Animal Liberation Front - Knowledge (XXG)

597:, became members of the BUAV's executive committee, and used their position to radicalize the organization. Stallwood writes that the new executive believed all political action to be a waste of time and wanted the BUAV to devote its resources exclusively to direct action. Whereas the earliest activists had been committed to rescuing animals and destroyed property only where it contributed to the former, by the mid-1980s, Stallwood believed the ALF had lost its ethical foundation, and had become an opportunity "for misfits and misanthropes to seek personal revenge for some perceived social injustice". He writes: "Where was the intelligent debate about tactics and strategies that went beyond the mindless rhetoric and emotional elitism pervading much of the self-produced direct action literature? In short, what had happened to the animals' interests?" In 1984, the BUAV board reluctantly voted to expel the ALF SG from its premises and withdraw its political support, after which, Stallwood writes, the ALF became increasingly isolated. 753:, timed to explode an hour apart from each other. A further device was placed under the car of Andor Sebesteny, a researcher for the Imperial Cancer Research Fund, which he spotted before it exploded. The next major attacks on individual researchers took place in 1990, when the cars of two veterinary researchers were destroyed by sophisticated explosive devices in two separate explosions. In February 1989, an explosion damaged the Senate House bar in Bristol University, an attack claimed by the unknown "Animal Abused Society". In June 1990, two days apart, bombs exploded in the cars of Margaret Baskerville, a veterinary surgeon working at 629:, the president of PETA, writes that the first ALF cell was set up in late 1982, after a police officer she calls "Valerie" responded to the publicity triggered by the Silver Spring monkeys case, and flew to England to be trained by the ALF. Posing as a reporter, Valerie was put in touch with Ronnie Lee by Kim Stallwood, who at the time was working for the BUAV. Lee directed her to a training camp, where she was taught how to break into laboratories. Newkirk writes that Valerie returned to Maryland and set up an ALF cell, with the first raid taking place on 24 December 1982 against 733:—the latter first used in 1993—emerging as names for direct action that violated the ALF's "no harm to living beings" principle. Ronnie Lee, who had earlier insisted on the importance of the ALF's non-violence policy, seemed to support the idea. An article signed by RL—presumed to be Ronnie Lee—in the October 1984 ALF Supporters Group newsletter, suggested that activists set up "fresh groups ... under new names whose policies do not preclude the use of violence toward animal abusers". 396:"Labs raided, locks glued, products spiked, depots ransacked, windows smashed, construction halted, mink set free, fences torn down, cabs burnt out, offices in flames, car tyres es slashed, cages emptied, phone lines severed, slogans daubed, muck spread, damage done, electrics cut, site flooded, hunt dogs stolen, fur coats slashed, buildings destroyed, foxes freed, kennels attacked, businesses burgled, uproar, anger, outrage, balaclava clad thugs. It's an ALF thing!" — 906:. Animal liberation press officer Jerry Vlasak said of the attack: "force is a poor second choice, but if that's the only thing that will work ... there's certainly moral justification for that." As of 2008, activists were increasingly taking protests to the homes of researchers, staging "home demonstrations", which can involve making noise during the night, writing slogans on the researchers' property, smashing windows and spreading rumours to neighbours. 510:(NIH) guidelines, but as a result of the publicity, the lab was closed down, the chief veterinarian fired, and the university placed on probation. Barbara Orlans, a former animal researcher with the NIH, now with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics, writes that the case stunned the biomedical community, and is today considered one of the most significant cases in the ethics of using animals in research. Singer argues that if the ALF would focus on this kind of 6161: 2141: 6131: 448:(ATF) stated that "violent animal rights extremists and eco-terrorists now pose one of the most serious terrorism threats to the nation." The use of the terrorist label has been criticized, however; the Southern Poverty Law Center, which tracks U.S. domestic extremism, writes that "for all the property damage they have wreaked, eco-radicals have killed no one." Philosopher and animal rights activist 6173: 407:, comparing the destruction of animal laboratories and other facilities to resistance fighters blowing up gas chambers in Nazi Germany. Their argument for sabotage is that the removal of animals from a laboratory simply means they will be quickly replaced, but if the laboratory itself is destroyed, it not only slows down the restocking process but increases costs, possibly to the point of making 863:, were all closed after being targeted by animal rights campaigns that appeared to involve the ALF. In the UK, the financial year 1991–1992 saw around 100 refrigerated meat trucks destroyed by incendiary devices at a cost of around £5 million. Butchers' locks were superglued, shrink-wrapped meats were pierced in supermarkets, slaughterhouses and refrigerated meat trucks were set on fire. 702:. The call was followed by a letter containing a Mars Bar, presumed to be contaminated, and the claim that these were on sale in London, Leeds, York, Southampton, and Coventry. Millions of bars were removed from shelves and Mars halted production, at a cost to the company of $ 4.5 million. The ALF admitted the claims had been a hoax. Similar contamination claims were later made against 2579: 468:

the term "extensional self-defence" to describe actions carried out in defense of animals by human beings acting as proxies. He argues that activists have the moral right to engage in acts of sabotage or even violence because animals are unable to fight back themselves. Best argues that the principle of extensional self-defense mirrors the penal code statues known as the

625:(PETA), after a researcher who had been experimenting on them was arrested for alleged violations of cruelty legislation. When the court ruled that the monkeys be returned to the researcher, they mysteriously disappeared, only to reappear five days later when PETA learned that legal action against the researcher could not proceed without the monkeys as evidence. 248:. On 10 November 1973, two members of the group set fire to the building, resulting in £26,000 worth of damage. The activists returned six days later to ignite the remains of the structure. This incident marked the first known act of arson within the animal liberation movement. In June 1974, two members of the Band set fire to boats involved in the annual 256:, as well as other actions against chicken breeders and gun shops, causing damage to buildings and vehicles. The group's first recorded act of "animal liberation" occurred during this period when activists removed half a dozen guinea pigs from a guinea pig farm in Wiltshire, leading the owner to close the business out of concern for further incidents. 40: 573:(BUAV) in the 1980s, writes that the public's response to early ALF raids that removed animals was very positive, in large measure because of the non-violence policy. When Mike Huskisson removed three beagles from a tobacco study at ICI in June 1975, the media portrayed him as a hero. Robin Webb writes that ALF volunteers were viewed as the " 2576: 610:'s Marine Mammal Laboratory. The North American Animal Liberation Press Office attributes the dolphin release to a group called Undersea Railroad, and says the first ALF action in the U.S. was, in fact, a raid on the New York University Medical Center on 14 March 1979, when activists removed one cat, two dogs, and two guinea pigs. 392:. They reject the animal welfare position that more humane treatment is needed for animals; they say their aim is empty cages, not bigger ones. Activists argue that the animals they remove from laboratories or farms are "liberated", not "stolen", because they were never rightfully owned in the first place. 221:(HSA) in protest. The HSA initially consisted of volunteers who were trained to disrupt hunts by blowing horns and laying false scents to mislead the hounds. This early activism laid the groundwork for the development of more radical animal rights movements, eventually leading to the formation of the ALF. 796:

to a Huntsman's Land Rover in Somerset. Forensic evidence led police to arrest the owner of the vehicle, who admitted he had bombed his own car to discredit the animal rights movement and asked for two similar offences to be taken into consideration. He was jailed for nine months. The Baskerville and

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Several of the incidents in 1989 and 1990 were described by the movement as false flag operations. No known entity claimed responsibility for the attacks, which were condemned within the animal rights movement and by ALF activists. Keith Mann writes that it did not seem plausible that activists known

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has written that the ALF, the Justice Department, and the ARM are essentially the same thing, and Robert Garner of the University of Leicester writes that it would be pointless to argue otherwise, given the nature of the movement as a leaderless resistance. Robin Webb of the British Animal Liberation

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There are conflicting accounts of when the ALF first emerged in the United States. The FBI writes that animal rights activists had a history of committing low-level criminal activity in the U.S. dating back to the 1970s. Freeman Wicklund and Kim Stallwood say that the first ALF action in the U.S. was

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In June 2006, members of the ALF claimed responsibility for a firebomb attack on UCLA researcher Lynn Fairbanks, after a firebomb was placed on the doorstep of a house occupied by her 70-year-old tenant; according to the FBI, it was powerful enough to have killed the occupants, but failed to ignite.

