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425:, a "great many persons in the audience were white, and they all seemed to take a lively interest in the proceedings." The first orator, the Hon. William D. Kelley, began by announcing, "the rebel army of Virginia is no more," that Virginia was "henceforth secured to freedom," and would "no longer lead blue-eyed girls or stalwart black men to the slave mart." Repeatedly interrupted by loud cheers, Kelley "then asked the black men to stop blacking boots ... to engage in the glorious work of war," adding that he "would not have it said of all the colored regiments of Pennsylvania that there were no Philadelphians in it." He was followed by abolitionist and orator
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528:, Lucretia Mott, and the whole army of pioneers who spoke or ventured heroic deeds in behalf of their oppressed people, as among the human agencies that crystallized into law the Declaration for which our fathers died; that they regarded the restoration of this privilege as a vindication of popular government, and that therein was recognized their just claims to all the franchises granted to any other class of their fellow-citizens; that in the future, as in the past, they will be found on the side of loyalty and patriotism an unfaltering adherence to the Republican party."
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429:. Enumerating the Union's recent losses and victories, she told the crowd: "If the North succeeds — if the Union succeeds, it will be by letting all men fight for the stars and stripes. This war is not for the white men or the colored men, or for the flag, or for a military victory, but it is a war of democracy against aristocracy, a war of liberty against slavery." A lengthy resolution by Professor E. D. Bassett proclaimed, "Men of color, to arms, now or never!", and described their present era as "a golden moment."
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from insult and outrage on the highways of the nation, and secured in all their 'public rights' — that all may have the full benefit of the unfaltering loyalty which, at the fearful price of life and suffering, we gave to our country; the full benefit of our taxes which we fully, freely and uncomplainingly pay; that ... Congress pass such laws as will protect us in the attempt to exercise and enjoy our civil rights." According to a report in the
December 14, 1872 edition of
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Post-war, Bowser continued his involvement with the Grand and United Order of Odd
Fellows, ultimately becoming a G.U.O. of O.F. officer, and was also active with several other black fraternal orders but, artistically, his creativity and productivity were limited by his inability to obtain additional
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marched carrying banners reading 'We will prove ourselves men' and 'Rather Die
Freemen, Than Live To Be Slaves.' Beneath these, black soldiers protect white women representing Columbia, the symbol of the republic. The 45th's banner, proclaiming 'One Cause, One Country,' shows a black soldier proudly
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on
October 17, 1859, as its members celebrated the organization's thirteenth anniversary. According to news reports, he was "listened to throughout with much attention, and was frequently rapturously applauded" as he "defined in eloquent terms the nature of the work of Odd Fellows — especially that
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In addition, Bowser was involved in the planning of, and presentation at, several large gatherings of
African-Americans in Philadelphia during the summer of 1863. The June 24 event, which began at 8 p.m. at Franklin Hall on Sixth Street below Arch, was held to increase support for the Union Army's
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on
November 26, 1872 "for the purpose ... of urging upon him the importance of recommending in his annual message to Congress, a request kindred to the 'Fifteenth Amendment,' by the recommendation of the passage of such laws as will require that all the citizens of this country shall be protected
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also rose to speak, and also gave a lengthy address in which he reflected on his life during and after his enslavement and stressed the urgent need for black men to fill up new regiments "for the purpose of upholding the stars and stripes, and crushing out the rebellion of the slaveholders."
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For the 22nd USCT banner, Bowser depicted a black soldier pointing "a bayonet at the chest of a
Confederate who has allowed his flag to fall and who is tossing aside his sword," beneath the words, "Sic semper tyrannis" ("thus always to tyrants"), a phrase which would come to have an entirely
512:, Frederick Douglass, General Harry White, and Alexander P. Colesberry, who subsequently delivered formal addresses. Afterward, the group approved a resolution which "recognize the Anti-Slavery Society, the Republican party and press, the Equal Rights League, John Brown, Abraham Lincoln,
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great and leading principle, Charity," and "remarked upon the practical good effected by Odd
Fellowship, in alleviating distress and bestowing many of the comforts of life upon the aged and infirm of the Order, as well as conferring benefactions upon the widow and orphan."
