David Livingstone - Knowledge (XXG)

1307:, acting Consul at Zanzibar, and sent to get Livingstone to safety. These slaves had been liberated and added to his party, but had shown violent conduct against local people contrary to his instructions, and he feared they might have been involved in starting the massacre. His diary noted "Dugumbe's men murdering Kimburu and another for slaves" and implied that the slave Manilla played a leading part, but looking back at the events, he says Dugumbé's people bore responsibility, and started it to make an example of Manilla. In the diary he described his sending his men with protection of a flag to assist Manilla's brother, in his journal version it was to assist villagers. The version edited by Waller in the "Last Journals", published in 1874, left out the context of Livingstone's earlier comments about Kirk and bad behaviour of the hired Banyan men, and omitted the villagers' earlier violent resistance to Arab slavers, so it portrayed the villagers as passive victims. The section on the massacre itself had only minor grammatical corrections. Further research into diary notes continues. 1580: 906: 1383: 770: 982:, president of the Royal Geographical Society, put him in touch with the Foreign Secretary, Livingstone said nothing to the LMS directors, even when his leadership of a government expedition to the Zambezi seemed increasingly likely to be funded by the Exchequer. "I am not yet fairly on with the Government," he told a friend, "but am nearly quite off with the Society (LMS)." Livingstone resigned from the London Missionary Society in 1857, and in May of that year he was appointed as Her Majesty's Consul with a roving commission, extending through Mozambique to the areas west of it. In February 1858 his area of jurisdiction was stipulated to be "the Eastern Coast of Africa and the independent districts in the interior". 1477:(Kwena are one of the main Sotho-Tswana clans, found in South Africa, Lesotho, and Botswana in all three Sotho-Tswana language groupings). Sechele was born in 1812. His father died when Sechele was 10, and two of his uncles divided the tribe, which forced Sechele to leave his home for nine years. When Sechele returned, he took over one of his uncle's tribes; at that point, he met Livingstone. Livingstone immediately became interested in Sechele, and especially his ability to read. Being a quick learner, Sechele learned the alphabet in two days and soon called English a second language. After teaching his wives the skill, he wrote the Bible in his native tongue. 1722: 2000: 357: 989:, which Livingstone had promoted. That mission eventually suffered deaths from malaria of a missionary, his wife, a second missionary's wife and three children. Livingstone had suffered over thirty attacks during his previous journey but had understated his suffering and overstated the quality of the land they would find, and the missionaries set out for the marshy region with wholly inadequate supplies of quinine. Biographer Tim Jeal considered this episode a major failing for Livingstone, and indicative of a pattern of putting his goals and career above the lives of those around him. 1488:. He had five wives, including MmaKgari (SeTswana for "mother of Kgari"), Mokgokong and Masebele When Livingstone told him to get rid of four of them, it shook the foundations of the Kwena tribe. After he finally divorced the women, Livingstone baptised them all and everything went well. However, one year later one of his ex-wives became pregnant and Sechele was the father. Sechele begged Livingstone not to give up on him because his faith was still strong, but Livingstone left the country and went north to continue his Christianizing attempts. 1881: 1223: 1505: 6411: 1769: 5734: 2298: 967: 56: 1391: 220: 978:

Missionary Society (LMS) on learning of his plans sent a letter which Livingstone received at Quelimane, congratulating him on his journey but said that the directors were "restricted in their power of aiding plans connected only remotely with the spread of the Gospel". This brusque rejection for new mission stations north of the Zambezi and his wider object of opening the interior for trade via the Zambezi, was not enough to make him resign from the LMS at once. When

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short, to many he embodied the "White Man's Burden" mentality. Nonetheless, at a time when countries are being renamed and statues are being toppled, Livingstone has not fallen. Despite modern Africans' animosity toward other Europeans, such as Cecil Rhodes, Livingstone endures as a heroic legend. Rhodesia has long since purged its name, but the cities of Livingstone (Zambia) and Livingstonia (Malawi) keep the explorer's appellation with pride.

778: 341: 2813:" mentions Livingstone "traveling up the Nile". Livingstone made 4 great journeys into Africa, three of them starting in Cape Town, South Africa and the last at Zanzibar. None of the routes traveled on the Nile which lay far to the north. He may have crossed sections of the headwaters of Nile on his final expedition but he would not have known so as these areas were not considered in the Nile watershed until much later. 1063: 754:. In June 1843, Edwards got LMS approval to set up a mission station with his wife at Mabotsa. Livingstone moved there by agreement, and joined them in the physical work of building facilities. He wrote to tell LMS secretary Arthur Tidman, saying he would be delighted to call Mabotsa "the centre of the sphere of my labours", but would try to hold himself "in readiness to go anywhere, provided it be forward". 6313: 563: 1481:

African tribe, did not like the way that Livingstone could not demand rain of his God like his rainmakers, who said that they could. After long hesitation from Livingstone, he baptised Sechele and had the church completely embrace him. Sechele was now a part of the church, but he continued to act according to his African culture, which went against Livingstone's teachings.

1367: 743:. The Moffats had not yet returned from Britain, and he immersed himself in Tswana life. From September to late December he trekked 750 miles (1,210 km) with the artisan missionary Roger Edwards, who had been at Kuruman since 1830 and had been told by Moffat to investigate potential for a new station. They visited and discussed the area called Mabotsa, Botswana, near 1736:

Christian Europeans who would live among the people to help them work out ways of living that did not involve slavery. Livingstone was part of an evangelical and nonconformist movement in Britain which during the 19th century helped change the national mindset from the notion of a divine right to rule 'lesser races', to more modernly ethical ideas in foreign policy.

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her, because she was unable to walk any longer. 27th June 1866 – To-day we came upon a man dead from starvation, as he was very thin. One of our men wandered and found many slaves with slave-sticks on, abandoned by their masters from want of food; they were too weak to be able to speak or say where they had come from; some were quite young.

1548:, as baobabs are found at lower altitudes and in more arid regions. That site, now known as the Livingstone Memorial, lists his date of death as 4 May, the date reported (and carved into the tree's trunk) by Chuma and Susi; but most sources consider 1 May—the date of Livingstone's final journal entry—as the correct one. 1559:, who continued his march and reached Ujiji in February 1874, where he found and sent to England Livingstone's papers. Seventy-nine followers completed the journey, the men were paid their due wages, and Livingstone's remains were returned by ship to Britain for burial. In London, his body lay in repose at No.1 328:. At the same time, his missionary travels, "disappearance", and eventual death in Africa‍—‌and subsequent glorification as a posthumous national hero in 1874‍—‌led to the founding of several major central African Christian missionary initiatives carried forward in the era of the European " 1743:

in Blantyre celebrates his life and is based in the house in which he was born, on the site of the mill in which he started his working life. His Christian faith is evident in his journal, in which one entry reads: "I place no value on anything I have or may possess, except in relation to the kingdom

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We passed a slave woman shot or stabbed through the body and lying on the path: a group of men stood about a hundred yards off on one side, and another of the women on the other side, looking on; they said an Arab who passed early that morning had done it in anger at losing the price he had given for

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both quote it without questioning its veracity. The words are famous because of their perceived humour, Livingstone being the only other white person for hundreds of miles, along with Stanley's clumsy attempt at appearing dignified in the bush of Africa by making a formal greeting one might expect to

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Livingstone's broken bone, even though inexpertly set by himself and Edwards, bonded strongly. He went for recuperation to Kuruman, where he was tended by Moffat's daughter Mary, and they became engaged. His arm healed, enabling him to shoot and lift heavy weights, though it remained a source of much

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immediately saw through Stanley's pretensions. As noted by his biographer Tim Jeal, Stanley struggled his whole life with a self-perceived weakness of being from a humble background, and manufactured events to make up for this supposed deficiency. Stanley's book suggests that this greeting was truly

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He brought the ships downriver in 1864 after the government ordered the recall of the expedition. The Zambezi Expedition was castigated as a failure in many newspapers of the time, and Livingstone experienced great difficulty in raising funds to further explore Africa. John Kirk, Charles Meller, and

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missionary. At Ongar, he and six other students had tuition in Greek, Latin, Hebrew and theology from the Reverend Richard Cecil, who in January 1839 assessed that, despite "heaviness of manner" and "rusticity", Livingstone had "sense and quiet vigour", good temper and substantial character "so I do

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The massacre horrified Livingstone, leaving him too shattered to continue his mission to find the source of the Nile. Following the end of the wet season, he travelled 240 miles (390 km) from Nyangwe back to Ujiji, an Arab settlement on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika – violently ill most

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Livingstone was obliged to leave his first mission at Mabotsa in Botswana in 1845 after irreconcilable differences emerged between him and his fellow missionary, Rogers Edwards, and because the Bakgatla were proving indifferent to the Gospel. He abandoned Chonuane, his next mission, in 1847 because

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often attacked herds of the Mabotsa villagers, on 16 February, Mebalwe and Livingstone joined them defending sheep. Livingstone got a clear shot at a large lion, but while he was re-loading it attacked, crushing his left arm, and forced him to the ground. His life was saved by Mebalwe diverting its

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in South Africa. Livingstone questioned him repeatedly about Africa, and as Moffat later recalled; "By and by he asked me whether I thought he would do for Africa. I said I believed he would, if he would not go to an old station, but would advance to unoccupied ground, specifying the vast plain to

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Livingstone was known through a large part of Africa for treating the natives with respect, and the tribes that he visited returned his respect with faith and loyalty. He could never permanently convert the tribesmen to Christianity, however. Among other reasons, Sechele, by then the leader of the

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on 10 November 1871, apparently greeting him with the now famous words "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" Livingstone responded, "Yes", and then, "I feel thankful that I am here to welcome you." These famous words may have been a fabrication, as Stanley later tore out the pages of this encounter in his

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The strangest disease I have seen in this country seems really to be broken-heartedness, and it attacks free men who have been captured and made slaves... Twenty one were unchained, as now safe; however all ran away at once; but eight with many others still in chains, died in three days after the

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on the Atlantic in May 1854 after profound difficulties and the near-death of Livingstone from fever. Livingstone realized the route would be too difficult for future traders, so he retraced the journey back to Linyanti. Then with 114 Kololo men, loaned by the same chief, he set off east down the

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teachings in the United States, Livingstone entirely accepted the proposition put by Charles Finney, Professor of Theology at Oberlin College, Ohio, that "the Holy Spirit is open to all who ask it". For Livingstone, this meant a release from the fear of eternal damnation. Livingstone's reading of

324:. "The Nile sources", he told a friend, "are valuable only as a means of opening my mouth with power among men. It is this power which I hope to remedy an immense evil." His subsequent exploration of the central African watershed was the culmination of the classic period of European geographical 1751:

During the anti-colonial 1960s, Livingstone was debunked: he made only one certified convert, who later backslid; he explored few areas not already traveled by others; he freed few slaves; he treated his colleagues horribly; he traveled with Arab slave traders; his family life was in shambles—in

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Livingstone was encouraged by the response in Britain to his discoveries and support for future expeditions. He proposed to do more exploration, primarily to find routes for commercial trade which he believed would displace slave trade routes, more so than for solely missionary work. The London

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call for missionaries to China, with the new concept that missionaries should be trained as medical doctors. His father was persuaded and, like many other students in Scotland, Livingstone was to support himself, with the agreement of the mill management, by working at his old job from Easter to

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Flight, starvation, and death ensue; and we must again record our conviction that the mortality after these slave wars, in addition to the losses on the journey to the Coast and during the middle passage, makes it certain that not more than one in five ever reach the "kind masters" in Cuba and

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Livingstone set out from the mouth of the Ruvuma river, but his assistants gradually began deserting him. The Comoros Islanders had returned to Zanzibar and (falsely) informed authorities that Livingstone had died. He reached Lake Malawi on 6 August, by which time most of his supplies had been

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Partly as a result, within 50 years of his death, colonial rule was established in Africa, and white settlement was encouraged to extend further into the interior. However, what Livingstone envisaged for "colonies" was not what we now know as colonial rule, but rather settlements of dedicated

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who handed out Christian tracts on his travels as a door-to-door tea salesman. He read books on theology, travel, and missionary enterprises extensively. This rubbed off on the young David, who became an avid reader, but he also loved scouring the countryside for animal, plant, and geological

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After Livingstone left the Kwena tribe, Sechele remained faithful to Christianity and led missionaries to surrounding tribes as well as converting nearly his entire Kwena people. In the estimation of Neil Parsons of the University of Botswana, Sechele "did more to propagate Christianity in

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By the late 1860s Livingstone's reputation in Europe had suffered owing to the failure of the missions he set up, and of the Zambezi Expedition; and his ideas about the source of the Nile were not supported. His expeditions were hardly models of order and organisation. His reputation was

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Livingstone's letters, books, and journals did stir up public support for the abolition of slavery; however, he became dependent for assistance on the very slave-traders whom he wished to put out of business. He was a poor leader of his peers, and he ended up on his last expedition as an

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where Buxton powerfully made the case that the African slave trade would be ended if chiefs, instead of having to sell slaves, could obtain desired European goods through "legitimate trade", its effect augmented by Christian missions preaching the gospel and introducing school education.