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Rachel Monaghan of the University of Ulster writes that, in their first year of operation alone, ALF actions accounted for £250,000 worth of damage, targeting butcher shops, furriers, circuses, slaughterhouses, breeders, and fast-food restaurants. She writes that the ALF philosophy was that violence

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conferences in 2003: "I don't think you'd have to kill—assassinate—too many vivisectors before you would see a marked decrease in the amount of vivisection going on. And I think for five lives, 10 lives, 15 human lives, we could save a million, two million, 10 million non-human animals." Best coined

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writer Noel Molland, one of the groups within the HSA was established in 1971 by Ronnie Lee, a law student from Luton. In 1972, Lee, along with fellow activist Cliff Goodman, concluded that more militant tactics were necessary to further their cause. They decided to revive the name of a 19th-century

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Activists associated with the ALF describe the movement as non-violent. According to the ALF's guidelines, actions that promote animal liberation and take all reasonable precautions to avoid harm to both human and nonhuman life can be attributed to the ALF, including acts of vandalism that may cause

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If physical force is needed to save an animal from attack, then that force is a legitimate form of what I call "extensional self defense." This principle mirrors US penal code statutes known as the "necessity defense," which can be invoked when a defendant believed that an illegal act was necessary

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called the ALF and its splinter groups "the most serious domestic terrorist threat within the United Kingdom." In 1993, ALF was listed as an organization that has "claimed to have perpetrated acts of extremism in the United States" in the Report to Congress on the Extent and Effects of Domestic and

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NIH Reauthorization and Protection of Health Facilities: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, Second Session, February 8, 1990 – Health Facilities Protection and Primate Center

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From 1983 onwards, a series of fire bombs exploded in department stores that sold fur, with the intention of triggering the sprinkler systems in order to cause damage, although several stores were partly or completely destroyed. In September 1985, incendiary devices were placed under the cars of

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Two early ALF raids led to the closure of several university studies. A 28 May 1984 raid on the University of Pennsylvania's head injury clinic caused $ 60,000 worth of damage and saw the removal of 60 hours of tapes, which showed the researchers laughing as they used a hydraulic device to cause

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for 20 years, by moving him 180 metres (590 ft) from his pool to the sea. The police spotted them carrying a homemade dolphin stretcher, and they were convicted of conspiracy to steal, but they continued to campaign for Rocky's release. Marineland eventually agreed to sell him for £120,000,

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threat, prompting the allocation of resources to monitor the group. That same year, FBI deputy assistant director John Lewis described "ecoterrorism" and the "animal rights movement" as the number one domestic terrorism threats. In the United Kingdom, ALF activities are classified as examples of

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as a tactic created a rift within the emerging animal rights movement. In July 1974, the Hunt Saboteurs Association publicly distanced itself from the Band of Mercy, offering a £250 reward for information leading to the identification of its members. The Association stated, "We approve of their

472:, which can be invoked when a defendant believes the illegal act was necessary to avoid imminent and great harm. Best argues that "extensional self defense" is not just a theory, but put into practice in some African countries, where hired armed soldiers occasionally use lethal force against 1763:

The FBI defines "domestic terrorism" as "activities that involve acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any state; appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; to influence the policy of a government by mass

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Press Office has acknowledged that the activists may be the same people: "If someone wishes to act as the Animal Rights Militia or the Justice Department, simply put, the ... policy of the Animal Liberation Front, to take all reasonable precautions not to endanger life, no longer applies."

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Also in 1999, a freelance reporter, Graham Hall, said he had been attacked after producing a documentary critical of the ALF, which was aired on Channel 4. The documentary showed ALF press officer Robin Webb appearing to give Hall—who was filming undercover while purporting to be an

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for making simple incendiary devices from household components would suddenly switch to mercury-tilt switches and plastic explosives, then never be heard from again. A few days after the bombings, the unknown "British Animal Rights Society" claimed responsibility for attaching a

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food and clothing. After serving 12 months, Lee was released on parole in the spring of 1976, emerging more militant than ever. He regrouped with the remaining Band of Mercy activists and recruited around two dozen new members, forming a group of approximately 30 individuals.

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The Animal Liberation Front operates with both underground and above-ground components and is entirely decentralized with no formal hierarchy. This decentralized nature helps limit legal responsibility. Volunteers are expected to adhere to the ALF's stated objectives:

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These actions include removing animals from laboratories and farms, damaging facilities, providing veterinary care, and establishing sanctuaries for the rescued animals. Participants describe their efforts as non-violent and compare their activities to the modern-day

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collects and disseminates anonymous communiqués from volunteers; it operates as an ostensibly independent group funded by public donations, though the High Court in London ruled in 2006 that its press officer in the UK, Robin Webb, was a pivotal figure in the ALF.

725:, then a Home Office minister, stated that it was the Animal Liberation Front who had claimed responsibility. This is an early example of the shifting of responsibility from one banner to another depending on the nature of the act, with the ARM and another 767:

writes involved the use of plastic explosives—a 13-month-old baby in a push-chair suffered flash burns, shrapnel wounds, and a partially severed finger. A wave of letter bombs followed in 1993, one of which was opened by the head of the Hereford site of

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of Princeton University has argued that ALF direct action can only be regarded as a just cause if it is non-violent, and that the ALF is at its most effective when uncovering evidence of animal abuse that other tactics could not expose. He cites 1984's

237:, and formed a small group of about half a dozen activists known as the Band of Mercy. This group began targeting hunters' vehicles by slashing tires and breaking windows, aiming to prevent hunts from starting rather than disrupting them once underway. 292:

According to Molland, Lee felt that the name "Band of Mercy" no longer accurately reflected what he envisioned as a revolutionary movement. Seeking a name that would instill fear in those who exploited animals, Lee founded the Animal Liberation Front.

633:, where 24 cats were removed, some of whose back legs had been crippled. Jo Shoesmith, an American attorney and animal rights activist, says Newkirk's account of "Valerie" is not only fictionalized, as Newkirk acknowledges, but totally fictitious. 357:

is a website where activists leave claims of responsibility; it published a "Direct Action Report" in 2005 stating that, in 2004 alone, ALF activists had removed 17,262 animals from facilities and had claimed 554 acts of vandalism and arson.

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said of Vlasak: "e doesn't operate with our endorsement or our support or our appreciation, the support of the ALF. We have a strict code of non-violence ... I don't know who put Dr. Vlasak in the position he's in. It wasn't us, the ALF."

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life forms, and therefore focusing on property destruction and the removal of animals from laboratories and farms was consistent with a philosophy of non-violence, despite the damage they were causing. In 1974, Ronnie Lee insisted that

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Stallwood writes that they saw ALF activism as part of their opposition to the state, rather than as an end-in-itself, and did not want to adhere to non-violence. In the early 1980s, the BUAV, an anti-vivisection group founded by

444:(ELF). These groups exist to commit serious acts of vandalism, and to harass and intimidate owners and employees of the business sector." In hearings held on 18 May 2005, before a Senate panel, officials of the FBI and the 174:

There has nevertheless been widespread criticism for its alleged involvement in acts of violence and for the failure of some spokespersons and activists to condemn such actions. This criticism has led to dissent within the

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Monaghan writes that, around 1982, there was a noticeable shift in the non-violent position, and not one approved by everyone in the movement. Some activists began to make personal threats against individuals, followed by

886:". ALF activist Donald Currie was jailed for 12 years and placed on probation for life in December 2006 after being found guilty of planting homemade bombs on the doorsteps of businessmen with links to HLS. HLS director 542:, then released. Hughes writes that the ALF action helped to create a paradigm shift in the UK toward seeing dolphins as "individual actors", as a result of which, he writes, there are now no captive dolphins in the UK. 163:, this structure is a key reason for the ALF's resistance, stating "That is why the ALF cannot be smashed; it cannot be effectively infiltrated, it cannot be stopped. You, each and every one of you: you are the ALF." 2547: 757:, a chemical research defence establishment, and Patrick Max Headley, a physiologist at Bristol University. Baskerville escaped without injury by jumping through the window of her mini-jeep when a bomb using a 514:, instead of sabotage, it would appeal to the minds of reasonable people. Against this, Steven Best writes that industries and governments have too much institutional and financial bias for reason to prevail. 506:'s head-injury research clinic and removed footage showing researchers laughing at the brain damage of conscious baboons, as an example. The university responded that the treatment of the animals conformed to 463:, both of whom have volunteered for the North American press office, were banned from entering the UK in 2004 and 2005 after making statements that appeared to support violence against people. Vlasak told an 804:

apologised for the activities of one of their undercover agents who had infiltrated the group. A police officer using the name "Christine Green" had been involved in the illegal release of a large number of

2917: 654:. The raid, which was taped by the ALF, caused eight of the laboratory's seventeen active research projects to be shut down, and the university said years of medical research were lost. The raid prompted 419:

who fought against slavery going in and burning down the quarters or tearing down the auction block ... Sometimes when you just take animals and do nothing else, perhaps that is not as strong a message."

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On 20 April 1985, acting on a tip-off from a student, the ALF raided a laboratory in the University of California, Riverside, causing $ 700,000 in damages and removing 468 animals. These included

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in 1898, was among the ALF's supporters. Stallwood writes that it donated part of its office space rent-free to the ALF Supporters Group, and gave ALF actions uncritical support in its newspaper,

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to avoid great and imminent harm. One only needs to expand this concept slightly to cover actions that are increasingly desperate and necessary to protect animals from the total war against them.

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Several above-ground organizations support the movement's covert activities. The Animal Liberation Front Supporters Group (ALF SG) provides support to activists in prison, who are recognized as

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was attacked by men wielding pick-axe handles in February 2001. David Blenkinsop was one of those convicted of the attack, someone who in the past had conducted actions in the name of the ALF.

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campaign, which the SPLC identified as employing terrorist tactics, although the SPLC later noted that the ALF had not caused any fatalities. In 2005, the ALF was listed in a United States

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cells, often consisting of small groups or individual. This decentralized and covert structure makes it challenging for authorities to monitor or infiltrate the organization. According to

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To liberate animals from places of abuse, i.e. laboratories, factory farms, fur farms etc., and place them in good homes where they may live out their natural lives, free from suffering.

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stated, "One thing that I know that separates us from the people we are constantly accused of being—that is, terrorists, violent criminals—is the fact that we have harmed no one."

