History of rape
495:Rape shield law
432:Darfur genocide
78:Corrective rape
41:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3201:
3199:
3191:
3190:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3159:
3137:
3130:
3104:
3097:
3071:
3065:978-1412919425
3064:
3040:
3025:
2999:
2993:978-1405189347
2992:
2969:
2962:
2940:
2912:
2879:
2854:
2825:
2800:
2770:
2733:
2708:
2665:
2658:
2638:
2631:
2600:
2582:
2564:
2551:Monroe, Rachel
2542:
2501:
2494:
2465:
2458:
2440:
2433:
2410:
2395:
2389:978-0495809913
2388:
2370:
2364:978-1420065046
2363:
2345:
2321:
2315:978-0123860293
2314:
2293:
2268:
2239:
2209:
2202:
2180:
2174:978-1420065046
2173:
2155:
2129:
2101:
2078:
2069:
2026:(2): 118–128.
1996:
1984:
1931:
1884:
1877:
1859:
1852:
1823:
1817:978-0763744632
1816:
1791:
1765:
1737:
1711:
1683:
1654:(3): 222–228.
1634:
1615:(4): 175–186.
1597:
1590:
1565:
1514:
1455:
1421:
1414:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1359:
1356:
1343:sexual slavery
1298:Primetime Live
1255:
1254:Media coverage
1252:
1227:
1224:
1212:
1209:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1160:
1157:
1132:
1129:
1057:
1054:
1042:
1039:
1034:Main article:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
999:Main article:
996:
993:
938:
935:
921:; and certain
843:
840:
838:
835:
831:Garda SĂochána
827:needle spiking
822:
819:
779:
776:
774:
771:
742:
739:
713:sexual assault
709:date rape drug
703:
702:
700:
699:
692:
685:
677:
674:
673:
672:
671:
669:Law portal
659:
653:
652:
651:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
574:
573:
566:Rape by gender
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
541:Date rape drug
538:
533:
525:
524:
520:
519:
518:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
479:
478:
472:
471:
470:
469:
468:
467:
462:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
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409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
380:
367:
366:
365:
363:Imperial Japan
360:
355:
347:
339:
338:
332:
331:
330:
329:
324:
322:United Kingdom
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
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208:
203:
198:
193:
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183:
175:
174:
170:
169:
168:
167:
162:
157:
155:Statutory rape
152:
150:Sexual assault
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
110:Genocidal rape
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
86:
85:
75:
70:
65:
57:
56:
50:
49:
26:
24:
18:Date-rape drug
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3200:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3151:
3150:
3141:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3108:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3075:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3044:
3041:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3003:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2954:
2953:
2944:
2941:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2916:
2913:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2883:
2880:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2855:
2844:on 2022-01-18
2843:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2771:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2745:
2737:
2734:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2681:(2): 127–30.
2680:
2676:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2659:9781317528913
2655:
2651:
2650:
2642:
2639:
2634:
2632:9781416063933
2628:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2612:
2604:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2502:
2497:
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2482:
2481:
2472:
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2455:
2451:
2444:
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2436:
2430:
2426:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2399:
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2374:
2371:
2366:
2360:
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2349:
2346:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2210:
2205:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2156:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2059:on 2019-10-08
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2029:
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2021:
2014:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1985:
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1968:
1964:
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1955:
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1946:
1942:
1935:
1932:
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1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1874:
1870:
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1849:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1798:
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1792:
1779:
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1769:
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1754:
1753:
1748:
1741:
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1722:
1715:
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1700:
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1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
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1649:
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1626:
1622:
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1576:
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1535:
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1525:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1496:
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1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1445:on 2010-03-15
1444:
1440:
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1426:
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1400:
1398:
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1375:
1372:
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1344:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1301:, as well as
1300:
1299:
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1288:
1284:
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1274:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1261:
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1217:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1137:Flunitrazepam
1130:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1098:flunitrazepam
1095:
1091:
1090:panic attacks
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:tranquilizers
1055:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1002:
994:
992:
990:
986:
985:
980:
978:
974:
970:
965:
960:
952:
948:
943:
936:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
919:oxymetazoline
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
851:flunitrazepam
848:
841:
836:
834:
832:
828:
820:
818:
816:
812:
809:
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1369:Rape culture
1351:urban legend
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372: /
312:South Africa
307:Saudi Arabia
231:Rape culture
145:Sexual abuse
125:Marital rape
83:LGBT victims
2786:(in French)
2407:. Springer.
2334:MedicineNet
2098:(3): 34–52.
1725:Global News
1324:party drugs
1316:moral panic
1166:(GHB) is a
1064:), such as
1007:social norm
947:DrugScience
915:scopolamine
885:, and some
842:Depressants
784:Mickey Finn
618:Rape threat
417:Bosnian War
397:Vietnam War
302:Philippines
247:Afghanistan
140:Serial rape
130:Prison rape
68:Campus rape
3160:0226167534
3131:0814742440
3098:0814742440
3026:0802089739
2963:0814742440
2933:January 7,
2905:January 7,
2873:2019-05-06
2848:2019-05-06
2819:2019-05-06
2790:2022-05-03
2764:2022-05-03
2727:2019-05-06
2495:084933540X
2459:0849398088
2434:0313318077
2339:2017-10-02
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2123:2011-02-26
2063:2014-06-25
1878:0313326878
1853:084933540X
1758:29 October
1730:29 October
1704:29 October
1591:0313318077
1449:2011-06-01
1415:0849398088
1385:References
1220:empathogen
1171:depressant
1145:automatism
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1127:analysis.
977:forced sex
973:aggression
957:See also:
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873:(Ambien);
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427:Congo Wars
239:By country
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2759:0140-0460
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2257:cite book
1992:Date Rape
1949:CiteSeerX
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1226:Detection
1205:Ayahuasca
1200:Ayahuasca
1113:temazepam
1109:midazolam
989:The Blade
984:The Blade
875:sedatives
863:zopiclone
859:hypnotics
741:Frequency
726:ayahuasca
721:date rape
588:Rape myth
465:By Israel
115:Gray rape
105:Gang rape
100:Date rape
3182:Category
3169:92044673
2899:Archived
2868:euronews
2813:HuffPost
2695:11311178
2595:Chacruna
2577:BBC News
2286:March 2,
2249:70411731
2050:12022717
1971:21036393
1926:19762202
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1491:41994426
1358:See also
1265:Newsweek
1260:Rohypnol
1240:ketamine
1178:euphoria
1131:Rohypnol
1102:Rohypnol
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1074:Klonopin
1046:Zolpidem
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877:such as
871:zolpidem
861:such as
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206:Causes
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2699:S2CID
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