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Despite Stanley's urgings, Livingstone was determined not to leave Africa until his mission was complete. His illness made him confused and he had judgment difficulties at the end of his life. He explored the Lualaba and, failing to find connections to the Nile, returned to

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and was hailed as having "opened up" Africa, but there was already a long-established trans-regional network of trade routes. Portuguese traders had penetrated to the middle of the continent from both sides, in 1853–1854 two Arab traders crossed the continent from

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on his feet, so he was again forced to rely on slave traders to get him as far as Bambara—where he was caught by the wet season. With no supplies, Livingstone had to eat his meals in a roped-off enclosure for the entertainment of the locals in return for food.

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Livingstone made geographical discoveries for European knowledge. He inspired abolitionists of the slave trade, explorers, and missionaries. He opened up Central Africa to missionaries who initiated the education and healthcare for Africans, and trade by the

309:" inspirational story, scientific investigator and explorer, imperial reformer, anti-slavery crusader, and advocate of British commercial and colonial expansion. As a result, Livingstone became one of the most popular British heroes of the late 19th-century 856:

which he hoped would be a "key to the Interior". In 1852, after sending his family to Britain, Livingstone travelled north to the village of Linyanti on the Zambezi river, located roughly midway between the east and west coast of the continent, where

1339:, and the course of many rivers, especially the upper Zambezi, and his observations enabled large regions to be mapped which previously had been blank. Even so, the farthest north he reached was the north end of Lake Tanganyika – still south of the 1290:

The cause behind this attack is stated to be retaliation for actions of Manilla, the head slave who had sacked villages of Mohombo people at the instigation of the Wagenya chieftain Kimburu. The Arabs attacked the shoppers and Kimburu's people.

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Livingstone attended Blantyre village school, along with the few other mill children with the endurance to do so despite their 14-hour workday (6 am–8 pm). Having a family with a strong, continuing commitment to study reinforced his education.

963:, making it a bestselling travelogue. The book included his field science, and exceptionally sympathetic descriptions of African people. He proposed that missions and "legitimate commerce" by river into central Africa would end slave trading. 531:, and "worthy but remote from brilliant". In June 1839 the LMS directors accepted Livingstone, and agreed to his request to continue studying with Cecil at Ongar until the end of the year, then have LMS support for medical studies in London. 514:. He applied to the LMS in October 1837, and in January was sent questions which he answered. He got no reply until invited to two interviews in August 1838. He was then accepted as a probationary candidate, and given initial training at 1674:

to keep his retinue of porters in line and his supplies secure. For these reasons, he accepted help and hospitality from 1867 onwards from Mohamad Bogharib and Mohamad bin Saleh (also known as "Mpamari"), traders who kept and traded in

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specimens in local limestone quarries. Neil feared that science books were undermining Christianity and attempted to force his son to read nothing but theology, but David's deep interest in nature and science led him to investigate the

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rehabilitated by Stanley and his newspaper, and by the loyalty of Livingstone's servants whose long journey with his body inspired wonder. The publication of his last journal revealed stubborn determination in the face of suffering.

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in January 1844, Livingstone rode out to meet them there, then sat in the Moffats' ox-cart talking with Robert for hours during the seventeen or eighteen days it took to get home to Kuruman. For the first time, he met their daughter

462:. This monotonous work was necessary to support his impoverished family, but it taught him persistence, endurance, and a natural empathy with all who labour, as expressed by lines that he used to hum from the egalitarian 593:"in preference to South Africa". On 2 July 1839 he wrote to the LMS directors that the West Indies was by then well served by doctors, and he had always been attracted to other parts of the world rather than a settled 1262:

The year 1869 began with Livingstone finding himself extremely ill while in the jungle. He was saved by Arab traders who gave him medicines and carried him to an Arab outpost. In March 1869, Livingstone suffered from

931:", a combination that he hoped would form an alternative to the slave trade, and impart dignity to the Africans in the eyes of Europeans. He believed that the key to achieving these goals was the navigation of the 1744:

of Christ. If anything will advance the interests of the kingdom, it shall be given away or kept, only as by giving or keeping it I shall promote the glory of Him to whom I owe all my hopes in time and eternity."

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And if my disclosures regarding the terrible Ujijian slavery should lead to the suppression of the East Coast slave trade, I shall regard that as a greater matter by far than the discovery of all the Nile sources

996:. He gained public backing for his plans, and raised finances for his next expedition by public subscription, as well as £5,000 from the government to investigate the potential for British trade via the Zambezi. 1159:

Richard Thornton, scientists appointed to work under Livingstone, contributed large collections of botanical, ecological, geological, and ethnographic material to scientific Institutions in the United Kingdom.

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stolen, including all his medicines. Livingstone then travelled through swamps in the direction of Lake Tanganyika, with his health declining. He sent a message to Zanzibar requesting that supplies be sent to

487:, Glasgow, in 1836, studying medicine and chemistry, as well as attending theology lectures by the anti-slavery campaigner Richard Wardlaw at the Congregational Church College, where he may also have studied 1143:, and went up the Shire river past scenes of devastation as Mariano's Chikunda slave-hunts caused famine, and they frequently had to clear the paddle wheels of corpses left floating downstream. They reached 1864:

Papers relating to Livingstone's time as a London Missionary Society missionary (including hand-annotated maps of South East Africa) are held by the Archives of the School of Oriental and African Studies.

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The Last Journals of David Livingstone, in Central Africa, from 1865 to His Death: Continued by a Narrative of His Last Moments and Sufferings, Obtained from His Faithful Servants Chuma and Susi; in Two

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who scanned Livingstone's diary suggest that in putting his fragmentary notes about the massacre into the narrative of his journal, he left out his concerns about some of his followers, slaves owned by

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to man the river steamer, and reached the Zambezi on 14 May. The plan was for both ships to take them up the river to establish bases, but it turned out to be completely impassable to boats past the

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is a fictionalized account of how Livingstone's body, papers, and maps traveled 1,500 miles across the continent of Africa, so his remains could be returned to England and his work preserved there.

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Schumaker, Lynette Louise, "The lion in the path: Fieldwork and culture in the history of the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute, 1937-1964" (1994). Dissertations available from ProQuest. AAI9521118.

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19th-century southern Africa than virtually any single European missionary". Although Sechele was a self-proclaimed Christian, many European missionaries disagreed. The Kwena tribe leader kept

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Groop, Kim Stefan. "Exploring Africa in the Nordic Press: David Livingstone, Henry Stanley and the Popular Fascination with Exploration and Adventure in Africa in the Late 19th Century." in

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made the LMS directors cautious about sending recruits there. When he asked to extend his probationary training at Ongar, Cecil told him of their wish that he should be employed in the

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was made available to the public in 2010 by its owner Peter Beard. It reads: "I am terribly knocked up but this is for your own eye only... Doubtful if I live to see you again..."

1861:. On 11 November 2011, Livingstone's 1871 Field Diary, as well as other original works, was published online for the first time by the David Livingstone Spectral Imaging Project. 1402:

Livingstone completely lost contact with the outside world for six years and was ill for most of the last four years of his life. Only one of his 44 letter dispatches made it to

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The expedition led by Chuma and Susi then carried the rest of his remains, together with his last journal and belongings, on a journey that took 63 days to the coastal town of

1109:, specially designed to sail on Lake Nyasa. It was shipped out in sections, contrary to his request, with a mission party including Mary Livingstone, and arrived in 1862. The 5225: 2374: 539: 5077: 6556: 6181:

Mkenda, Festo. "A Protestant Verdict on the Jesuit Missionary Approach in Africa: David Livingstone and Memories of the Early Jesuit Presence in South Central Africa." in

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was delayed getting down to the coast to meet them, and there were further delays after it was found that the Bishop had died. Mary Livingstone died on 27 April 1862 from

6123: 6536: 6496: 1207:"), but there was still serious debate on the matter. Livingstone believed that the source was farther south and assembled a team to find it consisting of freed slaves, 6581: 6576: 5652: 5678: 1536:, his expedition arranged funeral ceremonies. They removed his heart and buried it under a tree near the spot where he died, which has been identified variously as a 491:. To enter medical school, he needed some knowledge of Latin, and was tutored by a local Roman Catholic man, Daniel Gallagher (later a priest, founder of St Simon's, 5477: 1670:

individualist explorer with servants and porters but no expert support around him. At the same time, he did not use the brutal methods of maverick explorers such as

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with the refrain "What did you find there? Did you stand awhile and stare? Did you meet anyone?", followed by a repeated chorus of "We're all looking for someone".

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includes an achievement called "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" The achievement requires playing as Belgium, moving H. M. Stanley within a space of Dr. Livingstone.

1579: 419:, and he found the rationale that he needed to reconcile faith and science and, apart from the Bible, this book was perhaps his greatest philosophical influence. 4585: 6601: 1641:

crossing. They described their only pain in the heart, and placed the hand correctly on the spot, though many think the organ stands high up in the breast-bone.

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Livingstone preaching the gospel to unconverted Africans. Like other missionaries of the era he had a low success rate and is credited with a single conversion.

769: 1933:) marks a spot that Livingstone and Stanley visited on their exploration of Lake Tanganyika, mistaken by some as the first meeting place of the two explorers. 1679:, as he recounts in his journals. They, in turn, benefited from Livingstone's influence with local people, which facilitated Mpamari's release from bondage to 905: 852:

for 'his journey to the great lake of Ngami'. He heard of a river which could potentially become a "Highway" to the coast, and in August 1851 they reached the

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On 15 July 1871, Livingstone recorded in his field diary his immediate impressions as he witnessed around 400 Africans being massacred by Arab slavers at the

6566: 6521: 6491: 2736:), who is mistaken for a famous African explorer and recruited to lead a treasure hunt. The character's name appears to be a play on Stanley and Livingstone. 2248:

A plaque was unveiled in November 2005 at Livingstone Island on the lip of Victoria Falls marking where Livingstone stood to get his first view of the falls.

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While he negotiated with the government for his new position as Consul, the LMS thought that he would return to Africa with their mission to the Kololo in

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to lead a joint investigation of trade routes to the coast, with 27 Kololo warriors acting as interpreters and guides. They reached the Portuguese city of

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returned to Shupanga in December 1862, they paid (in cloth) their "Mazaro men" who left and engaged replacements. On 10 January 1863 they set off, towing

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Only Agnes, William Oswell and Anna Mary married and had children. His one regret in later life was that he did not spend enough time with his children.