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off the coast of Norfolk; according to Molland, this incident contributed to the cessation of the cull. Between June and August 1974, the Band carried out eight raids targeting

1730:. 4th Annual International Conference on Public Safety: Technology and Counterterrorism Counterterrorism Initiatives and Partnerships, San Francisco, California. 14 March 2005. 445: 1005: 276:, a case that earned them the moniker "Bicester Two". During their trial, daily demonstrations took place outside the court, with supporters including Lee's local Labour MP, 1921: 1848: 746: 423:

The provision against violence in the ALF code has triggered divisions within the movement and allegations of hypocrisy from the ALF's critics. In 1998, terrorism expert

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prohibitively expensive; this, they argue, will encourage the search for alternatives. An ALF activist involved in an arson attack on the University of Arizona told

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ALF activists argue that animals should not be viewed as property and that scientists and industry have no right to assume ownership of living beings who are the "

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The nature of the ALF exposes its name to the risk of being used by activists who reject its non-violence platform, or by opponents conducting so-called "

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be "limited only by reverence of life and hatred of violence", and in 1979, he wrote that many ALF raids had been called off because of the risk to life.

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as an example of positive ALF direct action. Horne and four other activists decided to free Rocky, a dolphin who had lived in a small concrete pool in

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The nature of the ALF as a leaderless resistance means support for Vlasak and Best is hard to measure. An anonymous volunteer interviewed in 2005 for

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for their parts in a string of 20 arsons from 1996 through 2001, damage totalled $ 40 million. The Department of Justice called the acts examples of

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Property destruction began to increase substantially after several high-profile campaigns closed down facilities perceived to be abusive to animals.

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destruction, assassination, or kidnapping; and occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States." (18 U.S.C. § 2331(5))

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Any group of people who are vegans and who carry out actions according to ALF guidelines have the right to regard themselves as part of the ALF.

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announced charges against nine Americans and two Canadian activists calling themselves the "family". At least 9 of the 11 pleaded guilty to

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and threats to contaminate food, the latter representing yet another shift to threatening the general public, rather than specific targets.

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To reveal the horror and atrocities committed against animals behind locked doors, by performing nonviolent direct actions and liberations

384:—the ascription of different values to beings on the basis of their species membership alone, which they argue is as ethically flawed as 179:

movement regarding the use of violence and has attracted increased attention from law enforcement and intelligent agencies. In 2002, the

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In August 1974, Ronnie Lee and Cliff Goodman were arrested for their involvement in a raid on the Oxford Laboratory Animal Colonies in

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event. During the event, Prestige witnessed the hunting and killing of a pregnant deer, an experience that prompted him to form the

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writes that "given the enormity and magnitude of animal suffering ... one should notice that the ALF has demonstrated remarkable

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No activist is known to have conducted operations under both the ALF and ARM banners, but overlap is assumed. Terrorism expert

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on 29 May 1977, when researchers Ken LeVasseur and Steve Sipman released two dolphins, Puka and Kea, into the ocean from the

338: 184: 160: 3446: 2947: 2479: 1490: 2994: 2501: 2089: 1053: 5271: 5156: 3976: 3508: 2228: 990: 655: 507: 334: 214: 148:. However, the ALF has also been criticized and labeled as an eco-terrorist organization by some groups and individuals. 6151: 2605: 1479: 337:, established in 1994, works with UK prison authorities to ensure that ALD prisoners have access to vegan supplies. The 5373: 5331: 5151: 4545: 3476: 3421: 1678:"Report to Congress on the Extent and Effects of Domestic and International Terrorism on Animal Enterprises, Appendix 1" 476:

who would kill rhinos, elephants and other endangered animals for their body parts to be sold in international markets.

280:. Both Lee and Goodman were sentenced to three years in prison. While incarcerated, Lee initiated the movement's first 5829: 5618: 5246: 5196: 3880: 3355: 3300: 2912: 2111: 1112: 943: 895: 875: 180: 1150: 140:. It operates without a formal leadership structure and engages in direct actions aimed at opposing animal cruelty. 1161: 682:. The first major food scare happened in November 1984, with the ALF claiming to the media that it had contaminated 6071: 5943: 5738: 5674: 5610: 5261: 5221: 5191: 4319: 4314: 3716: 927: 801: 503: 424: 218: 6055: 5893: 5730: 5166: 4460: 4379: 4239: 3819: 3208: 784:" operations, designed to make the ALF appear violent. That same uncertainty provides genuine ALF activists with 737: 1680: 1349: 6024: 5971: 5837: 5813: 5602: 5226: 4630: 4575: 4032: 3751: 3736: 3721: 3678: 3643: 3380: 1812: 970: 922: 871: 750: 539: 360: 5985: 5957: 2863:"Met Police apologies after Hampshire Police investigated crime an undercover officer committed - The Journal" 6106: 5877: 5781: 5594: 5570: 5447: 5326: 5281: 5063: 4872: 3548: 3466: 3265: 2167: 960: 822: 522: 330: 213:

The origins of the ALF can be traced back to December 1963 when British journalist John Prestige attended a

152: 2152: 1536: 183:(SPLC), an organization that monitors extremism in the United States, highlighted ALF's involvement in the 6198: 6134: 6079: 5626: 5201: 5161: 5115: 5033: 4988: 4857: 4510: 4495: 4149: 3726: 3345: 3293: 1574: 1219: 975: 915: 883: 772:, causing burns to his hands and face. Eleven similar devices were intercepted in postal sorting offices. 518: 441: 3118: 2970: 2196:, 1979, both cited in Stallwood, Kim. "A Personal Overview of Direct Action" in Best and Nocella. (eds.) 1830: 1518: 5885: 5706: 5666: 5578: 5538: 5459: 5453: 5266: 4450: 4415: 4001: 3900: 3809: 3648: 3538: 3503: 1284: 1179:"Global Terrorism Database Search Result for "Animal Liberation Front" Graph of incident types per year" 942:. The incidents included arson attacks against meat-processing plants, lumber companies, a high-tension 931: 785: 718: 618: 133: 4550: 4535: 2352: 2287: 5909: 5714: 5642: 5393: 5336: 5206: 5058: 5043: 4917: 4817: 4777: 4772: 4625: 3847: 3688: 3456: 3436: 1313: 607: 531: 440:

movement has given rise and notoriety to groups such as the Animal Liberation Front, or ALF, and the

373: 145: 2931: 1651:, March–April 1996, p. 12, cited in Schnurer, Maxwell. "At the Gates of Hell", in Best and Nocella, 698:

received a call from the ALF saying it had injected Mars Bars in stores throughout the country with

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In 1982, letter bombs were sent to all four major party leaders in the UK, including Prime Minister

6003: 5950: 5367: 4978: 4590: 4585: 4465: 4440: 4159: 4016: 3905: 3799: 3794: 2434:"The Historical Background of OPRRs Responsibilities for Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" 1698:"Animal Rights Groups and Ecology Militants Make DHS Terrorist List, Right-Wing Vigilantes Omitted" 1357: 1120:"Animal Rights Groups and Ecology Militants Make DHS Terrorist List, Right-Wing Vigilantes Omitted" 1010: 946:, and a ski centre, in Oregon, Wyoming, Washington, California and Colorado between 1996 and 2001. 637:

brain damage to baboons. The tapes were turned over to PETA, who produced a 26-minute video called

582: 347: 3146: 3018: 2862: 2707:"Staying on Target and Going the Distance: An Interview with U.K. A.L.F. Press Officer Robin Webb" 1432:

Monaghan, Rachael. "Terrorism in the Name of Animal Rights", in Taylor, Maxwell and Horgan, John.

1244:"Staying on Target and Going the Distance: An Interview with U.K. A.L.F. Press Officer Robin Webb" 5901: 5722: 5546: 5423: 5399: 5311: 4937: 4344: 3837: 3789: 3779: 3590: 3498: 3195: 3147:"The utility of narratives for promoting radicalization: The case of the Animal Liberation Front" 2050: 2039: 2028: 2017: 1944: 1871: 809:

from a farm in Ringwood in 1998. The mission had been approved by senior officers in the police.

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Webb, Robin. "Animal Liberation — By 'Whatever Means Necessary'," in Best and Nocella. (eds.)

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2329: 517:

Peter Hughes of the University of Sunderland cites a 1988 raid in the UK led by ALF activist

6031: 5757: 5306: 4973: 4877: 4837: 4827: 4757: 4620: 4560: 4515: 4480: 4384: 4339: 4279: 4229: 4053: 4011: 3971: 3941: 3931: 3926: 3865: 3668: 3431: 3400: 3227:

The A.L.F. Strikes Again: Collected Writings Of The Animal Liberation Front In North America

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To inflict economic damage on those who profit from the misery and exploitation of animals.

6160: 5845: 4953: 4907: 4902: 4752: 4717: 4702: 4640: 4530: 4475: 4455: 4394: 4304: 4214: 4154: 4129: 3784: 3658: 3269: 3212: 3171: 3153: 3125: 3097: 3025: 3001: 2977: 2954: 2830: 2713: 2655: 2583: 2508: 2359: 2336: 2321: 2294: 2232: 2159: 2057: 2046: 2035: 2024: 2013: 1914: 1837: 1819: 1771: 1747: 1727: 1704: 1684: 1578: 1554: 1540: 1522: 1494: 1483: 1461: 1397: 1364: 1353: 1320: 1250: 1165: 1154: 1126: 1108: 1057: 1037: 985: 844: 818: 769: 260: 2403:

The Scalpel and the Butterfly: The Conflict Between Animal Research and Animal Protection

1908:"Gaps in Logic, Lapses in Politics: Rights and Abolitionism in Joan Dunayer's Speciesism" 538:, and in 1991 Rocky was transferred to an 80-acre (320,000 m) lagoon reserve in the 2438:

Reflections on the Organizational Locus of the Office for Protection from Research Risks

264:

ideals but are opposed to their methods," signaling disapproval of the Band's approach.