294:, Bowser joined with several other prominent members of Philadelphia's African-American community to begin recruiting soldiers in 1862 in the event that the federal government would permit large numbers of black soldiers to enlist following the 1863 announcement of the
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holding an
American flag in front of a bust of George Washington as black troops fight in the background. The 24th's banner shows a black soldier ascending a hill, his arms outstretched in prayer, beneath the words 'Let Soldiers in War, Be Citizens in Peace.'
756:," in "Mobility, Migration, and the 1855 Philadelphia National Convention," in "Colored Conventions: Bringing Nineteenth-Century Black Organizing to Life." Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware, Library, retrieved online February 23, 2019.
215:(June 13, 1831 – November 29, 1908), David Bustill Bowser and his wife were the parents of artist Raphael Bowser and Ida Elizabeth (Bowser) Asbury (1870–1955), a violinist and music teacher. Respected for their civic engagement and
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485:, to represent the League in securing "passage of a bill through the Legislature forbidding the exclusion of persons from public conveyances" anywhere in Pennsylvania "on account of race or color." They were successful.
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In 1870, he was selected to preside over the "jubilee procession" and "mass meeting" which took place at
Philadelphia's Horticultural Hall on April 26. Among those in attendance were "members of the
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Following a brief poetry reading and musical performance by a concert band, the membership elected a slate of officers, which included the naming of Bowser as one of several vice presidents.
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885:", in "A Great Thing for our People: The Institute for Colored Youth in the Civil War." Villanova, Pennsylvania: Falvey Library, Villanova University, retrieved online February 23, 2019.
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302:. Bowser was then commissioned in early 1863 to design banners and battle flags for eleven of those African-American regiments in preparation for their respective mustering at
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During the 1940s, a major portion of his legacy was nearly obscured forever when the original Civil War battle flags he had designed were removed from the military museum at
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In 1875, Bowser sued Alfred L. Jones of Baltimore in court for violating his patent of a chromolithographic image that he (Bowser) had designed for the Odd Fellows.
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In 1865, Bowser also painted a portrait of Lincoln, working from an image of the president that was later used to create America's post-Civil War five-dollar bill.
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Frequently involved in his community as a civic leader, he also became increasingly active in politics. In 1867, he was appointed by the leadership of the
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recruitment of black soldiers. Another event on July 6 filled Philadelphia's National Hall with a standing room only crowd. According to Philadelphia's
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Moniz. "Making money and doing good: The story of an African American power couple from the 1800s," Smithsonian National Museum of American History.
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has described Bowser as an artist whose "works were the first widely viewed, positive images of African Americans painted by an African American".
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609:"Grand United Order Odd Fellows America [membership certificate] [graphic]. | Library Company of Philadelphia Digital Collections"
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As vice president of the Pennsylvania Equal Rights League, Bowser was also among those who motivated the organization's membership to meet with
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282:. As Grand Master of the Order in Philadelphia, he delivered the keynote address at the Annual Moveable Committee of the G.U.O. of O.F. in
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669:," in "Explore PA History." Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, retrieved online February 23, 2019.
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682:." Friends' Intelligencer and Journal, Vol. 55, p. 413. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Friends' Intelligencer Association, Limited, 1898.
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345:. With respect to the other Bowser-designed battle flags, historians at the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission note that:
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major commissions. As a result, he and his wife increasingly turned to designing and producing organizational banners and regalia.
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ornamental artist, portraitist, and social activist. He designed battle flags for eleven African-American regiments during the
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170:(1732–1806), a formerly enslaved man who purchased his freedom and went on to become a founding member of Philadelphia's
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1158:(PDF of an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art with information regarding Bowser and his work)
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743:"David Bustill Bowser Historical Marker," in "Explore PA History," Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
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769:," in "O Say Can You See?" Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian National Museum of American History, February 9, 2018.