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had to make repeated slow journeys, getting hauled across shoals. The riverbanks were a war zone, with Portuguese soldiers and their slaves fighting the

301:, from the prominent 18th-century Moffat missionary family. Livingstone came to have a mythic status that operated on a number of interconnected levels: 1699: 1095: 5396: 519: 408: 1710:, would later work for this group. This group and the medical missionaries it sponsored came to have major, positive impact on the people of Africa. 4037: 1226:

This house in Mikindani in southern Tanzania was the starting point for Livingstone's last expedition. He stayed here from 24 March to 7 April 1866.

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How I Found Livingstone: Travels, Adventures and Discoveries in Central Africa: Including an Account of Four Months' Residence with Dr. Livingstone

3250: 6506: 6501: 5446: 2363: 2704:#2 featured an explorer named "Martin Livingstone" who discovered a new territory he dubbed "New America" and claimed it for the United States. 700:. As resident director of the LMS, Philip had continued their policy that all people were equal before God and in law, leading to disputes with 2828:

contains the lyrics "Dr. Livingstone where are you, when We need you the most" which is in reference to the famed doctor and his expedition to

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William Oswell (nicknamed Zouga because of the river along which he was born, in 1851; died in 1892 in Trinidad where he practiced medicine.)

535: 6450:"Victoria Falls: How Livingstone discovered the Falls". by J. Desmond Clark M.A. PH.D. F.S.A. Curator of the Rhodes-Livingstone Museum. 1955 1807: 527:

not like the thought of him being rejected." A month later, he still thought Livingstone "hardly ready" to go on to theological studies at

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for Livingstone's use, January to March 1866, to prepare his last expedition; the house was purchased by the Zanzibar government in 1947.

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Livingstone's experiences in H. Monteith's Blantyre cotton mill were also important from ages 10 to 26, first as a piecer and later as a

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Often cited is Livingstone's estimate of the number of slaves that made it to market versus those who died because of the slave trade:

5773: 3423: 1718:. He was held in some esteem by many African chiefs and local people and his name facilitated relations between them and the British. 1295: 629: 20: 5021: 2825: 2572:

on the back. A later issue showed Livingstone against a background graphic of a map of Livingstone's Zambezi expedition, showing the

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proposed a huge expedition. Livingstone had envisaged another solo journey with African helpers, in January 1858 he agreed to lead a

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The Personal Life of David Livingstone... Chiefly from His Unpublished Journals and Correspondence in the Possession of His Family

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This sentiment today would be expressed along the lines of: "all people, worldwide, are brothers and sisters, despite everything."

1999: 597:. With LMS agreement, he continued to get theological tuition from Cecil until the end of the year, then resumed medical studies. 6432: 3192: 2152: 874:

Zambezi. On this leg he became the first European to see the Mosi-oa-Tunya ("the smoke that thunders") waterfall, which he named

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attention by trying to shoot the lion. He too got bitten. A man who tried spearing it was attacked just before it dropped dead.

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the north, where I had sometimes seen, in the morning sun, the smoke of a thousand villages, where no missionary had ever been."

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Liebenberg, Elri. "‘I Will Open a Path into the Interior (of Africa), or Perish’: David Livingstone and the Mapping of Africa."

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Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi and Its Tributaries: And of the Discovery of the Lakes Shirwa and Nyassa. 1858–1864

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Gooding, Philip. "David Livingstone, UNESCO, and Nation-Building in 19th-21st-Century Scotland and East and Central Africa."

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Rotberg, Robert I. "His Brother’s Keeper: Charles Livingstone and the ‘Failure’ of David Livingstone's Zambezi Expedition."

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Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa: Including a Sketch of Sixteen Years' Residence in the Interior of Africa

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David Livingstone and the Myth of African Poverty and Disease: A Close Examination of his Writing on the Pre-colonial Era

1783:, he did so at a tremendous cost to his family. In his absences, his children grew up missing their father, and his wife 126: 6551: 6546: 6105:

MacKenzie, John M. "David Livingstone, the Scottish cultural and political revival and the end of empire in Africa." in

5333: 2700: 2679: 2214: 1819: 320:

was founded on the belief that if he could solve that age-old mystery, his fame would give him the influence to end the

1868:

Digital archives unifying these and other sources are made publicly available by the Livingstone Online project at the

1683:. Livingstone was furious to discover that some of the replacement porters sent at his request from Ujiji were slaves. 750:

In 1842 Livingstone went on two treks with African companions, the principals were mission members Paul and Mebalwe, a

6586: 6302:

Wisnicki, Adrian S. (2009). "Interstitial Cartographer: David Livingstone and the Invention of South Central Africa".

4593: 4266: 4241:"David Livingstone letter deciphered at last. Four-page missive composed at the lowest point in his professional life" 2589: 2417: 2314: 1815: 782: 388: 365: 345: 236: 79: 45: 6149: 1319:

Livingstone was wrong about the Nile, but he identified numerous geographical features for Western science, such as

6476: 5920: 5790: 5103: 2878: 2621: 2471: 2435: 2132: 1949: 1788: 1564: 1431:

diary. Even Livingstone's account of this encounter does not mention these words. However, the phrase appears in a

1355: 1099: 944: 845: 609: 6357: 1806:; He took the name Rupert Vincent and was the substitute for Horace Heath, and took his place in Company H of the 832:

skills and find locations to set up mission stations, Livingstone made journeys far to the north of Kolobeng with

608:, where he had stayed previously when in London. Others staying there were visited occasionally by the missionary 4163: 3073: 2606: 2509: 2327: 1465:

Livingstone is known as "Africa's greatest missionary," yet he is recorded as having converted only one African:

1358:

of London and was made a Fellow of the society, with which he had a strong association for the rest of his life.

1009: 952: 542:

on 16 November 1840 (in 1857 he was made an Honorary Fellow of the Faculty). On 20 November 1840 Livingstone was

507: 496: 484: 290: 107: 4189: 1132:

wrote "I can come to no other conclusion than that Dr Livingstone is out of his mind and a most unsafe leader".

913:

Livingstone advocated the establishment of trade and religious missions in central Africa, but abolition of the

6043: 4922: 2810: 2659: 2310: 2238: 1740: 1555:, a distance exceeding 1,000 miles (1,600 km). The caravan encountered the expedition of English explorer 1407: 697: 648: 625: 510:(LMS) was at the time the major organisation in the country for missionary work, and unlike others was open to 321: 6099: 3730: 3225: 1880: 495:). Livingstone worked hard, got a good grounding in science and medicine, and made lifelong friends including 2146:) on his final expedition on the wall of the house that has been built over the house he reputedly stayed in. 6281:

Stuart, John. "David Livingstone, British Protestant missions, memory and empire." in Dominik Geppert, ed.,

6112: 4896: 4534: 3631: 3182: 2862: 2670: 1811: 1545: 1222: 1067: 763: 547: 416: 298: 174: 5891: 5428: 5406: 3996: 1768: 1504: 1078:

The experts, stuck at Shupanga, could not make the intended progress, and there were disagreements. Artist

6186: 6146:

The Daring Heart of David Livingstone: Exile, African Slavery, and the Publicity Stunt that Saved Millions

6094:

Livingstone, Justin D. "Livingstone’s Life & Expeditions." in Adrian S. Wisnicki and Megan Ward, eds.

4850: 3138: 2577: 2523: 2359: 2342: 2043: 1195:

as the source (which was partially correct, as the Nile "bubbles from the ground high in the mountains of

1176: 875: 740: 724:

of the colony, while others like Moffatt wanted more focus on new areas. There were also tensions between

488: 4045: 2931: 2420:, for a short time in 1862. The house still stands and has a memorial plaque outside. He was awarded the 538:, with his courses covering medical practice, midwifery, and botany. He qualified as a Licentiate of the 5630: 5202: 4138: 3258: 3177: 2389: 1729: 1715: 1556: 1375: 966: 833: 644: 511: 500: 431: 282: 5454: 970:

Slave traders and their captives bound in chains and collared with 'taming sticks'. From Livingstone's

3648:

Certificate of Marriage for David Livingstone and Mary (Moffat) Livingstone, Attested by Robert Moffat

2297: 1659:

elsewhere, whom, according to slave-owners' interpretation of Scripture, Providence intended for them.

55: 6486: 6481: 6167: 5888:

Modernity, Frontiers and Revolutions: Proceedings of the 4th International Multidisciplinary Congress

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greets him with the famous, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" The story was at least partially drawn by

2227:

A new statue of David Livingstone was erected in November 2005 on the Zambian side of Victoria Falls.

2192: 2039: 2021: 1823: 1757: 1671: 1513: 1413: 1304: 1188: 1129: 681: 162: 101: 4828: 6443: 4215: 2740: 2528: 2421: 2203: 2174: 1615: 1493: 914: 340: 329: 3372: 2049:

The David Livingstone Clinic was founded by the University of Strathclyde's Millennium Project in

1390: 820: 797:

suffering for the rest of his life, and he was not able to lift the arm higher than his shoulder.

6199: 5747: 5608: 5274: 5175: 5128: 4877: 3701: 3497: 3012: 2649: 2588:; on the reverse, the African figures were replaced with an image of Livingstone's birthplace in 2207: 1803: 1611: 1180: 979: 685: 427: 3865: 3861: 889:

For this, Livingstone became famous as the first European to cross south-central Africa at that

804:

of drought and the proximity of the Boers and his desire "to move on to the regions beyond". At

219: 5078:"Scottish explorer David Livingstone's writings, drawings now available through online archive" 4385: 3592: 3564: 1829:

Agnes (born 1847 or 1857, died 1912; married A.L. Bruce, a wealthy Scottish brewery executive.)

380:. He was the second of seven children born to Neil Livingstone (1788–1856) and his wife Agnes ( 6421: 6383: 6293: 6229: 6207: 6153: 6134: 6075: 6017: 5979: 5956: 5946: 5924: 5901: 5863: 5842: 5836: 5769: 5728: 5600: 5512: 5313: 5167: 5001: 4787: 4760: 4733: 4703: 4697: 4676: 4653: 4542: 4502: 4405: 4321: 3838: 3806: 3148: 3089: 3053: 3000: 2990: 2817: 2367: 1942: 1568: 1287:, while he was watching next to the leading Arab trader Dugumbe who had given him assistance. 948: 849: 665: 443: 349: 294: 120: 5763: 4670: 3528: 3398: 3333: 992:

Livingstone was now a celebrity, in great demand as a public speaker, and was elected to the

600:

On beginning his clinical training in January 1840, he returned to Mrs. Sewell's missionary

6415: 6261: 5592: 5559: 5266: 5159: 3493: 2665: 2614: 2585: 2551:

The Livingstone Healthservice in Jardín América, Misiones, Argentina is named in his honour.

2349: 2028: 1906: 1791:), whom he married in 1845, endured very poor health, and died of malaria on 27 April 1862. 1773: 1707: 1300: 1087: 918: 805: 582: 550:

of the church, as was another missionary to South Africa, William Ross, in a service at the

528: 479: 448: 243: 2438:

on Kensington Gore, London, looking out across Kensington Gardens. It was unveiled in 1953.

1155:

and building a road to take its sections past the cataracts, while explorations continued.

6461: 6361: 5733: 5029: 4723: 4270: 3903: 3606: 2685: 2565: 2496: 2178: 2156: 2057: 1926: 1833: 1703: 1537: 1427: 1418: 1332: 1239:

on 8 November 1867 and continued on, travelling south to become the first European to see

1235:

and he then headed west, forced by ill health to travel with slave traders. He arrived at

1200: 1148: 1020: 837: 829: 777: 720:. Missionary factions disagreed over this, and over his emphasis on missionary work among 673: 586: 478:

At the age of 21, he was excited by a pamphlet his father got from the church setting out

4450: 3366: 2986:

David Livingstone, Africa's greatest explorer : the man, the missionary and the myth

2568:. He was originally shown surrounded by palm tree leaves with an illustration of African 1059:

slave-hunters of Matakenya (Mariano), but both sides accepted the expedition as friends.