6177: 6165: 5789: 5586: 5186: 5088: 5018: 5008: 4932: 4862: 4847: 4787: 4712: 4687: 4635: 4580: 4540: 4445: 4435: 4410: 4324: 4254: 4179: 4119: 3991: 3921: 3766: 3741: 3698: 3673: 3663: 3638: 3598: 3553: 3461: 1740: 852: 834: 626: 408: 404: 277: 253: 234: 137: 92: 3165:"The British experience of the militant opposition to the agricultural use of animals" 2670:

From Dusk 'til Dawn: An insider's view of the growth of the Animal Liberation Movement

2539: 2418:. Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 71–76; Best, Steven in Best & Nocella (eds), 2314: 2175:

From Dusk 'til Dawn: An insider's view of the growth of the Animal Liberation Movement

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1721:"Speech of John E. Lewis, Deputy Assistant Director, FBI Counterterrorism Division" 965: 722: 714: 672: 494: 460: 432:

in January 2005. In March 2005, a speech from the Counterterrorism Division of the

416: 249: 168: 3247: 3069: 2706: 1697: 1243: 1119: 593:, now a sociologist at University College, Dublin, and Dave McColl, a director of 321:

To take all necessary precautions against harming any animal, human and non-human.

2648: 2464: 2142:"Animals, values and tourism — structural shifts in UK dolphin tourism provision" 1487: 902:

The attack was credited by the acting chancellor of UCLA as helping to shape the

136:, decentralized movement that emerged in Britain in the 1970s, evolving from the 5805: 5251: 5078: 5068: 5053: 4993: 4822: 4727: 4697: 4672: 4610: 4600: 4389: 4274: 4259: 4244: 4209: 4204: 4174: 4144: 4139: 3951: 3885: 3756: 3731: 3628: 3533: 3528: 1936: 1863: 1211: 1050: 995: 860: 754: 590: 449: 403:

Although the ALF members reject violence against people, many activists support

2225: 788:

should an operation go wrong, by denying that the act was "authentically ALF".

17: 6172: 5917: 5435: 5146: 5038: 4983: 4963: 4812: 4807: 4792: 4762: 4737: 4677: 4555: 4470: 4430: 4264: 4234: 3568: 3558: 3451: 2887: 2568:

For information about Britches, see Best, Steven in Best & Nocella (eds),

2463:

United States House Energy Subcommittee on Health and the Environment (1991).

1981: 887: 781: 699: 574: 485: 397: 381: 241: 156: 1996:

What Animals Want: Expertise and Advocacy in Laboratory Animal Welfare Policy

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that the first U.S. ALF action was the removal, on 22 September 1981, of the

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For information about the banning of Best and Vlasak, see MacLeod, Donald.

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200:, which was established in 2004 to oversee illegal animal rights activity. 1647:

McClain, Carla. "ALF: A Secret Interview with a Compassionate Companion",

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Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? Reflections on the Liberation of Animals

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Free the Animals: The Amazing True Story of the Animal Liberation Front

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Animal Liberation Front: Complete Diary of Actions, The First 30 Years

2162:, Born Free Foundation.The Bellerive Foundation (Switzerland) and the 1475:

For the Animal Liberation Press Office and the High Court ruling, see

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exploded next to the fuel tank. During the attack on Headley—which

745:

Sharat Gangoli and Stuart Walker, both animal researchers with the

364:

is a San Francisco-based website that also reports on ALF actions.

2540:"NIH Director Denounces Lab Animals Thefts as 'Acts of Terrorism'" 2440:. Online Ethics Centre for Engineering and Science. Archived from 935: 230: 3262: 2908:"Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty Threatens Terrorist-Style Attack" 1941:

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to argue that the raids should be regarded as acts of terrorism.

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2353:"Monumental Animal Liberation Front Actions – United States" 866:

In 1999, ALF activists became involved in the international

3091:"Eleven Defendants Indicted on Domestic Terrorism Charges" 2817:

Picturing the Beast: Animals, Identity, and Representation

1608:

Best, Steven. "Introduction," in Best and Nocella. (eds.)

721:(ARM), although the initial statement in November 1984 by 4007:

University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid

2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2734:

Animal warfare: The story of the Animal Liberation Front

2416:

The Human Use of Animals: Case Studies in Ethical Choice

2297:, Terrorism 2000/2001", Federal Bureau of Investigation. 2000:

The Human Use of Animals: Case Studies in Ethical Choice

1347:"The History of the Hunt Saboteurs Association (Part 1)" 1341:

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351:

was a British bi-annual magazine founded by Ronnie Lee.

2192:, 1974, and for the rest see Lee and Gary Treadwell in 1924:, Animal Liberation Press Office, accessed 6 June 2010. 1813:"Britain uses hate law to ban animal rights campaigner" 874:(HLS), Europe's largest animal-testing laboratory. The 2668:

For the ARM claim of responsibility, see Mann, Keith.

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Earth Liberation Front § Cooperation with the ALF

345:

There are three publications associated with the ALF.

151:

Active in over 40 countries, the ALF operates through

6149: 5531:

Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes

3062:"Man sentenced to seven years for ecoterrorism fires" 1851:

Animal Liberation Press Office, accessed 6 June 2010.

1051:"Reflections on Prison and the Needs of Our Movement" 2932:"Animal Liberation Front bomber jailed for 12 years" 2628:

Schweitzer, Glenn E. and Dorsch Schweitzer, Carole.

2288:

Trends in Animal Rights and Environmental Extremism"

2188:

For the "reverence of life" quote, see Lee, Ronnie.

1831:

Blunkett bars US animal rights activist from Britain

1389:

For a reference to the original Bands of Mercy, see

882:

as "frankly terroristic tactics similar to those of

446:

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives

6098: 6045: 5995: 5935: 5928: 5749: 5514: 5475: 5386: 5350: 5134: 5127: 4946: 4665: 4658: 4403: 4112: 4103: 4046: 4025: 3964: 3914: 3856: 3828: 3765: 3697: 3589: 3582: 3414: 3338: 2524:"Pro-Animal ALF Flouts Law in Name of Compassion", 1783:Best, Steven; Nocella II, Anthony J., eds. (2004). 1300:Blejwas, Andrew; Griggs, Anthony; and Potok, Mark. 333:, and allows membership through a monthly fee. The 108: 98: 88: 74: 64: 46: 2984:, Rebecca Trounson and Joe Mozingo. 27 August 2006 747:British Industrial Biological Research Association 2630:A Faceless Enemy: The Origins of Modern Terrorism 2351:, North American Animal Liberation Press Office; 3386:List of international animal welfare conventions 3176:Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 2819:. University of Illinois Press, 2001, pp. 201ff. 2362:, Animal Liberation Front, accessed 6 June 2010. 2148:, Volume 22, Issue 4, August 2001, pp. 321–329. 5683:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory 2405:. 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Manchester University Press, 2004, p. 235. 2339:, Whales on the Net, accessed 2 August 2009. 2002:. Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 71–76. 1546:For a story about the Bite Back report, see 1410: 1408: 1206: 1204: 666:Animal Rights Militia and Justice Department 569:Kim Stallwood, a national organiser for the 196:domestic extremism and are monitored by the 167:economic damage. In 2006, American activist 32: 5358:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society 5302:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals 3329:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases) 3104:, 20 January 2006. Retrieved 2 October 2006 2902: 2900: 2600: 2598: 2349:"History of the Animal Liberation Movement" 2164:World Society for the Protection of Animals 1074:"History of the Animal Liberation Movement" 839:Timeline of Animal Liberation Front actions 623:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals 552:Timeline of Animal Liberation Front actions 530:money that was raised with the help of the 5932: 5511: 5500: 5131: 5124: 5110: 4662: 4109: 4100: 4086: 3586: 3335: 3324: 3308: 3294: 3286: 2309:Best, Steven in Best & Nocella (eds), 1332:Best, Steven in Best & Nocella (eds), 1296: 1294: 1257:, Issue 22, undated, accessed 5 June 2010. 415:in 1996: "t is much the same thing as the 244:was constructing a research laboratory in 38: 31: 5505:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums) 5442:Human Environment Animal Protection Party 2971:"Chancellor taking steps to protect UCLA" 2852:. Puppy Pincher Press, 2007, pp. 157–158. 2305: 2303: 2090:"Animal rights man dies on hunger strike" 1917:, drstevebest.org, accessed 6 June 2010. 621:, 17 lab monkeys in the legal custody of 5563:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology 3815:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals 2432:McCarthy, Charles R. (28 October 2004). 2315:"Last dolphin dies at marine laboratory" 1265: 1263: 797:Headley bombers were never apprehended. 27:Animal rights direct action organization 6156: 3406:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare 2502:"Going to Extremes for 'Animal Rights'" 1599:. University of California Press, 1983. 1559:Law Enforcement Agency Resource Network 1391:"Information respecting Bands of Mercy" 1143: 1141: 1022: 3483:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness 2993:Trounson, Rebecca & Mozingo, Joe. 1466:"Special Diets only for the Dedicated" 694:tests on monkeys. On 17 November, the 5699:Political Animals and Animal Politics 5287:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition 5212:Centre for Animals and Social Justice 3619:Concentrated animal feeding operation 3396:Timeline of animal welfare and rights 3351:Animal rights by country or territory 3205:Voice of the Voiceless Communications 3178:, Volume 2, Number 3, September 1989. 2869:from the original on 21 February 2018 2777:. Understanding Animal Research (UAR) 2720:, 23 May 2006, accessed 5 March 2008. 2618:from the original on 12 January 2015. 2170:) were also involved in the campaign. 1741:"FBI, ATF address domestic terrorism" 1687:, United States Department of Justice 1097: 1095: 894:activist—advice about how to make an 776:False flags and plausible deniability 7: 5430:Animalist Party with the Environment 3712:Animal testing on non-human primates 2753:. Puppy Pincher Press, 2007, p. 497. 2550:from the original on 7 February 2015 2482:from the original on 7 February 2015 2177:, Puppy Pincher Press, 2007, p. 167. 2075:, cited in Best and Nocella. (eds.) 1400:, RSPCA Annual report, 1886, p. 165. 1189:from the original on 20 January 2019 5854:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home 4059:World Day for the End of Speciesism 2920:from the original on 11 March 2016. 2672:. Puppy Pincher Press, 2007, p. 497 1625:. Puppy Pincher Press, 2007, p. 55. 1488:"Oxford wins court ruling over ALF" 1314:"Investigation after uni bomb find" 1242:For the quote from Robin Webb, see 686:as part of a campaign to force the 5979:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism 5322:United Activists for Animal Rights 5232:Doctors Against Animal Experiments 3366:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies 2824:"Vets targeted in bombing attacks" 2575:For the university statement, see 2375:, National Press Books, pp. 69–72. 2100:from the original on 4 March 2020. 601:Development of the ALF in the U.S. 25: 5523:On Abstinence from Eating Animals 5483:Animal Rights National Conference 5406:Animal Protection Party of Canada 5363:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society 5217:Chinese Animal Protection Network 5142:American Anti-Vivisection Society 4616:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann 3371:Animal rights in Indian religions 3361:Animal rights and punk subculture 3160:, Volume 8, Number 1, April 2015. 2995:"UCLA to Protect Animal Research" 2226:"The man who hounds the huntsmen" 2079:. Lantern Books, 2004, pp. 28–29. 1612:. Lantern Books, 2004, pp. 24–26. 1418:, Lantern Books, 2004, pp. 70–74. 1029:For their mission statement, see 956:Animal rights and punk subculture 595:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society 6171: 6159: 6130: 6129: 5691:Animal Rights Without Liberation 5342:Voice for Animals Humane Society 4069:World Day for the End of Fishing 4064:World Day for Laboratory Animals 3494:Equal consideration of interests 3042:Associated Press (7 July 2008). 1977:"Interview With ALF Cell Member" 1386:, Lantern Books, 2004, p. 67ff. 1115:Intelligence Report, Fall 2002. 1064:, Issue 13, accessed 5 June 2010 502:" campaign, when ALF raided the 5412:Animal Justice Party of Finland 5297:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics 4506:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause 4094:(academics, writers, activists) 3987:Monkey selfie copyright dispute 3158:Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict 2797:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? 2697:, 14 December 1992, column 223. 2683:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? 2611:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 2577:Group raids labs, takes animals 2476:U.S. Government Printing Office 2392:. Lexington Books, 2006, p. 92. 2278:Lantern Books, 2004, pp. 85–87. 2276:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? 2214:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? 2198:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? 2077:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? 1922:"Who's Afraid of Jerry Vlasak?" 1849:"Who's Afraid of Jerry Vlasak?" 1653:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? 1636:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? 1610:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? 1271:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? 1087:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? 920:On 20 January 2006, as part of 904:Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act 613:Kathy Snow Guillermo writes in 430:Department of Homeland Security 376:," in the words of philosopher 189:Department of Homeland Security 5635:Animals, Property, and the Law 3707:Alternatives to animal testing 3376:Christianity and animal rights 2892:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters 2810:Animals, Politics and Morality 2738:Animals, Politics and Morality 2649:Animals, Politics and Morality 2632:. the Capo Press, 2002, p. 90. 2572:, Lantern Books, 2004, p. 22. 2570:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters 2467:Rehabilitation Act (H.R. 3349) 2420:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters 2311:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters 2250:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters 2005:The footage can be viewed at: 1477:Animal Liberation Press Office 1453:*For the Vegan Prisoners, see 1436:. Routledge 2000, pp. 160–161 1416:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters 1384:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters 1336:, Lantern Books, 2004, p. 19. 1334:Terrorists or Freedom Fighters 868:Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty 831:Save the Newchurch Guinea Pigs 827:Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty 577:of the animal welfare world". 339:Animal Liberation Press Office 185:Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty 161:Animal Liberation Press Office 1: 5272:Korea Animal Rights Advocates 3977:Cambridge University primates 3509:Ethics of uncertain sentience 3068:. 4 June 2007. Archived from 2894:, Lantern Books, 2004, p. 78. 2799:, Lantern Books, 2004, p. 25. 2538:Siegel, Lee (25 April 1985). 2422:, Lantern Books, 2004, p. 22. 2328:, 26 February 2004. Also see 2252:, Lantern Books, 2004, p. 77. 1985:, CBS News, 13 November 2005. 1668:, Channel 4 television, 1998. 1638:. Lantern Books, 2004, p. 91. 1455:Vegan Prisoners Support Group 1323:, BBC News, 27 February 2007. 1183:The Global Terrorism Database 1159:"What is domestic extremism?" 1089:, Lantern Books, 2004, p. 91. 991:Informal Anarchist Federation 656:National Institutes of Health 508:National Institutes of Health 456:in their war of liberation." 