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while Brown was visiting the Bowser home. During this same period, Bowser also completed work on his painting,
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975:" ("Completion of a Patent Process"). Baltimore, Maryland: Der Deutsche Correspondent, January 15, 1874.
504:, who delivered an address; Jacob C. White, Jr., who "read the proclamation of the ratification of the
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for fraternal associations, political groups, and volunteer fire companies in and beyond Philadelphia.
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and also helped to secure the post-war passage of key civil rights legislation in Pennsylvania.
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Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on January 16, 1820, David Bustill Bowser was a grandson of
829:, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 24-31. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Heritage Foundation, 2001.
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816:, Vol. 1, pp. 40-57. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Capitol Preservation Committee, 1987 and 1991.
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which prohibited blacks from voting, Bowser and his family also became so involved with the
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945:." Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: The Evening Telegraph (fifth edition), April 27, 1870, p. 3.
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Making money and doing good: The story of an African American power couple from the 1800s
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During the 1840s, Bowser painted banners for a diverse range of clients, including the
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and Judge Paxson; the Rev. James A. Jones, who "opened the proceedings with prayer";
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Bowser's work on the first banner was paid for through a commission awarded by the
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Mass Meeting of Colored People — Speeches of Judge Kelley and Miss Dickinson
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In 1863, Bowser was among 54 Black Philadelphian community leaders to sign
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different meaning two years later when shouted by John Wilkes Booth after
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Bowser died in Philadelphia on June 30, 1900, and was buried at the
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986:"Historic Eden Cemetery: Preserving Memory and Protecting Legacy"
124:– June 30, 1900, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was a 19th-century
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dressmaker. It was then presented by the CRA to the leaders of
1148:(placed at the site of Bowser's Philadelphia residence by the
992:. Pennsylvania Historic Preservation Office. 10 February 2021
598:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 2003.
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Smith, Eric Ledell, "Painted with Pride in the U.S.A.," in
151:, he designed broadsides and regalia for the organization.
239:. Active in that decade's efforts to repeal the clause in
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and painted portraits of prominent Americans, including
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Advance The Colors: Pennsylvania Civil War Battle Flags
445:. Although Brown died in 1859, the two met at Bowser's
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after he had been arrested for being a fugitive slave.
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Battle flag, 3rd United States Colored Infantry, 1863
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He was active during this phase of his life with the
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Burials at Eden Cemetery (Collingdale, Pennsylvania)
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270:membership certificate; Bowser likely created the
649:Lincoln Financial Foundation Collection (1893).
799:," in "The City." Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:
415:his assassination of Lincoln at Ford's Theater
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956:Pennsylvania Equal Rights and President Grant
700:. Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press.
156:Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission
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655:. Lincoln Financial Foundation Collection.
387:1863, reverse side of the flag of the 3rd
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492:and other prominent citizens," including
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797:How the Colored People Look Upon the War
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441:Bowser's 1865 portrait of abolitionist
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898:," in "Local News." Washington, D.C.:
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343:1st United States Colored Infantry
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134:U.S. President Abraham Lincoln
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481:, with William D. Forten and
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554:Bowser photographed in 1893.
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373:United States Colored Troops
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1114:Portrait of U.S. President
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559:Death, interment and legacy
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460:Bowser's 1865 portrait of
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786:, October 11, 1859, p. 2.
692:Porter, James A. (1992).
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323:Emancipation Proclamation
300:President Abraham Lincoln
296:Emancipation Proclamation
257:The Firebell in the Night
147:As a major figure in the
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803:, August 7, 1862, p. 2.
960:The Weekly Louisianian
930:Daily Evening Bulletin
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23:David Bustill Bowser
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506:fifteenth amendment
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197:and was a pupil of
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116:(January 16, 1820,
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