689: 672:

at the same service as him, and Ross's wife. During the long voyage he studied Dutch and

6275: 6047: 6032: 5859:

The Explorers: A Story of Fearless Outcasts, Blundering Geniuses, and Impossible Success

5588: 5245: 5155: 4290: 3181: 1051:

offloaded their supplies on an island about 40 miles (64 km) upstream. From there,

925:, became his primary goal. His motto—now inscribed on his statue at Victoria Falls—was " 5339: 4992:

Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power

4985: 3889:

Livingstone to Lord Clarendon 19 March 1857 Clarendon Papers Bodleian Library Dep. c 80

2776: 2728: 2645: 2442: 2218: 2093: 2007: 1953: 1780: 1533: 1517: 1454: 1328: 1272: 1240: 1216: 922: 812:

in 1849 after two years of patient persuasion. Only a few months later Sechele lapsed.

677: 601: 439: 387:

David was employed at the age of ten in the cotton mill of Henry Monteith & Co. in

306: 6023: 2409:

A memorial plaque commemorating the centenary of Livingstone's birth was dedicated in

2149: 1082:

was dismissed from the expedition. Others on the expedition became the first to reach

612:, who was then in England with his family to publicise the work of his LMS mission at 6470: 6426:

Eminent Persons: Biographies Reprinted from The Times. Vol. 1–6. D. Vol. I, 1870–1875

6324: 6319: 6175: 5278: 2868: 2836: 2799: 2780: 2756: 2695: 2655: 2632: 2535: 2160: 1284: 1244: 1204: 1192: 1079: 1032: 993: 932: 862: 721: 705: 632: 551: 459: 435: 399: 392: 316:

Livingstone's fame as an explorer and his obsession with learning the sources of the

310: 4997: 3484:

Thema, B.C. (1968). "The Church and Education in Botswana During the 19th Century".

1686:

Livingstone's figures on slaves have however been criticised as highly exaggerated.

1062: 684:

and scenery, but not by drunkenness of British and American sailors so he gave them

455:

enabled him to persuade his father that medical study could advance religious ends.

6454: 6397:

A Popular Account of Dr Livingstone's Expedition to the Zambesi and Its Tributaries

6001:

Empire of sentiment: the death of Livingstone and the myth of Victorian imperialism

5401: 3976:

A Popular Account of Dr Livingstone's Expedition to the Zambesi and its Tributaries

2958: 2841: 2787:

erroneously presumes Porky Pig to be Livingstone in the heart of "Darkest Africa".

2772: 2769: 2733: 2705: 2675: 2378: 1184: 1125: 1036: 709: 621: 515: 32: 624:, and by the hotly debated topic of Christianity and commerce. The LMS missionary 5973: 5857: 5307: 4781: 4754: 4727: 4496: 4399: 4315: 3830: 3800: 3673: 3045: 639:

in 1828, proposing that Christianity would always bring "civilisation" including

6389: 5940: 5536: 5055: 4855:

Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862

4095: 3280: 2791: 2743:, whose name invokes both Stanley and David Livingtone, was the zoo director on 2724: 2713: 2061: 1470: 1344: 1324: 1256: 1252: 1083: 986: 773:

Deacon Mebalwe shooting, distracting the lion which had overpowered Livingstone.

717: 590: 566: 562: 403: 381: 373: 2366:), commemorates him in the David Livingstone Centre for Sustainability and the 1912:

Livingstone Kolobeng College, a private secondary school in Gaborone, Botswana.

1512:

Livingstone died on 1 May 1873 at the age of 60 in Chief Chitambo's village at

620:

He was excited by Moffat's vision of expanding missionary work to the north of

6379: 6370:

Images of original documents alongside transcribed, critically edited versions

5992:

Kilbride, Daniel. "The Old South Confronts the Dilemma of David Livingstone."

5881: 5373: 5270: 5229: 3979: 3187: 2709: 2581: 2124: 2082:. Livingstone stayed at Sangwali in the 1850s before travelling further north. 1799: 1560: 1336: 1320: 1248: 1236: 841: 758: 713: 669: 640: 605: 543: 423: 302: 286: 6376:. Archive film from the National Library of Scotland: Scottish Screen Archive 5604: 5343: 5292: 5171: 5142:

Grant, C. H. B. (April 1932). "The Livingstone-Stanley Memorials in Africa".

4345: 3004: 2031:

is named after Livingstone's birthplace in Scotland, and includes a memorial.

554:, Finsbury. The ordination service was conducted by Cecil and J. J. Freeman. 422:

Other significant influences in his early life were Thomas Burke, a Blantyre

141: 128: 4546: 2821: 2569: 2482: 2403: 2139: 1541: 1529: 1466: 1449:

motivated by embarrassment, because he did not dare to embrace Livingstone.

1444:

hear in the confines of an upper-class London club. However, readers of the

1366: 1264: 1040: 886:

on the Indian Ocean, having mapped most of the course of the Zambezi river.

883: 809: 732: 693: 534:

To gain necessary clinical training he continued his medical studies at the

426:, and David Hogg, his Sunday school teacher. At age fifteen, David left the 6256:

Shepperson, George. "David Livingstone 1813–1873: a centenary assessment."

4990: 4190:"David Livingstone - Zambezi Expedition, Missionary, Explorer | Britannica" 4261: 2984: 1267:

and arrived in Ujiji to find his supplies stolen. He was coming down with

1090:. In 1861 the Colonial Office provided a new wooden paddle survey vessel, 6071: 5969: 5912: 4311: 3368:

Memorials of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, 1599–1850

2717: 2489: 2434:

A statue of David Livingstone stands in a niche on the outer wall of the

2396: 2353: 2259: 2258:

David Livingstone Secondary School in Ntabazinduna about 40 km from

2143: 2128: 2117: 2075: 2050: 1957: 1900: 1552: 1485: 1484:

Sechele was no different from any other man of his tribe in believing in

1474: 1403: 1331:, in addition to Victoria Falls mentioned above. He filled in details of 1168: 1144: 1071: 1056: 1028: 899: 895: 890: 858: 736: 570: 377: 369: 83: 5722: 4451:"Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa by David Livingstone" 3501: 3142: 2835:

Stanley's search for and discovery of Livingstone is the subject of the

2323:

David Livingstone Memorial Church of the Church of Scotland in Blantyre.

6353: 6337:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 109. 5612: 5231:

The Fractured Community: Landscapes of Power and Gender in Rural Zambia

5179: 4756:

The Audit of War: The Illusion and Reality of Britain as a Great Nation

3907: 3705: 3224:

Lawrence, Christopher (2015). Wisnicki, Adrian S.; Ward, Megan (eds.).

3050:

Sermons and battle hymns: Protestant popular culture in modern Scotland

2573: 2475: 2331: 2302: 2079: 1981: 1930: 1680: 1676: 1525: 1340: 1280: 1268: 1208: 1196: 1114: 853: 744: 725: 613: 574: 523: 492: 6373: 5257:

Heron, Alastair (March 1964). "Rhodes-Livingstone Institute, Lusaka".

4881: 2600:

The following species have been named in honour of David Livingstone:

2221:, 1937 to 1964, was a pioneering research institution in anthropology. 1027:, which took them out on its way to Ceylon. They left on 10 March, at 5447:"David Livingstone Meeting & Function Room | Fifteen Ninety Nine" 4240: 2829: 2732:

is the story of a dimwitted clerk named Stanley Livington (played by

2317:, is a museum in his honour, operated by the David Livingstone Trust. 2252: 2196: 1992: 1521: 1348: 1247:, Livingstone theorised that it could have been the high part of the 1044: 870: 866: 757:

The Moffats, accompanied by two new missionary families, reached the

751: 660:

Livingstone left London on 17 November 1840, passenger on a sailing

594: 161:

Proselytizing Christianity, exploration of Africa, and meeting with

6403: 6265: 5596: 5163: 4426:"Sechele and the Record of Intercultural Encounter | One More Voice" 2265:

Livingstone House in Harare, Zimbabwe, designed by Leonora Granger.

2245:

quoted 1954 which is wrong. The statue was unveiled on 5 August 1934

1602:

While talking about the slave trade in East Africa in his journals:

902:, around 1800 two native traders crossed from Angola to Mozambique. 692:, and for a month while it unloaded and loaded, the three stayed at 647:. This argument was reinforced for Livingstone when he attended the 6396: 728:

missionaries engaged for lay expertise, and ordained missionaries.

466:: "When man to man, the world o'er/Shall brothers be for a' that". 6318:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

2296: 2224:

David Livingstone Teachers' Training College, Livingstone, Zambia.

2110: 1998: 1985: 1879: 1767: 1720: 1578: 1503: 1457:

and its swamps to explore possible rivers flowing out northwards.

1423: 1395: 1389: 1381: 1371: 1365: 1232: 1221: 1212: 1061: 965: 904: 819: 776: 768: 701: 561: 355: 339: 6368:

Livingstone Online – Explore the manuscripts of David Livingstone

6348: 3898:

C. A. Baker, "The Development of the Administration to 1897", in

2448:

David Livingstone Primary School in Thornton Heath, South London.

2386:

David Livingstone (Anderson College) Memorial Prize in Physiology

1970:

Livingstone House, Achimota School, Ghana (boys' boarding house).

1702:

was founded at his request. Many important missionaries, such as

540:

Faculty (now Royal College) of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow

518:, as the introduction to studies to become a minister within the 372:

building for the workers of a cotton factory on the banks of the

5960: 4091:

Livingstone's 1871 Field Diary: A Multispectral Critical Edition

1172: 789: 680:, unlike the other two, he ventured ashore and was impressed by 661: 522:

serving under the LMS, rather than the more basic course for an

453:

Appeal to the Churches of Britain and America on behalf of China

317: 6178:(Oxford and London: Henry Frowde Oxford University Press, 1913) 5432: 4346:"The African chief converted to Christianity by Dr Livingstone" 2362:, Glasgow (which evolved from Anderson's University, later the 2348:

A bust of Livingstone is among those of famous Scotsmen in the

2116:

The church tower of the Holy Ghost Mission (Roman Catholic) in

1899:

Scottish Livingstone Hospital in Molepolole 50 km west of

1047:

that Livingstone had failed to explore on his earlier travels.

676:, and the captain gave him extensive tuition in navigation. At 6438: 5829:

Zambesi: David Livingstone and expeditionary science in Africa

5054:. SOAS, University of London. 15 December 2008. Archived from 2635:

is named in his honor. It was described in 1874 from Mexico.

1167:

In January 1866, Livingstone returned to Africa, this time to

4655:

Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi and Its Tributaries

3753: 3751: 1779:

While Livingstone had a great impact on the expansion of the

1610:

Livingstone wrote about a group of slaves forced to march by

1012:

with six specialist officers, hurriedly recruited in the UK.

281:; 19 March 1813 – 1 May 1873) was a Scottish physician, 6107:

Scotland, empire and decolonisation in the twentieth century

5996:(2016) 82#4 p789-822; how he was seen in the American South. 5724:

Forbidden Territory: Stanley's Search for Livingstone (1997)

4927:

North Carolina Civil War & Reconstruction History Center

2092:

David Livingstone Senior Secondary School in Schauderville,

1019:

was quickly built in portable sections, and loaded onto the

668:, along with two other LMS missionaries: Ross, who had been 6364:). Many of Livingstone's original papers spectrally imaged. 5838:

Into Africa: The Epic Adventures Of Stanley And Livingstone

4868:

Chirgwin, A. M. (1934). "New Light on Robert Livingstone".