335:Vegan Prisoners Support Group 215:Devon and Somerset Staghounds 5332:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics 3477:Argument from marginal cases 3017:For Vlasak's statement, see 2330:"Biography of Ken LeVasseur" 1829:Also see Blackstock, Colin. 1497:, BBC News, 13 October 2006. 1486:, accessed 6 June 2010, and 1273:, Lantern Books, 2004, p. 8. 1214:(2011). "The Green Menace". 557:can only take place against 302:Underground and above-ground 5619:Morals, Reason, and Animals 5247:Farm Animal Rights Movement 5197:Anonymous for the Voiceless 3881:International primate trade 3356:Anarchism and animal rights 3258:Animal Liberation Frontline 3225:Young, Peter Daniel (2021) 2913:Southern Poverty Law Center 2685:Lantern Books, 2004, p. 84. 2606:"Confectionery (Poisoning)" 2390:Emerging Moral Vocabularies 2216:Lantern Books, 2004, p. 83. 2200:Lantern Books, 2004, p. 83. 1113:Southern Poverty Law Center 896:improvised explosive device 876:Southern Poverty Law Center 368:Philosophy of direct action 254:animal-testing laboratories 181:Southern Poverty Law Center 81:Active in over 40 countries 52:; 48 years ago 6215: 5739:Making a Stand for Animals 5611:The Case for Animal Rights 5262:Hunt Saboteurs Association 5222:Cruelty Free International 5192:Anti-Vivisection Coalition 3717:Animal testing regulations 3102:U.S. Department of Justice 2265:. Carpenter, 1998, p. 158. 2153:"No Dolphinaria in the UK" 1597:The Case for Animal Rights 928:U.S. Department of Justice 913: 816: 802:London Metropolitan Police 549: 546:Early tactics and ideology 504:University of Pennsylvania 219:Hunt Saboteurs Association 6125: 5894:The Ghosts in Our Machine 5731:Animal Ethics in the Wild 5510: 5499: 5167:Animal Legal Defense Fund 5123: 5109: 4461:William Hamilton Drummond 4099: 4085: 3820:Welfare of farmed insects 3447:Animal–industrial complex 3334: 3323: 3229:. Warcry Communications. 1553:26 September 2006 at the 1367:, Letters to the Editor, 870:(SHAC) campaign to close 114:animalliberationfrontline 37: 5972:Journal of Animal Ethics 5838:Your Mommy Kills Animals 5227:Direct Action Everywhere 4631:Johann Heinrich Winckler 4576:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers 4033:Direct Action Everywhere 3737:Huntingdon Life Sciences 3722:Labcorp Drug Development 3679:Feedback (pork industry) 3644:Intensive animal farming 3381:History of animal rights 3181:Wolf, Screaming (1991). 1525:, accessed 6 June 2010. 1464:, accessed 6 June 2010; 971:Direct Action Everywhere 884:anti-abortion extremists 872:Huntingdon Life Sciences 751:Huntingdon Life Sciences 540:Turks and Caicos Islands 459:Best and trauma surgeon 6194:Animal Liberation Front 6107:Holocaust on your Plate 5878:An Apology to Elephants 5659:Do Animals Have Rights? 5595:Animals, Men and Morals 5571:Better-World Philosophy 5448:Italian Animalist Party 5327:United Poultry Concerns 5282:Last Chance for Animals 5177:Animal Liberation Front 5064:Maud Ingersoll Probasco 3549:Replaceability argument 3467:Animal-free agriculture 3268:5 December 2020 at the 3119:"Terrorism 2000 / 2001" 2775:Animal Rights Extremism 2388:, 2000; Lowe, Brian M. 2371:Guillermo, Kathy Snow. 2168:World Animal Protection 1953:10.1057/9781137440723_3 1880:10.1057/9781137440723_3 1709:Congressional Quarterly 1581:, accessed 6 June 2010. 1543:, accessed 6 June 2010. 1434:The Future of Terrorism 1302:"Terror from the Right" 1131:Congressional Quarterly 961:Critical animal studies 855:, which bred cats; and 823:Save the Hillgrove Cats 331:prisoners of conscience 242:Hoechst Pharmaceuticals 191:planning document as a 132:) is an international, 126:Animal Liberation Front 33:Animal Liberation Front 6080:Salvation of Innocents 5627:Zoos and Animal Rights 5202:Beauty Without Cruelty 5162:Animal Justice Project 4496:John Zephaniah Holwell 4150:Stephen St. C. Bostock 3727:Great ape research ban 3346:Animal rights movement 3133:Always Looking Forward 2326:Honolulu Star-Bulletin 1220:City Lights Publishers 1040:, accessed 5 June 2010 976:Earth Liberation Front 847:, a facility breeding 442:Earth Liberation Front 401: 327: 6099:Fairs and exhibitions 5986:The Animals' Defender 5958:Cahiers antispécistes 5886:Speciesism: The Movie 5707:Animal (De)liberation 5667:Striking at the Roots 5579:The Universal Kinship 5539:The Rights of Animals 5460:People Animals Nature 5454:Party for the Animals 5267:In Defense of Animals 5029:Nina Douglas-Hamilton 4416:David Renaud Boullier 4002:Silver Spring monkeys 3901:Wild animal suffering 3810:Pain in invertebrates 3649:Intensive pig farming 3539:Opposition to hunting 3504:Ethics of eating meat 2916:. 20 September 2002. 2588:Philadelphia Inquirer 2544:Associated Press News 1343:. Berg, 2000, p. 167. 1031:ALF mission statement 914:Further information: 817:Further information: 786:plausible deniability 719:Animal Rights Militia 619:Silver Spring monkeys 550:Further information: 309: 5715:Sentientist Politics 5643:The Lives of Animals 5394:Animal Justice Party 5207:Born Free Foundation 5044:Lizzy Lind af Hageby 4918:Wendy Turner-Webster 4626:Adam Gottlieb Weigen 3848:Recreational fishing 3689:Ventilation shutdown 3457:Animal protectionism 3437:Animal consciousness 3183:A Declaration of War 2614:. 19 November 1984. 2414:Orlans, F. Barbara. 2401:Rudacille, Deborah. 2094:Lancashire Telegraph 1655:, 2004, pp. 115–116. 1102:"From Push to Shove" 851:for animal testing; 717:were claimed by the 608:University of Hawaii 532:Born Free Foundation 284:to secure access to 146:Underground Railroad 6139:( 139 ) 5965:Etica & Animali 5951:Between the Species 5675:An American Trilogy 5368:Humanitarian League 4979:Frances Power Cobbe 4591:Arthur Schopenhauer 4586:Henry Stephens Salt 4466:Edward Payson Evans 4160:Stephen R. L. Clark 4017:War of the currents 3906:Wildlife management 3800:Pain in crustaceans 3795:Pain in cephalopods 3196:Young, Peter Daniel 2850:From Dusk Till Dawn 2771:"Violent Extremism" 2751:From Dusk Till Dawn 2528:, 15 February 1998. 2239:, 24 December 1975. 2237:St Neots Advertiser 2096:. 8 November 2001. 1623:From Dusk Till Dawn 1011:Total liberationism 759:mercury-tilt device 690:to stop conducting 583:Frances Power Cobbe 34: 5902:Unlocking the Cage 5723:Wild Animal Ethics 5547:The Ethics of Diet 5424:Animalist Movement 5400:Animal Politics EU 5312:Sentience Politics 4938:That Vegan Teacher 4551:Siobhan O'Sullivan 4536:José Ferrater Mora 4345:Steve F. Sapontzis 3838:Commercial fishing 3790:Pain in amphibians 3780:Cruelty to animals 3752:Operation Backfire 3591:Animal agriculture 3499:Emotion in animals 3211:2010-04-10 at the 3170:2021-02-04 at the 3152:2021-02-04 at the 3124:2021-02-04 at the 3096:2006-02-06 at the 3024:2006-10-04 at the 3000:2006-09-03 at the 2976:2007-03-01 at the 2953:2017-07-06 at the 2938:, 8 December 2006. 2829:2012-10-20 at the 2712:2006-06-23 at the 2654:2016-12-23 at the 2582:2012-01-11 at the 2513:The New York Times 2507:2017-02-19 at the 2358:2008-10-07 at the 2335:2007-01-12 at the 2320:2007-10-30 at the 2293:2004-09-15 at the 2231:2008-02-01 at the 2158:2007-11-29 at the 2146:Tourism Management 2056:2007-02-02 at the 2045:2007-02-02 at the 2034:2007-02-02 at the 2023:2007-02-04 at the 2012:2007-02-02 at the 1947:. pp. 68–69. 1945:Palgrave Macmillan 1913:2011-10-03 at the 1872:Palgrave Macmillan 1836:2020-05-27 at the 1826:, 31 August 2005. 1818:2008-05-08 at the 1770:2004-09-15 at the 1746:2005-12-20 at the 1726:2020-10-24 at the 1703:2008-11-29 at the 1683:2017-06-30 at the 1664:"Inside the ALF", 1577:2007-05-12 at the 1561:, 25 January 2005. 1539:2007-11-27 at the 1521:2007-09-27 at the 1493:2006-11-09 at the 1482:2005-12-12 at the 1460:2021-01-25 at the 1396:2013-06-12 at the 1363:2017-07-07 at the 1358:"Losing the Scent" 1352:2008-04-08 at the 1319:2015-02-07 at the 1249:2006-06-23 at the 1222:. pp. 44–47. 1164:2011-09-29 at the 1153:2010-03-05 at the 1125:2008-11-29 at the 1107:2005-02-04 at the 1056:2007-09-27 at the 1036:2008-05-11 at the 940:domestic terrorism 923:Operation Backfire 910:Operation Backfire 813:1996–present 731:Justice Department 436:stated that: "The 374:subjects-of-a-life 297:Structure and aims 193:domestic terrorist 6147: 6146: 6140: 6121: 6120: 6117: 6116: 6088:Onward to Freedom 6056:Animal Liberation 6041: 6040: 5862:Forks Over Knives 5814:Peaceable Kingdom 5774:Shores of Silence 5766:A Cow at My Table 5651:Eternal Treblinka 5603:Animal Liberation 5495: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5382: 5381: 5317:Uncaged Campaigns 5292:Mercy for Animals 5257:Great Ape Project 5172:Animal Liberation 5118:(groups, parties) 5105: 5104: 5101: 5100: 5097: 5096: 5004:Elizabeth Farians 4913:Christine Townend 4853:Heather Nicholson 4778:Brigitte Gothière 4768:Antoine Goetschel 4654: 4653: 4315:Charles Patterson 4220:Gary L. Francione 4195:Josephine Donovan 4185:Daniel Dombrowski 4165:Alasdair Cochrane 4081: 4080: 4077: 4076: 3960: 3959: 3891:Predation problem 3775:Animal euthanasia 3684:Foam depopulation 3519:Insects in ethics 3275:documentary films 3221:978-0-9842844-0-5 3032:, 22 August 2006. 3008:, 26 August 2006. 3006:Los Angeles Times 2515:, 30 August 1987. 2500:Franklin, Ben A. 2384:Newkirk, Ingrid. 2073:Animal Liberation 1844:, 26 August 2004. 680:Margaret Thatcher 631:Howard University 470:necessity defense 233:youth group, The 122: 121: 16:(Redirected from 6206: 6176: 6175: 6164: 6163: 6155: 6138: 6133: 6132: 5944:Animal Sentience 5933: 5798:Legally Blonde 2 5758:The Animals Film 5512: 5501: 5307:Rise for Animals 5132: 5125: 5111: 4974:Edith Carrington 4878:Craig Rosebraugh 4838:Virginia McKenna 4828:Jo-Anne McArthur 4758:Juliet Gellatley 4663: 4621:Mary Anne Warren 4561:Humphrey Primatt 4546:Edward Nicholson 4516:Charles R. Magel 4481:Thomas G. Gentry 4340:Richard D. Ryder 4280:Thomas Lepeltier 4110: 4101: 4087: 4054:World Animal Day 4012:Unnecessary Fuss 3972:Brown Dog affair 3942:Animals in sport 3932:Animal slaughter 3927:Animal sacrifice 3866:Culling wildlife 3669:Wildlife farming 3587: 3432:Animal cognition 3401:Total liberation 3336: 3325: 3310: 3303: 3296: 3287: 3263:Talon Conspiracy 3145:Braddock, Kurt. 3135:. NAALPO, 2011. 3105: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3058: 3052: 3051: 3039: 3033: 3019:"Terror at UCLA" 3015: 3009: 2991: 2985: 2968: 2962: 2945: 2939: 2930:Addley, Esther. 