99:
276:
entirely. Others were released after renouncing rebellion, though in the knowledge that they would continue to be watched by security forces. One history sums up the result, "The
Darfurian resistance was set back by ten years." Darfurian dissidents drew a harsh lesson from this, becoming even more distrustful of the SPLA.
305:
262:
Arabs quickly tracked and overwhelmed Bolad's force. The military governor of Darfur who directed the force was Tayeb
Ibrahim 'Sikha', Bolad's old bodyguard and now both a physician and army colonel. There is no record of their meeting. The Beni Halba district town of Idd al Ghanam ("Well of Goats")
275:
Bolad was captured alive and taken to
Khartoum, where he was tortured to death in January 1992. Even worse, he was captured with his diary in which he had recorded every member of the underground resistance cells he had set up in Darfur. Many of these plotters disappeared into jails or disappeared
242:
fighters, who were perceived as foreigners in Darfur and the
Mahdist networks, who were the only organized opposition to the government in Darfur, resented the insertion of a political competitor. The force intended to reach sanctuary in the
254:
in the dry season, in which the only sources of water were the village boreholes that were both few and well-known. Bolad's presence was soon reported by the police, with at least one source indicating that he was reported by the
Mahdists.
111:
After graduation Tayeb 'Sikha' rose up through the political establishment, while Bolad did not. The racial discrimination of the national political elite kept him from progressing, a charge he would make openly against the
208:. SPLA chronicler Douglas Johnson suggests that the expedition may have been seen by the SPLA leadership as a diversionary tactic to create a rift in the north, like that created in the south by the splitting of the
285:
283:
in Chad, and resulting lowering of Libyan involvement in the region, much of Darfur subsided into a state of generalized insecurity that never reached the status of actual peace. The
152:, the party of Nimeiry, and continued to drift to the political left. He was described as "obsessive and driven, meticulously and energetically building up his political network".
228:
231:. SPLA-Torit (the faction led by Garang) was thus fully engaged in fighting SPLA-Nasir in the south and could not send help to Bolad's force once it ran into difficulty.
75:
who dominate national politics. The position was seen as placing Bolad on the fast track to national political leadership as part of the 'western strategy' of
188:, felt that the SPLA would use Darfur for its own purposes and refused to involve themselves. Bolad joined the SPLA in 1990 and received military training in
267:("Well of Horsemen") in celebration of the victory and dozens of Fur villages who had not taken part in defeating Bolad were burned in reprisal.
129:
200:
The given reason for the expedition was to spark a
Darfuri guerilla movement and spread the civil war to the west, as had been done in the
509:
514:
432:
366:
333:
192:. He was made the political commissar of a SPLA military expedition into Darfur that began in November 1991 and proved disastrous.
177:
499:
68:
238:, who had been named military commander of the expedition, did not receive enough equipment. The force was composed of
504:
91:
with which he attacked student demonstrators. However, Bolad was arrested in 1971 by the police of then-President
181:
140:
He had further second thoughts about the
Islamist movement in 1988 after al-Turabi silenced all criticism of the
411:
235:
64:
224:
149:
519:
494:
264:
84:
165:
113:
428:
362:
329:
205:
145:
310:
244:
76:
280:
201:
189:
92:
71:(KUSU). He became the first KUSU president who was not from the Arab tribes along the
488:
185:
98:
213:
173:
227:, one of the major supporters of the SPLA, had recently been overthrown by the
300:
259:
209:
184:
in the south since 1983. Other prominent leftist
Darfuri politicians, such as
53:
407:
168:
in starting a rebel movement in Darfur, but was rejected. He then went to
258:
A force composed of regular army and a horse-mounted militia composed of
217:
169:
80:
61:
248:
60:
region of the country. In the early 1970s, Bolad was nominated by the
22:(Jan 1952- January 1992) was a Sudanese politician and rebel leader.
290:
117:
57:
279:
With the failure of Bolad's insurrection and the coming to power of
239:
141:
125:
97:
88:
251:
161:
72:
289:, a 2000 publication by Darfuri dissidents, lists Bolad as a "
121:
95:
for his high-profile militant activity and severely tortured.
234:
There had been little advance preparation done in Darfur and
132:." Bolad returned to Darfur and became a small businessman.