4498:

The Baobabs: Pachycauls of Africa, Madagascar and Australia

3196:. Vol. 33. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 385. 2381:(a photograph painted over in oils) hangs outside the room. 824:

The journeys of Livingstone in Africa between 1851 and 1873

270: 261: 5104:"Livingstone Online: An Introduction | Livingstone Online" 4652:

Livingstone, Charles; Livingstone, David (24 April 1865).

4317:

Stanley: The Impossible Life of Africa's Greatest Explorer

4115: 4113: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4063: 3251:"The University of Glasgow Story : David Livingstone" 1105:

Livingstone raised funds for a replacement river steamer,

951:

in 1855 for his explorations in Africa. Encouraged by the

364:

Livingstone was born on 19 March 1813 in the mill town of

4857:. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1863. p. 687. 258: 252: 6131:

Livingstone's River: A History of the Zambezi Expedition

4019: 4017: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3342: 1857:

The archives of David Livingstone are maintained by the

955:, he wrote up his journal, but unconventionally had his 688:

in a dockside bar. On 15 March 1841 the ship arrived at

395:, tying broken cotton threads on the spinning machines. 16:

British colonialist and missionary to Africa (1813–1873)

6196:. Mountain View: Pacific Press Publication Association. 5898:

Journey to Livingstone: Exploration of an Imperial Myth

5509:

The Place Names of Edinburgh: Their Origins and History

5234:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 2959:"Why don't many British tourists visit Victoria Falls?" 2370:

where there is a statue of him in the building's foyer.

1905:

There is a memorial to Livingstone at the ruins of the

1422:

newspaper in 1869. He found Livingstone in the town of

735:, from 19 May to 31 July they were on the long trek by 360:

David Livingstone's birthplace, with period furnishings

6220:(Sept 1973), Vol. 23 Issue 9, pp. 633–639 online. 6057:

Livingstone, David and James I. Macnair (eds) (1954).

5768:(40th Anniversary ed.). Titan Books. p. 69. 5704:

Barcena, M (1874). "On livingstonite, a new mineral".

5535:. Hamilton.urc.org.uk. 13 January 2012. Archived from 5129:"David Livingstone Clinic – University of Strathclyde" 4216:"Map showing Dr David Livingstone's travels in Africa" 4088:

Livingstone, David (2011). Wisnicki, Adrian S. (ed.).

3992: 2320:

David Livingstone Memorial Primary School in Blantyre.

1836:, a disease he contracted as a child living in Africa. 1171:, and from there he set out to seek the source of the 6109:(Manchester University Press, 2017) pp. 180–199. 5429:"David Livingstone Centre for Sustainability webpage" 5246:

https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI9521118

4945: 4943: 3074:"David Livingstone Centre: Birthplace Of Famous Scot" 2241:, erected in 1934 on the western bank of the falls. 935:

as a Christian commercial highway into the interior.

800:

Livingstone and Mary were married on 9 January 1845.

391:. He and his brother John worked twelve-hour days as 273: 264: 6183:

Encounters between Jesuits and Protestants in Africa

6091:. London: Chatto & Windus (1959) in two volumes. 4669:

Teelock, Vijayalakshmi; Peerthum, Satyendra (2017).

2839:

song "Witch Doctor" that appears on his 1976 album,

1832:

Thomas, died in Egypt in 1876 at the age of 27 from

267: 255: 249: 6455:

Interactive map of Livingstone's Zambezi expedition

5309:

Victoria Falls & Surrounds: The Insider's Guide

5226:"Max Gluckman and the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute" 5052:"Images of Livingstone letter now available online" 3694:

Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London

3565:"The Personal Life of David Livingstone/CHAPTER IV" 2375:

Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow

2099:

Livingstone Hospital, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.