2928: 2922: 2921: 2904: 2895: 2885: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2859: 2853: 2846: 2840: 2808:Garner, Robert. 2806: 2800: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2767: 2754: 2747: 2741: 2727: 2721: 2704: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2679: 2673: 2666: 2660: 2639: 2633: 2626: 2620: 2619: 2602: 2593: 2590:, 22 April 1985. 2566: 2560: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2535: 2529: 2522: 2516: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2472:Washington, D.C. 2460: 2454: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2444:on 23 April 2007 2429: 2423: 2412: 2406: 2399: 2393: 2382: 2376: 2369: 2363: 2346: 2340: 2307: 2298: 2285: 2279: 2272: 2266: 2259: 2253: 2246: 2240: 2223: 2217: 2210: 2201: 2186: 2180: 2138: 2132: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2118:. Archived from 2108: 2102: 2101: 2086: 2080: 2069: 2063: 1994:Carbone, Larry. 1992: 1986: 1973: 1967: 1966: 1933: 1927: 1904: 1898: 1897: 1860: 1854: 1809: 1803: 1802: 1780: 1774: 1761: 1755: 1737: 1731: 1718: 1712: 1711:, 25 March 2005. 1694: 1688: 1675: 1669: 1662: 1656: 1645: 1639: 1632: 1626: 1619: 1613: 1606: 1600: 1590: 1584: 1506: 1500: 1451: 1445: 1430: 1419: 1412: 1403: 1380: 1374: 1339:Ryder, Richard. 1330: 1324: 1311: 1305: 1298: 1289: 1282:Keith, Shannon. 1280: 1274: 1267: 1258: 1240: 1234: 1233: 1208: 1199: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1175: 1169: 1145: 1136: 1133:, 25 March 2005. 1099: 1090: 1083: 1077: 1071: 1065: 1047: 1041: 1027: 660:James Wyngaarden 640:Unnecessary Fuss 500:Unnecessary Fuss 118: 115: 60: 58: 53: 42: 35: 21: 6214: 6213: 6209: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6204: 6203: 6184: 6183: 6182: 6170: 6158: 6150: 6148: 6143: 6113: 6094: 6037: 6018:Muutoksen kevät 5991: 5924: 5830:Behind the Mask 5745: 5555:Animals' Rights 5506: 5487: 5471: 5378: 5346: 5119: 5093: 4954:Cleveland Amory 4942: 4908:Darren Thurston 4903:Marianne Thieme 4753:Bruce Friedrich 4718:Joey Carbstrong 4703:Brigitte Bardot 4650: 4641:Jon Wynne-Tyson 4531:J. Howard Moore 4476:John Galsworthy 4456:Wilhelm Dietler 4399: 4395:Corey Lee Wrenn 4305:Martha Nussbaum 4215:Lawrence Finsen 4155:Paola Cavalieri 4130:Kristin Andrews 4105: 4095: 4073: 4042: 4021: 3956: 3910: 3852: 3824: 3785:Pain in animals 3761: 3693: 3659:Poultry farming 3578: 3410: 3330: 3319: 3314: 3270:Wayback Machine 3244: 3239: 3213:Wayback Machine 3172:Wayback Machine 3163:Tester, Keith. 3154:Wayback Machine 3126:Wayback Machine 3114: 3112:Further reading 3109: 3108: 3098:Wayback Machine 3089: 3085: 3075: 3073: 3072:on 2 April 2012 3060: 3059: 3055: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3026:Wayback Machine 3016: 3012: 3002:Wayback Machine 2992: 2988: 2978:Wayback Machine 2969: 2965: 2959:The Independent 2955:Wayback Machine 2946: 2942: 2929: 2925: 2906: 2905: 2898: 2886: 2882: 2872: 2870: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2847: 2843: 2837:, 16 June 1990. 2831:Wayback Machine 2807: 2803: 2794: 2790: 2780: 2778: 2769: 2768: 2757: 2748: 2744: 2728: 2724: 2714:Wayback Machine 2705: 2701: 2693: 2689: 2680: 2676: 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770:GlaxoSmithKline 668: 615:Monkey Business 603: 554: 548: 409:animal research 370: 304: 299: 270: 261:property damage 211: 206: 112: 84: 56: 54: 51: 28: 23: 22: 18:David Barbarash 15: 12: 11: 5: 6212: 6210: 6202: 6201: 6196: 6186: 6185: 6181: 6180: 6168: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6141: 6126: 6123: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6111: 6102: 6100: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6092: 6084: 6076: 6068: 6060: 6051: 6049: 6043: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6028: 6021: 6014: 6007: 5999: 5997: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5989: 5982: 5975: 5968: 5961: 5954: 5947: 5939: 5937: 5930: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5922: 5914: 5906: 5898: 5890: 5882: 5874: 5866: 5858: 5850: 5842: 5834: 5826: 5818: 5810: 5802: 5794: 5790:Meet Your Meat 5786: 5778: 5770: 5762: 5753: 5751: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5743: 5735: 5727: 5719: 5711: 5703: 5695: 5687: 5679: 5671: 5663: 5655: 5647: 5639: 5631: 5623: 5615: 5607: 5599: 5591: 5587:The New Ethics 5583: 5575: 5567: 5559: 5551: 5543: 5535: 5527: 5518: 5516: 5508: 5507: 5504: 5497: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5489: 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3577: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3554:Sentiocentrism 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3462:Animal welfare 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3342: 3340: 3332: 3331: 3328: 3321: 3320: 3315: 3313: 3312: 3305: 3298: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3272: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3243: 3242:External links 3240: 3238: 3237: 3235:978-1732709690 3223: 3193: 3191:978-0983054733 3179: 3161: 3143: 3141:978-0983054740 3131:Bond, Walter. 3129: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3106: 3083: 3053: 3034: 3010: 2986: 2963: 2940: 2923: 2896: 2880: 2854: 2841: 2839: 2838: 2820: 2815:Baker, Steve. 2801: 2788: 2755: 2742: 2722: 2699: 2687: 2674: 2661: 2634: 2621: 2594: 2592: 2591: 2561: 2530: 2526:Sacramento Bee 2517: 2493: 2455: 2424: 2407: 2394: 2377: 2364: 2341: 2299: 2280: 2267: 2254: 2241: 2218: 2202: 2181: 2179: 2178: 2171: 2166:(Now known as 2133: 2112:"Barry's life" 2103: 2081: 2064: 2062: 2061: 1987: 1968: 1962:978-1137471116 1961: 1928: 1926: 1925: 1920:Best, Steven. 1906:Best, Steven. 1899: 1889:978-1137471116 1888: 1874:. p. 68. 1855: 1853: 1852: 1845: 1804: 1798:978-1590560549 1797: 1791:. p. 36. 1775: 1756: 1754:, 19 May 2005. 1732: 1713: 1696:Rood, Justin. 1689: 1670: 1657: 1640: 1627: 1614: 1601: 1585: 1583: 1582: 1562: 1544: 1501: 1499: 1498: 1446: 1420: 1404: 1402: 1401: 1375: 1373: 1372: 1344: 1325: 1306: 1290: 1275: 1259: 1235: 1229:978-0872865389 1228: 1200: 1170: 1137: 1135: 1134: 1118:Rood, Justin. 1091: 1078: 1066: 1042: 1021: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 951: 948: 911: 908: 880:modus operandi 857:Newchurch Farm 853:Hillgrove Farm 835:SPEAK campaign 814: 811: 777: 774: 738:Paul Wilkinson 667: 664: 627:Ingrid Newkirk 602: 599: 547: 544: 536:Mail on Sunday 425:Paul Wilkinson 405:property crime 369: 366: 326: 325: 322: 319: 316: 313: 303: 300: 298: 295: 278:Ivor Clemitson 269: 266: 235:Bands of Mercy 210: 207: 205: 202: 138:Bands of Mercy 120: 119: 110: 106: 105: 100: 96: 95: 93:United Kingdom 90: 86: 85: 83: 82: 78: 76: 72: 71: 66: 62: 61: 50:June 1976 48: 44: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6211: 6200: 6199:Eco-terrorism 6197: 6195: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6153: 6136: 6128: 6127: 6124: 6109: 6108: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6097: 6090: 6089: 6085: 6082: 6081: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6069: 6066: 6065: 6064:Tame Yourself 6061: 6058: 6057: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6048: 6044: 6034: 6033: 6029: 6027: 6026: 6025:No Compromise 6022: 6020: 6019: 6015: 6013: 6012: 6008: 6006: 6005: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5976: 5974: 5973: 5969: 5967: 5966: 5962: 5960: 5959: 5955: 5953: 5952: 5948: 5946: 5945: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5934: 5931: 5927: 5920: 5919: 5915: 5912: 5911: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5895: 5891: 5888: 5887: 5883: 5880: 5879: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5864: 5863: 5859: 5856: 5855: 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5392: 5391: 5389: 5385: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5349: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5182:Animal Rising 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5152:Animal Ethics 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5133: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5108: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5049:Jessie Mackay 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5024:James Granger 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4959:Henry B. Amos 4957: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4928:Louise Wallis 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4893:Kim Stallwood 4891: 4889: 4888:Jasmin Singer 4886: 4884: 4883:Nathan Runkle 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4868:David Olivier 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4748:John Feldmann 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4723:Aymeric Caron 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4693:Carole Baskin 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4664: 4661: 4657: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4596:Laurids Smith 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4566:James Rachels 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4511:John Lawrence 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4421:Brigid Brophy 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4408: 4406: 4402: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4385:Tatjana Višak 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4375:David Sztybel 4373: 4371: 4370:Cass Sunstein 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4335:Mark Rowlands 4333: 4331: 4330:Evelyn Pluhar 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4285:Andrew Linzey 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4270:Will Kymlicka 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4250:Dale Jamieson 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4230:Valéry Giroux 4228: 4226: 4225:Robert Garner 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4190:Sue Donaldson 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4170:J. M. Coetzee 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4135:Tom Beauchamp 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4111: 4108: 4102: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4084: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4051: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4038:Hunt sabotage 4036: 4034: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4026:Methodologies 4024: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3963: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3871:Hare coursing 3869: 3867: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3827: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3764: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3614:Chick culling 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3588: 3585: 3581: 3575: 3574:Vegetarianism 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3472:Anthrozoology 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3442:Animal ethics 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3317:Animal rights 3311: 3306: 3304: 3299: 3297: 3292: 3291: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3207: 3206: 3201: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3166: 3162: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3148: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3127: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3116: 3111: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3092: 3087: 3084: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3057: 3054: 3049: 3045: 3038: 3035: 3031: 3030:Critical Mass 3027: 3023: 3020: 3014: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2996: 2990: 2987: 2983: 2982:Seattle Times 2979: 2975: 2972: 2967: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2949: 2944: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2927: 2924: 2919: 2915: 2914: 2909: 2903: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2884: 2881: 2868: 2864: 2858: 2855: 2851: 2848:Mann, Keith. 