42:
34:
27:
116:. Bolad would later write, "even when I go to the
229:Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front
83:. Bolad's deputy and bodyguard at this time was
247:but had to cross an arid expanse controlled by
128:and they will assign me a place related to my
8:
160:Frustrated and disillusioned, Bolad went to
24:
164:in 1989 seeking the support of President
466:
464:
120:to pray, even there, in the presence of
402:
400:
398:
396:
344:
342:
317:
180:(SPLA), which had been prosecuting the
454:
452:
450:
425:The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars
377:
375:
326:Darfur: A Short History of a Long War
148:. He was briefly associated with the
7:
427:, Indiana University Press, 2003,
361:, Cornell University Press, 2005,
69:Khartoum University Students Union
14:
408:"Counter-Insurgency on the Cheap"
87:, nicknamed 'al Sikha' after the
328:, Zed Books, London March 2006,
303:
136:Separation from Islamic Movement
79:to gain the votes of Darfur and
324:Flint, Julie and Alex de Waal,
16:Sudanese politician (1952–1992)
359:Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide
178:Sudan People's Liberation Army
1:
156:Building the resisting force
357:Quoted in Prunier, GĂ©rard,
67:to be the president of the
536:
510:Second Sudanese Civil War
182:Second Sudanese Civil War
515:Executed Sudanese people
479:Flint and de Waal, p. 26
470:Flint and de Waal, p. 25
390:Flint and de Waal, p. 22
348:Flint and de Waal, p. 21
196:SPLA military expedition
124:, for them I am still a
29:Daud Yahya Ibrahim Bolad
20:Daud Yahya Ibrahim Bolad
412:London Review of Books
103:
65:National Islamic Front
423:Johnson, Douglas H.,
225:Mengistu Haile Mariam
150:Sudan Socialist Union
107:Racial Discrimination
101:
500:Sudanese politicians
297:Notes and references
236:Abd-el-Aziz al-Hilew
223:Ethiopian President
505:People from Darfur
444:Prunier, pp. 73-74
146:violence in Darfur
114:Muslim Brotherhood
104:
52:He came from the
50:
49:
527:
480:
477:
471:
468:
459:
456:
445:
442:
436:
421:
415:
404:
391:
388:
382:
379:
370:
355:
349:
346:
337:
322:
313:
311:Biography portal
308:
307:
306:
245:Marrah Mountains
176:, leader of the
77:Hassan al Turabi
25:
535:
534:
530:
529:
528:
526:
525:
524:
485:
484:
483:
478:
474:
469:
462:
457:
448:
443:
439:
422:
418:
414:, 5 August 2004
406:de Waal, Alex,
405:
394:
389:
385:
380:
373:
356:
352:
347:
340:
323:
319:
309:
304:
302:
299:
273:
198:
158:
138:
109:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
533:
531:
523:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
487:
486:
482:
481:
472:
460:
458:Prunier, p. 74
446:
437:
416:
392:
383:
381:Prunier, p. 73
371:
350:
338:
316:
315:
314:
298:
295:
272:
269:
212:faction under
202:Nuba Mountains
197:
194:
190:South Kurdufan
157:
154:
137:
134:
108:
105:
93:Jaafar Nimeiry
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
36:
32:
31:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
532:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
490:
476:
473:
467:
465:
461:
455:
453:
451:
447:
441:
438:
434:
433:0-253-21584-6
430:
426:
420:
417:
413:
409:
403:
401:
399:
397:
393:
387:
384:
378:
376:
372:
368:
367:0-8014-4450-0
364:
360:
354:
351:
345:
343:
339:
335:
334:1-84277-697-5
331:
327:
321:
318:
312:
301:
296:
294:
292:
288:
287:
282:
277:
270:
268:
266:
265:Idd al Fursan
261:
256:
253:
250:
246:
241:
237:
232:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
195:
193:
191:
187:
186:Ahmad Diraige
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
166:Hissène Habré
163:
155:
153:
151:
147:
143:
135:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
106:
100:
96:
94:
90:
86:
85:Tayeb Ibrahim
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
63:
59:
55:
45:
41:
37:
33:
26:
23:
21:
475:
440:
424:
419:
386:
358:
353:
325:
320:
284:
278:
274:
263:was renamed
257:
233:
222:
199:
159:
139:
110:
51:
19:
18:
520:1952 births
495:1992 deaths
281:Idriss DĂ©by
214:Riek Machar
174:John Garang
489:Categories
336:, p. 20-21
286:Black Book
260:Beni Halba
210:SPLA-Nasir
102:Darfur Map
54:Fur people
271:His Death
206:Blue Nile
435:, p. 140
218:Lam Akol
172:to meet
170:Ethiopia
144:-backed
81:Kurdufan
62:Islamist
369:, p. 73
249:Baggara
56:of the
431:
365:
332:
291:martyr
142:Libyan
118:mosque
58:Darfur
252:Arabs
240:Dinka
126:slave
89:rebar
429:ISBN
363:ISBN
330:ISBN
216:and
204:and
162:Chad
130:race
73:Nile
46:1992
43:Died
38:1952
35:Born
293:".
122:God
491::
463:^
449:^
410:,
395:^
374:^
341:^
220:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