2060:in south-west Tanzania at the north-eastern end of 246: 212: 204: 168: 157: 116: 90: 65: 30: 4989: 4923:"Salisbury Prison: North Carolina's Andersonville" 4164:"Researchers now presume that Dr Livingstone lied" 3530:Livingstone's Missionary Correspondence, 1841-1856 2560:In 1971–1998 Livingstone's image was portrayed on 2253:Salisbury, Rhodesia (present-day Harare, Zimbabwe) 6390:Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa 4672:Transition from Slavery in Zanzibar and Mauritius 3672:Livingstone, David (1960). Isaac Schapera (ed.). 3400:The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle 3046:"David Livingstone: The Construction of the Myth" 1822:, which has since been termed, "North Carolina's 1370:Livingstone's meeting with Stanley took place at 1343:– and he did not penetrate the rainforest of the 1215:, and two servants from his previous expedition, 4339: 4337: 4132: 4130: 4128: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3094:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3076:. Archived from the original on 12 February 2007 1606:To overdraw its evil is a simple impossibility. 1378:, marked in pink at the bottom left of this map. 6422:"Dr. Livingston (obituary, Wed., 28 Jan. 1874)" 5193: 5191: 5189: 1756:In 2002, David Livingstone was named among the 1656: 1638: 1620: 1604: 1586: 1251:; but realised that it in fact flowed into the 731:The ship took Livingstone and the Rosses on to 6204:Looking for Livingstone: An Odyssey of Silence 3678:. University of California Press. p. 304. 1354:Livingstone was awarded the gold medal of the 766:, who had been born and brought up in Africa. 19:For other people named David Livingstone, see 6216:Rea, W. F. "Livingstone's Rhodesian Legacy." 5478:"Thomas Annan and the Documentary Photograph" 4732:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. 2411:St. James's Congregational Church in Hamilton 2173:Livingstone Hall, Men's Hall of residence at 1618:region when he was travelling there in 1866: 1594:Livingstone in a letter to the editor of the 943:He returned to Britain in December 1856. The 577:to collect tribute from Portuguese merchants. 8: 6244:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 3533:. University of California Press. p. 48 3048:. In Walker, Graham; Gallagher, Tom (eds.). 2206:, which includes a memorial in front of the 1859:Archives of the University of Glasgow (GUAS) 1772:Posthumous portrait of David Livingstone by 1386:Henry Morton Stanley meets David Livingstone 585:call for missionaries to China, the looming 326:discovery and colonial penetration of Africa 6226:David Livingstone : Mission and Empire 6089:David Livingstone: Family Letters 1841-1856 4966:. Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com 4639: 4559: 4482:Chronicles of the London Missionary Society 4401:David Livingstone: Man of Prayer and Action 4381: 4075: 4038:"Personal Letter to J. Kirk or R. Playfair" 3857: 3588: 3219: 3217: 3215: 2451:There is a room named after Livingstone in 1646: 1628: 1311:of the way – arriving on 23 October 1871. 1102:up the Shire river to found a new mission. 6192:Morrill, Leslie, and Madge Haines (1959). 6133:, 1858–1864. London: Chatto & Windus. 5732: 5681:. Ron Wise's Banknoteworld. Archived from 5655:. Ron Wise's Banknoteworld. Archived from 5026:David Livingstone Spectral Imaging Project 4541:. London: Allen & Unwin. p. 242. 4281: 4279: 3017:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2926: 2924: 2541:Livingston Falls, Busch Gardens, Tampa Bay 1991:Livingstone house, Alliance Highschool in 1958:Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo 816:Exploration of southern and central Africa 54: 27: 6557:Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society 6031:Livingstone, D.; Livingstone, C. (1866). 5975:Livingstone: Revised and Expanded Edition 5820:Austin, Alvyn. "Discovering Livingstone" 5366:"Dr Livingstone Primary School – Nairobi" 4806:Alvyn Austin, "Discovering Livingstone" 3824: 3822: 3729:Wisnicki, Adrian S.; Ward, Megan (2015). 3675:Livingstone's private journals, 1851–1853 3611:Dictionary of African Christian Biography 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 2502:Gold bust in the city of Borden, Ontario. 2441:Livingstone is one of the four houses at 2416:Livingstone lived at 17 Burnbank Road in 2237:The David Livingstone Memorial statue at 2064:is also called the Livingstone Mountains. 2010:, the first statue on the Zimbabwean side 1347:any farther downstream than Ntangwe near 409:relationship between religion and science 6537:Congregationalist missionaries in Africa 6497:19th-century Congregationalist ministers 5511:. Steve Savage Publishers. p. 371. 5022:"Livingstone's 1871 Field Diary – Index" 4571: 3172: 3170: 2280:Livingstone Street in Westmere, Auckland 2138:Plaque commemorating his departure from 1909:, 40 km west of Gaborone, Botswana. 1810:. Robert ended up being captured by the 1496:a part of his life as well as polygamy. 1435:editorial dated 10 August 1872, and the 442:limitations on salvation. Influenced by 6582:Scottish Congregationalist missionaries 6577:People from Blantyre, South Lanarkshire 5575:"Unveiling of the Livingstone Statue". 5395:Lottering, Francois (28 October 2016). 4780:Neill, Stephen; Chadwick, Owen (1990). 4306: 4304: 4302: 4273:, emelibrary.org; accessed 4 July 2010. 3802:David Livingstone: The Unexplored Story 2920: 2900: 2364:Royal College of Science and Technology 2242: 1884:Photograph of Livingstone in later life 1700:Universities' Mission to Central Africa 1441:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1096:Universities' Mission to Central Africa 928:Christianity, Commerce and Civilization 6517:Alumni of Charing Cross Medical School 6404:The Personal Life of David Livingstone 6251:David Livingston: His Life and Letters 6087:Livingstone, David; I. Schapera (ed.) 5561:The Personal Life of David Livingstone 4949: 4521: 4023: 3731:"Livingstone's Life & Expeditions" 3687: 3685: 3632:"Digital Catalogue Record; liv_002823" 3527:Livingstone, D.; Schapera, I. (1961). 3087: 3010: 2865:— pioneer missionary in central Africa 2798:paints the adventures of Livingstone, 2505:Livingstone Avenue in Barrie, Ontario. 2283:Livingstone Road in Flaxmere, Hastings 2113:commemorates his meeting with Stanley. 917:, as carried out by the Portuguese of 483:October, outwith term time. He joined 297:in Africa. Livingstone was married to 6512:19th-century Scottish medical doctors 5878:Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies 5752:. New York: Marvel Publishing, 2009. 5533:"David Livingstone – a brief history" 5259:The Journal of Modern African Studies 4921:Joel R. Stegall (13 September 2018). 3781: 3769: 3424:"Letter to John Arundel, 2 July 1839" 2481:David Livingstone Elementary School, 1945:on the River Congo, named by Stanley. 1583:Arab slave traders and their captives 1086:and they explored it in a four-oared 1015:The prefabricated iron river steamer 882:. Eventually he successfully reached 865:, granted Livingstone authority as a 747:, North West Province, South Africa. 536:Charing Cross Hospital Medical School 322:East African Arab–Swahili slave trade 194: 7: 6602:Scottish Congregationalist ministers 6428:. Macmillan & Co.: 225–236 1892. 6354:Livingstone Spectral Imaging Project 6285:(Manchester University Press, 2016). 6003:(Cambridge University Press, 2018) . 5397:"Museum to honour David Livingstone" 4870:Journal of the Royal African Society 4501:. Springer Netherlands. p. 33. 4369: 4295:. Scribner, Armstrong & Company. 4119: 4008: 3955: 3943: 3931: 3919: 3877: 3757: 3700:, london: John Murray: lxxxi, 1866, 3659: 3551: 3514: 3471: 3459: 3447: 3385: 3352: 3329: 3317: 3305: 3206: 3161: 3108: 3031: 2716:had written the preceding issue and 2488:David Livingstone Community School, 2251:David Livingstone Primary School in 844:. In 1850, he was recognised by the 581:Though Livingstone had responded to 190: 6567:Infectious disease deaths in Zambia 6522:Alumni of the University of Glasgow 6492:19th-century British letter writers 6412:Works by or about David Livingstone 5370:dr.livingstone.primary.school.co.ke 3605:Volz, Stephen (21 September 2021). 3569:Wikisource, the free online library 3281:"David Livingstone a brief history" 2395:Livingstone Place, a street in the 2311:David Livingstone Birthplace Museum 1747:According to Alvyn Austin in 1997: 5789:Claiborne, Samuel (10 July 2013). 4344:Tomkins, Stephen (19 March 2013). 4263:Livingstone's Letter from Bambarre 3993:Livingstone & Livingstone 1866 3147:. London: John Murray – via 2644:Livingstone has been portrayed by 2413:, the church he attended as a boy. 2373:The David Livingstone Room in the 2199:marks where David Livingstone died 1956:1877–1884, located in present-day 1839:Elizabeth (who died at two months) 1296:Indiana University of Pennsylvania 1124:up the coast and investigated the 781:Livingstone Memorial Sculpture in 649:Exeter Hall meeting of 1 June 1840 305:missionary martyr, working-class " 21:David Livingstone (disambiguation) 14: 6434:The Lost Diary of Dr. Livingstone 6194:Livingstone, Trail Blazer for God 5945:. New York: G. P. Putnum's Sons. 5558:Blaikie, William Garden (2004) . 5476:Andrew McAinsh (5 January 2016). 4495:Wickens, G. E.; Lowe, P. (2008). 3226:"Livingstone's Medical Education" 2957:Easton, Mark (3 September 2017). 2884:History of Christianity in Zambia 2210:and a new statue erected in 2005. 1980:Dr Livingstone Primary School in 1798:Robert died while serving in the 1416:had been sent to find him by the 1374:, an Arab trading post under the 1151:in April, then began dismantling 1066:The grave of Livingstone’s wife, 6311: 6304:Victorian Literature and Culture 6206:. Stratford: The Mercury Press; 3193:Dictionary of National Biography 2936:BBC – History – Historic Figures 2508:Livingstone Street, St. John's, 1845:Anna Mary (born 1858, died 1939) 242: 218: 6290:David Livingstone: Trail Blazer 6228:. London: Hambledon Continuum. 4783:A History of Christian Missions 4243:. Associated Press. 2 July 2010 3371:. Glasgow: MacLehose. pp. 2932:"David Livingstone (1813–1873)" 2850:Civilization V: Brave New World 2534:Livingstone Adventist Academy, 2377:. A portrait of Livingstone by 1876:Place names and other memorials 1563:, then the headquarters of the 1074:, Mozambique. She died in 1862. 434:, influenced by preachers like 376:under the bridge crossing into 186: 6507:19th-century Scottish diarists 6502:19th-century British explorers 6120:Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier 5900:. Edinburgh: Canongate Press. 5831:(Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020). 5745:Stan Lee, Otto Binder, et al. 5199:"David Livingstone Remembered" 4786:. Penguin Books. p. 315. 4584:G. Bruce Boyer (Summer 1996). 4094:. UCLA Library. Archived from 3692:"Royal Geographical Society", 3052:. Edinburgh University Press. 2824:called Jet to Jet from 1983's 2753:Out of Darkness, Shining Light 2746:Tennessee Tuxedo and His Tales 2739:Stanley Livingston, played by 2453:Corpus Christi College, Oxford 2217:, located a few miles outside 2036:David Livingstone Scholarships 1870:University of Nebraska-Lincoln 1532:. Led by his loyal attendants 1: 6437:—Documentary produced by the 4476:Wyon, Allen (February 1890). 2712:, but the writer is unknown-- 1528:and internal bleeding due to 6562:Fellows of the Royal Society 6532:Burials at Westminster Abbey 6292:. Leicester: Inter-Varsity; 6253:(1957), a standard biography 6064:Livingstone, David (1999) . 5679:"Clydesdale 10 Pounds, 1990" 5653:"Clydesdale 10 Pounds, 1982" 4897:"Rupert Vincent, I Presume?" 4895:Murray, John (August 2011). 4658:. Murray, 1865. p. 593. 4398:Horne, C. Silvester (1999). 4137:Wisnicki, Adrian S. (2011). 3462:, pp. 25, 33–36, 37–40. 2826:No Parole from Rock 'n' Roll 2796:"Dr. Livingstone, I Presume" 2749:, a 1963-66 animated series. 2531:, Salisbury, North Carolina. 2215:Rhodes-Livingstone Institute 2074:David Livingstone Museum in 1923:Livingstone–Stanley Monument 1820:Rowan County, North Carolina 1808:3rd New Hampshire Volunteers 628:, after discussion with the 413:Philosophy of a Future State 344:Livingstone's birthplace in 6374:David Livingstone (c. 1956) 6172:Livingstone, the Pathfinder 6042:Livingstone, David (1874). 6016:Livingstone, David (1857). 5994:Journal of Southern History 5824:(1997) 16#4 pp. 10–19. 5814:Sources and further reading 5706:American Journal of Science 5627:"Livingstone Healthservice" 5405:. p. 7. Archived from 4821:"The Top 100 Great Britons" 4404:. Christian Liberty Press. 3968:Livingstone, David (1894). 3900:The Early History of Malawi 3044:Mackenzie, John M. (1990). 2639:Portrayal in film and books 2418:Hamilton, South Lanarkshire 2399:neighbourhood of Edinburgh. 2326:A statue of Livingstone in 2315:Blantyre, South Lanarkshire 1952:, a Baptist mission to the 1544:but is more likely to be a 1469:, who was the chief of the 1283:market on the banks of the 836:. In 1849 they crossed the 346:Blantyre, South Lanarkshire 80:Blantyre, South Lanarkshire 6618: 6380:Works by David Livingstone 6022:. London: Murray. p. 5335:David Livingstone's statue 4753:Barnett, Correlli (1986). 4675:. CODESRIA. pp. 47–. 3978:. John Murray – via 3486:Botswana Notes and Records 3365:Duncan, Alexander (1896). 