2845: 2842: 2836: 2835:New Scientist 2832: 2828: 2825: 2822:Vines, Gail. 2821: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2805: 2802: 2798: 2792: 2789: 2776: 2772: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2749:Mann, Keith. 2746: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2726: 2723: 2719: 2718:No Compromise 2715: 2711: 2708: 2703: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2688: 2684: 2678: 2675: 2671: 2665: 2662: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2650: 2645: 2644: 2638: 2635: 2631: 2625: 2622: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2607: 2601: 2599: 2595: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2578: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2565: 2562: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2534: 2531: 2527: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2503: 2497: 2494: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2468: 2459: 2456: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2428: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2411: 2408: 2404: 2398: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2381: 2378: 2374: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2354: 2350: 2345: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2316: 2312: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2289: 2284: 2281: 2277: 2271: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2255: 2251: 2245: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2227: 2222: 2219: 2215: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2185: 2182: 2176: 2173:Mann, Keith. 2172: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2154: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2137: 2134: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2107: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2085: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2068: 2065: 2059: 2055: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2003: 2001: 1997: 1991: 1988: 1984: 1983: 1978: 1975:Bradley, Ed. 1972: 1969: 1964: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1932: 1929: 1923: 1919: 1918: 1916: 1912: 1909: 1903: 1900: 1896: 1891: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1859: 1856: 1850: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1832: 1828: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1814: 1808: 1805: 1800: 1794: 1790: 1789:Lantern Books 1786: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1769: 1766: 1760: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1742: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1699: 1693: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1674: 1671: 1667: 1661: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1649:No Compromise 1644: 1641: 1637: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1621:Mann, Keith. 1618: 1615: 1611: 1605: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1589: 1586: 1580: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1571:No Compromise 1567: 1566:No Compromise 1563: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1542: 1538: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1505: 1502: 1496: 1492: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1456: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1399: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1387: 1385: 1379: 1376: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1335: 1329: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1315: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1286: 1279: 1276: 1272: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1255:No Compromise 1252: 1248: 1245: 1239: 1236: 1231: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1149: 1148:"About NETCU" 1144: 1142: 1138: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1121: 1117: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1082: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1062:No Compromise 1059: 1055: 1052: 1046: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1032: 1026: 1023: 1016: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 981:GANDALF trial 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 953: 949: 947: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 924: 917: 909: 907: 905: 899: 897: 891: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 864: 862: 859:, which bred 858: 854: 850: 846: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 812: 810: 808: 803: 798: 795: 789: 787: 783: 775: 773: 771: 766: 765: 764:New Scientist 760: 756: 752: 748: 742: 739: 734: 732: 728: 727:nom de guerre 724: 720: 716: 711: 709: 705: 701: 697: 696:Sunday Mirror 693: 689: 685: 681: 676: 674: 665: 663: 661: 657: 653: 649: 644: 642: 641: 634: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 611: 609: 600: 598: 596: 592: 588: 587:The Liberator 584: 578: 576: 572: 567: 565: 564:direct action 560: 553: 545: 543: 541: 537: 533: 528: 524: 520: 515: 513: 512:direct action 509: 505: 501: 496: 491: 488: 487: 482: 477: 475: 471: 466: 465:animal rights 462: 457: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 438:eco-terrorist 435: 431: 426: 421: 418: 417:abolitionists 414: 413:No Compromise 410: 406: 400: 399: 393: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 367: 365: 363: 362: 361:No Compromise 356: 355: 350: 349: 343: 340: 336: 332: 323: 320: 317: 314: 311: 310: 308: 301: 296: 294: 290: 287: 283: 282:hunger strike 279: 275: 267: 265: 262: 257: 255: 251: 247: 246:Milton Keynes 243: 238: 236: 232: 227: 226:animal rights 224:According to 222: 220: 216: 209:Band of Mercy 208: 203: 201: 199: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 177:animal rights 172: 170: 164: 162: 158: 154: 149: 147: 141: 139: 135: 131: 127: 117: 111: 107: 104: 103:Direct action 101: 97: 94: 91: 87: 80: 79: 77: 73: 70: 69:Animal rights 67: 63: 49: 45: 41: 36: 30: 19: 6105: 6086: 6078: 6070: 6062: 6054: 6030: 6023: 6016: 6009: 6002: 5984: 5977: 5970: 5963: 5956: 5949: 5942: 5916: 5908: 5900: 5892: 5884: 5876: 5868: 5860: 5852: 5844: 5836: 5828: 5820: 5812: 5804: 5796: 5788: 5780: 5772: 5764: 5756: 5737: 5729: 5721: 5713: 5705: 5697: 5689: 5681: 5673: 5665: 5657: 5649: 5641: 5633: 5625: 5617: 5609: 5601: 5593: 5585: 5577: 5569: 5561: 5553: 5545: 5537: 5529: 5521: 5374:Oxford Group 5242:Every Animal 5176: 5135:Contemporary 5084:Andrew Tyler 5074:Nell Shipman 5014:André Géraud 4923:Jerry Vlasak 4898:Lynda Stoner 4873:Alex Pacheco 4803:Evanna Lynch 4798:Howard Lyman 4783:Wayne Hsiung 4743:Chris DeRose 4733:Rod Coronado 4666:Contemporary 4606:Thomas Tryon 4526:Mary Midgley 4521:Jean Meslier 4501:Soame Jenyns 4491:John Hildrop 4486:Arthur Helps 4451:Richard Dean 4426:Peter Buchan 4365:Gary Steiner 4360:Peter Singer 4355:Jérôme Segal 4320:David Pearce 4310:Clare Palmer 4300:David Nibert 4290:Clair Linzey 4200:Joan Dunayer 4125:Aysha Akhtar 4113:Contemporary 3982:McLibel case 3937:Animal trial 3896:Seal hunting 3858:Wild animals 3843:Fishing bait 3805:Pain in fish 3624:Fish farming 3604:Battery cage 3524:Meat paradox 3481: 3422:Abolitionism 3278: 3226: 3204: 3199: 3182: 3175: 3157: 3132: 3101: 3086: 3074:. Retrieved 3070:the original 3065: 3056: 3047: 3037: 3029: 3013: 3005: 2989: 2981: 2966: 2958: 2943: 2936:The Guardian 2935: 2926: 2911: 2891: 2883: 2871:. Retrieved 2857: 2849: 2844: 2834: 2816: 2809: 2804: 2796: 2791: 2779:. Retrieved 2774: 2750: 2745: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2717: 2702: 2694: 2690: 2682: 2677: 2669: 2664: 2647: 2643:The Guardian 2641: 2637: 2629: 2624: 2609: 2587: 2569: 2564: 2552:. Retrieved 2543: 2533: 2525: 2520: 2512: 2496: 2484:. Retrieved 2465: 2458: 2446:. Retrieved 2442:the original 2437: 2427: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2402: 2397: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2372: 2367: 2344: 2325: 2310: 2283: 2275: 2270: 2262: 2257: 2249: 2244: 2236: 2221: 2213: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2174: 2145: 2136: 2124:. Retrieved 2120:the original 2115: 2106: 2093: 2084: 2076: 2072: 2067: 1999: 1995: 1990: 1980: 1971: 1940: 1937:Best, Steven 1931: 1902: 1893: 1867: 1864:Best, Steven 1858: 1842:The Guardian 1841: 1824:The Guardian 1823: 1807: 1784: 1778: 1759: 1751: 1735: 1716: 1708: 1692: 1673: 1665: 1660: 1652: 1648: 1643: 1635: 1630: 1622: 1617: 1609: 1604: 1596: 1588: 1570: 1565: 1558: 1529: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1469: 1449: 1433: 1415: 1383: 1378: 1369:The Guardian 1368: 1340: 1333: 1328: 1309: 1283: 1278: 1270: 1254: 1238: 1215: 1212:Potter, Will 1191:. 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Forster 4431:Mona Caird 4404:Historical 4265:Hilda Kean 4235:Lori Gruen 3569:Vegaphobia 3559:Speciesism 3452:Animal law 3185:. 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