253:(1987). The study looked primarily at the race of the victim in each murder case in order to evaluate the presence of racial discrimination in the sentencing process. The study also examined, to a lesser extent, the race of the defendant, in order to evaluate the presence of racial discrimination in the sentencing process. After evaluating the initial findings in the study, Baldus and his colleagues subjected their data to extensive analysis involving 230 variables that could have explained the findings on non-racial grounds. In one such analysis that subjected the data to 39 nonracial variables, Baldus found that defendants accused of killing white victims were 4.3 times more likely to receive the death penalty than defendants accused of killing black victims. This analysis also showed that black defendants were 1.1 times more likely than white defendants to receive the death penalty. Based on these findings, Baldus and his colleagues concluded that a black defendant accused of killing a white victim was more likely than any other type of defendant to receive the death penalty. These results were used by the defense in
329:) that the death penalty sentencing in his trial was influenced by racial discrimination. Baldus and his colleagues found in the charging and sentencing study that of the 2,484 cases studied, 128 defendants were given a sentence of the death penalty, meaning that 5% of all studied defendants were sentenced to death. The researchers also found that in cases where the victim was white, the death sentences was handed out at a rate 8.3 times higher than in cases where the victim was black. Finally, the study concluded that in cases with white victims and black defendant the death penalty was given out 21% of the time while in cases where both the victim and defendant were white the death penalty was given 8% of the time.
295:, the death penalty was given to black defendants 19% of the time and to white defendants 8% of the time. The death penalty was given to defendants with black victims 10% of the time and to defendants with white victims 18% of the time. From this data, the researchers concluded that the race of the victim was more influential than the race of the defendant in death penalty sentencing. It was also concluded that black defendants and defendants with white victims were given harsher punishments than other defendants convicted of the same crimes.
302:, Baldus and his fellow researchers found that the death penalty was given to 22% of white defendants and to 16% of black defendants. In trials where the victim was white the death penalty was given out 27% of the time and in trials where the victim was black the death penalty was given out 7% of the time.
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The charging and sentencing study placed its emphasis on the amount of influence that racial and other illegitimate case characteristics had on the progress of cases from the point of indictment up to the death penalty sentencing decision. The charging and sentencing study was conducted by request
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and assessed how reforms affected discrimination found in sentencing decisions. Baldus and his colleagues looked specifically at two aspects of the trial for the procedural reform study: whether or not the prosecutor chose to seek the death sentence after a capital murder conviction was obtained,
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to try to show that racial discrimination had played a role in the sentencing of Warren McCleskey. Two types of statistical studies were used in order to examine these murder trials: a procedural reform study and a charging and sentencing study.
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imposed a death sentence after the trial. The procedural reform study was conducted for purely academic reasons and the researchers had no intentions of using the results in actual murder trials.
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161:. He held the position from 1969 until his death in 2011. His research focused on law and social science and he conducted extensive research on the
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The purpose of the procedural reform study was to compare the procedure with which
Georgia sentenced convicted murder defendants before and after
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which funded the study and which hoped to use the results from the study to challenge the death-penalty system in
Georgia.
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In 1983 David C. Baldus, along with
Charles A. Pulaski and George Woodworth, published a study examining the presence of
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157:(June 23, 1935 – June 13, 2011) was an American legal scholar. He was the Joseph B. Tye Professor of Law at the
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in death penalty sentencing. The study analyzed over 2000 murder cases occurring in the state of
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The results of the charging and sentencing study were the basis of Warren McCleskey's appeal (
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The procedural reform study looked at murder trials which occurred both before and after
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Law
Faculty. 2005. The University of Iowa College of Law, Iowa City, Iowa. 9 April 2009
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398:"Comparative Review of Death Sentences: An Empirical Study of the Georgia Experience"
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in the 1970s. The cases examined by Baldus all occurred between two
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Equal
Justice and the Death Penalty: A Legal and Empirical Analysis
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Baldus, David C.; Pulaski, Charles A.; Woodworth, George (1990).
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Baldus, David C.; Pulaski, Charles; Woodworth, George (1983).
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371:"David C. Baldus - the University of Iowa College of Law"
350:"David C. Baldus, 75, Dies; Studied Race and the Law"
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The Death
Penalty in America: Current Controversies
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471:. New York: Oxford University Press. p.
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639:University of Iowa College of Law faculty
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402:Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
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634:American anti–death penalty activists
16:American professor of law (1935-2011)
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649:People from Wheeling, West Virginia
225:Equal justice and the death penalty
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298:In murder trials occurring after
624:University of Pittsburgh alumni
189:in 1962. He went on to attend
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306:Charging and sentencing study
185:(Political Science) from the
205:in Pittsburgh from 1964–68.
644:United States Army officers
239:United States Supreme Court
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463:Bedau, Hugo Adam (1997).
241:cases involving Georgia:
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619:Dartmouth College alumni
187:University of Pittsburgh
177:(Government Major) from
155:David Christopher Baldus
76:University of Pittsburgh
23:David Christopher Baldus
275:and whether or not the
262:Procedural reform study
36:Wheeling, West Virginia
629:Yale Law School alumni
165:in the United States.
231:racial discrimination
214:Army Security Agency
173:Baldus received his
580:(1990), p. 45.
355:The New York Times
159:University of Iowa
139:University of Iowa
482:978-0-19-510438-7
446:978-1-55553-056-3
348:(June 14, 2011).
326:McCleskey v. Kemp
300:Furman v. Georgia
293:Furman v. Georgia
289:Furman v. Georgia
272:Furman v. Georgia
268:Furman v. Georgia
255:McCleskey v. Kemp
250:McCleskey v. Kemp
244:Furman v. Georgia
179:Dartmouth College
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135:Institutions
49:(2011-06-13)
614:2011 deaths
609:1935 births
346:Adam Liptak
247:(1972) and
603:Categories
381:2009-04-10
333:References
210:Lieutenant
121:Discipline
311:from the
169:Biography
129:Sociology
63:Education
220:Research
212:for the
589:Baldus
576:Baldus
563:Baldus
550:Baldus
537:Baldus
524:Baldus
511:Baldus
498:Baldus
422:1143133
319:Results
283:Results
235:Georgia
591:et al.
578:et al.
565:et al.
552:et al.
539:et al.
526:et al.
513:et al.
500:et al.
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57:, U.S.
38:, U.S.
418:JSTOR
313:NAACP
199:LL.M.
195:LL.B.
477:ISBN
441:ISBN
277:jury
44:Died
29:Born
473:254
410:doi
93:LLM
89:LLB
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