3183:"Livingstone, David" 2879:Livingstone Inland Mission 2436:Royal Geographical Society 1950:Livingstone Inland Mission 1760:following a UK-wide vote. 1565:Royal Geographical Society 1406:. One surviving letter to 1356:Royal Geographical Society 945:Royal Geographical Society 846:Royal Geographical Society 712:were not to blame for the 637:Researches in South Africa 18: 6129:Martelli, George (1970). 5978:. Yale University Press. 5271:10.1017/S0022278X00003724 5108:www.livingstoneonline.org 4964:"Livingstone Descendants" 4320:. Yale University Press. 3799:Tomkins, Stephen (2013). 2607:Nimbochromis livingstonii 2510:Newfoundland and Labrador 2474:of mountains in southern 1010:second Zambezi expedition 953:London Missionary Society 508:London Missionary Society 291:London Missionary Society 217: 108:Northern Province, Zambia 53: 6283:Sites of imperial memory 6037:. Harper & Brothers. 5965:, first American edition 5896:Holmes, Timothy (1993). 5762:Sheridan, Simon (2012). 5577:The Geographical Journal 5144:The Geographical Journal 4702:. BRILL. pp. 161–. 4535:Bradford, Charles Angell 4042:David Livingstone Online 3934:, pp. 159, 176–185. 3922:, pp. 169–171, 189. 3835:Spectrum Guide to Zambia 2388:commemorates him at the 2239:Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe 2004:David Livingstone statue 1741:David Livingstone Centre 1567:, prior to interment at 1461:Christianity and Sechele 1394:Livingstone Memorial in 1315:Geographical discoveries 921:and the Arab Swahili of 102:Chief Chitambo's Village 6334:Encyclopædia Britannica 6272:How I Found Livingstone 6144:Milbrandt, Jay (2014). 5856:Dugard, Martin (2014). 5835:Dugard, Martin (2012). 5507:Harris, Stuart (2002). 5451:fifteenninetynine.co.uk 5312:. Penguin. p. 11. 4996:. Basic Books. p. 4696:Rijpma, Sjoerd (2015). 3607:"Molehabangwe, Mebalwe" 3139:Blaikie, William Garden 2863:John McKendree Springer 2811:What about Livingstone? 2671:Stanley and Livingstone 2622:Livingstone's fruit bat 2155:20 October 2018 at the 1812:Confederate States Army 1575:Livingstone and slavery 1508:David Livingstone Medal 1437:Encyclopædia Britannica 1068:Mary Moffat Livingstone 398:Neil Livingstone was a 299:Mary Moffat Livingstone 6527:Big cat attack victims 6329:Cameron, Verney Lovett 5862:. Simon and Schuster. 5342:. 1934. Archived from 4827:. 2002. Archived from 3760:, pp. 126, 147–8. 3178:Vetch, Robert Hamilton 2989:. Stroud. p. 50. 2604:Livingston's cichlid, 2524:Livingston, California 2402:Livingstone Street in 2360:Strathclyde University 2343:Princes Street Gardens 2305: 2044:Strathclyde University 2011: 1885: 1787:(daughter of Mary and 1776: 1754: 1732: 1667: 1652: 1634: 1608: 1600: 1584: 1509: 1399: 1387: 1379: 1303:who had been hired by 1227: 1187:had identified either 1177:Richard Francis Burton 1075: 974: 910: 848:which presented him a 825: 808:Livingstone converted 786: 774: 578: 361: 353: 6592:Scottish evangelicals 6542:Deaths from dysentery 6460:13 April 2017 at the 6288:Waters, John (1996). 6276:famous primary source 6224:Ross, Andrew (2002). 6185:(Brill, 2017). 59-79 6168:Mathews, Basil Joseph 6124:"Famous Scots Series" 6113:Maclachlan, T. Banks. 6059:Livingstone's Travels 5935:, scholarly biography 5908:; scholarly biography 5880:5.2 (2021): 243–269. 5306:Michler, Ian (2007). 5224:Crehan, Kate (1997). 4810:(1997) 16#4 pp 10-19. 4478:"A Livingstone Medal" 4287:Stanley, Henry Morton 4143:livingstoneonline.org 4139:"Livingstone in 1871" 3554:, pp. 44–46, 49. 3257:. n.d. Archived from 3255:University of Glasgow 2816:A song from American 2681:Mountains of the Moon 2626:Pteropus livingstonii 2612:Livingstone's eland, 2390:University of Glasgow 2300: 2123:Livingstone House in 2002: 1883: 1816:Salisbury prison camp 1794:He had six children: 1771: 1749: 1730:Amelia Robertson Hill 1724: 1716:African Lakes Company 1582: 1557:Verney Lovett Cameron 1507: 1393: 1385: 1376:Sultanate of Zanzibar 1369: 1294:Researchers from the 1225: 1098:(UMCA) led by Bishop 1065: 1004:In December 1857 the 969: 959:published in 1857 by 939:Author and campaigner 908: 834:William Cotton Oswell 823: 780: 772: 565: 485:Anderson's University 432:Congregational church 359: 343: 104:, Kingdom of Kazembe 6597:Deaths from bleeding 6572:Medical missionaries 6360:15 July 2017 at the 6306:37.1 (Mar.): 255–71. 6258:Geographical Journal 6061:. London: J.M. Dent. 6008:Cartographic Journal 5564:. Project Gutenberg. 5205:on 27 September 2007 4036:Livingstone, David. 3829:Holmes, Tim (1996). 3662:, pp. 65, 73–4. 3422:Livingstone, David. 2983:Bayly, Paul (2013). 2785:Henry Morton Stanley 2301:Livingstone statue, 2193:Livingstone Memorial 2040:University of Malawi 2038:for students at the 2022:Livingstonia, Malawi 1758:100 Greatest Britons 1414:Henry Morton Stanley 1039:rapids, a series of 708:as Philip held that 520:Congregational Union 384:Hunter; 1782–1865). 285:, pioneer Christian 193:; died 142:51.499444°N 0.1275°W 6552:Explorers of Africa 6547:Deaths from malaria 6444:Secrets of the Dead 6246:47.1 (2019): 76-99. 6200:Philip, M. NourbeSe 6164:scholarly biography 6010:58.1 (2021): 29-49. 5939:Jeal, Tim (1973b). 5890:(CRC Press, 2018). 5827:Dritsas, Lawrence. 5589:1954GeogJ.120...15. 5156:1932GeogJ..79..318G 4616:"David Livingstone" 4562:, pp. 242–244. 4269:5 July 2010 at the 4122:, pp. 331–335. 4048:on 21 December 2014 4011:, pp. 180–182. 3958:, pp. 129–138. 3946:, pp. 126–132. 2779:", a caricature of 2690:Forbidden Territory 2529:Livingstone College 2422:Freedom of the Town 2204:Livingstone, Zambia 2175:Makerere University 1636:He also described: 1616:African Great Lakes 1243:. Upon finding the 1149:Murchison Cataracts 915:African slave trade 716:over extending the 411:. In 1832, he read 330:Scramble for Africa 138: / 60:Livingstone in 1864 6587:Scottish explorers 6349:Livingstone Online 6270:Stanley, Henry M. 6116:David Livingstone, 6096:Livingstone Online 5748:Marvel Masterworks 5685:on 21 October 2008 5659:on 21 October 2008 5583:(1): 15–20. 1954. 5539:on 21 October 2014 5409:on 29 October 2016 5058:on 5 November 2014 5032:on 20 January 2013 4831:on 4 December 2002 4194:www.britannica.com 3735:Livingstone Online 3636:Livingstone Online 3428:Livingstone Online 3403:. 1841. p. 50 3287:. 6 September 2011 3285:hamiltonurc.org.uk 3230:Livingstone Online 2764:In popular culture 2720:the following one. 2341:of Livingstone in 2306: 2208:Livingstone Museum 2150:Livingstone Street 2131:, provided by the 2012: 1901:Gaborone, Botswana 1886: 1804:American Civil War 1777: 1733: 1726:Livingstone statue 1612:Arab slave traders 1585: 1510: 1400: 1388: 1380: 1228: 1211:Islanders, twelve 1181:John Hanning Speke 1076: 1000:Zambezi expedition 980:Roderick Murchison 975: 957:Missionary Travels 947:awarded him their 911: 826: 787: 775: 579: 512:Congregationalists 428:Church of Scotland 362: 354: 147:51.499444; -0.1275 6477:David Livingstone 6384:Project Gutenberg 6298:978-0-85111-170-4 6260:(1973): 205–219. 6235:978-1-85285-285-6 6212:978-0-920544-88-4 6174:, illustrated by 6159:978-1-59555-592-2 6148:. Nashville, TN: 6139:978-0-7011-1527-2 5985:978-0-300-19100-4 5930:978-0-434-37208-9 5906:978-0-86241-402-3 5869:978-1-4516-7757-7 5848:978-1-4464-3720-9 5822:Christian History 5765:The Complete ABBA 5435:on 7 August 2012. 5319:978-1-77007-361-6 5007:978-0-465-02329-5 4950:Dugard & 2012 4808:Christian History 4793:978-0-14-013763-7 4766:978-0-333-35376-9 4739:978-0-7735-9393-0 4709:978-90-04-29373-1 4682:978-2-86978-680-6 4620:Westminster Abbey 4596:on 17 August 2010 4508:978-1-4020-6430-2 4455:www.gutenberg.org 4411:978-1-930092-11-2 4327:978-0-300-12625-9 4170:. 2 November 2011 4024:Dugard & 2012 3971:"CHAPTER I" 3844:978-1-86872-012-5 3812:978-0-7459-5568-1 3517:, pp. 43–45. 3474:, pp. 39–43. 3450:, pp. 24–25. 3355:, pp. 19–20. 3308:, pp. 13–14. 3149:Project Gutenberg 3059:978-0-7486-0217-9 2996:978-1-78155-333-6 2661:David Livingstone 2472:Livingstone Range 2368:Livingstone Tower 2042:, funded through 1943:Livingstone Falls 1664:Livingstone, 1865 1569:Westminster Abbey 1520:, in present-day 1426:on the shores of 1120:Livingstone took 1100:Charles MacKenzie 1094:, which took the 1031:collected twelve 850:chronometer watch 666:Cape of Good Hope 558:Vision for Africa 464:Robert Burns song 368:, Scotland, in a 350:South Lanarkshire 283:Congregationalist 229:David Livingstone 226: 225: 121:Westminster Abbey 37:David Livingstone 6609: 6429: 6416:Internet Archive 6338: 6317: 6315: 6314: 6249:Seaver, George. 6239: 6163: 6084: 6054: 6038: 6027: 5989: 5964: 5934: 5873: 5852: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5786: 5780: 5779: 5759: 5753: 5743: 5737: 5736: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5701: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5675: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5664: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5629:. 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Archived from 4033: 4027: 4021: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3973: 3965: 3959: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3910:, 1972), p. 324. 3896: 3890: 3887: 3881: 3875: 3869: 3858:Livingstone 1857 3855: 3849: 3848: 3826: 3817: 3816: 3796: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3746: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3726: 3709: 3708: 3689: 3680: 3679: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3651: 3650: 3645: 3643: 3638:. 9 January 1845 3628: 3622: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3602: 3596: 3589:Livingstone 1857 3586: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3524: 3518: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3494:Botswana Society 3481: 3475: 3469: 3463: 3457: 3451: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3395: 3389: 3383: 3377: 3376: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3337: 3327: 3321: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3221: 3210: 3209:, pp. 9–12. 3204: 3198: 3197: 3185: 3174: 3165: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3135: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3099: 3093: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3016: 3008: 2980: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2928: 2908: 2905: 2701:The Young Allies 2688:in the TV movie 2666:Cedric Hardwicke 2615:Taurotragus oryx 2586:Blantyre, Malawi 2350:Wallace Monument 2328:Cathedral Square 2078:, north-eastern 2029:Blantyre, Malawi 1907:Kolobeng Mission 1814:and died at the 1774:Frederick Havill 1708:Miss Annie Allen 1665: 1650: 1647:Livingstone 1874 1632: 1629:Livingstone 1874 1598: 1301:Banyan merchants 1257:Upper Congo Lake 1199:halfway between 1128:, the physician 930: 929: 806:Kolobeng Mission 706:British settlers 696:with Mr and Mrs 656:Mission stations 529:Cheshunt College 280: 279: 276: 275: 272: 269: 266: 263: 260: 257: 254: 251: 248: 239: 222: 198: 196: 192: 188: 153: 152: 150: 149: 148: 143: 139: 136: 135: 134: 131: 111: 97: 75: 73: 58: 48: 28: 6617: 6616: 6612: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6607: 6606: 6467: 6466: 6462:Wayback Machine 6420: 6362:Wayback Machine 6345: 6340: 6327:, ed. (1911). " 6323: 6312: 6310: 6266:10.2307/1796089 6236: 6223: 6160: 6143: 6082: 6067:Dernier Journal 6041: 6030: 6015: 5999:Lewis, Joanna. 5986: 5968: 5953: 5938: 5931: 5911: 5870: 5855: 5849: 5834: 5816: 5811: 5810: 5800: 5798: 5788: 5787: 5783: 5776: 5761: 5760: 5756: 5744: 5740: 5721: 5717: 5703: 5702: 5698: 5688: 5686: 5677: 5676: 5672: 5662: 5660: 5651: 5650: 5646: 5636: 5634: 5633:on 4 March 2016 5625: 5624: 5620: 5597:10.2307/1791984 5574: 5573: 5569: 5557: 5556: 5552: 5542: 5540: 5531: 5530: 5526: 5519: 5506: 5505: 5501: 5491: 5489: 5488:on 29 June 2016 5482:College Library 5475: 5474: 5470: 5460: 5458: 5445: 5444: 5440: 5427: 5426: 5422: 5412: 5410: 5394: 5393: 5389: 5379: 5377: 5364: 5363: 5359: 5349: 5347: 5346:on 9 March 2015 5332: 5331: 5327: 5320: 5305: 5304: 5300: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5256: 5255: 5251: 5243: 5239: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5208: 5206: 5197: 5196: 5187: 5164:10.2307/1784331 5141: 5140: 5136: 5127: 5126: 5122: 5112: 5110: 5102: 5101: 5097: 5087: 5085: 5076: 5075: 5071: 5061: 5059: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5035: 5033: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5008: 4986:Ferguson, Niall 4984: 4983: 4979: 4969: 4967: 4962:Steven Wilson. 4961: 4960: 4956: 4948: 4941: 4931: 4929: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4905: 4903: 4894: 4893: 4889: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4849: 4848: 4844: 4834: 4832: 4819: 4818: 4814: 4805: 4801: 4794: 4779: 4778: 4774: 4767: 4752: 4751: 4747: 4740: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4710: 4695: 4694: 4690: 4683: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4638: 4634: 4624: 4622: 4614: 4613: 4609: 4599: 4597: 4586:"On Savile Row" 4583: 4582: 4578: 4570: 4566: 4558: 4554: 4533: 4532: 4528: 4520: 4516: 4509: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4475: 4474: 4470: 4460: 4458: 4449: 4448: 4444: 4434: 4432: 4424: 4423: 4419: 4412: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4380: 4376: 4368: 4364: 4354: 4352: 4343: 4342: 4335: 4328: 4310: 4309: 4300: 4285: 4284: 4277: 4271:Wayback Machine 4260: 4256: 4246: 4244: 4239: 4238: 4234: 4224: 4222: 4214: 4213: 4209: 4199: 4197: 4188: 4187: 4183: 4173: 4171: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4147: 4145: 4136: 4135: 4126: 4118: 4111: 4101: 4099: 4087: 4086: 4082: 4074: 4061: 4051: 4049: 4035: 4034: 4030: 4022: 4015: 4007: 4003: 3991: 3987: 3967: 3966: 3962: 3954: 3950: 3942: 3938: 3930: 3926: 3918: 3914: 3904:Bridglal Pachai 3897: 3893: 3888: 3884: 3876: 3872: 3856: 3852: 3845: 3828: 3827: 3820: 3813: 3798: 3797: 3788: 3780: 3776: 3768: 3764: 3756: 3749: 3739: 3737: 3728: 3727: 3712: 3691: 3690: 3683: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3658: 3654: 3641: 3639: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3615: 3613: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3587: 3583: 3573: 3571: 3563: 3562: 3558: 3550: 3546: 3536: 3534: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3513: 3509: 3483: 3482: 3478: 3470: 3466: 3458: 3454: 3446: 3442: 3432: 3430: 3421: 3420: 3416: 3406: 3404: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3384: 3380: 3364: 3363: 3359: 3351: 3340: 3328: 3324: 3316: 3312: 3304: 3300: 3290: 3288: 3279: 3278: 3274: 3264: 3262: 3261:on 12 July 2018 3249: 3248: 3244: 3234: 3232: 3223: 3222: 3213: 3205: 3201: 3176: 3175: 3168: 3160: 3156: 3137: 3136: 3115: 3107: 3103: 3086: 3079: 3077: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3060: 3043: 3042: 3038: 3030: 3026: 3009: 2997: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2967: 2965: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2941: 2939: 2930: 2929: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2859: 2809:The ABBA song " 2766: 2686:Nigel Hawthorne 2684:(1990) and Sir 2641: 2598: 2566:Clydesdale Bank 2558: 2548: 2495:Bronze bust in 2462: 2290: 2272: 2179:Kampala, Uganda 2157:Wayback Machine 2096:, South Africa. 2058:Kipengere Range 1891: 1878: 1855: 1766: 1728:, Edinburgh by 1704:Leader Stirling 1692: 1666: 1663: 1651: 1645: 1633: 1627: 1599: 1596:New York Herald 1593: 1577: 1516:, southeast of 1502: 1463: 1433:New York Herald 1428:Lake Tanganyika 1419:New York Herald 1364: 1362:Stanley meeting 1333:Lake Tanganyika 1317: 1273:tropical ulcers 1201:Lake Tanganyika 1165: 1021:Colonial Office 1002: 941: 927: 926: 861:, chief of the 838:Kalahari Desert 830:Tswana language 828:To improve his 818: 741:Kuruman Mission 674:Tswana language 658: 587:First Opium War 560: 497:Andrew Buchanan 472: 338: 245: 241: 231: 200: 184: 180: 177: 146: 144: 140: 137: 132: 129: 127: 125: 124: 123: 112: 105: 99: 95: 86: 77: 71: 69: 61: 49: 40: 38: 35: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6615: 6613: 6605: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6469: 6468: 6465: 6464: 6452: 6447: 6430: 6418: 6409: 6408: 6407: 6400: 6393: 6377: 6371: 6365: 6351: 6344: 6343:External links 6341: 6325:Chisholm, Hugh 6308: 6307: 6300: 6286: 6279: 6268: 6254: 6247: 6240: 6234: 6221: 6214: 6197: 6190: 6179: 6165: 6158: 6141: 6127: 6110: 6103: 6092: 6085: 6062: 6055: 6044:Waller, Horace 6039: 6028: 6012: 6011: 6004: 5997: 5990: 5984: 5966: 5951: 5936: 5929: 5909: 5894: 5884: 5874: 5868: 5853: 5847: 5841:. Transworld. 5832: 5825: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5809: 5808: 5791:"Achievements" 5781: 5775:978-0857687241 5774: 5754: 5750:: Young Allies 5738: 5715: 5696: 5670: 5644: 5618: 5567: 5550: 5524: 5517: 5499: 5468: 5457:on 31 May 2016 5438: 5420: 5387: 5376:on 3 June 2023 5357: 5340:Victoria Falls 5325: 5318: 5298: 5284: 5265:(1): 112–113. 5249: 5237: 5216: 5185: 5150:(4): 318–319. 5134: 5120: 5095: 5084:. 24 June 2015 5069: 5043: 5013: 5006: 4977: 4954: 4939: 4913: 4887: 4860: 4842: 4812: 4799: 4792: 4772: 4765: 4745: 4738: 4715: 4708: 4688: 4681: 4661: 4644: 4642:, p. 442. 4632: 4607: 4576: 4564: 4552: 4526: 4524:, p. 147. 4514: 4507: 4487: 4468: 4442: 4417: 4410: 4390: 4374: 4362: 4333: 4326: 4298: 4275: 4254: 4232: 4207: 4181: 4155: 4124: 4109: 4080: 4059: 4028: 4026:, p. 384. 4013: 4001: 3985: 3960: 3948: 3936: 3924: 3912: 3891: 3882: 3880:, p. 156. 3870: 3850: 3843: 3818: 3811: 3805:. Lion Books. 3786: 3774: 3772:, p. 159. 3762: 3747: 3710: 3681: 3664: 3652: 3623: 3597: 3581: 3556: 3544: 3519: 3507: 3476: 3464: 3452: 3440: 3414: 3390: 3378: 3357: 3338: 3322: 3310: 3298: 3272: 3242: 3211: 3199: 3166: 3154: 3113: 3101: 3065: 3058: 3036: 3034:, p. 289. 3024: 2995: 2975: 2949: 2919: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2899: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2887: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2858: 2855: 2777:Africa Squeaks 2765: 2762: 2761: 2760: 2750: 2737: 2729:Africa Screams 2721: 2693: 2646:M.A. Wetherell 2640: 2637: 2629: 2628: 2619: 2610: 2597: 2594: 2578:Victoria Falls 2564:issued by the 2557: 2554: 2553: 2552: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2542: 2539: 2532: 2526: 2514: 2513: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2499:, Nova Scotia. 2493: 2486: 2479: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2456: 2449: 2446: 2443:Eltham College 2439: 2426: 2425: 2414: 2407: 2400: 2393: 2382: 2371: 2357: 2346: 2335: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2284: 2281: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2266: 2263: 2256: 2249: 2246: 2229: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219:Lusaka, Zambia 2211: 2200: 2183: 2182: 2165: 2164: 2147: 2136: 2121: 2114: 2109:A memorial in 2101: 2100: 2097: 2094:Port Elizabeth 2084: 2083: 2066: 2065: 2054: 2047: 2032: 2025: 2008:Victoria Falls 1997: 1996: 1989: 1972: 1971: 1962: 1961: 1954:Central Africa 1946: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1903: 1890: 1887: 1877: 1874: 1854: 1851: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1830: 1827: 1781:British Empire 1765: 1762: 1691: 1688: 1661: 1643: 1625: 1591: 1576: 1573: 1534:Chuma and Susi 1518:Lake Bangweulu 1501: 1498: 1462: 1459: 1455:Lake Bangweulu 1363: 1360: 1329:Lake Bangweulu 1316: 1313: 1241:Lake Bangweulu 1217:Chuma and Susi 1164: 1161: 1006:Foreign Office 1001: 998: 949:Patron's Medal 940: 937: 880:Queen Victoria 876:Victoria Falls 817: 814: 678:Rio de Janeiro 664:bound for the 657: 654: 602:boarding house 559: 556: 471: 468: 440:predestinarian 389:Blantyre Works 337: 334: 307:rags-to-riches 224: 223: 215: 214: 210: 209: 206: 202: 201: 182: 178: 173: 172: 170: 166: 165: 159: 158:Known for 155: 154: 118: 114: 113: 100: 98:(aged 60) 92: 88: 87: 78: 67: 63: 62: 59: 51: 50: 39: 36: 31: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6614: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6463: 6459: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6445: 6440: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6417: 6413: 6410: 6406: 6405: 6401: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6392: 6391: 6387: 6386: 6385: 6381: 6378: 6375: 6372: 6369: 6366: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6346: 6342: 6339: 6336: 6335: 6330: 6326: 6321: 6320:public domain 6305: 6301: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6284: 6280: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6252: 6248: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6231: 6227: 6222: 6219: 6218:History Today 6215: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6198: 6195: 6191: 6188: 6184: 6180: 6177: 6176:Ernest Prater 6173: 6169: 6166: 6161: 6155: 6151: 6150:Thomas Nelson 6147: 6142: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6114: 6111: 6108: 6104: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6090: 6086: 6081: 6080:2-86959-215-9 6077: 6073: 6069: 6068: 6063: 6060: 6056: 6052: 6051: 6045: 6040: 6036: 6035: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6020: 6014: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6002: 5998: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5981: 5977: 5976: 5971: 5967: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5952:9780399112157 5948: 5944: 5943: 5937: 5932: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5865: 5861: 5860: 5854: 5850: 5844: 5840: 5839: 5833: 5830: 5826: 5823: 5819: 5818: 5813: 5796: 5792: 5785: 5782: 5777: 5771: 5767: 5766: 5758: 5755: 5751: 5749: 5742: 5739: 5735: 5730: 5726: 5725: 5719: 5716: 5711: 5707: 5700: 5697: 5684: 5680: 5674: 5671: 5658: 5654: 5648: 5645: 5632: 5628: 5622: 5619: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5571: 5568: 5563: 5562: 5554: 5551: 5538: 5534: 5528: 5525: 5520: 5518:1-904246-06-0 5514: 5510: 5503: 5500: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5472: 5469: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5442: 5439: 5434: 5430: 5424: 5421: 5408: 5404: 5403: 5398: 5391: 5388: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5361: 5358: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5336: 5329: 5326: 5321: 5315: 5311: 5310: 5302: 5299: 5294: 5288: 5285: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5241: 5238: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5220: 5217: 5204: 5200: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5186: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5138: 5135: 5130: 5124: 5121: 5109: 5105: 5099: 5096: 5083: 5079: 5073: 5070: 5057: 5053: 5047: 5044: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5017: 5014: 5009: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4978: 4965: 4958: 4955: 4951: 4946: 4944: 4940: 4928: 4924: 4917: 4914: 4902: 4898: 4891: 4888: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4864: 4861: 4856: 4852: 4846: 4843: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4816: 4813: 4809: 4803: 4800: 4795: 4789: 4785: 4784: 4776: 4773: 4768: 4762: 4759:. MacMillan. 4758: 4757: 4749: 4746: 4741: 4735: 4731: 4730: 4725: 4719: 4716: 4711: 4705: 4701: 4700: 4692: 4689: 4684: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4665: 4662: 4657: 4656: 4648: 4645: 4641: 4636: 4633: 4621: 4617: 4611: 4608: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4580: 4577: 4573: 4572:Chisholm 1911 4568: 4565: 4561: 4556: 4553: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4515: 4510: 4504: 4500: 4499: 4491: 4488: 4484:. London: 60. 4483: 4479: 4472: 4469: 4456: 4452: 4446: 4443: 4431: 4427: 4421: 4418: 4413: 4407: 4403: 4402: 4394: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4378: 4375: 4371: 4366: 4363: 4351: 4347: 4340: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4323: 4319: 4318: 4313: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4258: 4255: 4242: 4236: 4233: 4221: 4217: 4211: 4208: 4195: 4191: 4185: 4182: 4169: 4165: 4159: 4156: 4144: 4140: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4116: 4114: 4110: 4098:on 4 May 2023 4097: 4093: 4092: 4084: 4081: 4077: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4060: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4020: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3989: 3986: 3981: 3977: 3972: 3964: 3961: 3957: 3952: 3949: 3945: 3940: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3892: 3886: 3883: 3879: 3874: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3854: 3851: 3846: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3831:"The History" 3825: 3823: 3819: 3814: 3808: 3804: 3803: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3778: 3775: 3771: 3766: 3763: 3759: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3736: 3732: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3688: 3686: 3682: 3677: 3676: 3668: 3665: 3661: 3656: 3653: 3649: 3637: 3633: 3627: 3624: 3612: 3608: 3601: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3585: 3582: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3557: 3553: 3548: 3545: 3532: 3531: 3523: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3480: 3477: 3473: 3468: 3465: 3461: 3456: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3441: 3429: 3425: 3418: 3415: 3402: 3401: 3394: 3391: 3388:, p. 20. 3387: 3382: 3379: 3374: 3370: 3369: 3361: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3323: 3320:, p. 16. 3319: 3314: 3311: 3307: 3302: 3299: 3286: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3246: 3243: 3231: 3227: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3200: 3195: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3164:, p. 13. 3163: 3158: 3155: 3150: 3146: 3145: 3140: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3105: 3102: 3097: 3091: 3075: 3069: 3066: 3061: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3040: 3037: 3033: 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Struik. 3782:Jeal 1973b 3770:Jeal 1973b 3642:15 October 3616:14 October 3574:15 October 3537:14 October 3291:30 October 2890:References 2755:(2019) by 2710:Ernie Hart 2582:Lake Nyasa 2125:Stone Town 1800:Union Army 1561:Savile Row 1538:mvula tree 1494:rainmaking 1398:, Tanzania 1337:Lake Mweru 1321:Lake Ngami 1249:Nile River 1237:Lake Mweru 1163:Nile River 1153:Lady Nyasa 1141:Lady Nyasa 1107:Lady Nyasa 1084:Lake Nyasa 842:Lake Ngami 785:, Scotland 759:Vaal River 714:Xhosa Wars 641:free trade 606:Aldersgate 583:Gützlaff's 569:dance, at 480:Gützlaff's 424:evangelist 352:, Scotland 336:Early life 318:Nile River 303:Protestant 287:missionary 130:51°29′58″N 94:1 May 1873 72:1813-03-19 6122:, 1901, ( 6070:. 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